Evening Star Newspaper, March 1, 1925, Page 42

2 THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MARCH 1, 1925—PART 2. THE EVENING STAR|for the appropriation necessary to|vented in this manner, but at the same M()re Talk Of I‘ife,s Mora]ities Declared Need of This Period With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.........March 1, 1925 THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office, 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42ud 8t. = Chicago Office: Tower Building. European Office: 16 Regent 8t.,London, Engl The Evening Star, with the Sunday morning edition, 1 delivered by carriers within the ity at 60 s per month: dally only, 45 cents per month: Sunday only, 20 cents’ per month. Orders may be sent by mail or tele- plone Main 5000. Collection is made by car- Tiers at the end of each month, Rate by M l—FPayable in Advamce. < Maryland and Virsinia. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $8.40:1 mo., 70¢ Daily only 1yr. $6.00:1 me., 50¢ Sunday only 1yr., $2.40;1 mo., 20c All Other States. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $10.00;1 mo., 85¢c Daily only , 60c Sunday only $3.00;1 mo., 25¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitied to the for republication of all news dis- patches credited to it or not otherwise credited 32 this paper and also the local news pub. lished “herein. ~ All rights of publication of special dispatehes herein are also reserved. = Pass the Retirement Amendment! With the Senate recorded in its favor, and with a disposition in the House to pass it likewise, the bill amending the retirement act to in- crease the annuities of those now re- house the ever-growing collection. The erection, equipment and maintenance of a great national art gallery consti- tutes a sound business investment, and the Federal Government should at the proper time authorize the need- ed construction and pay the entire bill therefor, which it is estimated will be between seven and ten million dollars. That a Senator so well qualified is to introduce and further the necessary legislation is a matter of congratula- tion, Congress has already set aside a site which will accommodate the building planned by the architect to be 560 feet long by 360 feet deep. This is four times the size of the Freer Gallery. There will be eventual need for every foot of space in the structure, which will be of renaissance style, will con- tain four lights courts, an auditorium and library and all other adjuncts of a great national art gallery. People use and enjoy art museums to an extent that is scarcely realized. Last year the Metropolitan Museum of New York ad- mitted over a million visitors, while nearly as many entered the portals of the Art Institute of Chicago. The Freer and Corcoran Galleries together entertained nearly 300,000 persons. The popularity of the building planned for Washington will be commensurate with a monumental aspect worthy of the historic dignity of the Nation's Capital and with the excellence of the exhibits contained therein. The na- tired from the public service should be €nacted into law at the present ses- sion. This legislation. is demanded as @ measure of justice to those whom the Government has relieved from duty. Under the original act creating & system of civil retirements a limit of $720 a year was set upon the retired pay of these employes. When the bill was drawn that may have seemed a generous provision. By the time it had passed, however, this maximum had become cruelly inadequate. Conditions had changed. The purchasing power of a dollar had decreased greatiy. Elder employes, forcibly removed from ective service upon reaching the ege limit, found that they could not main- tain themselves in decent comfort upon the pittances granted them. This bill proposes to increase the maximum from $720 to $1,200 a year. The Government is losing nothing if 1t thus provides a more adequate an- nuity. For the measure now under consideration increases the deduction from the salaries of active elerks from 2% to 3% per cent. The addition of 1 per cent'deduction from the pay of those in active service will, it is esti- mated, quite meet the higher rate of payments to those who have been or will be retired. Every consideration of equity calls for this legislation. These people, who have been compelled to abandon active service, are in urgent need of the higher rate of pay. They live in priva- tion, many of them dependent upon others for their support, and some, sad to say, in part upon charity. Only a few were, before their retirement, able to lay aside funds to yield them a pri- ‘vate income for their old age. In principle the retirement system is self-maintaining. That is to say, the contributions of the active employes provide the funds from which in great measure the annuities are paid. At the beginning many Government work- ers who had already passed the retire- ment age and had been retained in service were dispossessed of their posi- tions. In view of the advanced years ©of most of them it is probable that the number of those actually on the re- tired list will, in a short time, begin to decrease. Retirements will probably ot be at the same rate in the future &s they were at the outset. ‘Whatever the cost, however, this ad- dition to the annuity scale should be made. The Government of the United States should not continue the pay- ment of such pittances as those sched- uled under the original act or any of its amendments to date. It should not remain in the role of a miserly task- master, casting off its veterans to live as best they may upon allowances in- sufficient to meet their barest and most elementary needs of existence. ‘Whatever the congestion in the House of Representatives, there will Fgurely be opportunity for the con- kideration of this bill, so that it may e finally passed before the gavel falls on Wednesday. ———— A more lenient attitude toward fminor infractions of traffic regulation might be pardoned by public opinion if police authority could so concentrate as to let no guilty hit-and-runner es- cape. £ The National Gallery. With the announcement that plans for a National Gallery of Art have been drawn by Charles A. Platt, the eminent designer of the Freer Gallery, this Institution, which now utilizes cramped quarters which are loaned by the New National Museum, and which the latter needs itself, is a long step nearer to the possession of an ade- quate