Evening Star Newspaper, October 24, 1935, Page 10

{ THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. “THURSDAY .October 24, 1935 ‘Sz ca s el ol THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editor e The Evening Star Newspaper Company. 11th 8t. and Pennsylv: New York Office: cago Office: Buropeas Ofice: 14 Rerent t. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Editlon. star__., Breniie .nnnsnnd. 5c per month =wweBC DEr CODY Night Final Edition, a day Star....70¢ per mont] mfi{n”‘:’f"" ‘EF';“ z‘:n o1 Cach, g, & " Orders muy be sent by mall of telephons Na< tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. .. $10.00: 1 mo., 85¢ E: on! % "$6.00: 1 mo.. B0c unday only_. :00i 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. fly ard Sunasy.. ally oLIY_.... Sunday only=Z. Member of the A-tlfled Press. ‘The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of ail news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this Ppaper and also the local news published herein. 4L risnts of publication of svecial dispatches erein are also reserved. _— Britain’s Peace Election. Prime Minister Baldwin announces that Parliament will be dissolved and general elections held on November 14. In proclaiming the government’s inten- tions he discloses the issue on which it seeks to retain power. It asks for vin- dication of its policy in supporting the League program of economic sanctions @gainst Italy and for authority to strengthen British armaments in order that Britain may be better prepared to meet the “risks of peace.” Astute politician that he is, Mr. Baldwin has chosen the present moment for appealing to the electorate because of the virtually national unanimity with which the government’s procedure in the Italo-Ethiopian conflict is supported. It has its critics and opponents, even within Tory imperialist ranks. Lloyd George and other disaffected Liberals, too, are sniping at it. Laborites have split over it. But by and large public opinion approves the strong stand @gainst international aggression which Britain has taken at Geneva. If the government had any doubts on that score they were removed by two remarkable events within the recent past. One was the “peace ballot,” which re- vealed that more than ninety per cent of enrolled British voters—a total of some eleven million—favor continued British membership in the League. Roundly six million recorded themselves in favor of sanctions against a declared aggressor and for military force in carrying them into effect, if necessary. The other de+ velopment that persuaded the Baldwin- ites that they could at this time suc-, cessfully go to the country is the Labor party’s overwhelming vote of confidence in the government's Italo-Ethiopian policy. If Britain is to continue to take “risks for peace,” the prime minister declares, the government must be given the re- quisite strength on land, on sea and in the air to equip the nation for meeting its League obligations. There are intima- tions that the treasury, in the event the government is sustained, will float a defense loan of £200,000,000 for expand- ing armaments, especially naval and gerial. “If I am not given the power required,” Mr. Baldwin bluntly told the House, “I shall leave this policy of peace to those who think the risks are worth taking.” In the present mood of British electors, the government seems amply justified in venturing to test its fortunes at the polls. The circumstance that it is ready to do so after a whirlwind campaign of barely three weeks betokens rugged con- fidence. Labor having come into camp on the paramount issue of Britain’s fight for collective action.in behalf of peace, Mr. Baldwin is rid of the gravest danger his party faced, even though Labor may emerge from the election a numerically stronger opposition force in Parliament than it now constitutes. Should peace in Africa be assured by November 14, because of Italian realiza- tion that League sanctions spell the certain doom of Mussolini's adventure, the British government's electoral cause will be substantially bulwarked. In any event, Mr. Baldwin is striking while he thinks the iron is hot. He has divided the Labor party, confounded the Lib- erals, gratified the pacifists and aroused the enthusiasm of the elements de- manding a stronger fleet and air force. On the issue of loyalty to the League and the armed means to vin- dicate that loyalty whenever the occa- sion demands, the Conservatives are ready for a fight for their political life. —_——— The Symphony Shell. Difficulties regarding the Winter hous- ing of the shell which formed the back- ground for the performances of the Na- tional Symphony Orchestra last Sum- mer at the Water Gate should not be insuperable. The barge on which the shell was reared belongs to the Navy, having been loaned for this particular use. The shell itself was constructed by the parks authority. The orchestra furnished the programs and one hun- dred thousand Washingtonians consti- tuted the season’s assemblage of delight- ed listeners. The experiment of open- air music of high quality was entirely successful, and it is the hope and ex- pectation of the Capital community that it wili become an annual event. The