Diario las Américas Newspaper, January 24, 1957, Page 12

Inter - American News for English- Speaking people 4th YEAR G. A SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advertising and Circulation Mgr. c. W. Vice Pr esident 8. SMITH Vice President SMITH HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Manager Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor Leanne enn EEE Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956. no AAT ETS ‘EDITORIAL SPIRITUAL UNITY OF THE PEOPLES pa EEE EEE OF LATIN AMERICA The peoples of the Latin American countries constitute, in essence, a spiritual unit which is widely explained in their historic and ethnic origin, equality of language, religion, customs and culture. , It is important to take into consideration this spiritual unity, because, in the face of problems of world interest, in a general analysis of the great ethnic groups, this fact gives special characteristics to the Latin American nations and, speaking in universal terms, it has certain projections in the field of international affairs, : A few days ago there was a new example, of great significance, of that spiritual unity of Latin America. With the death of Gabriela Mistral, the _great poetess Chile gave to the world, all the Latin American peoples felt her demise as their own loss. In all the countries of the Americas of Iberian origin, as well as in Spain, the reports on the serious condition and subsequent death of Gabriela Mistral were received with grave concern. In all those places there have been emotive tributes of respect and admiration to the memory of the Great Teacher born in Chile, whose poetry and prose conquered fame. Of course, all through the civilized world, regardless of differences in historical origin, the death of Gabriela Mistral was reported and deeply felt, especially in the circles interested in cultural matters. In the United States, where she died, Gabriela Mistral was the object of multiple demons- trations of sympathy and esteem,.and the Washing- ton Government, in a well directed gesture of Inter American confraternity, sent a military plane, with special honors, to carry the remains of the illustrious poetess to her Chilean Fatherland. But, going back to the topic referred to in the title of this editorie note—Unity of the Peoples of Latin America—it is evident that a singular com- motion was felt in all the Spanish speaking countries with the news of the deplored death of Gabriela Mistral; because, for those countries, she was their own glory, a glory of the Castilian letters, a lofty value of what can be considered as the Spanish- American nationality. Inter American Economic Conference in Argentina is of Vital Importance BUENOS AIRES (UP)— The Inter-American Economic Confer- ence which will be held in Buenos Aires next August has already en- tered the phase of concrete pre- paration. Economie and financial problems of all countries of the American Continent will be discussed in the Assembly, born from a resolution of the 1948 Bogoté’s Inter-Ameri- can Conference, and which enjoys the backing of the Organization of American States (OAS). Argentine economic and diplo- matic circles give “capital import- ance” to the Conference, which, by its nature and perhaps for the time in which it will be held, could bring more fundamental solutions than those which the Conference of Ministers of the Treasury, held at Petropolis, Brazil, in 1954, tould give consideration. The provisional Agenda, which is now motive of analysis and discussion by the American gov- ernments, gives a general idea of the basic objectives: 1) — An American Economic Treaty. 2) — Concrete and viable form- ulae, which applications will favor the Latin American Economic-Fi- nancial Development. 3) — Modernization and De- velopment of all the Latin Ameri- can Transportation Systems. Late last year, Washington P. Bermidez, Secretary of the OAS Economic and Social Com- Aires mission, visited Buenos and other American capitals to hold interviews with the authori- ties in regard to the Agenda and preparations for the Conference, It has been informed here that the OAS will send, shortly, the de- finite Agenda to the American Ministries of Foreign Relations. On the other hand it is announe- ed that Luis Cardell, 0. A. S. of- ficial, will arrive in Buenos Aires in February, with the purpose of holding conversations with the Ar- gentinian authorities in regard to the practical organization of the Conference related to the site, translators service, documentation service, etc. which, since the United Nations began to func- tion, is a specialty which have contributed a lot to the success of this type of conferences. The Argentinian government has formed a special inter-Ministerial commission which meets periodic- ally to study all aspects of the Conference organization. It has been already decided that the Conference will meet at the Facul- ty of Laws and Social Science of the Buenos Aires University, where the meetings of the