Evening Star Newspaper, January 25, 1925, Page 39

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, JANUARY 25, 1925—PART 2. Thousands of Miles of Railroads Doomed Everyday Religion Not a Talk on Theology, But Upon Life and Right Living. BY RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., Bishop of Washington. OUR SPIRITUAL LINEAGE. Ephesians, iii.s: “By revelation made known wito me the mystery. He HERE is not a man that lives that has not known his God-like hours.” Thus < some one expresses the re- curring spiritual experi- ences that come to one and all of us. It may be a difficult thing for a man or woman in maturity to make clear to their consclousness the time and place in which they had their epochal spiritual awakening. Many of us were taught In early lifo to believe that what is com- monly called a ‘“change of heart" must be definitely fixed at a certain time, and under certain peculiar con- ditions. Doubtless some of us have made a supreme effort to fix in our own consciousness the period of such experience. We have known people who were distressed and embarrassed because they were unable to identify their spiritual change, or to mark in thelr calendar the hour and day of their conversion. Doubtless it is a happy and sug- gestive thing to be able to record one's spiritual birthday, and, as the vears come and go, to recognize it with the same interest that we do our natal day. On the other hand, we believe that the vast majority of those who are strong and devout Christians are unable to mark in the calendar the hour and day of their rebirth. ‘6 X In the above passage, taken from 2 letter written by St. Paul to his Ephesian friends, he is attempting 10 explain to them the process of his own spiritual illumination. His own experience had been unique and is commo referred to as a “Pauline conversion.” He could readily identify it with his experience on the road to Damascus when he heard a voice speaking to him and saying: “Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou Me?” To Wwhich with readiness he replied “Lord, what wilt Thou have me to do?" "It was an amazing experience, both rare and uncommon. Some one has strikingly said that the “evolution of man is the involu- tion of God." To be able to trace ene’s spiritual lineage, and to mark the steps of progress by which one has grown day by day in spiritual perception and in of the reality of the meaning\ of hrist's life really a matter of large importance. We can trace our intellectual growth, and frequently, ltke MacCauley, we can distinguish the consclousness | and extraordinary experience. Tt will be remembered that MacCauley maintained that he was intellectually reborn through reading a single book, Lessing’s “Laocoon.” We are all interested in tracing our development along physical or intel- lectual lines to some incident or ex- perience that came to us perhaps in an hour when we least expected it. As life matures it is an unfortunate thing for any one of us If we are unable to note the steps of progress by which our finer spiritual self has been strengthened and enriched. * ok ok ¥ Life, after all, is a great unfolding to our consclousness of God's plans and purposes. We come, day by day through many and varied experl ences, to know more and more of the meaning of life; of our relation to it, and of the great divine scheme or plan that lies behind it. To grow old without the consclousness that we are richer in experience, clearer in vision and larger in outlook, is an indication of mental and spiritual poverty. St. Paul speaks of his own spiritual birth and development as being in the nature of a revelation of a mys- tery. Religion is a mystery, like all the other great facts of which we have knowledge. Birth and life itself are mysteries. We live in a world surrounded with mysteries, and only little by little de we come to have consclous knowledge of them. That they are mysteries does not put them beyond our reach or render them less serviceable to us. That I can speak into a microphone and have my volce carried thousands of miles by the sensitive ether awes me and fills me with a sense of rev- erence for that which I am incapable of comprehending. To feel that each new day may become to me a larger and fuller revelation of God's mighty and eternal processes, and my rela- tion to them, lends richness, and power, and satisfaction to my life. Yes, to feel that we are even capable of receiving Intimations of the Di- vine Will lends to life a new dignity, and gives it, day by day, a fresh in- spiration Another, as he wrote of his own conception of his spiritual lineage, declared: “Now are we the sons of God. and it doth not yet appear what we shall be.” The very affirmation of his sonship and the realization of his gradual growth in the conscious- ness of the divinity within him, com- pelled him to a life of more complete | consecration to God and his fellows. To “tune In” with the will and pur- pose of God means, to use the lan- Ruage of another, “to be in tune with the great transition by some unusual the inflnite.” (Copyright, 1925.) Farmers’ Salvation Is Held To Depend on Diversification BY DREW PEARSON. | AN we bring about wheat crop | failures in Canada and| Europe fiext year? | That sounds like part of al ogram of ruthlessness in Yet that is what pro- perity of our wheat farm- ers this year. And if the erops in Jiurope and in the great Dominfon to the north of us are bountiful next year, | the newly found good time our wheat farmers may come abruptly to &n end. We can't ruln the crops in the other countries of the earth. And we wouldn't do it if we could. What then are we going to do about it? How are we going to keep our farmers happy and prosperous? That question, so vital and pocketbook of every put to John J. b of war. duced the pro to the heart American, T Mitchell, who, as president of the Iilinois Merchants’ Trust and foremost authority on finance and wheat in the Northwest, was about as capable of answering it &s any man in the country We can't insure prosperity mext year by invoking the gods to ruin our nelghbors' crops,” he replied thought- fully. “No, and we can't insure 