place chosen for the symphonic concerts is ideal, the setting is unsur- passed, and there is ground for hope that the success of the Summer program of music will lead to an enlargement of the equipment and its establishment as a permanent feature. A fixed stage and reflecting background might well be provided of sufficient size to permit large-scale performances and assemblage productions. It has already'been proposed that a ceremonial landing stage be provided at the Water Gate for the reception of high dignitaries of other lands who may h THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, come to Washington by sea. This would be altogether suitable, and in view of the unsurpassed scenic setting it would make the approach to the National Capital by water the most impressive anywhere in the world. The develop- ment of such & project would not be incompatible with the construction of a permanent stage and shell for musical, histrionic and pageantry events. There 1s ample space, and it is not beyond the range of ingenuity to find a way, if de- sirable, of removing the shell itself from a permanent base to adapt to an occa- sion on which it would not be suitable. ‘While such a plan is being developéd— whether for large-scale productions or not—there is no occasion for the demoli- tion of the structure that served last Summer to give the utmost gratification to the musical tastes of the people of Washington, who demonstrated their appreciation by an attendance which surpassed all records and gave promise of even larger patronage hereafter. War and Traffic Deaths. The pictures of two grave stones were printed in The Star of last Friday, which tell a terrible story of slaughter. One of them bore the inscription “1776-1935 —Americans Killed in All the Wars of Our History, 244,357.” The other bore this message: “1920-1935—Americans Killed in Last Fifteen Years of Automo- bile Accidents, 388,936.” In this graphic manner is brought directly home to the American conscious- ness the fact that there is in progress in this land a war of greater costliness than any ever fought by the dwellers within the United States since its foun- dation. This war is waged for no good cause. No principle of government, no factor of human rights is involved. It is a decidedly “unrighteous” war, caus- less, needless, futile. On the one side in this warfare are ranged in the offensive human careless- ness, recklessness, selfishness and in- competence. On the other side, in the defense, are human carelessness and weakness and possibly selfishness. The offensive in this war is conducted by the motor car and its driver, who ignores the rules and the rights of others and the weaknesses of others. He has the maiming, killing power. His victims are without armor or shelter and often foolhardy. Just take the figures as they stand: Nearly a quarter of a million lives lost in wars in the course of one hundred and fifty-nine years and many more than a third of a million lives lost in traffic accidents in fifteen years! Project this latter figure to the'span of the former period and see the result: 4,122,711 victims! That is a terrible price to pay for speedy individual transport. What has been gained by it? Nothing, absolutely nothing. If those deaths could be “cap- italized,” translated into terms of mone- tary loss, in all the many forms that a traffic death affects the material welfare of the direct and indirect sufferers, the total would be staggering. This war can be stopped, if the people are so minded. For there is practically no such thing as an unavoidable trafic accident. In every case there is a human fault, incompetence, inexperience, exces- sive speed, the overstraining of the mechanism without occasien, inattention, bravado—many are the strictly human causes of this slaughter, on both sides of the traffic equation, all of them avoidable, It is to be hoped that the memory of those two grave stones will remain vivid reminders to all motor drivers and all who use the streets afoot and that this memory will serve as a constant re- minder of the obligation that every driver and every pedestrian owes to him- self, his family and to society to be careful and considerate—and not to be in a dangerous, heedless hurry, ———————__ Ethiopians accept ridicule with pa- tience when some of their revered tra- ditions are ruthlessly assailed. Hitler is aware that this trait of submission is by no means limited to peoples geo- graphically classified as barbarous. ———————— If all the so-called beautiful society women who figure in homicide sensations were genuine articles there would hardly be enough charm and distinction re- maining to equip a Winter's round of tea parties in various communities. ————— One of the things a wise professor learns is that he must not believe all he reads in a college paper. Unclean Books Drive. The current campaign on porno- graphic literature directed by Kildroy P. Aldrich, chief Post Office Department inspector, should have the support of every decent citizen. It is intolerable that the mails should be perverted by professional panderers. Especially wher! shameless publishers send salacious ad- vertising matter to school children some- thing