Evening Star Newspaper, December 10, 1936, Page 6

A—6 #» < HEIR-PRESUMPTIVE WINS STRONG SCOTCH BACKING Serious Outlook on Empire Affairs Contrasts Him to Edward—Elizabeth Is Next new monarch-to-be is home-loving and Britain's known as a practical, man, serious and conservative, studious without being a scholar. Though educated for the sea. he became the chief worker of the House of Windsor in preaching co-operation among all classes in industrial Britain. As a prospective ruler, his own brother, Edward VIII, when he was| Prince of Wales, made this solemn pronouncement: “My brother Bertie would make & better King than I would.” “Bertie,” as the new King has been known in his family, takes his first name—and, many say, his seriousness —from his great-grandfather, Prince Albert, consort of Queen Victoria. He-was born December 14, 1895, in York Cottage, Sandringham. Queen Victoria was still on the throne and December 14 was sacred to her as the anniversary of the death of her husband. The new prince was given the names Albert Frederick Arthur George. With his brother Edward VIII, who was less than 18 months his senior, he wss given the early education of a well-bred English boy before he | faced a naval career. Took Part in Battle of Jutland. That began when he was 13 and/ fasted until the end of 1917. In 1916] he took part in the Battle of Jutland, | serving in a fore turret of the Colling- wood, and she shelled German de- stroyers and the Derfflinger. Tilness, which resulted in operations €or appendicitis and duodenal ulcer, terminated his sea-going ambitions. Britain was still at war and the| young Prince turned to the new arm, aviation, into which many naval offi- cers were being drafted. He served in France with the independent air force | anad after the armistice won his wings. | With the coming of -peace he went | to Trinity College, Cambridge, with| his brother Henry, later Duke of | Gloucester, to complete his education, | riding & bicycle to lectures like any student, While he studied history, eivics and economics, he was also called upon as & member of the royal family to un-| dertake engagements. Sometimes he| deputized for his father, but more often it was for his busy brother, the Prince of Wales. Given Title of “Industrial Prince.” His title as “the Industrial Prince” grew out of the work in which he specialized aimost from the beginning —touring factories, sponsoring youth erganizations, preaching co-operation among the classes and supporting the | wedical betterment of the nation. | His_chief organ in this work was| the Industrial Welfare Soctety, of | which he was long president, and his | most notable innovation was the founding of what came to be known s “the Duke of York Camp.” Gave Boys ‘Vacation, In the camp he annually brought together for a two-week vacation 200 boys from the factories of the land and 200 from the elite preparatory schools to live and play together. Prince Albert was created Duke of York in 1920 and took his seat in the House of Lords, but he was little in- | terested in politics and seldom at- tended the sessions to listen to the debates. His marriage to Lady Elizabeth | Bowes-Lyon, a commoner, daughter of the Earl and Countess of Strathmore, took place April 26, 1923, in West- minster Abbey. The marriage of a prince in direct Mne to the throne to one of his father's subjects was unusual though not un- precedented and in the nationalism which had followed the war and the peace-time rehabilitation it was highly popular. | plied himself thoroughly he did not | outside | Johnston.” | early 1915 that he rejoined his ship. | Jutland. % in Line. Army men taught them military drill and discipline. There was foot ball with the village boys at Sandring- ham, and the sports of a well-bred English boy—cricket, shooting, riding and even a little golf. The early days were peaceful, but their mother, the future Queen Mary, was Spartan-like with the youngsters, for she remembered the training of her own genteel, but far from wealthy, girlhood. In January, 1909, when he was 183, the young Prince entered the naval training school at Osborne and two years later went to Dartmouth, ‘When Edward VII died in 1910 Al- bert and Edward marched solemnly in the funeral procession behind the new King, their father: the German Kalser and the Duke of Connaught. They were clad in their cadet uniforms, with little Eton “monkey jackets” in blue with gilt buttons and blue peaked caps with white crowns. Albert Faced Serious Business. Edward had become heir apparent and his life was no longer his own, but for Albert there was still the seri- ous business of making of himself an efficient naval officer. He studied mathematics, physics, electricity, engineering, French, Eng- lish composition and literature and naval subjects—and though he ap- distinguish himself. Examinations, he confessed later, found him ‘“usually at the bottom of the lists.” Land trairing over, he went 2board the 9,000-ton cruiser Cumberland to find his sea legs in the usual six- month cruise. He learned to swing his own ham- mock and had his