Eco- nomic Mission for Latin America and those of the United Nations Organization of Agriculture and Aliments, were held. The next meeting of this Com- mission takes place today. After the meeting it is expected that a communique will be issued to make public the purposes of the Conference, Peruvians Suffering Great Losses With Disastrous Drouahts in South LIMA, Jan. 28. —(UP)—To the eat loses suffered by agriculture and live stock raising in the south- ern zone of Peri, by the two con- secutive droughts, it must be add- ed the danger of another fifteen millions heads of cattle and sheep perishing in the same zone, if the absence of rain, between the months of January and April continues, This forecast is revealed in a report sent to the President of the Republic, Dr. Manuel Prado, by the Peruvian Sheep Breeders As- sociation, | According to the Report, if the drought continues in the south, about fifteen millions head of cat- tle and sheep, will die, without fig- uring the mortality, which it could bring about, in the country’s cen- tral range. A report from the Santiago de Chuca district, in the Cailloma pro- vince, Department of Arequipa, in- forms that, due to loss of pastures, ten thousands alpacas died of hun- ger in the district. The governor points out besides that the loss of pastures threatens extermination of the breed of Alpacas, Llamas, Vicugnas, ete. in the province, For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., THURSDAY, JANUARY 24, 1957 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ ARGENTINA — During two and a half centuries the colony of La Plata River was under the juris- diction of the Viceroyalty of Peri, which jealously restricted both its political and economic life. With Pert’s powerful and aristocratic capital, Lima, the Argentine cities of Cérdoba, Mendoza, Salta and Tucum4n maintained far closer re- Tations than with Buenos Aires. That city, which was to become first the capital of the Viceroyalty of Rio de La.Plata and later of the Argentine Republic, lacked both prestige and wealth until well into the 18th. century. The entire colony suffered from Spain’s monopoly on trade and commerce until 1713, when King Philip V succeeded to the throne and granted important commer- cial concessions. Permits for direct trade between Spain and the co- lonies were issued for the first time in 1720, and Buenos Aires be- gan to rise to importance as a great seaport. Since early colonial days, the dispute between Spain and Portug- al over the boundaries of Brazil and Rio de La Plata had caused frequent conflicts which threaten- ed the security of the Spanish co- lony until the question was final- ly settled by the Treaty of San Ildefonso in 1777, However, con- tinuing threats of invasion by the English and French called for a strong establishment to protect the colony and.constituted an im- portant motive for the decision of the Spanish Crown to make La Plata a Viceroyalty. The long neglected colony was established as the Viceroyalty of the Rio de La Plata by Charles III in 1777, despite the protests of Peri and Chile. The new vicero- yalty incorporated 4 provinces se- parated from Peri and one from the Captaincy General of Chile, to- gether .with the provinces of Bue- nos Aires, Tucumén, Paraguay, Montevideo, and Misiones. This large domain had the same form of political organization as the other three viceroyalties of Méxi- co, Peri and New Granada. The Viceroy was the highest authority and represented the King in the colony. Subject to him were the governments of the provinces. Eight intendancies were es- tablished: within the -viceroyalty, each with an intendant whose functions were judicial, financial and military, Two other important bodies were the “cabildo” and the “audiencia.”’ The former was a municipal organization with ad- ministrative functions comparable to a city council; the latter was a tribunal of justice. In addition, the Viceroyalty of La Plata had an army, a royal trea- sury, a custom house and a tribun- al of commerce. During the brief period of the Viceroyalty, from 1777 to 1810, the colony enjoyed its greatest economic prosperity, between the years 1792 and 1796, as a result of the liberal trade con- cessions granted by King Charles II. The port of Buenos Aires was opened to Spanish shipping, vessels no longer being restricted to one. port of clearance from Spain and one port of entry to the Indies, as all the Spanish co- lonies in the Americas were call- ed. Trade between the Spanish colonies was also thrown open, and later extended to the colonies of foreign nations. The provincial iso- lation of La Plata was at an end. Spanish Version Page 3 (Continued tomorrow) 17 Nicaraguans Await Sentence MANAGUA, Nicaragua, Jan. 23 (UP)— Seventeen of the 22 per- {sons charged with complicity in the assassination of President Anastasio Somoza today awaited verdicts in the case. Five were acquitted of all char- ges as the two-week trial drew to a close yesterday. Under Nicaraguan Martial Court