and appropriate home of its own. The United States, whose artists are nferfor to none, of all the leading na- tions lags behind in facilities to house fine examples of their work. With the construction of a national gallery anany of the great masterpleces owned by Americans will eventually become the Nation's property. Private subscriptions raised the sum ©f $10,000, which enabled Mr. Platt to make an exhaustive personal study of European museums, many of which the proposed gallery here will surpass mot only in beauty and utility, but in size, and which enabled him to com- plete a plan which, although of a pre- Jiminary nature and subject to further study and change as to floor plans and other detalls, is yet firmly fixed as re- gards dimensions, style and funda- mentals. The raising of that sum, already ad- vantageously expended, is as far as generous private citizens should be ex- pected or permitted to go. Senator Smoot of Utah, who is a member of the board of regents of the Smith- sonian Institution, administrator of the national gallery and who is chair- man of the Public Buildings Commis- sion, which allocates space for na- tional structures in the District of Co- jumbis, has announced that at the next session of Congress he will ask tional gallery is comparable to a young housekeeper who at the outset finds a small apartment ample, but who soon finds increased space is needed. In her the “own-your-own- home” slogan finds an enthusiastic listener. —————————— No Russian Recognition. ‘When it was announced that Ambas- sador Kellogg was to succeed Mr. Hughes as Secretary of State all sorts of speculation became rife as to pros- pective changes in American foreign policy. A report, which was given wide circulation, was to the effect that Mr. Kellogg's appointment fore- shadowed early recognition of the Soviet government of Russia, it being held that such recognition was favored by the then Ambassador at London. Mr. Kellogg now is in Washington, ready to take over his new dutles on March 4. He has had conferences with the President and Secretary Hughes, getting a line on pending matters in the State Department and giving them the benefit of his views and observa- tions in Europe. So it is not without significance that the authoritative an- nouncement is made that this Govern- ment sees no reason to change its at- titude with respect to Russia. There is no early prospect of American recognition of the government at Mos- cow. Those responsible for this country’s foreign policy have reason to con- gratulate themselves that they have consistently refused to be hustled into establishment of official relations with Russia. Every time another govern- ment has recognized Russia a wail has time much that is good is also lost. The good and the {ll fall together un- der the blight of the objector. Some- times the objector is simply maneuver- ing for advantage, interposing an obstacle in order to have the where- withal for a trade. Sometimes he is moved by a motive of revenge for ob- Jections raised against his own par- ticular favorites on the legislative roil. Yet a great volume of business is transacted by Congress in the closing. hours of the session by what is vir- tually unanimous consent. Every bill on the calendar has gone through a committee and has received a favora- ble report. The presumption is in favor of its merit, for every bill that reaches the House or Senate from committee with approval there are scores that never get out of commit- tee. Long as it is, the calendar repre- sents a scrutiny and a study by mem- bers of the body assigned to particular classes of subjects, and therefore in a way specialists on those lines. Still, the objector cuts a wide swath, and when the gavel falls at the end of the session, and especially at the short session, to mark the end of the Con- gress, he numbers his victims by the hundreds. ————s ' The New Traffic Law. One of the most valuable products of the session of Congress now closing, from the local point of view, is the traffic bill, which reached the final stage of enactment yesterday. This bill accomplishes two important ob- Jects. It directs the organization of a traffic bureau with powers, and it in- creases the means of enforcing traffic regulations. A director of traffic to serve under the chief of police will be named. More policemen and more judges will be provided to seize and to punish violators. It is expected that under this new system of traffic regulation and en- forcement better means will be worked out for the use of the streets to yield a maximum of service with a mini- mum of accidents. The primary pur- pose of traffic rules should be to keep vehicles safely moving, to promote the clrculation in the streets without con- gestion and without mishap. The new law Increases the speed limit within the city from 18 to 22 miles an hour, with no limit on the speed in the out- lying sections and on arterial high- ways designated by the director of traffic, where the reckless driving ¢lause will control. This rule is in the interest of a speedier movement of the traffic. But speed is not so Important as safety. Washington will expect an enforcement of all the rules to the end that recklessness will be punished, and especially when it results in injurles or in death. o The disappearance of Gutzon Bor- glum is causing less anxiety than the destruction of plans and models for the extraordinary work on which he was engaged. A man capable of moun- tain sculpture must be regarded as representing genius on a large scale, gone up in this country that American industry and agriculture were being deprived of goiden opportunities for profitable trade. During the recent campaign we even heard the farmer told that failure to recognize Russia was chiefly responsible for the sad plight he was said to be in. The at- tempt was made to create the impres- sion that Russia hungered for our products, had the gold wherewith to pay for them and that only the lack of diplomatic intercourse kept us out of a lucrative market. As a matter of fact, this Govern- ment has never put any obstacles in the way of trade with Russia, and the only thing that has held American ex- porters back has been lack of any satisfactory assurance that goods ship- ped to Russia ever would be paid for. The foresight of this country is now being justified by the hindsight of the European countries which extended recognition. A few days ago we had reports