Diario las Américas Newspaper, March 9, 1958, Page 14

HH } iu 5 it ions | Inter - American News for English - Speaking people 5th YEAR @ & SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Mapacine Editor . W. SMITH co President THE AMERIBAS DAILY 8. SMITB Vice President ORACIO AGUIRRE Lt Vieo President Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gémez Advt. & Cire Mer. Publishes daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miam) Springs Ma: op February 8 1950, EDITORIAL SEVERE TEST FOR THE CUBAN PEOPLE Political events in Cuba, tragic in great part, have entered lately a phase delicate in extreme, which is to be hoped will result in a patriotic and democratic solution for that noble Antilian people, with the complete recovery of their rights as soon as possible, and within a climate of serenity and good judgment, as circumstances permit. In the face of the existing serious crisis, which not even the Government tries to deny any more, a crisis which determined the dramatic call made by the Venerable Cuban Episcopate, in the sense of suggesting formation of a National Unity Government which may rescue Cuba from chaos; in the face of that situation, we repeat, it is indispensable that patriotism and practical wisdom that are a duty both for the Government and for the opposition, inspire the acts and purposes of the work for restoration of democracy in the long-suffering Fatherland of Marti. After all that has happened; after so much violence and bloodshed, both in the battlefields and the streets of the capital, as well as almost all Cuban cities, rehabilita- tion of the country is no easy task. However, if the sense of patriotism prevails; if each and everyone put aside tran- sitory interests for the sake of restoring the ideals of the Republic; if the noble spirit and thought elightened by the Apostle who died in Dos Rios inspire and encourage the national movement which must be produced to save Cuban democracy, to solve the depressing crisis of the moment, that political rehabilitation would not be so dif- ficult. The history of the Cuban people and their ardent desire for living in freedom and for freedom, are evidence of their sense of responsibility; and it is to be hoped that this sense will not be lacking even for a moment, now that the attitude of the people, interpreted by the Bishops of the Nation, is determining events which justify the hope of prompt rectifications in the political life of the Republic. It is to be hoped that the Government, in the part corresponding to it, conscious of its historic responsibilities, will make easier the democratic reorganization of Cuba, so that sacrifices of youth will stop and hate will not continue growing, for the wellbeing of all the Cuban people, which includes, after all, both those in the Government and those fm the immense sector of the opposition. kk kk wk * Latin American Finance and Trade News Reports U. S. Cuban Sugar Council Asks | For Trade Agreement Extension WASHINGTON (UP)— The United States Cuban Sugar Coun cil has urged Congress to extend the President’s tariff regulating powers for five years as a means of expanding U.S. — Cuban trade. The Council also asked Congress to strike out an amendment which would make it possible for U.S. import duties to be raised 50 per cent over 1930 Tariff Act rates. The amendment was proposed by the Administration when it asked for a five year extension of the Reciprocal Trade Agrements Act. In a statement filed with the house ways and means committee, the Council said “Cuba is currently engaged in revising its tariff laws and will shortly be negotating with the United States concérning pro| posed changees applicable to U. S. products. i ‘It is important that the United States remain i a position to ne gotiate effectively, as provided for in the reciprocal Trade Agrer ments Act, so as to facilitate fur ther increases in trade between the two countries,” the Council said, The Council is composed of Com- panies which own or operate su- gar properties in Cuba, The stock- holders are predominantly U.S. ci- tizens, a Coun¢i; spokesman said. The spokesman said Council com- panies account for approximately 35 per cent of the total Cuban gugar output. The Ways and Means Commit- tee has been holding a series of hearings on the Administration- backed bill for extending the Trade Agreements aAct. Hershey Cuban Interests Sold For More Than $24 Million NEW YORK (UP)— Cubam At lantic Sugar Co., currently liquidat ing its assets, announced it has sold its Hershey properties to Chi Tiqui Sugar Mills Corp. for $24, 500,000 The Hershey properties consist of six subsidiary companies. The sale price included $5 million in cash and $19,500,000 in shortterm collateral trust notes. Liquidation plans were approved by stockhold ers earlier this week. Cuben Atlantic Chairman John L. Loeb said that in the next year company stockholders will receive liquidating distributions from the _ Broceeds of the Hershey sale, the cash and securities, and the stock of Compafiia Azucarera Atlantica del Golfo its main operating sub sidiary. He added that initial liquidating distribution shculd be made this spring. MEXICAN GOVT. RESTRICTS IMPORTS OF USED CARS MEXICO CITY. —(UP).