1t by Planiing mors wheat pere. elhers ha added quickly and with emphasis. Prices Face Drop. hat's the natural tendency of the farmer, but it’s a mistake. This year Canada’s wheat crop failed and Russia didn’t export, and we were called upon to fulfill a shortage of 440,000,000 bushels. But all of Canada and most of the rest of the world are already busy planting enough wheat to make up for that shortage, and there is liable to be a surplus this year. In that case prices wiil drop and wheat prices will be seriously depressed. “But the farmer doeen’t realize that. He seldom looks more than one year ahead, and if wheat sells well this vear, you can’t convince him it won't con- tinue to do so—until next year, when he learns through sad experience. “Yet an understanding of how wheat makes or breaks the prosperity of this | country the most important thing, not only the farmer, but every business- man has to learn **To cor down to and unpleasant facts,” concluded Mr. Mitchell stern “if the weather is favorable in Canada and Australta and Russia, our prosperity disappears. The weather is too uncertain a factor for a nation’s prosperity to hang on.” “What are we going to do about it?” T asked. ain, unadorned Rotate the Crops. “Plant diversified crops,” returned | Mr. Mitchell, “we don't have to plant | 50 much wheat. We never did before the war. In pre-war days Russia was not afflicted with bolshevism and was able to supply most of Europe's wheat, so that we exported very little, his vear we shall have a erop of about 50,000,000 bushels. Yet we can only use about 520,000,000 bushels ourselves, leaving a balance of 330,- 000,000 bushels which we must| market abroad. If the world has no | wheat, it is compelled to buy from us. But if the world has wheat, it can buy at the price, and usu- #lly cheaper from other countries. Upon that exportable surplus, there- fore, hangs our chances of prosperity “Now iny point is that we don have to raise that exportable surplus. Let’s go back to the crops we raised before high war prices tempted us into putting all our eggs into one Dbasket “It's an old fallacy 1 remember when I was a boy, and that was a long time ago, how Penneylvania raised a large amount of wheat for export. Now she raises practically none. Gradually the wheat belt moved westward. It swept over Ohio, Jllinois and Minnesota and now it is in the Dakotas and Montana. Gradu- ally those States found that wheat didn’t pay, and they went over to other crops. Minnesota was among the last to find it out. Last year was the first she has really planted corn, end it turned out to be more valu- able than her wheat.” “Are mot the nights in Minnesota too cool for corn?’ I asked. “Every one thought so, but the sur- prising thing is that Minnesota's present crop averaged better than erops in old corn States like Towa.” John J. Mitchell, it should be noted, is not only a banker but a farmer, and his office walls are covered with pictures of prize stallions, Jersey cows and pedigreed bulls, whose am- | about the only kina the cestors, proudly Mr. Mitchell, column ““Wheat.”" continued “is a lazy man’s crop. He puts it into the ground and lets it alone. If he plants corn, he knows he must cultivate ft. Wheat does not require cultivation “Prosperity and efficient exhibited to me by , would fill a newspaper Mr. Mitchell and diversified crops farming are all inter- dependent. The farmer of the past has not been efficient. He farmed chiefly because he could not do any- thing else. Look at the way he cares for his tools. Leaves them out in the rain in the identical spot where he unhitched his horses. 1If it weren't for the laziness of the farmer implement companies would have been In bankruptcy long ago “Our fermers can learn a lot from Denmark. That little country once raised wheat, and it was continuaily experieicing hard times, until finally it abandoned grain altogether. Now it ralses diversified crops, chiefly poultry, hogs and dairy cattle. The Danes have so concentrated on these crops that Danish butter fs known the world over and Danish bacon is Englishman will_eat. “The Danes made a regular study of marketing their crops. They found that the Englishman liked his bacon with a strip of fat and a strip of lean and they promptly began breeding hogs which would supply the British market. Today they have captured it. And Danlsh eggs are stamped with the number of the farmer selling them so that If one turns out to be bad it can be traced to the offending farmer. He is fined and sometimes suspended from par- ticipation in co-operative marketing. As a result, Danish eggs have an excellent reputation.” Can Learn From Europe. “Are not the farmers of the North- west turning to dairying?” I asked. “Yes, and I believe they are on the right road. But they still have much to learn from the European farmer. Over there you see cattle slick and well groomed, sometimes fed indoors the year around and never exposed to the weather. Now, whoever heard of a cow being curried in this country? Over here a farmer keeps 25 head, more or less, and lets them feed on whatever is convenient. “But notice that all of the Danish farmer's crops—poultry, hogs and cows—have a by-product of manure, wltich {s put back to enrich the soil. That Is something the American farmer has never done in the past, and it is his most grievous fault. He exhausts the soil and leaves it. The Red River valley, once the garden wheat spot of the world, is now about played out, simply because nothing was ever put back into the soil. Diversification of crops is the only thing that can save our soil from complete exhaustion. “The old theory,” concluded Mr. Mitchell, “was that the Lord's bless- ing brought rain or shine and that it was impossible to control or forecast the Lord's blessing. One year he smiled upon Canada and the next year upon the United States, ‘Blessed be the work of the Lord." I cannot give a hearty amen to that, for I believe the Lord expects us to help ourselve and {n the long run He will bles: with a higher average of earthly riches the farmer who splits his crop rather than gambles his entire stake on wheat.” (Copyright, 1925.) Too