definite and drastic should be done, without mercy and without delay. Granted that there is a certain small class of books which are only inciden- tally obscene and that among them are some of the very greatest products of literary genius, there can be no ques- tion about the viciousness of commer- cial exploitation of their faults. It is an insult to the authors and to the pub- lic to stress the shady passages in their works at the expense of their legitimate esthetic and historical value. But still worse, from any normal point of view, is the pretense of science which has been employed to cloak the lecher- ousness of diseased minds engaged in writing pornography for financial gain in the guise of anthropology and eth- nography. Such misrepresentation strikes at the foundations of civilization, en- courages disbelief in the elemental in- tegrity of mankind and prompts disre- gard for laws which, even in their prehistoric origin, reflect a developed conscience necessary to social progress and peace. : The New York dealers in filth, in effect, are libelers of humanity. Their wares are treasonable in their influence, and the Federal Government is well advised when it moves to stop their cir- culation. Mr. Aldrich deserves the ap- preciation of every father and mother in the land for his decision to terminate a racket so vile in motive and so in- excusably evil in result. His success will harm letters not at all. On the con- trary, it should be indorsed by writers as & class. Still more important, it should be commended by the reading public, whose money the sharpers aim to get and for whose welfare they care noth- ing whatever, Edwin C. Brandenburg. A native of Washington and long a faithful and valuable worker for its interests, Edwin C. Brandenburg, who passed away yesterday after a long {ll- ness, will be greatly missed and mourned. He gave his best for the advancement of the .Capital’s interests, both in direct services and in advisory capacities. His sterling qualities were highly regarded by his fellow citizens, with whom he labored for Washington's welfare, and his success in his professional career was a source of pride to those with and near to whom he had lived for so long, with only a brief interruption in earlier years. His winning personality and his excep- tional intellectual equipment won for him the admiration of the community of which he was so intimate and valuable a member. Though illness had lessened his activities for several years, he re- tained his keen interest in the causes of political and fiscal equity for Wash- ington, in which he was helpfully and inspiringly enlisted for decades. And for these services he will be cherished as one of Washington's most devoted and faithful sons. Actors are admitted to consideration as worthy of Government encourage- ment. An actor out of a job may be regarded as an artist, in accordance with an old cynicism which defined a politician as a statesman out of a job. ————— A gentleness of speech is encouraged even in politics by the fact that a rival may at any moment claim a tribute of dignified sympathy as the victim of fire, flood or earthquake, not to mention a motor crash on land or in the air. —_— e A good father tries to assist the young folks in their studies and should not be subjected to too much surprise by what he may happen to run across in the school books. —_——————— Efforts to keep business out of politics must contemplate the fundamental need of keeping class prejudices out of business. A European statesman may occasion- ally feel the desirability of an appeal to popularity based on a “kept us out of war” slogan. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. General Rejoicing. Everybody's happy down to Pohick-on- the-Crick. The yaller flowers are comin’ out in gorgeousness so thick It looks as if the world had grown so wealthy an’ so gay That it was turnin’ loose its gold an’ throwin’ it away. The maple leaves are blushin’ as they’re noddin’ to the breeze That whispers somethin’ softly as it passes through the trees, through the ripplin’ brook the sun its flashin’ radiance flings Till the water seems made up of nothin’ but engagement rings. An’ The Summer seemed to linger with the blossomin’ so fair, A-waitin’ fur some pleasant news to rustle through the air, An’ hopin’ maybe it could coax the birds to sing a tune ‘Bout the flowers in October bein’ sweet as flowers in June. The fields are full of beauty and en- deavorin’ far an’ wide To look jes’ like a big bouquet in honor of a bride. The minutes as they pass us go a-dancin’ light an’ quick, 'Cause we're feelin’ mighty happy down to Pohick-on-the-Crick. Has Quit Worrying. “When T first came to Washington,” remarked Senator Sorghum, “I was afraid I could not satisfy my constitu- ents.” “And now?” “Now I'm sure of it.” Baffled. “How many times has the Mona Lisa been taken from one place to another?” “I wouldn't attempt to say. I never could manage to keep up with all the moving pictures.” Startling Science. Professor Hibrow had a thought. In language proper it was taught, With purpose lawful, Till Mr. Lobrow came along With his vocabulary strong And made it awful! Head for Business. “Has your boy Josh a head for