first glimpse of the world. The cruiser visited Teneriffe, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Barba- does, Martinique, Dominica, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Havana, Bermuda, Canada and Newfoundland. On his return he became a mid- shipman aboard the Collingwood, where his shipmates calied nim “Mr. He took his duties as they came, including a turn at the dirty job of coaling. There was a two- month cruise in the Mediterranean. Then came the World War—but the Prince almost missed action. A month after the war broke out he became ill and was rushed to land for an appendicitis operation. After convalescence he was sent for service in the admiraity and it was not until Early in 1916 he was forced to go ashore again and served in the! admiralty, but rejoined his ship in time to take part in the Battle of Baptism Under Fire. His baptism under fire came when the Collingwood started shelling Ger- man destroyers and the Derfflinger. His station was in a fore turret, and he carried out the routine so thor- oughly that he even served up lhe usual cocoa to his turret mates. For his work he was mentioned in Admiral Lord Jellicoe’s dispatches, and one of his mementoes of the oc- casion is the white ensign Colling- wood flew during the battle. He remembered the occasion when, | preparing an evening snack in mi‘ home, he told his wife: “Let me | make the cocoa. I know all about the job.” | After Jutland the Prince spent a good deal of time aboard hospital ships. He suffered from gastric trouble and finally, after a period as acting lieutenant aboard the battle- ship Malaya, he went ashore and underwent an operation for duodenal ulcer. Their first ~hild, Princess Eh7abeth1 Alexandra Mary, was born April 21, 1926, and their second, Princess Mar- garet Rosé, August 21, 1930. | The Duke, meanwhile, though he bore his share in fulfilling the engage- | ments of the royal family, was diffi- | dent and remained in the background | as much as he could.: His difficulty was stammering. | Hard consonants were the greatest | hurdles which faced him and he fre- | quently embarrassed himself and his listeners through his inability to utter what he wanted to say. Stammering Cured. Specialists, one after another, were baffled, and it remained for a young Australian, Lionel Logue, to effect a | cure. Under Logue's guidance, the duke embarked .upon & two-year pro- gram of training which brought him | fluent speech. The first real test came May 9, 1927, when he opened the new Parliament buiiding of the Australian common- wealth in Canberra—and he spoke without faltering. Thence forward, tholgh his natural reserve continued to give him the rep- utation for being the quietest member of the House of Windsor, his excep- tional shyness faded. The tour of Australia and New Zealand was his most extensive im- perial trip, but in 1924-25 the Duke and Duchess visited East Africa. They bave also been on a number of mis- sions to European capitals. In their home circle, with two young daughters, they lived quietly. Their London home was 145, Pic- cadilly, across Green Park from Buck- ingham Palace, while their country home was in Windsor Great Park. ‘With the death of the Duke’s father, George V, and the accession of Ed- ward VIII, the Duke became heir pre- sumptive and to him fell the bulk of the duties Edward had carried out as Prince of Wales. . Destined for Navy. Britain’s new King was early des- tined for the navy. And if boyhood drawings are sig- nificant, a naval career was of his own choice. The navy and “engineering” are eombined in a spirited picture drawn in colored chalks when he was 7, showing a pump not only pouring out water without visible human aid, but flying the flag of & full admiral. As a youngster his training was much the same as that of his elder brother, Edward, but thé latter was meant for the throne and their paths soon divided. However, they learned the three R's together under ‘the same tutor, lean, intellectual H. P. Hansell, and under others a lot of other things, varying from French to dancing. | It marked the end of his naval service. In February, 1918 he went to the Royal Naval Air Service Station at| Cranwell and was one of the first| naval officers to be absorbed into the | Royal Air Force when the Naval Arm and the Royal Flying Corps were com- | bined. In October, 1918, he went to Nancy with the Independent Air Force where | he served on the staff or Sir (later Lord) Hugh “Boom” Trenchard who became commissioner of metropolitan police, London, 1931-1935. With the armistice, the prince un- dertook his first official mission on behalf of his father, representing him at the spectacular entry of King Al- bert of the Belgians into Brussels. Won Pilot's Wings. He did not return to England until February, 1919, and in the following July he won his pilot's wings. ‘Typical of his methodical ways was his qualification in the final test. On the day fixed he rose early in order to have the ordeal over. But & high wind was blowing and he was strongly advised to postpone his at- tempt. © With a