Early for King To Rule Hungary The Hungarian premier, Count Bethlen, referring to recent utter- ances of the leader of the Legitimists, Count Jullus Andrassy, declares that the Hungarian throne must remafn unoccupled until the country succeeds In solving the problem of finding a person in full agreement with the great powers. The present conditions of foreign and internal policy are not such that this question can be set- tled without disadvantageous cons: quences and the affair is not of such importance that its solution cannot be deferred to a suitable moment. - North Carolina has over 7,000 fac- tory establishments and 157,000 wage earners, 5 tion of motor service The example In that direction the United States. unproductive mileage among the tem. ed at a loss, President L. F. in the country, should be abandoned outright. duced this unprecedented state of sections are affected. The are hardest hit. land trunk line’s case is perhaps than any other. the consolidation of some 77 lines. In fts present condition the Maine embraces 2,450 miles of in reglons where the Boston and had a transportation monopoly. traMc has reached a point that unproductive.” They handle only 3 the company’s total business. 1,450 miles have a reasonably BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is a brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ended January 24: £ % kX% France—A five-hour speech to the French Chamber of Deputies January 21 by M. Marin, an undersecretary of state under Poincare, is sald to have met with more enthusiastic approval from that body than any other speech heard by it in many a long day. The subject was the French war debts and the main argument was the fa- miliar one that in the settlement of those debts the financial equivalent of the French blood loss should recelve due consideration. M. Marin cited French war casual- ties as follows: 1,450,000 killed on the field and 4,000,000 wounded, of whom 300,000 died of their wounds. Moreover, said he, “there are 800,000 young French women compelled to sterility because 800,000 young men have died.” The speech has had its repercus- slons on this side the ditch. A very important debate is in pro- cess in the French Chamber on the government's proposal to suppress the French embassy at the Vatican. M. Krassin, Russian Ambassador to France, is on a visit to Moscow, no doubt to report on the complete fail- ure to date of his negotiations with the French government. . P Germany—On the 19th Dr. Luther formally presented the new ecabinet to the Reichstag and made his state- ment of policies. The final make-up of the cabinet differs from the list glven in my last week's summary as follows: Dr. Frenken, a Centrist, minfster of Justice instead of Dr. Schumacher, Centrist. Count von chlieben, said to a dyed-in-the-wool Nationalist, minister of finance in- stead of aemisch, People's party Herr XKrohn, reputed a non-party man, becomes minister of traffic. ’ Dr. Luther declared with emphasis that he was a non-party man and that the cabinet would loyally de- fend the constitution and faithfully fulfill Germany's obligations under the Dawes plan and the London agreement. He promised to do his best by negotiation to prevail on the allles to evacuate Cologne. On the question of Germany's joining the League of Nations he was mnon- committal. Referring to the charge that he and his colleagues were un- duly influenced by the industrial magnates, he invited attention to their first act—an order for intro- duction of the eight-Mour day at the coke and blast furnaces. The chancellor's ‘Dror:iol:’ml:ement wed by violent debate. wel‘shetné‘or::fl?lldsls)BH.D!E(her disbelieve him, the Democrats are skeptical, the Centrists uneasy. The Fascists (Lu- dendorft-Hitler outfit) are, of course, against any government that is not flatly monarchial, the Communists against any government that is not Bolshevist. Last week's reports exaggerated the support assured to Luther, but he got a vote of confldence, 246 to 160. The Nationalist, Peoples party, Ba- varian Peoples party, Economic par- ty, Land League and Hanoverian par- ty representatives voted solidly for the new government (202 votes) the Socialist (131 votes) solidly against it. The Centrist vote was di- vided, a significant thing. The Demo- crats abstained from voting. The total membership of the Reichstag is 493. 408 votes were cast. L Arabia—The British government has decided to assign a number of fast destrovers to the duty of sup- pressing at last the immemorial traf- fic in negro slaves between Africa and Arabia. Hitherto the Arablan ships in the Red Sea, by watching their time and making a dash for it across the narrow passage with & fair wind, have had sufficient suc- cess in evading the none-too-fast patrolling vessels to justify the risk. Suppression of the traffic will be hard on the Arabs who use their slaves ot only for domestic purposes, but also as warriors. It is to be said for the Arabs that they treat their slaves with great kindness. PR —The following illustrates he e rdness of the situation at the uth of the Yangtse. m?‘au September Lu Yung Hsidng, ally of Super-Tuchun Chang Tsolin, was tuchun of the province of Che- kiang, and Chi Hsieh Yuan, ally of Super-Tuchun Wu Pel Fu, was tuchun of the province. of Kiangsu. They fought, Chi Hsieh Yuan won, Lu Yung Hsiang fled, and Sun Chuan Feng, ally of Wu Pel Fu, superced- ed the latter as tuchun of Chekiang. After Chang Tso Lin's victory, a little later, over the great Wu Pei Fu, Chang’s help enabled Lu Yung Hsiang (on whom Chang conferred the charm- ing title of “Pacification Commission- BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. HOLESALE abandonment of unpro- ductive mileage by railroads in all parts of the country, and substitu- and passengers, is one of the transportation developments of the immediate future. the Boston and Malne Railroad has challenged the attention of railroad executives throughout Senator Cummins of lowa, the leading authority in Congress on rail af- fairs, estimates that there are 75,000 miles of that comprises the national transportation sys- While Senator Cummins points out that