that France had come to the earller disillusionment of Italy as to profits to come out of Russia. Now comes the report of the British Trades Union delegation to Russia with a denial of all the claims of benefits from the rule of the Soviets. The British trades unionists, who drove the Ramsay MacDonald government into recognizing Russia, are told frankly there is nothing in common between their aspirations and the dictatorship of the proletariat. So it falls out that neither on the material nor the spiritual side, so far as the records show, has any nation which extended recognition to Russia derived any benefits therefrom. e — A Connecticut judge declares it is legal to sell liquor 19 miles out at sea. The vendor sails away in safety and the risk becomes entirely domestic dis- tributed among carriers, retailers and especially among consumers. This form of traffic represents a phase of foreign advantage that no tariff can reach. JESEE— Even those who disagree with Brig. Geh. Mitchell are compelled to admit that he is one of the most interesting talkers who have appeared before Con- gress, and that is saying a great deal. The Congressional Objector. This is the stage of the session of Congress at which the power of the in- dividual member is greatest. It is a negative power, however, and not posi- tive. It consists of the ablility to blockade legislation by interposing ob- jections. This may be done when the calendar is called under the “consent” rule. A single voice in protest causes a measure to be laid over, and, being laid over once, it is seldom reached again. When a bill is brought in from committes on belated report, and re- quest is made for its consideration out of order, again a single voice in pro- test is effective to check it. Chronic objectors have their big innings at this stage of the session. They watch the proceedings with eagle eyes. They keep track of every move. They de- mand explanations at every turn. When the calendar is called they fol- low the proceedings with fingers on lists to checks off doubtful bills and to cast them into the limbo of postpone- ment by their protests. Probably some bad legislation is pre- with a corresponding amount of tem- perament. ——— Young Lieut. Wood, who is said to have squandered two fortunes, is now preparing to return to America, He will arrive just in time to hear a great deal of sound and impressive advice on the subject of economy. ———— The leaning tower of Pisa is over- doing 1t, and may be required to sacri- fice picturesqueness for safety. There will be no particular interest to future generations in a leaning tower which requires propping up. — e The cost of living is increasing the world over, but no other country is as secure as the U. S. A. in the hope of meeting it with proportionate improve- ment in earning capacity. ———— France's financial program would not be difficult if Paris statesmen were as successful as Paris fashion experts in telling Americans what to do with their money. . SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. 'Ecouomy. “I'm going to economize,” Said Hezekiah Bings— “I'm going to be much more wise About a lot of things— I shall not mourn the reckless dime ‘Which I may toss in haste, T'll save the much more precious time I am prone to waste. ““'Tis not alone a share of wealth That makes the world worth while. I'll save my spirits and my health In systematic style; There is a lot we ought to prize That life all freely brings— I'm going to economize,” Said Hezekiah Bings. Unconsidered. “Do you find it difficult to entertain your friends in Washington?” “Entertain!” exclamied Senator Sor- ghum. “So far as my colleagues in Congress are toncerned, I can't even interest 'em.” Time for Debate. Oh, Mars, to thee we lift this plea: If any war is yet to be, Detain it till we get the news About what kind of ships to use. Jud Tunkins says a reckless driver never gets =0 entirely reckless that he ain’t kind o’ careful for hisself. Reminiscence. “She is always talking about the time she danced with the Prince of ‘Wales. She says she will never for- " commented Miss Cayenne, “that she will never let any- body else forget it.” £ The Inconsistency of It. “I hate these wicked plays,” she said, “Each one is an offense complete”— But just the same she goes ahead And pays $2 for a seat. “Solomon was de wisest man,” said Uncle Eben, “leastways he was o rich dat If he made de claim nobody 'roun’ de palace was gineter contradict ‘im.” BY THOMAS R, MARSHALL, Former Vice President of the & Statea. ted Some cynic—or was he a savant? —recently remarked that the only persons interested in the moralities were persons who at some time in their lives had been immoral. Ap- parently it was his view that in order to be interested in truth, one at some time must have been a lar; that in order to be interested in honesty, one must have been dishonest in some period of his life, and, likewise, through the gamut of all the morali- tles. His remark recalled to me the advice to young men of another cynic —to get “on” in the world, then to got “on-er,” and then to get “on-est.” Honor and honesty, of course, go hand in hand, but the degree of one's honesty depends entirely on the idea of honor which he entertains. Human nature is such a mosalc of good, bad and indifferent traits of character that comparisons must always in- volve these traits. That which is honest in one transaction may be wholly dishonest in another trans- action, according to the viewpoint of a ma® who is engaged in both. To instance: * k x % A man may have not the slightest hesitation over decelving his wife, justitying his conduct on the ground that what she does not know will not harm her nor cause her worry. By constant practice he ultimately can look her straight in the eye and le convincingly. Yet this same man might be quick to shed his coat and thrash any stranger who sought to impose upon his wife through a fal statement. The lying he engaged In with his wife has not, he feels, af- fected any honorable relation toward er. Honor and honesty In business likewise have many phases. The Lonor of a man seems at times to demand that yie shall deal honestly with another, be exact in everything he says and scrupulous in everything he does. He seems to recognize that the man with whom he Is dealing is clean through and through, that he would not stoop to any petty mean- ness, nor seek to take advantage of any unknown circumstance in the