busi- ness?” “Yep,” replied Farmer Corntossel. “He’s always talkin’ about makin’ money. I kind o’ wish his hands was as good fur work as his head is fur business.” Carefully Prepared. “Does your husband make a report to you of how he employs all his time?” “Yes. But he censors it.” Endless Program. Let us protest with all our might ’Gainst deeds that men deplore; And if they still offend our sight Let us protest some more, “In order to understand how much con- versation dere kin be wifout settlin’ nuffin’,” said Uncle Eben, “all you got to do xto read a book of riddles.” D. THE POLITICAL MILL By G. Gould Lincoln. C. The Roosevelt administration is rely- ing on the A. A. A. program, with its Government checks to the farmers for compliance in the restriction of crops, to help re-elect President Roosevelt. In the opening paragraph of a speech deliv- ered over a Nation-wide radio hook-up last night by Chester C. Davis, admin- istrator of the A. A. A, he said: “The general election of 1936 is little more than one year ahead of us. . Some of the issues are already taking form. While I for one do not like to see the agricultural policies of this Nation made the subject of partisan debate, it is be- coming apparent that each party or candidate will have to put forward a farm program. And if I understand the thinking of the agricultural producers of the Nation, that program will have to be reasonably definite and clear in order to draw farm support. In other words, when a candidate goes before the country with his farm program he had better take his blueprints along with him.” X X Kk % The inference is plain. The Demo- cratic administration has a definite pro- gram for the farmers, It will go to the bat on that program. The only sugges- tior regarding the farm problem to come yet from an avowed candidate for the Republican presidential candidate is that the United States adopt an export bounty, to be paid farmers on their ex- portable surpluses. It has been put for- ward by Col. Frank Knox, publisher of tne Chicago Daily News. With that plan Mr. Davis takes direct issue. He says that it cannot work. Conditions have changed since the days when Mr. Davis worked for the export bounty. The United States has become a creditor in- stead of a debtor Nation. It no longer pays its debts with raw materials, in- cluding farm crops. Trade barriers have been erected by foreign nations which prevent the exportation of foodstuffs in large quantities from the United States. * x X % As Mr. Davis sees it, and undoubtedly as many other members of the Demo- cratic administration see it, the farmers of the West are not going to change in their allegiance to the New Deal if the G. O. P. turns its back on the A. A. A. and its Government checks. The farmers of the West are needed by the Repub- licans if they are to have any chance of defeating President Roosevelt. The answer therefore, seems to be that the administration will go right ahead with its present farm program—even if the vote on Saturday on the corn-hog pro- gram for 1936 does not show an over- whelming vote in fayor of that program. * % kX In concluding his address, Mr. Davis said that the farmers who come to listen to the candidates for office next year will have one thought in mind, a thought which is fundamental in the A. A. A. program. He put that thought as follows: “Non-agricultural industries, under our economic system, have universally practiced restriction of output in order to maintain price. Corporate industries would no more think of running their plants at full capacity year in and year out, throwing the output on the markets regardless of price, and regardless of unsold stocks piled up, than they would think of burning the factory building down once a year to celebrate the Fourth of July. The farmers will want to know why they, of all the elements of society, must be the only ones to hang them- selves in this manner. Now that is an issue that will persist in challenging any one who undertakes to drive it away.” * % k% The Federal Government has never yet paid any manufacturer of non- agricultural products for failing to pro- duce, If and when the manufacturers have curtailed output in order to main- tain price—Mr. Davis says they have— no one handed them checks for not pro- ducing shoes or desks or clothes up to the capacity of their plants. Perhaps Mr. Davis does not see this difference be- tween the operation of the A. A. A. and what has been going on in industry. But the general run of American consumers do not like the idea of paying any one for not doing something productive. It is bad psychology, so far as the men and women are concerned who must foot the bill for paying these farmers for not producing. It seems more reasonable to the common, ordinary man to pay for work and production, rather than to pay for not working and not producing. * x k% ‘The plethora of Republican candidates for Governor, Senator and other public office in Massachusetts, is indicative that the Bay State Republicans believe they have a real chance to trim the Demo- crats there next year. Joseph E. Warner, former attorney general, and before that Speaker of the State House of Repre- sentatives, is one of the last to come