three-tenths of American mileage {s maintain- Loree of the Delaware and Hudson Rallroad asserts that 25,000 miles, or one-tenth of all the trackage is so unproductive Moter Vehicle Responnible. The all-conquering motor vehicle has pro- more populous States, with highly developed State or county highway systems, are those in which railroads Conditions admitted by the Boston and Maine are typical of the plight of many, if not all, roads, though the New Eng- That railroad is composed of ones were built as long ago as 1833, the whole system representing a construction period of nearly 70 years, up to and including 1800, building of good roads has steadily encroached upon the hauling of tonnage and passengers Today motor miles of the Boston and Maine system virtually The remaining fair earning has decided to lop off service. The company for freight just set by present-hour American 250,000-0da railroad cart and the horse. tion, that it Boston and Maine. in short hauls and less affairs. All whole story. more acute The earller eciency Boston and track. The heavy defleit. Maine long “This presents finds 1,000 tling, per cent of practically the I told last week how Chi Hsieh Yuan, with the help of Sun Chuan Feng, beat Lu Yung Hslang and recov- ered his tuchunate of Chekiang. This week I have to tell how Lu Yung Hslang, generously reinforced by Chang Tso Lin, Is beating Chi Hsieh Yuan in turn, and bids fair to win back Shanghal and the tuchunate of Klangsu. One hears with sorrow that this rapid reversal of fortune is at- tributable quite as much to Sun Chuan Feng's withdrawal (for what- ever reason) of his support from Chi Hsieh Yuan as to Lu Yung Hsiang’s Manchurian succors, consisting part- 1y _of “white” Russians. Now, find a cross-word puzzle to compete with the above. The safety of the foreign settle- ments of Shanghal Is insured by the efficient volunteer military corps and the considerable number of warships of the great powers In the Hwang Pu. * ok % * Libya Italiana.—By the war of 1911-12 with Turkey, Italy acquired the Turkish vilayets of Tripoli and Bengazi in Africa. She gave the col- lective name of Libya Italiana to these new possessions, but the former vilayets were organized under sep- arate administrations as the prov- tnces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. Prior to the World War Tripolitania was brought under effective Itallan rule with Itallan garrisons at all im- portant points, but in face of Senus- siteres resistance only a narrow coastal strip of Cyrenaica was oc- cupled. In the World War the Senussites were thrashed by the British and soon after its close by arrangements with the new grand Senussi, Italian authority was satis- factorily established over Cyrenalca. But during the war the inland tribes capacity, but the company has concluded that a major surgical operation is necessary. miles and put on, in thelr stead, a motor truck service, unless it should be of sufficient profit to Invite independent motor lines. A Repetition of History. The foremost authority in Washington on whose official position debars him from being quoted, has supplied this writer with a graphic account of how the motor is crowding the “off the map.” is doing to the railroad what the rallroad, many years ago, did to the canal barge, the ox- “Undoubtedly the most progressive railroad proposition in sight,” says the expert in quey- s presented by the bold action of the Every system of steam railroad is suffering more or less, the competition of passenger autombiles and treight trucks. The great improvement in pub- lic highways, with the multiplied production of gas-driven vehicles, transportation to a degres of perfection where it must now be recognized as a vital competing factor by railroad managers. “The Boston and Maine situation tells the Here is a liné that finds 45 per cent of its main-line trackage carrying only 3 per cent of the system’s entire tonnage. in operatlon, rates, can meet such a situation. apparent that the patrons along the 1,450 miles of earning Boston and Maine mileage are compelled to pay rates sufficlent to sup- port the 1,000 miles of road operated at a very Problem a General One. in concrete, form a problem existing on perhaps every big system In America. question whether must not adopt some reorganization whereby unproductive mileage can be abandoned, and of Tripolitania, instigated by the 1t the unproductive 1,000 will itself operate the pany’s railroad conditions, but tricts, In a way, the motor ated. especially than carload lots, from has brought motor which there No no readjustment of 1t is quite tions, and changes no By Competition of Motor Transportation people hitherto dependent on the railroad be compelied in future to rely on motor passenger busses and freight trucks. “West, as well as East, the motor has gen- erated these condition; kee and St. Paul Railway has just reported that its 1924 earnings will not meet the com- fixed Western railroads are serving sparsely settled territory, where branch lines are a continual drain on the returns of that portion of a s tem operating in more densely populated dis- In other words, the agricultural di tricts of the Middle West are in many cases paying high freight rates in order that branch lines serving outlying districts may be oper- The Chicago, Milwau- charges. Many large Midd'e Knell for Branch Lines. It the Coolidge administration carries out the railroad consolidation scheme on which the Interstate Commerce Commission has been working, these conditions will weigh heavily. No reglonal plan of rate reduction can nowadays be ef- fected without consideration of the abandon- ment of unproductive lines. gonsolidations and no sclentific Branch lines for is today demonstrated lack of pub- lic necessity will have to give way to motor truck services, authorities predict. Even a layman, unacquainted with the in- tricacies of rail sweeping prospect that is in sight. ing of the rallroad “made” thousands of Ameri- can communities and revolutionized the life of as many others, 3 “sands of miles of line, with attendant scrap- ping of repair Shops, junction voints, wide- spread laying oft of labor, closing up of sta- problems, can picture the The com- The abandonment of thou- what not, foreshadows economlic man can measure. 