— The Government announced that auto- mobiles made prior to 1953 will be barred from entering México across the United States border. The Department of Economy said that henceforth. the México- U.S. border will be closed to cars of 1952 or older models. The announcement said only Me- xicans living in border towns will be permitted to drive vintage autos into México, and even then in limited numbers. The move is part of a campaign) to stop the sale of second hand cars in México, on which no im- port duties are paid. A special Automobile Registry Bureau was set up to register all motor vehicles made after 1952. The border closure is an attempt to stop the illegal sale of cars which will not be registered. CUBAN SUGAR SALES TO RUSSIA EXPECTED TO INCREASE IN 1958 WASHINGTON (UP) The United States Commerce Depart- ment said that the Cuban sugar- grinding season started in January a month earlier than usual, with a lower price outlook for sugar and molasses in 1958, and prospects for cqntinued sales to Russia. Seven sugar mills previously owned by United States interests were sold to Cuban interests dur- ing january, reducing the num- ber of American-operated mills from 40 to 33. The remaining Unit- ed States-owned mills produced about 39 per cent of the 1957 Cub- an sugar crop. The Commerce Department’s Foreign Commerce Weekly said that the Russian Government pur- chased 100,000 Spanish long tons of Cuban sugar for February-April delivery at 3.65 cents per pound, freight on board Cuba. “Rumors were strong toward the end of January that Russia was negotiating the purchase of an ad- ditional 200,000 tons of Cuban su- gar,” the weekly stated. The Cuban Government has is- sued a decree limiting the 1958 | of democracy in America, not mre Meee Nee Eisenhower, Relations in WASHINGTON, March 8 (UP)— President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles have -great interest in pro- moting closer relations with the Western Hemisphere Republics, Roy R. Rubottom, Assistant Sec- retary of State for Latin Ameri- can Affairs told Latin American TEMPERATURE | I The Non-Intervention Princinle And The Encouragement of Democracy Because it is of special current interest, we repro- _ duce our commentary of ap- proximately eight months ago, which appeared in our edition of June 30, 1957. When there is a desire to forestall any possible _stimula- tion of continental democracy, or when there is no wish to as- sume the ideological and the moral responsibilities that such encouragement of democracy im- plies, in order to avoid problems with certain governments, the argument is invoked that the validity of the Non-Intervention Principle does not leave any door open that could lead to an attitude on the part of the dem- ocratic governments of the Hem- isphere, and especially on the part of the United States, in the sense of making democracy in America move toward progress, The reason is well known why certain governments maintain this thesis, applying an errone- ous interpretation to it, because under such interpretation it fa- vors them immensely, inasmuch as it permits them to discharge the Public Administration in an arbitrary manner while at the same time they speak of dem- ocracy in international confer- ences, they sign doctrinal docu- ments eloquently drafted and, above all, they enjoy the ap- proving observation of the other governments of America, even if the glances of the peoples of the continent are not of ap- proval but rather of recrimina- tion. The only explanation possible to this leniency on the part of the democratic governments that blindly take refuge under the Non-Intervention Principle and watch with unfaithful indiffer- ence the crises faced by dem- ocracy in some of the countries of América, is that it is far easier for them to act in such way rather than engage in a coordinated endeavor for the defense of sister nations and for the defense, consequently, of the democratic ideals. Of course, this argument is not a justification, ~The demo- cratic governments and coun- tries have the moral obligation to stimulate the implementation only for the benefit of those coun- tries lacking political freedom, but also as a measure of self- defense, because the machinery of the whole Inter-American System suffers from such irreg- ularities and there is the risk that the malady may develop in other latitudes of the Hemi- sphere. It