matter-of-fact: “I can’t have it hanging over my head,” he went up and passed the test. After the peace. Albert Windsor stayed at home and forged a name as “the industrial prince” as his brother Edward voy- aged about the world as Britain's “ambassador of good will.” He went among his fellow country- man and saw and talked with them as they stood at their work until by 1932 he was able to say: “I have been able ot see nearly every industry in the country.” In the navy he had studied en- gineering and in his civil visits to factories he said he wanted “to see the wheels move around.” It has been estimated that in the reign of his father he saw more ma- chinery than all the other members of the House of Windsor put together. ‘While he talked with persons of all classes, he did not, however, make {riends easily. His natural reserve contrasted sharply with the human touch of Edward. He began specializing in social and industrial’ work immediately after the ‘War, even before he went to D cap and gown—and he drew the usual fine. His brief undergraduate life was frequently interrupted by the call of official duties for the then Prince of Wales was visiting Carads and the United States and later Australia and New Zealand and Albert had to deputize for him at home. He had become president of the Boys’ Welfare Association, he preached team spirit to children in a foundling home, he visited engineering works and coal mines and kept his eye open for ex-service men. In 1920 he became Duke of York and a year iater founded “the Duke of York’s camp,” in which he brought together lads from the factories and an equal number of wealthy young aristocrats. The camp developed out of his presidency of the Industrial Welfare Society, whose work he described as “cementing that fellowship between individuals in all walks of industry irrespective of class or occupation, which is the backbone of our imperisl program.” After his merriage to Lady Elisa- beth Bowes-Lyon in 1933 and the con- quest of speech impediment the tempo of his official life increased. ‘Younigsters began to look to him ‘Trinity College, Cambridge, in October, 1919, to study economics, civics and history. With him at school was his brothés Henry, later Duke of Gloucester, and they leased a house instead of going ' into residence ‘n the college. Find for Breaking Rule. "College ryles and tradition bowed no more for Prince than commonér, for on one occasion & proctor eaught One story is told of two little lads Who presented themselves bright and ly one morning &t the Duke’s Lon- home, 145 Piccadilly, and asked Yo see him. ‘Officials barred the way and mmmumnfindm msission. L4 o :Tearfully they explsined that. their \amsmmn-nfinnmfim 3 they asked, “is the Duke going to do about 1t?” Phones rang, contacts were made, and in short order the boys found themselves supplied with & new pluy- ground. Alone or with his wife, the duke inspected Boy Scout units, opened in- The former Duke and Duchess of York with their two daughters, Princess Margaret Rose, left. and Princess Eli. Edward VIII's abdication, Princess Elizabeth becomes the heir ayparmt to the British throne, occupied now by her father. beth, in a The Duke as a lover of sports and outdoor activities. At left: Golfing at Cambcrley Heath, Surrey. Two center pictures: At a boys’ camp which he sponsors, right: Returning from a swim at Southwold. . < recent scene. As a result of At —Copyright, ,4 P Wzreph.oto. In his home life, as the father oll They were drawn in the first 'ound skaters. The Dgle has also played two daughters, they saw again a “family man” with many of the traits which had endeared his own father to the British peoples, Active Spertsman. As a fportsman the new Kin; firmaries, spoke to countless industrial | equally at home on the goif link organizations and made s continual round of factories. Shews His Demecracy. A typical story, widely published to show his democrscy, involves one of his visits to & glue fyctory. The directors indicated certain parts of the factory might offend the duke’s sense of smell. He quickly vetoed the suggestion to dodge these parts, the story goes, with the explanation: “Why, people work there, do they not? Well, what's good enough for them is good enough for me.” His activities within the United Kingdom overshadowed his travels, but on official or unofficial missions he sailed around the world and saw many continental capitals. His first “imperial” trip was to East Africa in 1924-25, when he hunted rhinoceros and smaller game, saw the natives in their village life and dances and greeted British officialdom. In 1927, with the duchess, he voy- aged by way of the Panama Canal to New Zealand and Australia to ‘in- augurate the new political uplhl of the Australisn commonweslth in Can- berra, On the continent, s official repre- sentative of his father, he vigited' nearly all the capitals, .mndlu e positions, weddings, christenings, eor. onations and funerals. By the time he had become -heir presumptive to the lflfllh throne ‘on the - death . V, his_feDow him s & mar-of ‘wide shooting on Scottish