Evening Star Newspaper, August 15, 1937, Page 4

LEASING WARSHIPS PERILOUS FOR U. S History Shows Many Cases of Pitfalls in Aiding Other Navies. Bpecial Dispatch to Toe Star. NEW YORK, August l4.—Secre- tary of State Cordell Hull's proposal to lease six United States destroyers to Brazil has aroused enough contro- versy to prove again that international co-operation in naval armament often Jeads to dangerous friction. The Ar- gentine press has protested vigor- ously; European newspapers regard the scheme as aimed at Germany. And past experience shows that sup- plying naval vessels to foreign coun- tries may involve serious complica- tions, even—as in the case of Great Britain and Turkey in 1914—war itself. International law forbids the build- ing or equipment of warships for bel- ligerents by a neutral nation, even if the work is done by private firms. During the American Civil War Messrs. Laird, English shipbuilders, constructed the famous Confederate cruiser Alabama. The United States Minister protested, but the Alabama was permitted to sail from Great Britain and pick up her armament at the Azores. Then she proceeded to ravage American shipping. Later, other Confederate y were sent out of English ports— notably the Shenandoah and the Flor- ida. Finally Messrs, Laird began con- struction of two dangerous armor-clad &hips. The United States Minister, Charles Francis Adams. made a direct threat that if these ships were per- mitted to sail, his country would re- | gard it as an act of war, and the British ordered the work stopped. North's Feeling Anti-British. After the war, the feeling of the North was strongly anti-British as a result of the widespread devastation of Union shipping caused by British- built ships. The Government pre- sented its bill for the damages to the English, and in 1871, by the treaty of Washington, England acknowledged herself at fault and agreed to submit the damages for arbitration, The Brbitrators granted $15,000,000 to the United States, and the precedent was | established that neutral governments | must use all the means at their dis; posal to prevent the building or out fitting of warships in their ports for a nation engaged in hostilities. This | doctrine was reaffirmed by The Hague | convention of 1907. But except for the sign London naval treaty, there is no re- striction in international law on the building or sale of warships to friend- ly powers in peacetime. Many coun- tries are poorly equipped for naval construction, and are consequently de pendent on foreign shipyards. This is particularly true of the South American countries, virtually all of whose navies are foreign built. Great Britain has always been a great source of supply for statesmen shop- ping for navies, much of the Brazl- ian Navy, for example, was built on the banks of the Clyde. Two Argen- tinian warships came from the United | States. and Germany and France have | contributed. Italy, especially in re- | cent years, has also helped forward South American naval progress. The sudden threat of war some- times produces a brisk market in un- finished war vessels. In 1898, when this country was rapidly drifting into war with Spain, British shipwrights were at work on two cruisers for Brazil. The United States was less | interested in increasing its own naval | forces—though that was not unde- girable—than in forestalling the Span- ish. The two cruisers were purchased | from Brazil while still on the stocks, eventually to be added to our navy as the New Orleans and the Albany. British Experience Worse. This transaction created no an- | noyance except in Spain. But the ex- | perience of Great Britain at the out- break of the World War_was less | happy. A common featur& of con- tracts between British firms and for- eign naval authorities was a clause | permitting the English, in case of | themselves being involved in war, to | take over vessels building in British vards and to add them to their own navy. In 1914 several war vessels destined for other nations were tak- ing shape in Clydebank shipyards. They included two battleships and | gome destroyers for Chile and two | dreadnaughts for Turkey. The Almirante Latorre, one of the Chilean ships, was immediately bought by the British, and on completion it was taken into the navy as the Can- ada. After the war the vessel was resold to Chile. Work was stopped | for a while on the Almirante Coch- rane, the other Chilean battleship, but it was eventually purchased and turned into an aircraft carrier. It is still in the British Navy as the Eagle. The destroyers were purchased and resold to Chile after the