8 The courts may be invoked before the *sco- and even star- contested. It also presents rallroads Turks and Germans, rebelled and Italy, having more important fish to fry, the Itallan garrisons were with- drawn to the coast. And after the war the effort to re-establish Itallan authority in the interlor was fercely opposed. With the capture the other day of Sirt (Syrt), on the Gulf of Sidra, it is thought that the Itallans have given the coup de grace to tribal resistance. That resistance would have been much more formid- able but for the inveterate inter- tribal feuds. The most Important of the rebel chiefs is® El Shtewi, Mutessarif of Misurata. The combined population of Tripoli- tania and Cyrenaica is perhaps 4,000,-1 000. That of the city of Tripoli is about 75,000; that of the city of Bengazi about 35,000. The Itallans, having profited much by their ex- perience in Eritrea, have displayed much tact and sagacity in Libya. But, though the agricultural and pastoral resources wiil receive a great development from irrigation, it is doubtful if Italian hopes of Libya will ever be more than faintly realized. The anclent caravan trade between Tripoli and Bengazi and the central Sudan (whence, in chief, os- trich feathers, ivory and leather goods come) is in a decline Which has the look of permanency. * ok ok ok United States of America—On the 21st the Senate adopted the follow- ing resolution: “Resolved, That the Secretary of State be, and he is hereby requested, if not incompatible with the publio interest, to transmit to the Senate a copy of the agree- ment signed by Messrs. Kellogg, Her- rick and Logan during the past week at the conference of the allied and Government Experts Try to Aid America’s Infant Dye Industry Anaysis by Government experts of the drastic slump into which America’s war-born domestic dye industry was plunged during the past year has dis- closed some Interesting reasons as- signed for the depression. One of the important factors was the prevalling demand among women of fashion for light colored cloth The modes of the season called for white dresses or pale, tinted frocks, as com- pared with the gaudy colorings of the previous year, dye authorities claim, As a result one of America's chief sources of dye consumers dwindled markedly. According to the Tariff Commission the quantity of domestic dyes sold dur- ing the first nine months of 1924 de- clined more than one-fourth from the total for that perfod of the previous year. Financlal receipts from all the sales fell off one-third. To the country’s infantile dye indus- try this is a serfous setback. But au- thorities have no reason to believe that the relapse is permanent. The principal reason given by the dye manufacturers for the decrease in sales was the reduction in activity of the textile and other big dye-consuming industries But other interesting reasons also are cited. Keen competition among the domestic producers themselves had a cut-throat tendency, it seems. The Tarlff Com- mission is {nformed that this competi- tion was so bitter at times that a num- ber of the firms sold fheir products dur- ing 1924 not only at exact cost of produc- tion but in many instances below cost. ‘With the slackened demand for dyes it became a question of getting rid of the dyes at any cost. Another factor blamed for the un- heaithy condition among American dye manufacturers was the procrastination manifested by dye consumers, who an- ticipated a reduction in import duties on September 22 last. In accordance with the provistons of paragraph 28 of the tariff act of 1922, the ad valorem duty on dyes and finished coal tar products was re- duced on that date from 60 to 45 per cent, and the duty on Intermediate products was reduced from 55 to 40 per cent. The specific duty of 7 cents per pound on both groups of products remalned unchanged. In order that data may be available to study the effect of this reduction in duty, the tariff commission has completed recently a compilation of the total sales of domestic dyes for the first nine months of 1924 and 1923. These data, together with the sales for the whole year of 1924, which the commission is now gather- ing, and with the imports of dyes by months, will enable the commission to analyze further the effects of the reduction in the duty on dyes. The total sales of coal tar dyes of domestic manufacture for the first er”) not only to recover his old tuchun- ate of Chekiang, but to seize from Chl Hsieh Yuan the tuchunate-of Kiangsu,’ nine months of 1923. were about 6 500,000 pounds, valued at $36,500,000, hile the total lgs for the first nine months of 1924 were about 47,- 200,000 pounds, valued at $24,300,000. Sales by quantity for the first nine months of 192¢ represent a 27 per cent decline from those of 1923, while by value the reduction was 33 per cent. The average selling price far the first nine months of 1924 was 51 cents per pound, or about a 9 per cent de- cline from the price during the cor- responding period of 1923, which was 56 cents. The American dye industry sprung into existence on a large scale when Germany's great dye production mar-: kets were closed with the outbreak of the World War. Before the war America had depended almost en- tirely on the German dyes for fits clothing colors. With the complete shutting off of this supply, and the lack of immediate facilities for man- ufacturing coal tar dyes in this coun- try, the United States began import- ing great quantites of vegetable dyes. The war over and the need for powder, gas and other wartime chemical products ended, America found that she had the nucleus for great peacetime industries at hand. Th Dupont interests lost no time in turning their products of war into commodities of peace and other large chemical plants did the same. Fac- tories equipped for the manufacture of coal tar dyes were soon in active operation and thus was America’s war-time dye “baby” born. But, at the outset, the domestic dye industry struggled under a big handicap. Labor in this country was high and