moors, playing tennis, or riding to hounds. He swims and has played foot ball | and cricket, skated, ed and proved himself an oarsman. His intimates call him “a fine all- around sportsman.” He calls himself | “a player of games.” Experts have credited him with having the best and quickest eye for s ball in the family of the late George V. As » tennis player—a left handed one—he was good enough to compete at Wimbledon snd he invited the great William T. Tilden II in his prime for a three-set match on the court behind Buckingham Palace. As a tennis player—a left-handed & number of golf clubs, including the Royal and Ancient of St. Andrews, and among those he defeated in tour- nament play was his brother Edward. He has been called “as good & rider to hounds as any one” by an expert and with & gun he is ranked among the dozen best shots in the ocountry. His match with Tilden occurred in 1921 when the lanky Americsn w Ialnun( np Hu courts as America les champion. 'nldcnnn«vordl related how the then Duke of York sent & royal lim- ousine for him, whisked him to Buck- m-.nhkulnd provided him with “the most thrilling and amusing in- eident of my whole tennis career.” ‘The American ace found the quiet Iuh"ln excellent tennis. piayer.” Pive years later, partnered by his éne-time ecantrolier, Louis Creig, who mmnnum ke trisd | his strokes a3 Wimbledon. h fs o | C. P. Dixon. lof t bles competition against the | vete A. W. Gore and H. Roperi Ba C I een English singles cham- | in 1801, 1908 and 1909. | sarrett, who became chairman of | e English Lawn Tennis Association ad been doubles champion in 1909 with Gore and in 1912 and 1913 with Keen to make the most of having s prince of the ruling house as a competitor, the management sought to place the match on the center court—but the duke remained adamant that he play on an outside court. Gore and Barrett won on straight sets, 6—1, 6—3, 6—3. Practiced Golf Patiently. Later the duke turned miore ex- clusively to golf and by 1929 he had practically given up tennis. As a golfer he practiced patiently in the back yard of his London home | and in 1830 he drove himself into the captaincy of St. Andrews with & 200- yard tee shot. Fox hunting for & time was one of | his favorite sports. But in 1931 when he in common with the rest of the royal family gave up & portion of his annual “pay check” because of the | depression, he decided to sell his six hunters. Shooting took the place of hunting in the fleld, and experts quickly de- clared he was on his way to becoming one of the finest shots in the country. They saw he handled his gun like his father, who himself was & crack shot. He had & hunting box in North- ampton and frequently shoots over the royal moors in Scotland and at Sand- ringham in Norfolk. Occasionally he has been seen as s ice hockey. As » judge or ‘pectawr he has wit- nessed & wide ,variety of sporting events, lncludm} important cricket, rugby and soccer matches. When he as in New Zeal&nd he was even made a judge of a trotting race—a sport foreign to Englagd. Likes Det’ A favorite “i ain’s new King % to relax in an arm- chair before family hearth and read detective sfories. He has been fanked as an expert on the works of*the creator of Sher- lock Holmes, A.:Conan Doyle. And when mydtery yarns have lost their appeal, he furns to & good book on hunting or shooting. Through the : passing years, his fleeting hobbtes? have mirrored the hobbies of an ajerage man. When the building of radio sets When the builiing of radio sets was fixed & work dench in his study «nd produced sets that found their way to the homes of friends or to hospitals. Crossword pugzles were long his favorite way for:passing & quiet hour and under the guidance of his ‘wife he even took a ‘urn at kafitting. Outdoors, aside from sports, he has found his main recreation in gardening—which ranks in England less s & pastime than a deep study. In official life he was particularly attracted by loomotives and it has been said that ‘if he had not been born a prince ,nd had followed his natural bent .would have been an engineer. \ He has often ween seen in England on the footplat: of a regular train. ‘When he was in; New Zealand, during his 1927 tour “down under,” he cast himself in his t:vorlu role as engi- neer. Saw 'h-ulnlll Close Range. tive Stories. loor sport” of Brit-| trim, uniformed man—and instead were greeted by the coal-streaked face of the duke peering out of the cab with & wave of & grimy hand clutche ing & ball of cotton waste. As an amateur photographer, he had his own camera, projector and theater, |and recorded many incidents jn the | life of the royal family. | Obliged by newspaper photographe |ers to pose time and again, he has relished turning the tables upon them by getting behind the camera him- self. At one of his Summer camps he lined up photographers with the re- mark. “You are always photographing me, s0 now I'll photograph you.” Borrowing a camera, he made them pose until he was satisfied, and then, repeating the formula he heard often enough from their lips, he said, “I will take just one more—in case * * *.