transaction under conslderation, and that, therefore, he, too, must exer- clse a sense of honor based on equally high sentiments. Yet in dealing with one thought to be slippery, this man may qualify his sense of honér. He becomes anxious to deceive. He anticipates an advantage through some slip. In the back of his head is the letter rather than the spirit of the contract. He haggles over written terms on the theogy that technicalities of the law may in the end release him from ct accountability. Honesty has no place in this transaction. * x % * Again in politics, honor too often requires one to exercise dignity and righteousness of conduct only to the deg) displayed by his opponent. Thus is found justification for not playing the game of politics squarely. It tends to suffer and permit one to belleve and spread stories about his opponent which ordinarily he would not belleve under any circumstances, much less repeat. Honor and honesty have taken for themselves the motto that all {s fair in everything as well as In love and in war. These varying measurements of honor and honesty are responsible for much trouble and confusion in the political, social and economioc life of the world. They have developed a working principle to the effect that If one deals as fairly with his fellow man as he thinks this fellow man would deal with him he has gone as far as the law of morals requires him to.go. Moreover, they have tended to justity tricky ‘methods In dealing with tricky persons, The world would be happler and better if all its yard- sticks had been of the same length always and everywhere. Mankind would have been spared the effort to readjust the yardsticks to a uniform length 86 that they might be applied to all things at all times. * o ox x The moralities of life inevitably are wrapped up with the immoral conduct of mankind. Consequently one of our difficult tasks Is to convince each and every man that no difference what the other fellow is likely to do, he is required by the law of life to exer- cise scrupulous honesty and to dis- play unvarying integrity, The aver- age Individual must be brought to be- lieve that in a life crowded full of contacts and controversles his honor should hold fast to his honesty under any and every circumstance. Our plea will have to run something like this: “Let the other fellow skin you If he will, you will take no base advantage of him in order to help yourself. Let your opponent in a po ltical contest say about you what he pleases, you will not disseminate stories whioh you do not know to be true. Let others, if they can, square thelr honesty with whatever their sense of honor may be, but for your- self you will set a high standard that will disclose you to be, regardiess of YOUr own interests or your own hap- piness, that rarest and most wonde ful thing in life—an honest man.” Ay Moralities do not impress them- selves upon the minds of only those who have indulged in immoralities. They impress themselves upon the minds of all. We learn by reading, by observation, by the conduct of our fellowe. I believe we could help the world on If we talked less about the immoralities of life and more about its moralities. Each of us has a will, and we can will to do right or will to do wrong. At the end of life those who have willed to do right have spent far happler years thi who sought first to get “on, get ‘“on-er,” and finally to get ‘“on- est. (Copyright, 1925, by st Century Press.) Self-Operating Motion Pictures BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN Motion pictures without an operator to handle the projection machine, to rewind the film, to adjust the reel, and to do all the other things hereto- fore required of an expert attendant. Motion pictures merely by snapping on the current from an ordinary elec- tric light socket, or by dropping & coin in a slot and releasing a clock mechanism. Motion pictures in day- light @s well as in darkness. ‘This means motion pictures in the home, in the schoolroom, on the lec- ture platform, in church, in hospitals, in hotel lobbies, in railway stations, in shop windows, in offices, in sales- rooms, on board ships, as they have never been known before. It means visual education as it was dreamed by Thomas A. Edison more than 30 years ago, when he was doing work that made possible that modern marvel, the motion picture, and as it was envisaged by him when in a re- cent interview in Collier's he predict- ed that within 10 years textbooks as the principal medium of teaching will be obsolete as the horse and carriage are now. “I believe that in the mext 10 years visual education—the im- parting of exact information through the motion picture camera—will be & matter of course in all of our schools,” the wizard sald in this in- terview. “The printed lesgon will be large supplemental—not para- mount.” And all this is no longer a dream, bat is a practical reality as the result of the genius of a young man from Wisconsin, who has perfected a self- operating continuous motion picture projector. The Government has set the seal of its approval on the inven- tion by purchasing mechines which are to be used in the educational work of the various executive departments, such as the Indian Schools of the In- terior Department and the Bureau of Extenslon of the Department of Agri- culture, and possibly by the Depart- ment of Commerce and by the Ship- ping Board, as educational and enter- tainment features on board ships of American lines. Prominent educato are planning to introduce the m: chines into the classrooms of public schools and colleges, and business men, who are always about three jumps ahead of everybody else in utilizing new ideas, are already using them in numerous commercial ways. Product of Twelve Years' Work. William C. Raedeker is the inven- tor, and his invention is the product of 12 years of hard work. However, Mr. Raedeker bids fair to have a more enviable experience than has been the fate of many inventors, for he is only in his 30th year. He will not have to wait for success un- til his eyes are so dim from age that he can scarcely recognize it when it comes. Moreover, he is assured of his full share of the financial rewards of his genius. The distinguishing feature of the new projector is an ingenious mecha- nism by which the film, as it un- winds to be projected, rewinds into the original reel, which is, thus con- stantly of the same size. Thus, t0o, the film is projected