out for the gubernatorial nomination. ‘The present Speaker of the House, Leverett Saltonstall, is also a candidate for that nomination, a young man—43 years old—a veteran of the World War, and, like State Representative Henry Cabot Lodge, has a home in Beverly. Lodge, grandson of the late Senator Lodge, has come forward for the sena- torial nomination. Mayor Sinclair Weeks, son of the late Senator John W. ‘Weeks, may hop into the senatorial race, too. But there are those who believe that Mr. Weeks will prefer to run for the House, seeking to win back the ninth congressional district, now represented by a Democrat, Representative Russell of Cambridge. This district is normally Republican. Mr. Weeks, it is believed, could not only win the nomination, but could also be elected to the next Con- gress. If he follows such & course, it might prove a stepping stone to the Senate later. X K X X While Gov. Curley has dominated Democratic politics in Massachusetts in recent months, there are plenty of Demo- crats who do not love him. When it comes time to elect delegates to the next Democratic National Convention Gov. Curley, James Roosevelt, son of the President, and other Roosevelt Democrats in prominent places in the State will file a list of delegates pledged to the renomination of President Roosevelt, it is said. Unless Senator Walsh, Senator Coolidge and former Gov. Ely are willing to be “pledged” they may not be on the list supported by Curley. They will not be accorded the privilege of going “un- pledged” to the convention, if Curley has his way. Perhaps there are seeds for a real row in this situation, if Curley persists in a demand for a pledged dele- gation. Roosevelt-pledged delegations are in line with the campaign which is soon to be waged by the chairman of the Democratic National , Committee, Postmaster General James A, Farley. Geographies, From the San Francisco Chronicle. All a publisher of geographies can in ‘these troubled times is to get-out five-star edition and hope for the best. Assurance. / Prom the Philadeiphia Evening Bulletin, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E, TRACEWELL. Species of Tithonia, variously called the golden flower of the Incas and Aztec Glory, need about §% months from seed to flower. 8o it is best to plant them, evidently, indoors in February, so that their bloom- ing time would come in July or August, rather than outdoors in May, which throws their flowering rather late. The vogue for Mexican flowers has given the home gardener nothing more interesting than this. On shrubby stalks 12 to 15 feet high, the bright orange-scarlet blossoms nod high in the air, dwarfing their more humble relations, the zinnias, for long the favorites of a million gardens. It is a curious but natural quirk of fate that the zinnia, constantly becom- ing a better flower, has received the name of a German professor of botany rather than one indicative of the land of its origin, The name Tithonia, on the other hand, has a sort of Mexican sound, at least. * X X X There are probably not many plants of it in the National Capital. Our seeds came from Florida, where the Tithonia grows and blooms profusely. ‘They were planted outdoors during the first week of May. i Buds did not show until about October 1 and the flowers did not open until October 15. ‘While several brief periods of tem- perature as low as 34 degrees out our way resulted in some damage to the great leaves, the buds increased their color and finally opened out. Most persons think the blossoms are those of dahlias. Others liken them to zinnias. While catalogues speak of them as resembling “immense single zinnias,” ours look very much like miniature dahlias of a partic- ularly bright orange, with scarlet peering through the petals. PR One needs a stepladder to gather these blossoms, nodding on the tips of very tall stalks, or branches. ‘These particular plants are rather thin for the first two or three feet. They were very crowded. No doubt they would have branched out in bushy fashion had they been given enough room to begin on. The home gardener often makes this mistake. It is difficult, even with some experience, to picture the seedling as the grown plant. Every one knows how it is when setting out shrubs and ever- greens, Even when one knows they will grow tremendously in five years, the tempta- tion to place them close together is backed by the very small size at plant- ing time. What? These little things growing too large for the location? Surely they will never do it! Even as one thinks that, however, common sense says they will. Still, the space between these little plants, if we are to plant according to theory, seems very, very large, with the net result that most amateur gardeners, even when experience tells them better, insist on planting their flowers and shrubs too close together. Not only is the growth of the plants checked by this procedure, but the blooms often are dwarfed. * % ok We would recommend further experi- | mentation with Tithonia species in this climate, STARS, MEN ‘They seem to be ‘able to stand almost freezing without preventing them bloom- ing, even late. This is very much in their favor. Add- ed to their unusual size and