conclusion of hostilities—except for one which was sunk at Jutland. Dealings with Chile were amicable enough, but the case was otherwise with Turkey. Both Germany and Great Britain had been angling for ‘Turkish support for years, and when the Archduke Franz Ferdinand was killed at Sarajevo the Germans were getting somewhat the better of the deal. But Turkey had been through exhausting wars with Italy and the | Balkan states, as well as a major rev- olution. It is possible that she might have remained neutral, and it was certainly to the advantage of Great Britain to keep her so. A hostile Tur- key was a threat at Egypt and the Buez Canal, as well as a strong bar- rier between Russia and the other allies and a drain on the Czar's mili- tary resources. The two Turkish dreadnaughts, the Bultan Osman and the Reshadie, were constructed with funds raised by pub- lic subscription throughout the Turk- ish Empire. Every peasant had con- tributed his mite, therefore felt a personal interest in the huge vessels. More, they magnified the potentiali- ties of the ships until they had be- come the surest bulwark of the nation in their eyes. Two Battleships Seized. Nevertheless, though the purchase price had been paid by the Turks, Great Britain seized the two battle- ghips on the day before she declared war on Germany. Public feeling in ‘Turkey was greatly aroused. A short time later two German ships of war, the Breslau and the Goeben, broke through the allied blockade and reached Constantinople. The Ger- man government promptly sold the two ships to Turkey, and in October, 1914, they were bombarding Russian wvessels in the Black Sea. It is entirely possible, of course, that Turkey would have gone into war on the German side, even if Great Britain had not seized her pet vessels, atories of the | mas of THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, AUGUST 15, 1937—PART ONE. in Battle Zones. 39 U. S. Warships on Guard in China 7,000 Soldiers, Sailors and Marines Ready to Protect Americans The flagship Augusta of the United States Asiatic fleet. By the Associated Press, HIRTY-NINE American war- ships and nearly 7,000 soldiers, sailors and Marines stand ready to protect the lives and property of United States citizens in the zones of the Chinese-Japanese conflict. The Navy Department said the Asiatic Fleet, under command of Admiral Harry E. Yarnell, is strate- gically stationed in Chinese waters ready to evacuate American nationals from Shanghai and any other thea- ters of hostility should naval and consular officers decide on such action. Yarnell's flagship, the 10,000-ton cruiser Augusta, steamed into Shang- hai Friday night. Floating in Shanghai Harbor are the 1,140-ton gunboat, Sacramento; the 370-ton Yangize River patrol boat, Tutuila, and the 16,800-ton oil tanker, Ramapo. The Peary, a 1,190-ton de- stroyer, was speeding toward Shang- hai last night, expecting to arrive today. At Tientsin the United States Army | has the 15th Infantry of 750 officers | and enlisted men stationed under Col. Joseph A. McAndrew. Its duty, | tablisned under the Boxer protocol. is to maintain transportation and | communication lines to the sea. ing approximately 550, are watching Marines, 1,050 strong, are guarding es- | | Three companies of Marines, total- | Peiping, while at Shanghai the 4th | Americans ‘under command of Col. C. F. B. Price. The Asiatic Fleet in Chinese waters carries 302 officers, 4,110 sailors and approximately 175 Marines. Large gunboats are stationed, one each, at Hong Kong, Tsingtao and Pagado Anch. Six smaller gunboats constitute the Yangtze River patrol, and another one is patrolling South China near Canton. Thirteen 1,190-ton destroyers and six 800-ton submarines are sta- tioned off the Shangtung Peninsula. Two submarines are at Manila. Three mine sweepers are in the Shantung area, and a 1.480-ton mine sweeper VARGAS HITS FOES OFSHIPS LEASING Brazil Not Bound to Explain Intention in Deal With U.S.. He Says. By the Assaciated Press. RIO DE JANEIRO, Brazil, August 14 —President Getulio Vargas of Bra- zil, in a curt statement tonight, de- clared that Brazil “does not hold itself bound” to explain to any third nation its intention to lease naval vessels from the United States. Earlier the Brazilian foreign office, in a press statement regarding the proposal to leave six overage destroy- ers from the United States, said dan- | ger of an armaments race in South | America could originate only in Ar-| gentina. The statement observed that neither | Brazil nor Argentina was a party to the London naval treaty invoked by Foreign Minister Carlos Saavedra