is just the case that no one can remain indifferent when the neighbor’s premises burn down. Regarding the consecrated Non-Intervention Principle, it is indispensable to establish the basic difference existing between unilateral intervention, resulting from the whims of a certain government or of a certain coun- try, and the collective action of several governments, when that action is based on a series of international rules, of ideological principles and, particularly, of agreements solemnly subscribed by the Governments of America on hehalf of all the peoples of the Continent. It is a collective action previously’ agreed: upon, that can well be carried through wisely, without the use of physi- cal force. The statesmen and the diplo- matic representatives of the United States and Latin Ameri- ca genuinely desirous of achiev- ing a sound and well-intentioned collective action for the defense of the political rights of the peoples of Latin America, could reach such noble objective with- sugar erop to 5,500,000 Spanish long tons, out violating the essence of what \ is historically known in Amer- For a better understandin Dulles Have Great Interest in Closer Hemisphere diplomats at an informal luncheon here. One of the diplomats told the U.P. after the dinner that the Lat- in Americans “heard with great pleasure” Rubottom’s statement, The luncheon was the second such meeting of OAS ambassadors, who have decided to periodically hold informal meetings to ex- change viewpoints on mutual pro- blems. At the end of the meeting it was decided that Dr. José A Mora, OAS Secretary General, should be the guest of honor for the next one. Rubottom seemed to be satis- fied with the increasing interest Congress is taking in Latin Ameri- can affairs. He said, however, that the Government expects strong op- position for legislative approval of foreign aid, because of the eco- nomy tendency in the country now. He explained some measures the Government is taking to end the economic crisis. He asked the Latin American diplomats to try to understand the reasons some USS. legislators have for requesting increases on im- port duties on some articles, me- tals in particular, but insisted that the State Department continues maintaining a liberal attitude on foreign economic policies. NIXON‘S VIEW ON LATIN AMERICA HIT TALLAHASSEE (UP)—,A po- litical scientist Friday accused Vice President Richard Nixon of a “shocking shallowness” in his un- derstanding of Latin American re- lations with this country. Dr. Philip B. Taylor of Tulane University said that articles writ- ten by Nixon following a 1955 tour of Central American and Carib- bean areas contained “false and ridiculous” statements, Addressing the annual South- eastern Conference on Latin Ame- rican Studies here, Dr. Taylor drew a roar of laughter from fellow de- legates when he quoted Nixon as saying the U.S. and Panama “have a tradition of friendly and peace- ful cooperation (and) for over 50 years have satisfactorily resolved mutual problems.” Whereas, Taylor said, this coun- try has “very little in common with Latin American countries his- torically, economically or political- ly and “history is spotted with dif- ficult situations which have not been solved in a friendly manner.” He said “where the U.S. and Pa- anama have gotten along is in times when we controlled the do- mestic-political situation of Pana- ma”. He said the relationship could be likened to that of Soviet Russia and Czechoslovakia. He said none of Nixon’s articles “are indicative of any understand- ing on the vice president’s part of the true situation and they show a shocking shallowness on his part of U.S-Panamanian relations. He called Nixon’s statements “bland and meaningless genera- lizations.” ica as the Non-Intervention Principle. When it was decided, reason- ably enough, to combat Com- munism in Guatemala, the much handled Non-Intervention Prin- ciple was not erected as a phan- tom, to oppose a firm and sus- tained attitude of all the Gov- ernments of America that discus- sed the internal problems of Guatemala in notes exchanged between Chancelleries and in public declarations. As it is recalled, the Meeting of the Min- isters of Foreign Affairs was not held as a result of the quick downfall of the pro-Communist regime of Guatemala. The conscience of America stood up firmly against the poli- ey of intervention followed by the United States in the initial decades of this century, and the concept on which that attitude found support is still valid, but, of course, only in those cases where the circumstanees are similar to the ones that at that time caused such popular reac- tion and indignation. Let not a historical fact, the sentiment of nations, a serious juridical rule, as is everything related to the Non-Intervention Principle, be twisted around to produce a negative instrument that may slow down the demo- cratic progress of America. Scores Killed in Worst Rail Disaster in Brazil History RIO DE JANEIRO, March 8, — (UP).