Evening Star Newspaper, April 1, 1937, Page 8

TWOPOWERS BEGIN JOINT ARMS RACE Britain and France Launch Drive to Bulwark Strength on Sea and Land. BACKGROUND— With military strength and bel- ligerence of Europe’s dictator na- tion’s steadily mounting, England and France are making intensive preparations for threatening war. Both have provided record peace- time military appropriations and are reported ready to unite strength to turn back any aggressor nation. BY the Assoctated Press. LONDON, April 1.—Great Britan and Prance embarked on a joint arm- ament race today to back up the allied might of the Britsh fleet and the French Army with at least 3,000 ad- ditonal fighting planes in the next 12 months. France announced she will build 1,500 planes during 1937 to reinforce the 3,000 to 4,000 first-line fighting craft she already possesses. How many planes Great Britain will build was a closely held secret of the air mnistry, but it is estimated that 1,750 were delivered in the last fiscal year—just the start of the drive to have 2,600 first-line planes in the air by the Spring of 1939. April 1 is a significant date in the air history of the two democracies whose World War alliance has been strengthened by the fact they are the only two nations in Western Europe who have steered a middle course be- tween communism and fascism. Day Memorable to Britain. To Britain, today is memorable as the start of a fiscal year which will break all peace-time records for mili- tary expenditure on aircraft and the close of the first two years of the in- tensive drive to meet a rearming Ger- many in the air as well as on land and sea. The air ministry announced today the British air strength stood at 1,778 first-line planes in actual service— 1,280 for home defense, 278 stationed overseas and 220 assigned to the fleet. Since midnight in France all fac- tories making war materials have been the property of the state, taken over under the broad nationalization pro- gram destined, in main, to keep the French air force the most powerful in the world The British and French defense experts, working in close co-operation, observers pointed out, have at their disposal the British Navy—the most powerful in Western Europe, with its strength being constantly increased— and the French Army—the powerful in Western Europe. significant Development. Great Britain and France are firmly eommitted to resist “‘unprovoked ag- gression” and the cordial Anglo-French co-operation has been the most sig- most nificant development in Europe during | the past few months, featured hy their efforts to keep Europe out of the Spanish civil war. With 20 of the 25 major French | airplane factories actually public prop- erty, and the government making plans to take over the remainder as soon as technical details are worked out, new boards of directors, respon- sible to the air minister alone and composed of factory employes and Air Corps officers, have assumed direction of the French program. Decentralization of the factories into six regions as a protection against enemy air raids has been started as the first move of the new administra- tion The objective is to remove as many factories as possible far away from Paris which the French high com- mand assumes would be the first tar- get of enemy air bombs. Planes Added to Ballad. In Great Britain, the public has be- eome fully airminded, adding fighting planes to the British music hall bal- lad: “We do not want to fight, But if we do, “We have the ships, we have the men, We have the money, too.” By the end of the Summer Britain ~| Imported and Domes plans to have 1,500 planes for home defense alone as s result of the pro- gram started just after Prime Minister Stanley Bsldwin admitted in the Spring of 1935 that he had under- estimated German strength in the air. By 1939, Britain's new program will provide for 1,700 home defense planes, 450 for overseas and 450 for “the sea air arm,” all first-line equipment. Even Winston Churchill, whose con- tinual proddings are believed to have been one of the chief reasons for the government's new airmindedness, be- lieves the program will plave Britain on an equal footing with Germany, which he estimates has not more than 1,700 or 1,800 first-line planes. The two allied democracies have achieved virtually the same results in different fashion. Nationalization Law. Premier Leon Blum's French na- tionalization law was part of the So- cialists party’s platform, while the British system was based on the re- port of a royal commission. It decided a state arms monopoly “might be practical, but is not de- sirable” and the “shadow” aircraft industries plan devised by the air ministry was the result. The sy.tem, however, is so close to nationalization it is hard to tell the difference. ‘The government is flnancing con- struction of two airplane factories, six engine plants and one propeller factory. The only difference between these and the French is that the operators— mostly automobile manufacturers— will get managers’ fees instead of state salaries. Private manufacturers are well satisfled with the arrangement as they are getting all the work they can handle anyway—the 1,750 planes delivered last year were two and & | half times the average of pre-ex- | pansion years. By the Spring of 1939—when the dual program launched today is com- pleted—the combined airfleets of the two Western European powers is ex- pected to total at least 8,000 first line planes. | PIONEER CHEMIST DIES Frank E. Coombs Passes Away in Vermont. NEW YORK, April 1 (#).