continuously, over and over again, as long as the electric power is turned on. Instead of the usual 35 milliteter film, t film used {s the Eastman safety stan ard 16 millimeter nl;n, whlel;, :: :: ed, will reduce the cost of prin! 3“;‘1- cent. It is also claimed that the method by which the film is moved, Instead of being stepped fol ward frame by frame, prolongs the life of the flm many times and re- sults in & further marked economy. Pressing a button starts the pro- Jector and no further attention is re- Qquired until it is desired to stop it. Should the flim come .apart, due to improper patching, an automatic mer- cury switch instantly stops the pro- jector. No special wiring is required, as sufficient electricity is supplied from an ordinary lamp socket. Small, Light and Compact. The projector is small, light and compact. It is inclosed in & box, simi- lar to a traveling man's sample case, about 18 inches long, slightly less than that in height, and about § inches deep. The moving plcture is shown within ‘a collapsible shadow box, attached to the side of the case and extending out some 3 or 4 feet, 50 that the whole apparatus can rest upon an ordinary table or office desk, or the shadow box may be re- moved and the an aperture in picture thrown from one end of the case wallf Demonstration the pictures are clear and dtstinct in daylight. This is the form of projectér that it is believed solves the problem of the use of motion pictures in schools —vis it elimi- nates the necessity of an expert operator, and because at a range of 15 feet, or within the confines of the smallest classroom, the picture on the screen or wall is as large as that secured at a distance of 70 feet by an ordinary projector. The teacher oper- ates the projector readily after the briefest explanation as to how it works, starting and stopping it at will, and having the lesson repeated as often as desired. The machine welghs less than 20 pounds and can be handled easily and quickly, and the further advantage is claimed for it that it is much less expensive than the ordinary projector, both in initial cost of machine and prints and in maintenance and operating expen: For use In the home, or in hotel lobbles and similar places, the pro- Jector is inclosed in an upright phono- graph type cabinet. The mechanism and all the working parts are within the cabinet, and the moving pictures are thrown onto a screen placed in the 1id, which when not in use is lowered into the top of the cabinet, or If it is desired to show them on a wall or screen the lid is left closed and the projection is made through an opening in the rear of the cabinet. The mechanism is controlled by an omatic time switch, which may be set to start at a given time and to operate continuously for as long & period as desired, then to stop without personal attention. Film reels will be supplied for these ma- chines just as disc records are sup- plied for the various makes of phono- graphs. Recently Used Here. An interesting illustration of the commerclal use of the new projector is found in connection with the for- mal opening in Washington of the new Mayflower Hotel, a $14,000,000 hostelry, said to be one of the fin- est in the world. Motlon pictures have been taken of every feature of the hotel service from kitchen to bed- room and of all the events of the opening dinner and ball. Pictures ‘will also be taken of the Coolidge in- augural charity ball, which will be held in the hotel on the night of March 4. Out of these a reel will bhe made to be shown in cabinet proj- ectors that will be placed’in the lob- bies of other hotels throughout the country, on steamships and abroad. Other commercial films now being shown include every step in the man- ufacture of a watch by an Illinois company, and a grade crossing dis- aster that was staged by the New York Central Railroad as an object llullun in the operating of automo- biles, Useful Brevity. Many a public speaker or private salesman who begs for just five In- utes in which to present his case takes more than the time allotted. That is why true brevity is so greatly appreciated when it appears. A famous Canadian who was among the first to see the need for the Wel- land Canal and who took & leading part In ralsing money for the project went to London to enlist interest and influence of the London Times. But the editor was always “too busy just now” to hear his plan. Finally he gained an audience by promising to put the whole case for the canal in five minutes. He did better. This is the way he did it: He spread out on th, sk a pocket map and sald: “Here is Lake Erle, here are the Falls of Niagara, this is Lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence and the Atlantic, and here is t of the great Welland Canal, he folded the map and ended terview. From that moment the powerful Times was on the side of the Welland project. That is a story that might well be given an important position in any text on salesmanship or force- ful speaking. It even has its ap- plication in communication on less important matters between private News-Tribuse, ‘Then the in- Capital Sidelights Frederick H. Gillett, who outranks all members of Congress for con- tinuous service during 32 years, with Senator Francis E. Warren of Wyo- ming as his nearest competitor, with 30 years of continuoas service, is the first Speaker of the House to go to the Senate since John G. Carlisle of Kentucky, who, like Gillett, had three terms as Speaker. Carlisle was Speaker from December 3, 1883, to March 2, 1889, Between Carlisle and Gillett came and went these famous Speakers: Thomas B. Reed of Maine, Charles F. Crisp of Georgla, David B. Henderson of Iowa, Joseph G. Cannon of Illinois and Champ Clark of Missouri. Of the 39 men who held the speak- ership before Gillette only 13 became and only one of the 39, K. Polk of Tennessee, became ent, and he was not in the Senate. The only one of the 3§ who became Vice President was Schuyler Colfax of Indiana, who was Vice Pres- ident during Grant's first term, and he was not in the Senate. Massachusetts has had five Speak- ers, the first four of whom got to the Senate, for a time at least. There was Theodore Sedgwick, Speaker from December 2, 1799, to May 14, 1800, who resigned to accept an ap- pointment to the Senate; Joseph B. Varnum, Speaker from November 7, 1808, to March 3, 1811, who was elect- ed to the Senate; Robert C. Winthrop, Speaker from December 6, 1847, to March 