La- Argentina in critcizing the proposed destroyer deal. “Moreover, apparently none of the parties to that treaty raised the slightest objection to the leasing, a that international statement continued. Argentine Ship Orders Listed. It listed orders placed by the Ar- gentine Navy with British and Ar- gentine shipyards for building a school ship, 7 destroyers and 10 mine sweepers. A report of the “Argen- tine ministry of marine” was quoted as saying a considerable number of auxiliary vessels would be added. ‘“Argentina’s two battleships, more powerful and more modern than ours, recently were modernized and, in 1931 and 1932, two new cruisers and three submarines were added to the Argen- tine battle fleet,” the statement said. “In the matter of airplanes and land implements of war no other Latin American country can take the paim from our friend and neighbor,” it added. Argentine Objection “Curious.” The statement said it was “curious” that it would be the foreign min- istry of Argentina, and not the Gov- ernment of the United States, which finds the leasing contrary to the neu- trality law promulgated by the United States. Then it added: “We regret that we do not believe in the sincerity of the allegation that the system of leas- ing small ships already out of com- mission would lead to an armaments race.” Diplomatic sources said they in- ferred the President's statement meant Brazil would lease six over- age United States destroyers if the instrument,” the | United States Government received Senate authorization. ally, Russia—Turkey's old enemy. But the English historian, Arnold J. Toynbee, claims that the seizure of the Sultan Osman and the Reshadie was the “last straw” that broke the bond of amity between Turkey and the British Empire. And Henry W. Nevin- son, another Englishman, wrote: “One might almost say that for a couple of dreadnaughts we lost Constanti- nople and the Straits.” If the old practice of building war- ships for other nations in peacetime leads to such tension on the out- break of war, it is difficult to see how Secretary Hull's scheme can avoid even greater dangers. The United States would retain the right to call back the destroyers at any time—an arrangement which would be ex- tremely likely to cause annoyance in Brazil if invoked, and in Brazl's enemy if not called into play. (Copyright, 1937, by New York Herald Tribune.) OLD GOLD AND SILVER will bring you ships. The Turks were greatly wor- ried over the intentions of England’s ' Brisbane Rental Ads Stress Size Of Living Room | Atop Building Is Two Stories High. Bt the Associated Press NEW YORK, August 14.—A living room 30 feet wide. 60 feet long and two stories high was advertised by real estate agents today in an effort to rent the home of the late Arthur Brisbane, editor and columnist. | That room, one of more than 30 in the Brisbane house. is equivalent to | 12 one-story rooms 15 by 20 feet each. | The Brisbane house is actually a three-floor apartment on top of a 15- story building the editor had erected on Fifth avenue for the purpose in 1929. Vast Section of House| Reached by way of a private lobby and a special elevator, the apartment has all the privacy of an individual home, including lawns, gardens, shrubs method of transaction not covered in| and a white picket gate leading onto flagstone walks | The place is furnished like a medie- val castle. together with dowels instead of nails. | Walis are oak paneled. The furniture | includes a table 15 feet long and four drawing room chairs of needlepoint, valued at $8.000 each. There are seven fireplaces, 18 baths and a glass conservatory on the roof. Huge windows, some 18 feet tall and 6 feet wide, open on a view that stretches from George Washington Bridge to Central Park and the mid- town skyline to Long Island Sound. POLLUTION MEASURE 'REPORTED TO SENATE Substitute for House Bill Would Give $700,000 a Year for Local Help. | By the Associated Press. The Senate Commerce Committee approval of a Federal program of measures against stream pollution, including grants and loans to local governments and individuals. It reported favorably a measure by Senators Lonergan, Democrat, of Con- necticut and Barkley, Democrat, of Kentucky, intended as a substitute for legislation which the House passed. The substitute bill would authorize Federal legal action to prevent poliu- tion of navigable waters and their tributaries, but would delay the authority for three years. In the meantime, it calls for numer- ous measures by the Public Health Service, in co-operation with local governments, to deal with the prob- lem. The bill authorizes $300,000 an- nually for a new division under the Public Health Service and $700,000 a vear for expenditure under State direction. S ‘With dues of $2,500 a year, a trout fishiing club in England has a long waiting list. STORE HOURS: Mon. thru Friday 7T AM, to 5 PM. Saturday 7AM. to 1 PM. A a A ON The Lifelong Paint Floors are of oak, pinned | pushed recommended to Congress ypsterduy" Is Always 100% Pure! Are All Paints Made the Same Way? NO, they are not! “Murco” is made with the time tested formula of Pure White Lead, Pure Linseed Oil, Pure Tur- pentine Approved by the best painters, because they know this formula gives and greater beauty. INSIST REGRETS. E. J. Murphy Co., Inc. 710 12th St. N. W. Insist on ““Murco tanker is en route there. HEMIAGHAY ST WANTS REVENE 1Says Some Day He’ll Spank | Max Eastman—Holds “Victory” Dinner. By the Associated Press. NEW YORK. August 14.—Ernest Hemingway, the writer, insisted today that the hair on his chest was real and offered to spank Max Eastman if necessary o prove it. The 200-pound Ernest proudly waved a book marked with a smudge he said came from Eastman's nose without Eastman's consent, but the warrior in him still clamored for re- venge for Max's crack about “false hair.” The clamor was heard all over the cabin salon of the liner Champlain, aboard which Hemingway sailed for Spain to cover a war not his own. Takes Stance, Fists Raised. “Why, that guy never threw a punch in his life,” Hemingway shouted, tak- ing a stance with fists raised “Why. one of these days I'm going to spank him.” Essayist Eastman was nowhere around to defend his claim that he | stood Hemingway on his (Heming- way's) head in a pubiisher’s office, so | Ernest punched away at the shadows on the salon wall. Exhilarated after a night glub “vie- tory” dinner—"defeat” dinner if you happen to be in Eastman's corner — attended by such fistic idols as Gene Tunney and Charles Francis Coe, the bull fight enthusiast pulled out of his pocket & book. The book, he said, was the one he into Eastman's face in the publisher’s office. Good First Edition. He opened it to the page where Eastman made the remark that Hem- ingway wrote with “false hair on his chest.” On the page was a smudge. The smudge, he said, came off East- man’s nose. Handing the volume to a bibliophile friend, he explained: “He collects first editions and this is a good one autographed with the extra nose print.” “He didn't throw me down,” he added presently, reverting to military history again. “I told him, ‘Max, if you were 10 years younger, I'd knock you blankety blank blank wham.'” Hemingway wound up, as the sailing whistle blew, with reminiscences about the old days when he used to knock sideshow pugilists around just to make sure the cracked-wheat-and-gluten bread was keeping him fi “Find out,” he growled, “what I did | to Philadelphia Jack O'Brien.” Strange Tribe Sought. Search is to be made for a tribe of Indians who have become a legend in Argentina. They are said to live in the northern frontier. Explorers starting from Buenos Aires will seek the prim- itive people who have shunned con- tact with the white man and his civili- zation. and Japan Dryer. longer wear “MURCO” AND SAVE NAtL 2477 No Other Store Sells “Murco” INSURGENTS CLAIM SEVERAL VILLAGES Heavy Losses Are Reported Inflicted on Loyalists in Santander Push. By the Associated Press. HENDAYE, Franco-Spanish Fron- tier, August 14.—The insurgent radio at Salamanca said tonight their “big push” to capture Santander and the remainder of government ter- ritory in Northwest Spain already had resulted in capture of several vil- lages in North Salencia Province. The broadcast, from Generalissimo Francisco Franco's headquarters city, said heavy losses had been inflicted on government troops. Insurgent officers at Irun said three columns, one of which was Italian, was participating in the “supreme drive” to eliminate all government opposition in Northwest Spain. They said 30,000 men were engaged, sup- ported by a large number of tanks and armored cars, Loyalist Recover Ground. In the Madrid sector government troops regained a mile of lost ground toward the war-torn town of Brunete, 15 miles west of Madrid, in a sur- prise attack. There had been little activity in this area recently, On the Teruel front Gen. Franco's men forced government troops to evacuate more positions, The insur- gents were driving southward trying to cut off inland Madrid from coastal Valencia. Insurgents said they had defended successfully their Eastern Spanish communications between Saragossa and Teruel against a prolonged BOV~ ernment attack of