—An engineer who failed to heed a warning smashed his train into three other stalled trains at a suburban station north of Rio de Janeiro last night causing one of the worst fail disasters in Bra- zilian history, police said today. Rescue worker had recovered 36 bodies up ‘to’ this: morning and four more persons died in hospi- tals, bringing the death toll to 40. Some newspapers said the death toll might go as high as 80. Authorities at first believed only three trains were involved, But today they said three electric trains were stalled on the tracks by a rain and hail storm near Pacencia station and a fourth bar- reled into them. They said a station master at Campo Grande, the station next to Paciencia, warned the engineer of the fourth train to slow down be- cause of the weather but the en- g between’ the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA, SUNDAY, MARCH 9, 1958, to Dictato by Outstan NEW YORK, March 8—(UP).— German Arciniegas, ex-Minister of Education’ of Colombia, educator and writer, in an article published by the European magazine ‘“West- ern World” says there are three types of communists in Latin America; two of them created by imagination and the other one real, Of the two that “evidently pre- vail in Latin America more than are: —“The communism of which dictators speak when they wish to reinforce their despotic govern- ments with arms from the United States”, he affirms. —Second, the “Communism” of the American: industries with a philosophy which can be expres- sed in these terms: what te Amer- ican investor does not approve, that -is Communism”’. —Of real communism in Latin America Arciniegas affirms its strength is very limited, although} gineer apparently ignored it. “The Washington Post”, lead- ing newspaper in the US. capital,| recently published an editorial on) U.S.-Latin American relations, un- der the title “OUR RESTIVE NEIGHBORS”, which says: “Is the United States, through blindness and apathy, letting its) prestige dip to a perilous low in Latin America? The recent elec- tions in Argentina and Guatemala both showed a troubling common element, Candidates most friendly te the United States trailed badly, while. extremist critics of this country surged in strength. A sur-| vey of 20 Latin diplomatic missions in Washington, taken by United Press reporter Henry Raymont, shows dismaying results. Speaking off the record, Mr. Raymont re-| ports, the diplomats “are frustrat- ed and bitterly critical about what they term the apparent lack of interest of the men... guiding U.S. foreign policy”, “In a searching and cogent speech, Senator Smathers of Flo- rida put his finger on the crux of the matter: economics. Latin Ame- rica, rich in resources, in an area in a hurry to raise living stand- ards, rub out illiteracy and forge stable political institutions. Our neighbors want loans—and a fair chance to trade in the United States market. The United States has everything to gain by helping. Nearly every dollar that goes to Latin America comes back to the United States in the form of pur- jchase of our goods. “Yet, as Senator Smathers points out, this country seems to be drift- ing aimlessly in its response— and, by inaction, inviting Soviet he admits it is hard for the casual Washington Post Points Out Weak Spots on U. S. Hemispheric Policy has drenched in cold water most Latin suggestions for a broad de- velopment _program, without sug- gesting much of an alternative. Further it is widely believed that Argentina and Brazil were denied credits in Washington because both countries are determined to develop some resources by govern- ment monopolies. Is it any wonder that both countries resent this seeming dictation and are tenta- tively looking east for help denied in Washington? Isn’t it a sad com- mentary that more help was given | the anti-American Peron dictator-| ship than the pro-American Aram- | buru provisional regime in Ar- gentina? “Ip the marts of commerce, there is grave danger that the tourniquet of protection may choke off inter-American trade. The Unit- ed States has wisely given its bles- sings to the creation of a Latin American. common market. Yet, while urging free trade elsewhere, the Government has boosted “vo- luntary” oil import restrictions and is considering a sharp increase in lead and zine tariffs—all pri- mary Latin export commodities. Senator Smathers has suggested some form of direct subsidy for domestic industries in distress, ra- ther than the indirect subsidy of a tariff. This may not be the best solution, but at least there ought to be a conscientious search for a less mischievous