3, 1849, who was appointed.to the Senate and then defeated when he sought election after his term had expired, and' in the same year of that defeat was also defeated for gov- ernor—he had been appointed to the Senate to succeed Daniel Webster; Nathaniel B. Banks, the “bobbin boy, who was Speaker from December 3, 1856, to March 3, 1857, and later rafl- road president, a Union general in the Civil War, and then again a member of Congress, but he was not a Senator. el ot o As 1ong as the Star Spangled Ban- ner continues to wave over the land of the free and thé home of the brave it will be described in most pictur- esque language on the pages of his- tory. After all these years it would seem as if all possible changes had been rung on the artistry of words to express the patriotic thoughts which the flag inspires. But every once in a while some orator with a flash of vision sees the Stars and Stripes in a new light of glory, and with magic tongue brings his visfon vividly be- fore our mental gaze. Representative Charles E. Winter of Wyoming, author of the State song and of two Western novels, addre: ing the Sons of the American Revolu- tion recently, volced his conception of the deep significance of the colors of the flag, betokening the very life of the Nation. “In the red I'see the past,” he said It is the symbol of strife. I see the Nation's birth, a perfod of force and suffering, of bloodshed and destruc- tion; again follow doubt, discord, allenation; the storm and convulsion of the Civil War, and then, amid the awful throes of the World War, the Nation passes over the blood-crimson border. “In the white I see reflected the present. It is the symbol of peace. The Nation has advanced into the realm of reason. Arbitration and in- ternational law have succeeded war. A lasting truce has been struck. Sei- ence, invention, industry, art and phi- lanthropy give forth their benificent and refining contributions. The Na- tion is running to a fuller and a truer grandeur. ‘Peace hath her victorles' even more ‘renowned than wa “In the blue I see the future. It is the symbol of love. Calm, clear, deep, serene; it inspires hope, trust, truth and faith. It {s the color of the skie it is the edvironment of the star: is of the heavens. It suggests the spirit among men that ‘Man is his brother's keeper. Justice is en- throned at last, while humanity is the potent influence. I behold the work- ing out into a majestic reality of that grandest rule of action—'The Father- hood of God and the brotherhood of Loty . * ok ok % Rarely does any man have such an éxperence as that of Representative Henry St. George Tucker of Virginia when he opposed the amendment to an appropriation bill increasing the Jaries of members of Congress. He y own views on the subject are 80 perfectly reflected by one whose honored name I bear that I shall con- tent myself with inserting the re- marks of Judge Henry St. George Tucker of Virginia on the subject of ‘Increasing the compensation of Mem- bers’ in the Fourteenth Congress, first session, Friday, March §, 1816.” That Representative Tucker recelved $6 a day for his legislative attendance and his descendants point with pride to the fact that Judge Tucker would never take or receive the increase in his salary, but that it has remained In the Treasury of the United States to his credit for 108 years. E During the early vears of Speaker Gillett's service in the House he re- ceived $5,000 a year for salary. In those days many members devoted more than half their time to their own private businesses. The work of & member of Congress began to grow after he was first allowed a clerk. His correspondence grew, bringing him into closer contact with his di trict, and he soon found himself ovliged to give more attention to his duties in Washington. So Speaker Gillett has the distinc- tion of having had his pay raised twiec in the 32 years he has been in Congress—once in 1907, when it yas Increased from $5,000 to $7,500, and again when he was elected Speaker, when it went to $12,000. So he will suffer a reduction on March 4 when he goes over to the Senate end of the Caplitol. * k¥ ok That Senator Duncan U. Fletcher of Florida is a “dead game sport,” and Wwilling to pay fourfold for a few mo- ments’ visit with fraternity men is at- tested by Representative Royal John- son of South Dakota. They are both embers of the Phi Delta Theta Fra- ternity, which had a little sesslon and buffet supper recently. According to custom, they dig down for $2 to pay annual dues and $2 for the “eats. Senator Fletcher was late and had hardly time to shake hands with a fellow-member of Congress when. the announcement was made that it was time to “dig” for the $4, and the Senator promptly dug. Then his col- league said: “I didn’t know, Senato: that you were a Beta Theta Phi man.” Then Senator Fletcher realized that he had stumbled into the wrong fr: ternity meeting. He beat a hasty retreat and inquired his way to his own frat gathering. As he approached he heard sounds of revelry, and at once saw William Wolff Smith and another frat brother, who greeted him cordially, and almost as t} his coming was a signal, the an- nouncement was heard that it was time for a $2 collection to pay for the supper. The Senator again brought out his roll without a murmur. Then Mr. Smith inquired how he had happened to ba with them, and after explaining that they were glad to be taus honored, let the Senator know that he had again made a mis- take and intruded on a meeting of an organization from the Veterans' Bureau. Finally Senator Fletcher reached his own fraternity meeting just as it was breaking up, but in plenty of time to be dunned for another $4, which made his total for the three mestings $10, and he hadn’t had a bite of any of the three suppers he had helped to pay, ter, MEN AND AFFAIRS BY ROBERT T. SMALL. There is something ineffably sad about the meager preparations being made in Washington for the inaugu- ration. The spectacle is particuarly poignant to one who has followed inaugurations professionally and sen- timentally for nearly three decades. The saddest sight of all is the tiny little reviewing stand, or box, being erected in front of the White House and from which President Coolidge is expected to watch the march by of the abbreviated inaugural parade. 