—Friends here learned of the death yesterday in Randolph, Vt., of Frank E. Coombs, pioneer in the chemistry of sugar re- fining The 72-year-old scientist is survived by a daughter and a son. He was educated in New York schools and studied chemistry at Co- lumbia University. He then went into the field of sugar refining and was responsible for many mechanical and chemical innovations in that industry. He had plants in many South and Central American countries, in the Philippines and in | Hawaii. Bowie (Continued From First Page.) Rudie. Only one scratch was ex- pected—E. K. Bryson’s Honey Cloud. Many of the top-flight riders are on the ground, including Harry Richards, | winner of the $100,000 Santa Anita | Handicap with Rosemont; Ira Han- ford, Jackie Westrope and Johnny Gilbert. Before the meeting is over, |Sonny Workman, the Washington | rider, also is expected to go into ac- | tion. | One innovation at Bowie that should | prove popular with the patrons is s | new electrical odds board, which is | designed to do away with the guessing system formerly in vogue. | The track is offering about $73,000 in purses, with a $1,000 minimum. ‘The first race is at 2:30. As usual, the long-shot players will be in action early and often, the customary situation of horses that have | been campaigning since Fall running | up against those that have been awsy from the races, always being produc- tive of upsets, and encouraging the bettors who like to go shopping for a | price. | The mild Winter that has prevailed in this section, however, has allowed trainers quartering nearby to keep their charges in first-class condition. About 1,000 horses are on the ground at Bowie, and others will be | brought in from Havre de Grace, Pimlico and Laurel for special stakes. The Lewis and Thos Saltz Establishment, 1409 G Street,N. W, Sports Jackets THE LEWIS & Showing of Sports Jackets embrace the Finest THOS. SALTZ tic Fabrics, especially woven for sportswear. Hand Tailored in Smart, New Models for this Season. Of fine Shetlands and Camel hair, they mirror the Glowing THE Mrs. Elizabeth E. Guggenheim Pays Fine in Hit-and-Run Case Mrs. Elzabeth E. Guggenheim, so- cially prominent wife of M. Robert Guggenhein, 2800 Woodland drive, paid a $75 fine in Police Court yes- terday afternoon after pleading guilty to a hit- and - run driving charge. Mrs. Guggen- heim told Judge John P. McMa- hon the accident occurred shortly after midnight when she was alone in her car, and she left the scene because she did not know if “the other driver was & gentle- man” She did not wish to engage in an argument in the street at that hour of the morning, she added. The other driver, Carter F. Gibson, 4615 Highland avenue, said he stopped his car to double-park temporarily in the 4100 block of Wisconsin avenue March 5 when another automobile crashed into his machine from be- hind. b Gibeon said the driver pulled around his car and proceeded about five blocks before he overtook her. Gibson said his auto suffered about $40 damage. Mrs. Guggenheim Gibeon'’s wife telephoned police and Mrs. Guggenheim was held under $500 bond on a charge of leaving the scene of an accident without making known her identity. No one was hurt in the mishap. Mrs. Guggenheim was represented by Attorney Willlam P. McCracken, jr, former Assistant Secretary of Commerce, and Attorneys Errett Smith and Cyril 8. Lawrence. PROBE TO OPEN Mine Explosion, Killing Nine, to Be Investigated. PUNXSUTAWNEY, Pa, April 1 (#)—The Bureau of Mines investiga- tion into the Kramer mine explosion, in which nine lives were lost, will be- gin tomorrow. Patrick Nairn of Carrolltown, deputy secretary of mines, said he expected the inquiry to last two days. The coroner’s inquest has been set tenta- tively for Saturday, April 10. The miners died Saturday. Nairn said two were killed by a blast which occurred about 5:15 pm. and the other seven in another explosion around 8:30 p.m. Use o} Irish in the Free Btate civil service will be increased. EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., THURSDAY POLICE PREPARED IN'INDIA CRISIS Ready to Put Down Violence of Foes to Shift to Semi- Home Rule. B the Associated Press. CALCUTTA, Indis, April 1—Con- fronted by s swiftly spreading general strike, India’s vast corps of police and soldiery was held in tense readiness today to put down any violent opposi- tion to the birth of constitutional