* Art little attracted him for its own sake, but he had a sharp eye for | errors. On one occasion, while attending an exhibition, he spotted a picture of the Duke of Connaught wearing the rib= bon of the Order of the Garter over the wrong shoulder. At another art show he paused be- I!ore a portrait of Napoleon by Jean | Ingres and demanded to know why the wrong hand was thrust in t traditional pose of “the little corporal” through a resplendent jacket. “The buttons are on the wrong side,” be explained. Britain's new Queen is the first commoner to share the throne since the time of the oft-married Henry VIIL The blue-eyed, dark-haired daughe ter of an aristocratic Scottish fame ily, she has long been known to the world as the Duchess of York and the mother of Princess Elizabeth, the heir to the throne, and Princess Mar« garet Rose. Yet, until her engagement to the Duke of York in January, 1923, she was virtually unknown to the British public. She was then Lady Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon, daughter of the Earl and Countess of Strathmore ! and Kinghorne. The grim and stately seat of the earl was Glamis Castle in the thanedom once belonging to Macbeth. Educated at Home. Apart from two terms spent in a day schol in London, she was edu- cated entirely at home. She studied music, learned to become a needie- | woman, took & turn at cooking and | engaged in the outdoor life of & Brite | ish gentlewoman. Once, attired in housemaid's garb, she showed a group of American | tourists over Glamis Castle. While the new Queen comes from {an old Scottish family, and her hus- | band has often referred to her as “my Scottish wife,” she was born August 4, 1900, at the family'’s Eng- lish seat, St. Paul's Waldenbury There, on & Wintry Sunday morn- ing, January 14, 1923, the second son of George V proposed and was ac- cepted. It is traditional that Dukes |of York “marry for love” and the romance was termed “a simple, old= fashioned love match. | But it was not so simple for the { duke. The Earl of Strathmore later | disclosed that the duke proposed three times to his daughter before she ac- | cepted. There was no modern precedent for | the marriage of a commoner with a royal prince close to the throne in the succession, though a number of Enze lish princesses were wed to commone ers, including the duke's sister. win | married Viscount Lascelles, later tre Earl of Harewood, in 1922. Possible Precedents, George IV, however, had been se- cretly married to the widow Ma: Fitzherbert, though they separated fore he came to the throne, and before him James II married Anne Hyde, daughter of Lord Clarendon. She died before he became King. The Duke of York and Lady Eliza- beth were married with full pomp April 28, 1923, in Westminster Abbe:. George V had conferred on the bride the dignity of a princess the day pe- fore and at the wedding breakfast he announced her designation as a royal highness. xM’l‘he royal family fully approved of . Queen Mary, with whom she be- came increasingly popular, had said her new daughter-in-law was “not one of these modern girls, thank Heaven The duchess avoided extremes. In her dress she has been uniformly con- servative and there were no plucked eyebrows and no bobbed hair Coming from a large family, with her fair share of brothers whose in- fluence had been enough to make a tom-boy of her, she was likewise popular with her royal brothers-in« law. Edward, then Prince of Wales, look- ing forward to the day when his broth- er might succeed him to the throne, called her “Queen Elizabeth.” Joined in Public Duties. As a public personage she took her place by the side of her husband in tulfilling the innumerable engagements of the ruling house, though she has never displayed the energy that typi- | fied Queen Mary. | Her first child, Princess Elizabeth, was born April 21, 1926. The duchess early learned what it was to be a public personage, for, before her daughter was a year old, she had to leave the infant with her grand- parents and join the duke in his | Australian tour. Her second child, Princess Margaret Rose, was born August 21, 1930, in Glamis Castle. Not since Charles I ‘was born in Dunfermline had a royal child been born in Scotland. While devoting herself to the educa= tion of her daughters she continued to fulfill royal engagements and to | carry on a reputation for friendliness that was particularly niarked because of its contrast with the reserve of her husband. ROBBED CHASING ROBBER Huckster Loses Bag of Potatoes and Six More Besides. CAMDEN, N. J. (#).—Earl Foy, s huckster, was returning to his wagon when he saw & man casually lift a bag of potatoes from the cart and place it in an automobile. Foy yelled.: The man jumped into the car and sped away. Foy chased afoot for several blocks, then gave up. He walked breathlessly back and in dismay found six more bags of pota- toes missing. Stolen Chickens Silent. OCOLUMBIA, 8. C. (A).—Police re- Ported they arrested a man with 11 mute gnd uncomplaining hens he had stolen from s suburban coop. The chickens were silent because