1t is not much larger, if as large, as the judges' stand at a race track. And the stand across the Avenus trom the White House for the public 1s little more than a few seats ar- ranged along the sldewalk. It is ail just a symbol of simplicity in keep- ing with the President’s wishes. The most imposing inaugural structure is the one erected by Congres on the east front of the Capltol, where Mr. Coolidge is to take the oath of office and deliver his brief inaugural ad- dress. The congressional stand has a semblance of architectural beauty and is suggestive of the structures of the past. But, leaving the Capitol, all sem- blance to the inaugurals of the past is gone. The spectacles of other days were gorgeous affairs. Their pomp and circumstance filled the eye and gave one a mental picture of the glory and the resources of the coun- try. They attracted people from every section of the United States and every visitor felt stirred and re- paid for his sojourn at the heart of the Nation The contrast of today is most noticeable in front of the White House. It was there the festivities by day centered. There was the great court of honor, more gorgeous in its waving colors than anything the Mardi Gras has ever known. There was the wonderful White House reviewing stand—a great glass-inclosed structure where the President and his cabinet, the Su- preme Court and hundreds of invited guests assembled. The stand was equipped with a kitchen and lunch- €on was served to the new President and his guests as they reviewed the long parade. Often it was necessary to serve supper as well, so splendld was the military and civic pageant. Then would come the hurried depar- ture, the change into evening clothes and the attendance at the magnificent inaugural ball But all of these things are merely memories now. The tumult and the shouting are banned. The fireworks have been blanketed. The official ball has gone to its doom under the pressure of thumbs turned down. There is an undeniable feeling in Washington that after the Coolidge coup de grace the old-time inaugu- ration can never “come back.” Pretty soon the 4th of March may mean Fifty Years Ago In The Star A_spirit of organization prevalled in Washington 50 years ago. A move- ment was under Women Form a way to form an . association of art- Literary Club. (o ana at the same time steps Wwere being taken to create a society of writers. Wash- ington has always had a large liter- ary colony, and half a century ago those who made their living wholly or in part by their pens were es- pecially numerous. In The Star of February 24, 1875, is reprinted an extract from the correspondence of “Miss Grundy” in the New fYork Graphic, as follows: ““A few weeks since Mrs. Julia Ward Howe came as a missionary to Wash- ington to organize a literary club here. Some ungrateful Washing- tonian has had the bad taste to say that if, having had as Winter resi- dence for several years writers of the standing of Grace Greenwood, Mrs. Harrlet Prescott Spofford, Gail Hamilton, Mrs. Mary Clemmer, Mrs. Dalgren and some others of scarcely something to an occaefonal President, but it will be just Monday or Tues- day or Wednesday to the man in the street. * * % % Col. John C. Coolidge, who played the next to leading role when his son, Calvin Coolidge, first took the oath of office as President of the United States, has been somewhat reluctant to take the time away from the farm up in Plymouth, Vt, to go all the way to Washington for a ceremony In which he was to have no official part whatsoever. To the colonel the time the presidency came to the Coolldge family will always be remembered as that sultry night of August 3, 1923, when, by the light of the faithful old kerosene lamp he took out the family Bible and pledged his only son faith- fully to uphold and defend the Con- stitution of the United States against all enemles without and within. Next Wednesday the oath once more will be administered to the thirtleth President, but this time the administering official will be the dis- tinguished Chief Justice of the United States, Willlam Howard Taft, who 16 years ago stood where Mr. Coolldge will stand and was himself sworn in as President. Today Mr. Taft is the only Hving ex-President. * ¥ ¥ % Washington has not yet recovered from the shock of the spectacle of a public official rising in his place and protesting both vigorously and ear- nestly against recelving an increa of Government pay. The occasion was made all the more notable by the fact that the public official in question probably is the poorest man ever to hold his high position. Every one knew when Representa- tive Everett Sanders of Indiana pleaded with his colleagues of the House of Representatives not to in- crease his pay as the next Becretary to the President from $7,500 a year to $10,000 a year he meant what he sald. But Congress always has re- garded the Secretary to the Presi- dent as on the same salary plane with Representatives and Senators, and 8o, having voted themselves the increas. to $10,000, the men of Capitol Hill de- cided in a more or less belated man- ner to include Mr. Sanders in the new scale. The House voted the inoreasc over the protest. But Mr. Sanders went to the conferees and he suc- ceeded, by persistent effort, in hav- ing the increase stricken out. Mr. Sanders sought a few months ago to retire from Washington life because he could not stand the expense. Then the President requested his services and he decided to make the further sacrifice for the President. He neither expected nor wanted a re- ward from Congress. These are in deed, strange days in Washington. (Copyright, 1935.) Heard and Seen If one could only occupy the mind of a cat, and at the same time retain his own mind, he would be able to offer the world something absolutely new in the way of a book. Perhaps no friend of the house cat has ever watched one of these mys- terious creatures without wishing, at some time or other, that he could peer into the brain of the animal and know what its thought processes are. I believe there can be little doubt that a cat does think, after a fashion. The same primitive physical processes which led the human race to delve into complicated thinking operate in the animal world. There can be little doubt that dogs do some pretty good thinking. Cats. in their turn, have been known to ac- tually reason. Else how can the ac- tion of a certain cat, as related in Van Vechten's “The Tiger in the House” be explained? A professor of physics, Mr. Van Vechten relates, was giving a lectur< before his class on the vacuum, and decided to illustrate the process. Ac- cordingly, he produced a large bell jar and a pump and placed a cat, a avorite around the campus, inside the big gl less note, the ladles of Washington had not seen fit to organize a literary club, it was scarcely to be expected that a stranger should succeed in such an attempt. However, a club, to be called ‘The Ladies’ Literary and Socfal Club,’ has been started with a few members, among whom are Mrs. Jewell, Miss Boutwell and Miss Swan, sister of Mrs. Senator Morrill, and a brilliant future is ex- pected from it.” 2 * * * It would seem from the following editorial in The Star of February 24, " . 