import duties on forelgn dyes were not high enough to pre- vent European manufacturers from selling their dyes here at a cost lower than American factories could produce the same dyes. Labor over- Seas was cheap, while here wages were mounting steadily. Then came the struggle between domestic producers and foreign dye manufacturers over the duty on im- ported dyes. It was virtually a life and death fight for the American in- terests, with Congress as the judge. The domestic industry was not greatly satisfied with the result, which was the provisions of the tariff act of 1922 making effective on September 22 last the reductions in duty on imported dyes. Tarift Heavy Blow. According to the chemical division of the United States Department of Commerce, the result will be a ter- rific blow to the American dye busi- ness. The important research work, which has been bearing wonderful fruits, will be almost stifled and the manufacture of a number of Ameri- can dyes will be greatly curtailed. The direct effect of the tariff re- duction has not yet been sensed. The Department of Commerce admits it is a grave problem, but looks to the indomitable spirit of American industry to overcome all obstacles and come out on top of the heap, anyway, . motive surrenders to the ment of rallroad lines has always been held to be a serlous recourse, and often has been Courts ordinarily have decided that an unproductive branch line cannot be aban- doned, if the entire system Is earning sufficient to carry the unproductive lines. motor. Abandon- (Copyright, 19: The Story the Week Has Told assoclated powers in the World War relating to the Dawes plan and the payment of reparations by Germany, together with such other information respecting the circumstances sur- rounding the negotlation and execu- tion of the agreement as may be rele- vant to a full understanding of its terms.” That a mighty debate Is toward would seem to be Indicated by the fact that the above quoted resolution was adopt- ed after Secretary Hughes had issued a communique, approved by the Pres- ident, explaining the Paris agreement and containing the following: “The agreement reached at Paris *** does not provide for sanctions or deal with any question that might arise If the contemplated payments should not be made. With respect to any such con- tingency, the agreement at Paris puts the United States under no obligation, legally or morally, and the United States will be as free as it ever was to take any course of action it thinks advisable.” The thought of the possibilities of logomachy opened out by the Senate resolution is an appalling one. And there is s0 much else demanding at- tention—Appropriation bills, the Turk- ish treaty, the commercial treaty with Germany, "the World Court proposals, Muscle Shoals, postal salaries increase, rellef for the farmers, the Supreme Court and the national banks, etc. On January 20, the Senate adopted, 40 to 30, the majority report of its Tea- pot Dome investigating committee, which report condemns the leasing of the naval oil reserve lands to E. L. Do- heny and Harry F. Sinclair, and in particular the part played therein by Albert B. Fall. The Isle of Pines treaty has been under discussion again by the Senate, and some are optimistic enough to expect in this sesslon final action thereon which should have been taken in 1904, Now, as of old, it faces the men- ace of a filibuster. The President favors ratification. Senator Borah, chairman of the foreign relations com- mittee, opposes it. The treaty embodies acknowledgment by our Government of that sovereignty which is being exer- cised by Cuba. On January 20, M. Jusserand ceased to be French Ambassador to the United States. Ambassador Riano of Spain, who has been with us since 1910, suc- ceeds him as dean of the diplomatic corps at Washington. Nurmi, the Finn, continues to break two or three records every other day. He appears to be the greatest long- distanee runner the world has seen. A Mongoloid, 1 believe. Now what are we Nordics going to do about that? L Miscellaneous—The British sub- marine X-1, the largest submarine in the world, has just been completed. Her length is 350 feet. She is said to carry five b-inch guns. 3 Gen. Primo Derivera, president of the Spanish military directorate, who for several months has been directing military operations In the Spanish zone of Morocco, has returned to Spain. Hostillties continue in the zone be- tween Spanish troops and the Ri- fernos. On January 18, direct cable con- nection between Spain and the United States was established for the first time (via one of the Azores: The Spanish terminal is at Malaga. Eventually there will be an exten- sion thence to Anzio on the Italiand coast south of Rome. On January 17 the Italian Chamber passed the electoral reform bill, 268 to 19 and thereupon adjourned. The action of the Itallan Senate thereon will be awaited with interest. The University of Naples has been closed because of constant clashes between Facisti and anti-Facisti stu- dents. There is a report that the Natlonal Assembly of Albania has unanimously proclaimed that country a republic. Trotsky has been relieved of his job as chairman of the revolutionary war council of the central executive com- mittee of the communist party of Russia (in effeot, minister of war). He has also been formally censured in the severest terms by the execu- tive committee and warned that, if he continues to give offense he will be fired from the political bureau and the executive committee. So the great triumvirate, Zinoviev, Kammenev and Stalin, have won. For the time at least. A treaty which provides for re- sumption of diplomatic relations be- tween Japan and Russia was signed at Peking by representatives of those powers on January 20. The Japanese foreign trade of 1924, of a total value of about $2,250,000,000, showed an adverse balance of .about $350,000,000. The ven has fallen about 20 per cent on exchange within 12 months. Unemployment and social unrest are increasing in Japan. The internatlonal opfum conference at Geneva continues to have very, very hard sledding. The delegates are all “honorable men” eager to end