remedy than the walling off of our ports. Pal- pably, there is need for construc- tive discussion. Much can be done, if the problem is faced. There are, Kipling said, 100 ways to build a tiger trap and all of them are good. The important point is to recognize in any other part of the world, | “Wrong Policy of Help rs Assailed ding Writer observer to arrive to conclusions }as Communism.in Latin America | operates in a clandestine manner. “Communism in Latin America, he continues, it is an attitude | fluctuating according to the reac- tions provoked by U.S. policy in the twenty southern Republics”. “The Good Neighbor Policy sponsored by Franklin D, Roose- velt, he adds, maintained com- | munists inactive, although their |actions were not illegal. But. the lack of comprehension demostrat- ; ted by Eisenhower’s two terms, on |the other hand, characterized by the tactless (John Foster) Dulles, has encouraged a pro Soviet at- titude. The greatest aid has been the wrong policy of Washington favoring the most extremist die- tators”. As an example to illustrate this “wrong” atttitude Arciniegas men- tions the cases of Argentina and Cuba. “Argentina gave a good demon- stration of faith and resolution in the ousting of Perén”, he affirms. “But when men responsible for the ousting faced the problem of re- habilitation of their country which Perén and empoverished and ruin- ed, no country came to. the rescue as it was done with other coun- tries. To understand how little has been done for Argentina let us re- call the help the United States gave to Italy after the war. He contimues, referring to the “tra- gedy in Cuba, the monst striking in the history of the Americas”. “There, he adds, the students have been the vanguard of a great movement, for a long time, to es- tablish liberty and functioning of a representative Government, so rudely curbed by General Batista. The whole country is supporting them, but Batista’s desire for power is so decisive that he will not surrender his office until he has bathed with blood the whole country and reduced it to ashes. “The ghost’s voice in the United States has not hesitated saying that Fidel Castro and the Cuban people behind him, are com- munists”, Areiniega declares”. ROJAS PINILLA’S AID ARRESTED IN BOGOTA BOGOTA, March 8. —(UP).— Colonel Daniel Cuervo Araoz, who was one of the men’ of trust of ex-General Gustavo Rojas Pinilas, was ‘arrested for the execution of Tito Orozco, ex-official of National police. Cuervo Araoz returned to Co- lombia about a week ago summon- ed by the National Government. Formerly he had been supervisor of Embassies in Central America. \ Tito Orozeo disappeared miste- riously years ago but his widow furnished. information of a per- sonal investigation, proving, she says, that her husband was shot The official investigation was opened after Rojas Pinillas’ oust- eaV—_———— + Member Inter American Press Association e é For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 208 .. WIN PENDLETON CAT OUT OF BAG? — The Fle: rida colony in Washington is bus ‘zing’ over an item that’ appeared in the society columns here last week. It was avout a party given for Mr, and Mrs, Claude Pepper and said in part: “The party was given to celebrate the opening of Mr. Pepper’s campaign in Florida for the seat now held by Senator Spessard Holland.” Speculation is that he didn’t mean for the item to appear -— that he would have chosen to make the announcement in Florida rather than at a Wash- ington cocktail party. Holland’s of fice seemed happy about the news, They appeared to be relieved to know what to expect — can now turn on their full plans for a hard hitting campaign, MIAM) AIR BOOM — Usually when a military installation moves out of an area. the economy. guf fers. But when the U.S, Navy givs up the airfield at Opa Locka ae resettles in Beaufort, S. C., it ig expected to open the door for amazing developments in the Mia mi area Three fields, now’‘occup ied by the military, will be turned over to the Dade County Port Au thority. The Development Commis sion estimates that within 10 years 27,650 new jobs will be created with an annual payroll reaching $189 million. Oniy sad note comes from the Navy personnel and em ployees’ at Opa Locka who don’t want to move away from Florida, FAME IS SPREADING — The speech by Congressman Billy Mat thews that. we wrote about last week did not go unnoticed, Con gressman Charlie Bennett already has submitted it to the Freedom Foundation for consideration for an annua) award. The foundation annually recognizes outstanding ar ticles and speeches, Also, Congress man Matthews was invited to re peat his speech before the con gregalion of one of Arlington's churches last Sunday morning, HER MAJESTY — Ann Davis is Florida’s Cherry Blossom Prine cess for 1958, She was elected