coloration, combined with their tropical leaves, it helps make a plant very much worth while, especially in view of the present vogue for the Mexican garden. While the United States, along with the rest of the gardening world, has enjoyed the beauty of many Mexican flowers for a long time, it is only within the last year that much attention has becg'lvenwthanenunmn,u such. ‘This not only means the use of South American flora, but even more the ideas of Mexican architecture, especially as related to the patio. ‘The widespread adaptation of the court idea in gardening, with the inclosed gars den, however small, makes sure that in the future many a small béauty spot will be concealed from all but the eyes of the home folks and their friends. * ok x x Mexican gardening, if it appeals to one, can be practiced in cold climates as well as in the Southwest. ‘We could not have such a garden in full tropical splendor, perhaps, but still enough of it to be different and artistic. Not every one, of course, will like these bright plants. ‘There are many persons who profess to find nothing but the commonplace in the humble old zinnia. It is impossible to please every one. ‘There are artistic zinnias, however, of surprising grace and loveliness, only one must hunt for the exact shapes and tints desired. ‘The handling of exotic plants requires real artistic sense, including that best of all artistic senses, restraint. * x x The use of the Tithonia species de- mands certain very positive restrictions. The greatest of these is location. Since the Aztec Glory grows 12 to 15 it obviously needs a position at the rear of the garden. In places where old-fashioned sun- flowers and hollyhocks have been planted the Tithonia will go nicely. In such a situation its very large leaves will not look too big, but will fit in nicely with the general background. Single plants may be placed among shrubbery or evergreens, but it is prob- | ably best to group a number of them abcut 3 feet apart in some rear corner, where their bold masses of foliage would | help keep them all up. While this plant has very thick stems, it is probable that | some slight staking is necessary to pre- vent it from being toppled over in the sudden gusts which ordinarily accom- pany our Summer thunderstorms, espe- cially those of the late afternoon type. From our limited experience we believe | the Tithonia needs copious watering in order to keep its foliage, which is a sub- stantial part of its beauty, lush and full of green. - The other great necessity, in this cli- mate, is to get as early a start as pos- sible. No doubt when it is brought in flower in July or August its blooms are better in every way. If it is grown for two months indoors, when it is put out in May it will grow triumphantly in the heat of our Summers, AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. ‘There is a disease—one of the most malignant known to physicians—which actually lengthens the life of its victims. The average life span of those who suffer from it is from a few months to five or six years longer than the actuarial average for persons of the same race, sex and age groups of the population as a whole. And, says Dr. Raymond Pearl of Johns Hopkins University, it is a striking ex- ample of “the imperfection that so fre- quently appears in this world of ours. ‘The meanest and most dangerous class of the mentally deranged live longest.” ‘The disease is paranoia. The fact that it lengthens life was found in a statisti- cal study conducted by Dr. Pearl and Marjorie Gooch at Johns Hopkins and by Dr. Walter Freeman at St. Eliza- beth’s Hospital here. The results of this study are announced for the first time in the current issue of Human Biology, issued at Johns Hopkins. It was found that among colored vic- tims of paranoia both men and women lived more than five years longer than the mean life span of the race. Among white men and women the gain was only of a few months. The surprising result was that this was the only malady which resulted in longer life for both races. White sufferers from all the other mental diseases died sooner than the average of the white population. The colored insane generally lived longer than sane members of their race out- side hospitals, probably due to the bet- ter sanitation and nutrition. Colored men and women, whom para- noia apparently benefits most physically, seldom suffer from it. The race appears highly resistant to the peculiar system of delusions involved in this psychosis and it runs counter to the grain of the racial psychology. The white race is quite suspectible to it—and white victims profit only a few months in length of life. But, says the report, “the results sug- gest the odd paradox that paranoia seems to be, per se, a disease that conduces to long life. It certainly is not detrimental to race duration. PR R The statistical tables drawn up by Dr. Pearl and Dr. Freeman are based on the mortality of insane patients at St. Eliz- abeth’s Hospital. ‘They were grouped in three other classes, besides the paranoid. These were the cycloid, including all victims of manic depressive insanity; the schizoid, including all dementia precox victims who were by far the most nu- merous, and