the dismal traffic, but there is pro- found difference of opinion as to ways and means, Howe About Praising the Ladies; Being Too Good; Abie and Mac. BY E. W. HOWE, “The Sage of Potato Hill” INCE time began every writer and orator has tried for fame with splendid praise of the la- dies and abuse of the men. It is generally believed the most .asting writing and public speaking may be done with these themes. This abuse of the men has done them good; it has made them more modest than they would otherwise have been. Without it, possibly the men would have become unbearable, as they are, almost, now. Such virtues as men possess is due to this splendid abuse showered upon them. But the gen- eral praise of women has done them some harm. Every woman extracts her share of compliments from liter- ature and does not always deserve them. I know a proud woman who has no other reason for pride than her sex. Her husband is more hum- ble and a better fellow. The wife makes a speclalty of being superior to her husband and isn’t. All the neighbors like the husband best. They have a colored woman working for them and she is always fussing about the family. Some one asked her what the husband did that was so mean. “It ain’t him” ghe said; “it's her.” * k¥ % Like most men, I recieve proper training from women. For more than 60 years I have been blushing for my sex. 1 am old now and better be- haved than I have been, but if a strange woman should approach me and say: “Ed, aren't you ashamed of yourself?” I think I should reply that Iam. * ok ok x T recently attempted a “story” and already I am being picked at because of the ending. Why pick on me? Stories always end lamely, T Among business men there is a say- ing, “Take only what the traffic will bear. It is a good maxim. In every rela- tion of life, if you take only what the traffic will bear, you will pass as an honest man. No man can be entirely honest, en- tirely intelligent, or devote all his time to good work: he must take what the traffic will bear, in order to sain a living, There will be some dissataisfaction if you take only that, 5o be prepared to prove that vou took no more than is allowed by the rules men Ve uni- versally adopted. A man must avold being too good. I have just read a book containing tributes to Eugene Debs. Twenty- six poets sing In his honor. Hundreds of others say Mr. Debs is about the most unselfish of human beings, that he is entirely devoted to doing good. I am convinced from reading the book that Eugens Debs is a good man; indeed, he got into trouble be- cause of being too good; In the course of giving away money that didn’t be- long to him, he landed in jail. When I realize the big things men have accomplished and have had no part, I confess F-am awed as a critic. And as a very general rule, the men who have accomplished the big results we point to with pride, have taken only what the traffic will bear. The objection to a thief is he takes it all; an honest man is one who takes only a fair share. A critic lately said (intending an insult) that no great genius is re- quired to succeed in business. There is actually a lot of truth in the statement: The old fathers of business made good rules, and any one who follows them may succeed. One of the best of the rules is: “Don’t charge more than the traffic will bear.” And the old trail blazed many cen- turies ago is buing followed pretty steadily today, except that it has been greatly improved; in which I| The old trail has become a high- " way of concrete; On one side of it is a steam rail- - road; On the other side a street rallwa: And above an airplane And the new men, working under - new oonditions, charge only what the trafic will bear, as they have a right to. There {s no other honesty. trafic with customers, acquaintances, members buyers, sellers you are entitled to a fair profi And give a profit as cheerfully as you take. ok en A dramatic critic has just assailed the people because one Fritz Leiber 1s neglected in “Macbeth,” while “Able’s Irish Rose” Is doing well. Where did this critic get the notion that he has been appointed to tell the people what they should like and . dislike in plays? I have seen a good many of Shake- speare’s plays, by the best actors. If I do not greatly care for them and do wish to see “Abie’s Irish Rose,’ because I have heard much of it and have a curiosity to see what it is like, It 18 amazing impudence for a dramatio critic to say I am dull, un- appreclative of the best things and one of the Herd, or Rabble Let Fritz Leiber take his chances with “Macbeth,” but if the people do not like him in the role he should swallow his medicine like a man, and not induce his friend of the dramatic columns to whine. Such whining will only cause the people to dislike Fritz Leiber and . Shakespeare more and give “Abje's Irish Rose” further free advertising it possibly does not deserve. x ok * Wise thing found among my letters “I notice that the Standard Oil Co has for department heads unob- trusive, quiet men; good and faith- ful servants; the Standard company does not want Live Wires among its employes.” Cut this out and show it to those of your acquaintances de- voting' too much time to the Live Wire stunt. The Live Wire specialist is usually {n training for politics, and there is some hope that within 10 or 20 years the political profes- slon will be prohibited by law, as is saloon keeping. * ¥ % % In Kansas 25 failed banks have re- sumed business lately, and nine others are preparing to resume. The farmers have big crops, prices are high, and are able to pay their neg- lected obligations. Already the farm- ers are being urged to buy liberally, and make “times better.” On the con- trary, they should put their affairs in better order for another rainy day. * % % % A man in New York offers to send me, for a dollar, a book outlining a ' daily course of reading. I wouldn't have the book if he should offer to give It to me; nothing would induce me to adopt a dally course in reading; such a task would be a silly bore. , The proper way to read is to browse , in whatever comes your way, easily and naturally. In course of time a man who adopts this