Catalan troops. Insurgents, summing up the re- sults of several days of fighting in | Teruel Province, said Catalans vainly | tried to cut the main highway to| Saragossa and had they succeeded | insurgent troops would have been | forced to leave the Albarracin Moun- | tains, where they are moving against Cuenca. Government Loses at Teruel. At Teruel, the insurgents said, the | government lost heavily and was | forced to drop its attack without an | appreciable gain. (In London it was reported the Danish government was consider- Ing a protest against the sink- ing of the 1931-ton vessel Edith, bombed by insurgent planes 30 miles from Barcelona. (The Danish ministry forwarded to Copenhagen a report of the i - Non-Intervention Committee on the sinking and awaited instruc- tions from its foreign office.) Government authorities at Gijon, on | the Bay of Biscay, deciared some of | Gen. Franco's insurgent planes had | bombed the airdrome of Viergo del | Camino, 150 miles northwest of Ma- drid, in an attempt to suppress an insurrection. Rail Stations Bombed. VALENCIA, August 14 () —The government defense ministry said to- night that government aviation had bombed railroad stations at Siguenza, Aranda and Logrono Woods, west of Jadraque. | The ministry said insurgents, with | | considerable artillery and aircraft, at- | tacked several sectors on the north- | | ern front. Government positions at | Echeandia were bombarded intensively, but goverment troops held fast, | PANAMANIAN TANKER SHELLED. Blazes Off Tunisian Coast After At- tack by Warship. | LONDON. August 15 (Sunday) (&) | —The Panamanian motor tanker George W. McKnight was reported In messages received early today by Lloyd's to be blazing off the Tunisian | coast after she was shelled by an unidentified warship. | The vessel was abandoned and one | message said all hands were picked up by the steamer British Com- modore. | Advices to Lloyd's from the British | freighter Mostyn, which relayed a | message from a Tunisian radio station, | said the George W. McKnight sent out her first distress signal at 9:13 p.m. last night A later message said: “Now cleared. All hands picked up safe by British tank steamer British | Commodore. Ship still burning; noth- ing can be done with it.” | The tanker, a vessel of 7.097 tons, was bound for Le Havre, France, from Tripoli and S; e STUDENTS VlSle)RS Denison Group on “Field Trip in American Literature."” Twenty-two students of Denison (Ohio) University visited Washington yesterday as part of an experimental “fleld trip in American literature,” conducted by Dr. Eri J. Shumaker. To acquaint prospective high school English teachers with the historical background of the works they study, they will visit the region of Concord, Mass., Longfellow's Wayside Inn, Ply- mouth Rock and important univer- sities™ Here the students inspected the Folger Shakespearean Library and the | in Washington) | cardiff, wales. EAGLES NOMINATE CHICAGO, August 14 (#).—National officers of the Fraternal Order of Eagles were nominated today without opposition and convention officials sald they would be elected tomorrow by ac- clamation. John W. Heller, jr., of York, Pa., was nominated to succeed Dr. H. B. Mehr- mann of Oakland, Calif,, as grand worthy president. Other nominees included: Grand worthy vice president, Fred C. Dilley of Brazil, Ind.; grand treasurer, How- ard N. Ragland of Cincinnati; grand inside guard, Harry W. Salkin of Pitts- field, Mass.; grand worthy chaplain, William A. Steegmiller of Owoss0, Mich,, and grand trustees, Dr. Mehr- mann, Willlam P. Wetherald of Zanes- ville, Ohio, and John P. Saxer of Buf- falo, N. Y. EUROPE'S BUYING FORWARAIDS U, Exports Gain, but Threat Lies in Sudden Ces- sation. Europe's present war boom, which grows bigger each week, is beginning 1o be reflected in this country in ex- panded business in foodstuffs and armaments. While, as yet, it ie true that the spending of the Federal Government on W.P. A, P. W A and A A A projects is still the major factor iu cur economic recovery, war buying by Old ‘World nations is becoming increasingly important. Europe and Asia want to build up their grain supplies and the price of American wheat responds in sensa- tional fashion. The Old World wants ever more scrap iron, copper, oil and other raw materials, as well as ma- chinery and motor trucks. Finally, the demand for ever bigger navies fis leading the United States into a ship- building program, the-end of which | is not yet in sight. Iron Exports Soar. | Figures on our export trade, 15 re- | leased b ythe Department of Com- merce during recent weeks, show that