1875, that the custom The District The professor then began to pump out the air. As the air was ex- hausted the cat showed decided signs of discomfort and began to gasp for air, finally keeling over. At this point, of course, the cat was released, Tabby soon coming to in the fresh air. The next time the lec- ture was made the students sought her for illustrative purposes. The cat, however, struggled to pre- vent herself being carried into the classroom, showing signs of fem at the sight of the bell. Despite her struggles she w placed under the jar, and the pump started. At this point Tabby took a hand— or, rather, paw—in the proceedings. at the Capital of un- derstating the burden TaXPAYETs. ¢ taxes 1aid upon the people of the District was prevalent half a century ago as at present: “The style of remark in Congress in regard to the rate of taxation here shows that some of the mem- bers look upon our taxpayers as so many bloated capitalists, who can readily shoulder the heavy indebted- ness contracted for District improve- ments. As a matter of fact, the tax- payers of the District are as a body men of small means, as must natural- 1y be the case in a city without com- merce or manufacture and where a considerable proportion of the popu- lation lives on small salaries. We are told by a business man of this city, who is in a way to be well in- formed, that not less than $30,000,000 of property in this District is mort- gaged for money borrowed at an in- terest of not under 9 or 10 per cent, and that this money has been mainly borrowed by citizens of small means to save their property from sale for improvement taxes and other taxes.” * * % A rate war was in progress between the Pennsylvania and the Baltimore Railroads’ and Ohio Railroad Companies 50 years ago, and Washington Rate War. o much interested, for it had for a long time complained of the injustice of the impositions of the latter corporation, which had for a considerable period held a monopoly of rail transportation between the Capitol and the North and West. So when Presidents George Barrett of the Baltimore and Ohlo and Tom Scott of the Pennsylvania fell out over privileges and tariffs and pro- ceeded to a throat-cutting competi~ tion, the Capital hoped for some ad- vantage from the fracas. In The Star of February 24, 1875, in a reference to the situation, The Star expressed the bellef that the rival railroads would soon effect @ truce, inasmuch as the two companies represented a large amount of capital which was owned by bondholders and stock- holders, who would probably bring pressure to bear upon thelr respec- tive executives to cause a suspension of the hostilities so inimical to their pocketbooks. * * It seems mfl‘: that so recently ago as only 50 years skepticism should be th Eleotric Motor of "tha possiviits. of poseibility of Derid operating railroa ed. trains by electricity. Yet an announcement from San Fran- cisco that a young mechanic of that city claimed to have found a method of ap- plying the electric current for traction purposes was 80 treated in The Star of February 24, 1875. The device proposed was not that which eventually came about. It consisted of driving wheels, each composed of a series of power. elec- tric magnets diverging from the center like spokes. Ths electric current was to X She deftly placed her paw over the hole where the air was being drawn out, and held it there. As soon as the professor stopped pumping she would remove her paw, but the mo- ment he started exhausting the air the cat would put her paw back again. Folled at wll turns, the professor was forced to release Tabby amid the cheers of the students. Now, if that doesn't show thought on the part of that cat, I would like to know what it does show. . 0 Probably most of the misunder- standing of the house cat could be obviated if some one could give to the world the actual thought proc- esses of the animal. It fs not easy to hold malice against any person it we know just what caused his ac- tlons. Most of the misunderstanding in this world is caused by misunder- standing on the part of the other party, who does not know—and often does not care to know—how the oth- er thinke. The cat is called sneaking, when that 8 lts nature; it is called sly. when slyness is called for in its man- ner of living; it is called treacherous, because those who so call it are not able to see the world through cat's ey How difterent, indeed, life would seem to one if he viewed It through those green orbs! Books, homes, street cars, automebiles, radios, big business, little business, lectures, mu- sic, government, these and thousands of other things would vanish in- stantly. In their stead would appear sim- ply—well, how can I tell you? I have never been able to get inside my cat's head and look out, at the same time retaining my own mind, thus be- ing able to check up, with the human brain, what the mind of the cat sees and Knows. 1t can never be done; that is why life 18 the mystery it is." But there is one thing sure. We Rave no right to think of the cat in any other way than as a little anfmal with as much divine right in the world as we have. He is here, and he has been here for thousands upon thousands of years. If he sneaks, he sneaks very efciently. 1f he does not go to church, or say his prayers, well, many two-legged animals do neither! Oh, it some one would give us the gift to see ourselves as our cat sees us! C. E. TRACEWELL. A R TR e el e e I be completed as each magnet impinged upon the steel rails. the current being then cut off and thus imparting & rotary motion. Precisely the same principle was later applied in the development of the electric motor, with the exception that the magnet pulled the axle around by successive impulses Instead of the azle or wheel pulling itself around.