haphazard plan will pick up all the literary material -+ he capable of digesting. The book for which I am asked to pay a dollar would probably recom- mend reading I wouldn't care for, and could not understand. Every man has different taste. Some books 1 cannot understand, and I properly avoid these, Some books recommend subjects as important that are fool- ish to me. These I should also avoid, and do. More than three-quarters of . what we call literature is foollsh: the other quarter fs valuable, and every man must acquire it in his own Cologne Decision to Obstruct Many European Adjustments (Continued from First Page.) from the Rhine and within her own frontiers within the fixed time—that is, by 1935—and. I include in this statement the Sarre, as well as the Rhineland, for I do not believe there will be any likelihood that the Sarrols will elect” French instead of German citizenship, if Furopean peace is to be assured, even for a reasonable length of time, I think you do no more than state what is axiomatic. On the other hand, if you say that France will not retire from the Rhine, much less the Sarre, unless she has some guarantee of British aid In case of a French-German ag- gression, you are, I think, egain stating what is an obvious truth. The question then becomes one of the forms of guarantee which Britain will give, for it is necessary that there be such a guarantee. And it is to a settlement of this supreme issue between France and Britain in the next few months, while the ques- tlon of the evacuation of Cologne is still pending, that all Franco-British negotiations must now move. Debts and all other circumstances are sub- ordinate and relatively unimportant. If the question be not adjusted in & fashion which meets’ with the as- sent of both peoples than the Dawes plan may as well be dismissed as finished, the hope of any slow but steady evolution of Germany toward a real democracy and away from the idea of a war of revenge must be abandoned. War may not come soon, but war must come eventually, and meantime all Europe will be reor- ganized on the basis of this eventual conflict, with nations taking partners as their interests may determine. War Would Peril Britain. But such a war, even if it left Britain neutral, would be a terrible disaster for the British, for it would close European markets, abolish European purchasing power and it might, in case of German victory, re- vive all the perils for Britain which brought her into the last struggle. If France were forced to leave the Rhine without any guarantee the sit- uation might be equally hazardous, for it would be an obvious invitation to Germany to prepare the war of revenge, which she must think of, since for her it means the recovery of lost lands and lost power. It wa: after all, the belief that Britain would not intervene before, which led Germany to go to limits which made return peacefully impossible when British policy was at last dis- closed. Similar ignorance for the future might well have the same fatal consequences. That Britain would, in the end, be driven to come to the aid of Bel- sium and France in case of a new war is, I believe, certain. T think most Britons would agree to this, not as a matter of sentiment, of course, but as a matter of self-interest. But they feel that this fact should be suf- ficiently clear to the French and Bel- giums to silence their doubts and to answer their demands for a specific contractual obligation. But the French and Belgians will not take the chance, and the French, if they lack the contract, will not merely stay on the Rhine indefinitely, but also extend and cement their al- lances all- over- Europe, while Ger- many, as I have said, must in ths end follow a similar policy. Then, when Europe has recovered health and strength and forgotten the horrors of the last war, when a new generation, which indeed knew nothing of these horrors, arrives, we may well expect a new Armageddon. Until it is clear not go without that France will her guarantee, it is wholly probable that British policy will continue to evade the giving of any such guarantee, but in the end I venture the guess that the fact will be established. Meantime the lssus thus raised is the most important single problem of Europe in the pres- ent year. (Copyright, 1925.) - Disputes Are Stirred By Foreign Affairs (Continued from First Page.) tlon. He might show many instances of sharp and frequently bitter dis- cord between Presidents and Senators. “Believe me, the American people are likely for many yvears to accom- plish through this means their com- pacts with mankind. The checks and balances by which it is surrounded. the free and full debate which it al- lows are in their eyes virtues rather than defects. They rejoice in the fact that all engagements which affect their destinies must be spread upon the public records, and that there is not, and there never can be, a secret treaty binding them either in law or in morals. Looking back upon a dip- lomatic history which s not without its chapters of success, they feel that, on the whole, the scheme the fathers builded has served the children well. With a conservation in matters of government as great perhaps as any people in the world, they will suffer - much in convenience and run the risk of occasional misunderstanding before they make a change.” “Red’ Negroes in Russia. . The recent visit of the delegation of British trade unionists to Russia has been followed by the arrival of an African negro delegation. The Bolsheviks are conducting @ negro propaganda extensively and a special “Red” negro section has been at- . tached to the Third International. Funds, literature and instructions are sent regularly to the remotest villages - in Atrica and India. ] Not at All Loquacious. From the Philadelpbis Public Ledger. That we have a President who medl- tates before he spegks and is senten- tious instead of loquacious is to the advantage of the country; and why" Should he wear his heart upon his- sleeve for Dawes to peck at? ) Not to Be Spared. from the New York Herald-Tribune, Let us hope that in operating ou Gen. Dawes the surgeons did not cut off his vocabulary.