exports of iron and steel scrap, which are basic in building up armaments, | increased from 213,000 tons in May, | 1936, to 641,000 tons in May, 1937, | with an increase in value from $2,500,- | 000 to more than $13,000,000. In May last year $24,000,000 worth of American petroleum was sold abroad. This year the figures are more | than $33.000.000. Exports of finished | iron and steel products during the | same period increased in value from | $7.5000.000 to $19.400,000. | Similar advances in both quantity | and value are recorded for shipment or other, but less primary products By far the largest proportion of the gain made in the sales of American products abroad during the past vear 1s i raw materials and finished goods that apparently can have meaning only in war preparation or in war use. Admittedly the total of our exports —some $300,000.000 each month—is not dramatically important in com- | parison with the domestic business of this country. May Topple World Economics The question of immediate concern to Americans is (and this is reflected in the official Government view here whether this war preparation in the Old World will ac- tually result in hostilities, with unpre- dictable results on the economics of the entire world. | Another question of concern is, what this preparation should suddenly cease? More than one official in Wash- | ington privately admits there might s upset and a depres- sion resulting in the loss of jobs by millions of workers in Europe Moreover, these troubles on the older continent probably would be reflected in & sharply decreased foreign demand for our commodities and industrial products. Then there might be defla- | Ugn again and all the dreary succes- | sion of business failures, bank stop- | pages and Government interferences with rates of exchange. (Copyright, 1937.) ¢ if ‘Wins $1,085 for Fall. For injuries received when falling | on defective linoleum in & jury room | Mrs. Cecelia Edwards has been award- | ed $1.085 damages against the City of % WATCH REPAIRING ¥ | WITH A MONEY-BACK GUARANTEE Prices Reasonable. Easy Terms. ERNEST BURK Formerly head watchmaker with Chas. Schwartz & Son for many 1105 G 306, DI [WE NEED USED CARS 4221 Conn. Ave: Clev. 9500 Library of Congress. —an organ of @ This new organ, now in use in thousands eof homes, ond mortuaries, has brought churches, schools fine music within the reach of even those of average means. Creating tones by electrical impulse, using no pipes or reeds, the Hom- the mond produces all fomilior tone colors plus 1, many new ones. ® The Hammond caw be heard amytime in owr studios ® ARTHUR JORDAN 1239 G Street THE HAMMOND at the cost of a fine piano cathedral tone —and up on very easy terms. 275 PIANO COMPANY DR. S. C. HAMILTON TO HEAD DENTISTS Is Elected at Closing Session at Howard—Dr. Turpin Is Final Speaker. Dr. 8. C. Hamilton of Chicago was clected president of the National Dental Association for 1938 at the closing session of the association’s con- vention at Howard University, it was announced yesterday. Dr. R, E. Beamon of Cincinnati took office Friday as president to serve until next August, when Hamilton's term will begin. Speaking on one of the principal objectives of the convention—to pro- vide better opportunities for colored dentists and physicians in the South— Dr. D. A. Turpin of Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tenn., told his asso- ciates Friday that rural communities not urban centers, is where colored practitioners should attempt to gain their foothold in the South. “There are but 32 colored dentists for the 1,000,000 colored persons in Mississippi,” Dr. Turpin said. “It s in States where such conditions as this exist that members of our associa- tion, especially the younger members Just beginning their practices, should start their careers. If we build strongly in the rural communities, our problem in the cities will take care of itself.” Other officers electea with Dr. Hame ilton were Dr, Waldo Howard of Hous- ton, Tex. vice president: Dr 8 V., Smith of Philadelphia, assistan’, secre- tary, and Dr. J. A. Jackson, Chare lottesville, Va., secretary-treasurer, Salvador's coffee crop is the largest, on record and is expected o total 900,000 bags. WM. ROSENDORF “Washington's Leading Ezclusire urrier 1215 G ST. Guaranteed Savings to 25 i Our | August Fur Sale ) Bridal Ensemble With 12 Diamonds Beauty everlasting! The en gagement ring shows seven diamends ‘and the wedding band contgins five. charming, white or yellow gold mount ings. *50 Set in harmonizing 75¢ Weekly Imagine! 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