rules, the entire .re- cord of the trial went before a Re- viewing Authority, and final ver- dicts and sentences of the court will be published after the review- ing authority ends its examination. Somoza died in a Panamé hospi- tal Sept. 29, eight days after he was shot during a dance celebrating his nomination for another president- ial term. He had ruled Nicaragua for 20 years, twenty one American countries. MEXICO, COSTA RICA, HEAD OAS COMMITTEE—Dr, Luis Quintanilla, Mexican Ambassador to the Organization of American States (right) and Costa Rican Ambassador Gonzalo J. Facio, in a friendly chat at the Pan American Union, shortly after the two diplomats were elected as President and Vice Presi- dent, respectively, of the Legal and Political Affairs Committee of the OAS, which is composed of (Photo PAU) Investments in WASHINGTON, Jan. 23 (UP)— A survey made by the United States Department of Commerce about direct investments of private ve ls that the most significant tendency. of that area, in the post- war period, is the expansion of in- dustrial manufacturing enterpri- ses, Manufacturing is, after oil, the industry in which United States capitalists have invested a greater amount of funds. Three hundred U. S. companies and 1,000 subsidiaries of Latin America, answered the question- aire sent to them by the Commerce Department. The answers show that total in- vestments in 1955 were $6,556,- 000,000 according to the books of the companies. The companies which answered the questionaire represent four fifths of the total number of North American companies working in Latin America. The total value of investments must be more than $7,000,000,000 for all companies. Total direct North-American in- vestments in Latin America in 19- 55 was twice as much as those of 1946 and more than triple as those of 1919. Grancolombiana Gets 8 Shins NEW YORK, Jan. 3 (UP)— Alvaro Diaz, President of the Grancolombiana Merchant Fleet, announced that the company will get eight new ships during the next two years, The ships, which will be of the 7,500-ton class, are being built in Europe. The Stuelcken Shipyards, in Hamburg, is building four, and the Eleano Shipyards, in Sevilla, Spain, the other four. Diaz said the new ships will be used to increase operations of the Line, which include service to the principal Peruvian ports, begin- ning February 15. YMA SUMAC TO GET DIVORCE MEXICO CITY (UP)—- Singer Yma Sumac said today she plans “|to divorce her composer-manager husband Moses ‘Vivanco for “per- sonal reasons.”- The Peruvian Indian singer not- ed for the wide range of her voice, said “We will remain friends” and that Vivanco would continue to handle her affairs. POTTER RETURNING TO CANAL ZONE MEXICO CITY (UP)— Maj. Gen. William E. Potter, Governor of the Canal Zone, arrived here euroute back to Panama from a visit in the United States. He was met at the airport by Brig. Gen. T. F, Van Natta, U.S. Military attache here, Great Increase of U. $. Capital U. S. capital in Latin America, re- | Latin America Direct investments in Latin America manufacturing enterpri- ses increased from $84,000,000 in 1919 to $399,000,000 in 1946 and to $1,366.000,000 in 1955. Total investments in other fields were: AGRICULTURE — 1919, $500,- 000,000; 1946, $407,000,000 (fell down during the depression); and 1955, $598,000,000. MINING AND FOUNDRY—1919, $661,000,000; 1946, $506,000,000; and 1955, $1,022,000,000. OIL — 1919, $32,000,000; 1946, $697,000,000; and 1955, $1,179,000,- 000. PUBLIC SERVICES — 1919, $312,000,000,000; 1946, $920,000,000; and 1955, $1,132,000,000. TRADING. COMPANIES—1919, $71,000,000; 1946, $72,000,000; and 1955, $440,000,000. OTHER INVESTMENTS:. 1919, $34,000,000; 1946, $45,000,000; and 1955, $219,000,000. “Latin America has been the principal focus for direct United States investments abroad —the study of the Agriculture Depart- ment says— since the beginning of this century. HEMISPHERIC- EVENTS Latin American N RABIES IN COSTA RICA SAN JOSE, Costa Rica — A health expert has arrived in Costa Rica from Washington to help com- bat an outbreak of rabies. He is Dr. Aurelio Malaga Alba of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau. The Costa Rican Health Ministry reports at least 22 persons have been bitten by rabid dogs in one province alone. PASSENGERS TREATED FOR FOOD POISONING BALBOA, Canal Zone (UP) — Sixteen passengers aboard ‘the cruise Leilani were rushed to Gorgas Hospital here Tuesday night for treatment of acute food poison- ing. At least six other persons, in- cluding some members of the crew, also were treated for illness believ- ed caused by contaminated food. Public health officials quarantin- ed the ship pending an inspection. The Leilani was bound from the Atlantic Coast to California for service between the West Coast and Hawaii. BANKING OFFICIAL VISITS GUATEMALA GUATEMALA — Mr. Kenneth E. Hill, Vice-President of the Chase'| Manhattan Bank of New York, is currently in Guatemala. Purpose of his visit is to look into the pe- troleum