at @ dinner staged by the Florida State Society here last week. Miss Davis, 23, is a crim brunette, is a secre tary in the office of Congressman Billy: Matthews. She was graduated. from the University of Florida in 1956 with a B.A. degree in Spa nish. She is the daughter of Mr, ~ and. Mrs A.H Davis, of Palatka and has worked for the Congress man for the past year. As Cherry Blossom Princess, she will be hon ored in all of the activities which center around annual Cherry Blos som Festival. On March 25th, prin cesses from 4f states will hold their breath while the “wheel of fortune” will’ select one to be crowned Cherry Blossom Queen for the nation. Subscribe to the ing, in whose government Cuervo was Governor of Caldas Depart- trade penetration into our very back yard. The State Department Colombian Church Hits Supporters of Laureano Gémez BOGOTA. (UP)..— The official Catholic newspaper, “El Catolicis- mo”, makes a strong attack on groups supporting ex-President Laureano Gémez, whom it accused directly of having insulted the Archbishop of Colombia, Crisan- to Cardinal Luque. “El Catolicismo” publishes an editorial that has been widely com- mented in political circles, since it appeared after the newspapers opposed to Gémez and ‘supporters of presidential candidate Guiller- mo Leén Valencia, began a cam- paign recalling criticism by Gé- mez of the Colombian Church. Conservatives have been tradi- tional supporters of the Catholic Church and the Episcopate. Almost simultaneously, the Archbishop of Medellin, Mons, Tu- lio Botero Salazar, excommunicat- yet, who attacked and threw stones wounding Fray Severo Vel: ez | in that city last Tuesday. The at- ed extremist groups, not identified | - that.a menacing tiger is afoot”. __HEMISPHERIC_ EVENTS | Latin American News in Brief tack was made when a group tried to enter the school directed by Fray Severo, to force the students to participate in a strike. The conservative newspaper “El Archbishop’s excommunication Colombiano” blames Gémez’ follow- ers for the attack, but the Arch- bishop’s excommunication state- ment says in the student strike “strange elements, some of marxist orientation, had infiltrated”. MEXICANS CAPTURE. MARIJUANA FOR US. MEXICO CITY. (UP)—Federal Narcotics Agents revealed the cap- ture of two tons of processed ma- rijuana, allegedly set for U. S. distribution from McAllen, Tex. The seizure was made at a ranch near Monterrey,-Nuevo Leén, agents said, and Jestis Torres was arrested. His brothers, Pedro and Matias, still are being sought in connection with the case. Col. Humberto Mariel, Federal Narcotics Police Chief, said Torres told investigators the narcotic: was destined for McAllen and that U. S. authorities had been advised. MEXICO-SWITZERLAND RAISE MISSIONS MEXICO CITY, —(UP).— The Department of Foreign Relations ment. announced that, México and Switz erland have agreed to elevate their respective diplomatic mis- sions to Embassies. © Accordingly, Mrs. Amalia de! Castillo Leddon has, been named Mexican Ambassador to Switzerl- and. She was formerly Ambas- sador to Sweden. Charles Eduard de Bavier, Swiss Minister to Mé- xico, will continue his duties as Ambassador. > The Foreign Relations Depart- ment also announced that Victor Alfonso Maldonado, Minister. to Turkey, has been named Ambas- sador to Sweden, replzcing Mrs. Amalia de Castillo Leddon. Francisco Vazquez Treserra, Me- xican Minister to Switzerland, will be the new Minister in Turkey. INTER AMERICAN HIGHWAY FUNDS WASHINGTON. —(UP).—. The: House Rules Committee paved the way for House action on a bill au- thorizing an additional $10,000,000 for the completion of the Inter- American Highway. Passage of the bill, and provi-| sion of the additional funds, will finance paving the road for the entire’ distance, H Committee report om the bill said; Americas Daily “The Committee believes the completion of the Inter-American Highway will result in an overall development of a stronger, freer and more enduring economy ‘iit the Central American countries through which the highway passes, It Fill also greatly enhance the transportation and development value of the Pan American Hi way system, built entirely by the Republic of México, entending from the southwest boundary of the U. S. to the connection with the Inter-American Highway at the northern boundary of Guaté mala”, $ = The bill is expected to be eak led up in the House later this week or early next week. oe RUGGED PATROLMAN SOUGHT? BY MEXICAN POLICE & .MEXICO CITY: (UP)— The pa lice department looked today for» rugged patrolman to take over the beat. on the dark streets near the” city’s drainage canal. eg Angel Villegas, who had the beat, has applied for a transfer, He was beaten up by three thugs who stole his watch, money and pistol amd then tossed him in the canal,