semi-home rule for 11 legislative provinces. The new constitution for Indis, which Nationalists oppose as not giv- ing them enough independence, went into effect today. All commodity markets were closed, along with numerous shops and mills. Nationalist newspapers suspended publication. Processions of adherents of the Con- gress party, the extremely nationalistic organization demanding complete in- dependence, wended their noisy way through the Calcutta business district, carrying their party’s tricolor flag. Shout for Boycott. They halted in front of European shops and banks and yelled a bitter APRIL 1, 1937. refrain: “Boycott the constitution! Boycott the constitution!” Others wearing black arm bands cycled through other parts of the city, shouting anti-constitution slogans at the top of their voices. The majority of shops were closed in Delhi where a big procession, in- cluding several Congress party lead- ers, was held. ‘Twenty-five persons were arrosted ‘The Congress party called the “har- tal” or passive work stoppege as & protest against a qualified Indian in- dependence from Great Britain. Large Demonstirations Banned. British authorities had banned any large demonstrations and had for- bidden the leaders of the Congress party to organize processions. Some shops closed merely because the pro- prietors feared damage from rioting. The Calcutta Corp., similar to s city council and dominated by native In- dians, closed the schools and corpora- tion offices, however, to show its dis- approval of the new government. Mohandas K. Gandhi, no longer president of the Congress party but still perhaps its most effective leader, had taken responsibility for refusal of elected legislative representatives in 6 of the 11 provinces to assume office. The party held clear majorities in those States. A British hope that Gandhi would intervene and temper the extreme position of other party leaders, in- SPORT CENTER...8th & D Sts. N.W. More than 2,500 Another Scoop! Walter Hagen STEEL SHAFT WOODS AND IRONS $4.50 CONTINENTAL IRONS A once in a blue moon offering of world famous WALTER Heads are origi- HAGEN Irons. nal Bi-flector back $ models, chro- mium plated satin finish . . shafts are black Permo-finished Hagen high carbon spring steel. Black leather grips. 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Interests outside the Congress party sought to put the constitution into effect through formation of coalition or minority party governments in the provinces where the Congress party has refused to form ministries because of the refusal of British-appointed governors to waive special powers. ‘These special powers include legis- Iative veto and the privilege of acting without cabinet consent toward forci- ble restorstion of provincial tran- quility. American rubber toys may be intro- Ad Club Jamboree Tuesday. The annusl jamboree of the Adver- tising Club of Washington will be held at the Shoreham Hotel at 8 p.m. Tuesday. The next meeting of the club will be held April 14 in conjunction with the pre-opening of radio station WOL'S new quarters, at 1627 K street. Air Conditioning Aids Appetites. Installation of air-conditioned dining cars and train equipment has resulted in an increase in the number of orders for heavy meals, according to officials duced into Brasil. new wider brims. ’ EUGENE C. of the dining car services. It's Wider... It's Willow. .. It's the Dobbs It's the new Cavalier with the famous Cavanagh Edge and the graceful snap and dash that dis- tinguish a Dobbs. Crown shaped to 'take’ the Willow’s the color this sea- Come in and see them—feel them—wear OTHER DOBBS—$5 and $7.50 Sidney West, nc 14™ ¢ G GOTT, Pres. 14th and G Sts. Reg. $7.95 (6-inch and 7-inch PAR GOLF BAGS $3.99 o D-Rings and Ovals o Zipper Ball, Shoe Pocket and Hood o Studded Dome Bottoms Regular $5.50 to $8.50 KROYDON IRONS 53.45 - @ All hi-power shafted @ Some stainless steel heads ® Models 80, 85 end 90 SPONT CENTER 8th & D STREETS N.W. . . Phone Metropolitan 6444 Colors of the English Spring Countryside. GOLF Shetland Sports Coats $29.50 SLACKS Genuine Camel Hair $35.00 Imported Scotch Fabrics $40.00 Domestic Flannels $16.50 Domestic Gabardines $18.50 IN AN ASSORTMENT WHICH WE BELIEVE THE LARGEST TO BE FOUND IN THE ENTIRE CITY OF WASHINGTON *These Imported Sports Jackets must be seen o+ - they cannot be adequately described, nor can they be duplicated. They are Exclusive with the Lewis and Thos. Saltz Establishment. “Tom Stewart” GOLF BALLS $4.95 & $6 SPIKED GOLF SHOES WESTYLE CLOTHES You can see at a glance what words alone can never describe—the quality—the styling—the superiority of Westyle Clothes. They disprove the idea that good clothes are necessarily ex- pensive. See for yourself! TOPCOATS 30 35 Sidney West, nc 14™ ¢ G EUGENE C. GOTT, Pres. SUITS Sports Trousers IN A SPLENDID ASSORTMENT $8.50 to $12.50 LEWIS & TH°S. SALTZ INCORPORATED 1409 G STREET N. W. NOT CONNECTED WITH SALTZ BROTHERS INC. Free Parking . 2 % % § % % i