situation, and advise the Government about the possibilities of establishing a petroleum refine- ry in the country. LIGHTNING KILLS FOUR IN BOLIVIA LA PAZ, Bolivia (UP)— Four teenagers were killed and nine others were injured Tuesday when lightning struck a field where \they were playing soccer, - author- STRIKE THREAT IN HONDURAS IS AVERTED TEGUCIGALPA, Jan. 23 (UP)— The threat of a general strike which would have paralized oper- ations of the banana plantations in Northern Honduras, has partly decreased. The turn for the better in the situation took place after a series of conversations between the re- presentative of the Inter Ameri- ean Regional Workers Organiza- tion in Central America and the management of the Tela Railroad Company, United Fruit Company subsidiary. Reports say they reached an agreement, by which the banana company will adopt the discharge system proposed by the workers union. During the Fourth Special Con- gress in the city of Progreso, the union warned that it will declare strike if, in a mass dismissal, there was a single case which was mot justified. Official informations indicate that the total of workers in the zone is about 16,400. According to statements made by the manage- ment of the company, they plan- ned to reduce personnel by be- tween 800 and 1000. Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 162 Cuba Mobilizes Police Reserves to Cope With Islands Terrorist Wave HAVANA, Jan. 23 (UP)— The Government, mobilized today its police reserves to place them in active military service, by a meas- ure which officially qualified as “without importance.” According to the law, these re- serves can be called to active ser- vice “in case of war, national cala- mity or grave alteration of public order.” Well informed sources said that the measure has as objective to give the police reserve more au- thority to confront the wave of terrorism which is rampant in the island. The mobilization is ordered in a Presidential decree. The number of members affected by the order is not indicated, but the police re- serves include the agents on duty at the Ministries, railroads, prison guards and special agents. CUBA - WEST GERMANY TRADE AGREEMENT HAVANA, Jan. 23 (Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY) — A German Federal Republic Govern- ment Delegation arrived here with the purpose of negotiating with a Cuban Delegation the renovation of the Trade Agreement between the two countries. The Agreement was signed in 1953, was modified in 1956 and will expire on Febru- ary 28. The Cuban Government gives great importance to the Treaty with the Bonn regime, as it con- stitute a great market for Cuban sugar, as well as minerals, agricul- tural products and hides while, on the other hand, imports from that country are increasing, in- dicating the acceptance of their products by the Cuban consumer. The German Delegation is presided by Legation Counsellor, Dr. Karl Panhorst and integrated by others representing different Ministries. The Cuban delegation is presided by Dr. Andrés Vargas Gémez, Ambassador in charge of International Economic Affairs and it is composed of numerous delegates from Ministries and eredit organisms. Presidential Representatives Arriving for Monday's Meeting WASHINGTON, Jan. 23 (UP)— Isaac Fabregat arrived here today as personal representative of Pan- amanian President Ernesto de la Guardia for the meeting next week of the Inter-American committee of Presidential Representatives. The former Panamanian Foreign Minister was greeted at the airport by Ambassador. Ricardo Arias. Fabregat attended the first meeting of the Committee last September which heard numerous proposals from the 21 delegations. The Committee will now meet three days starting Monday to work out an agenda that is ex- pected to reduce the number of proposals to about 10. Panama is understood to be in- terested in getting speedy action for the completion of the Inter- American Highway. BOLIVIAN FOREIGN MINISTER LEAVES LA PAZ, Jan. 23 (UP)— The Minister of Foreign Relations, Ma- nuel Barrau, is leaving today for Washington, where he will repre- sent President Hernan Siles Zuazo in the forthcoming meeting of the Committee of Representatives of the American Presidents. Barrau declared to the United Press that in that conference “we will make known that Bolivia is in- terested in three points: alphabeti- zation, malaria eradication, and housing.” ews in Brief ities reported today. GUATEMALAN LABOR CODE RE-EDITED GUATEMALA — A new edition of the Labor Code, Decree 330 of the National Congress and Decree 570 of the President, has just been printed. Limited to only 2,000 co- pies, it is intended for the exclu- sive use of government office. La- bor is receiving special attention from the present Administration. It will be recalled that President Castillo Armas downfall created the Ministry of Labor, giving labor a status it has never before enjoy- ed in Guatemala, BALLET TO TOUR CENTRAL AMERICA GUATEMALA — The Guatema- la Ballet will tour Central Ameri- can capitals during the month of February, offering programs in San Salvador Feb, 1 and 2; in Te- gucigalpa Feb. 4 and 5; in Mana- gua Feb. 7 and 8 and in San José Feb. 9 and 10. Guatemala has the only ballet company in Central America, and this is the first tour it makes to all of the Central Ame- rican countries. HOMESTEAD PROGRAM IN GUATEMALA GUATEMAL A—(UP) — With the granting of 2,928 titles on January 10th, Guatemala’s home- stead program brought the total of such grants to 10,761, surpassing the goal set two years ago of-5,000 per year. Plots granted to landless farmers range in size up, to 50 acres. Schedule of the program calls for the allotment of 25,000 such land grants by 1960 and is gradually creating a new class of small farmers who will be poten- tial industrial consumers, In line with the program, supervised cred- it is offered the new owners by the National Agrarian Bank, which for 1957 has earmarked over $5 million for this purpose. BRITONS TRYING TO PREVENT “DUMPING” OF ARGENTINE BEEF LONDON (UP)— A bill to em- power the government to impose anti-dumping or countervailing du- ties on dumped or subsidized im- ports was due to come before the House of Commons. In the House of Lords this after- noon a questioner asked what steps the Government was taking to deal with “persistent. dumping of Ar- gentine beef into. the United King- dom market.” Lord Mancroft, speaking for the government, drew the questioner’s attention to the bill coming before the House of Commons. He said if the bill became law it would be open to United Kingdom interests as well as to other ex- porting countries which consider- ed they were suffering serious in- jury to submit a case to the Board of Trade for the imposition of an- ti-dumping and countervailing du- ties. 4 He said any such case would be examined in the light of the bill’s provisions and of the internation- al obligations of the government. MEXICAN WORKERS STAY IN U.S. A, MEXICO CITY (UP)— More than 10 per cent of the Mexican migrant workers who went to the United States last year have re- mained north of the border, it was reported today. i The Foreign Minister added thar these are the urgent needs of Boli via, a country in which—he point- ed out — hundreds of thousands of Indians don’t know how to read, malaria continues causing havoc among the population and there is an enormous demand for housing, especially in La Paz and Cocha- bamba. CHILEAN DELEGATE REACHES NEW YORK NEW YORK, Jan. 23 (UP)—Da- tio Sainte Marie, delegate of Chil- ean President, Carlos Ibaiiez, to the conference of Presidential Re- presentatives in Washington on the 28, is in New York, after a some- what hazardous trip from his coun- try. Sainte Marie, accompanied by the Undersecretary of the Minis- try- of Economy and Commerce, Abraham Reynel, arrived yester- day over New York in a plane which could not land because of the fog, going to Richmond, Vir- ginia, for a landing. From there they went by bus to Washington and by train to New York, where they arrived last night. Sainte Marie and Reynel had conferences with the Chilean re- presentatives in the United Na- tions. They will stay here a few days, before returning to Washing- ton for the conference, Borlenghi Predicts Perén’s- Return to Buenos Aires Before Year's End HABANA, Jan. 23 (UP)— An- gel Borlenghi, Argentine ex-Min- ister of Interior, declared in an interview published here, that “Ar- gentina will shake off this year the revolutionary regime which scaled power in 1955 and will propitiate the return of Peronism.” “These folks will not be in pow- er at the end of the year,” the Juan Perén’s regime Minister of the Interior added in interview published in the first page of this capital’s “Diario Nacional.” In closing the interview he also said: “Perén will not move frm Ve- nezuela now. His next trip will be toward Buenos Aires, before the year ends.” Borlenghi, who just returned from a trip he made to Venezuela, to confer with Perén, granted the interview to Carlos Castafieda, editor of “Diario Nacional.” The interview was published under the signature of said editor. Castafieda transcribed the opi- nions of Borlenghi in the following manner, but he did not cite them between quotation marks: : “Peronism rejects all possibili- ties of an electoral understanding, because it does not trust the puri- ty of the elections and understands that a Constituent Convention will be convoked to elect later & substitute, who will come out, pos- sibly, from the most conservative wing of the Radical Party. “Perén cannot reach any ac- cord with the government or with the politi¢al factions, Borlenghi underlines _ energetically. “Borlenghi assures htat Perén intends to remain in Venezuela, where. the government “does not séem to accept interferences from the Argentine government.” At the end of the interview, ac- cording to Castafieda, Borlenghi assured him that Perén will not leave Venezuela until he departs for Buenos Aires, “before the end of this year.”