the epileptoid, or sufferers from various forms of epilepsy. The latter, in both races, were found to be considerably shorter lived, both in re- spect to other insane and to the popula= tion in general. Beth the cycloid and the schizoid maladies are behavior aberrations with no known organic cause. They are men- tally bug, on the surface, not physically sick. Nevertheless there is some sort of obscure pattern relation of mind and body so that, as is pointed out by Dr. ‘William A. White, superintendent of St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, the death rate of the insane is more than double that outside of mental hospitals. Paranoia seems tied up in a different sort of con- flict—unique among maladies both men- tal and physical. grows until the entire personality is woven around it. The paranoiacs fre- quently are quite disagreeable. They often commit acts of violence without the apparent shadow of an excuse. Assassins of Presidents, for example, usually have belonged to this class. Paranoia is usually a disease of the middle-aged. It seldom makes its ap- pearance before the late 30s. It has been called the “insanity of genius,” since its victims are often brilliant individuals. They often show no other trace of ab- normal behavior and one might talk to one of them for hours and, if the par- ticular subject of the persecution com- plex was not touched upon, be convinced that he was perfectly sane. Because of this it often is difficult to have paranoiacs committed to an insane hospital. To the lay jury they appear perfectly sane. Many of them, it is likely, never are committed. * x % x The peculiar relationship between paranoia and longevity was brought out from statistics prepared in a study by Dr. Freeman of ‘association between in- sanity and size and weight of the en- docrine glands. This was based on au- topsies of more than a thousand persons dying at St. Elizabeth'’s. ©One surprising fact brought out is that, both absolutely and in relation to the body weight of the individual, the adrenal glands are from 10 to 25 per cent heavier in the mentally deranged than in the normal. This may be made to fit into the general picture of mental derangement, however, since the secre- tions of these glands are known to have & profound effect upon behavior. The average weight of the thyroid gland, on the other hand, was slightly below that of the normal average. Gen- erally speaking, Dr. Freeman found, the insane were undersized but the women were much more so than the men. —_——— Belts and Food. From the Louisville Times. ‘The world’s population is increasing, but the world’s consumption of food is not increasing, which means more self- restraint, or more belt-holes. —_— e A Dosage Meter. Prom the Burlington (Iowa) Hawkeye Gazette. ‘This war may be determined by the amount of raw meat in Ethiopia and the amount of quinine in the Italian army. One Plow-Under Approved. Prom the Manchester (N. H) Union. Plowing under the fallen leaf crop would be a really good idea. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Raillery and Rancor The one I love may laugh at me. Her banter rouses ecstasy, Such tenderness is in the sound, Such sweet chords in her voice resound. Like the soft rush of winging dove ‘The laughter of my love. My foe begins to laugh at me. My blood runs hot, and instantly I want to spar! to fence! to fight!— His malice works such deadly blight, Like strings scraped by a rusty bow ‘The laughter of my foel ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any Question of fact by writing The Washinge ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. What is the average weight of a foot ball player's clothes?—L. 8. A. A foot ball player carries on his person underwear, shoes, stockings, foot ball pants, shoulder and hip pads, jersey sweater and a helmet, a weight of about 13’2 pounds. ° Q. Why is October 27 selected as Navy day?—P. D. A. Each year since 1922 the birthday of the late President Theodore Roosevelt, October 27, has been the occasion for a general “at-home” on ships and stations of the United States Navy. It has been most fitting for the day to be so used, since he was so largely responsible for building up the Navy to new strength and efficiency. It is the wish of the Navy Department and of the various national and patriotic organizations which are sponsors for the day that Theodore I}oosevelt be remembered on this occa- sion, Q. How old was Robert Emmet when he met his death?—H. H. A. He was 25 years old when he was hanged for treason. Q. What is the oldest business firm in the United States which has continu- ously carried the family name?—T. 8. A. J.E.Rhoades & Sons of Wilmington, Del, is said to be the oldest. It was established in 1702 and manufactures leather products. Q. Who was Grace Dodge, for whom the hotel in Washington is named?— A. H. E. A. She was a social worker and philan- thropist. As chairman of the Finance Committee of the board of trustees she feet high, even under adverse conditions, | 12.5¢d funds for the New York College for the Training of Teachers, now Teach- ers’ College, Columbia University. She founded a club for working girls, which grew into the Association of Working Girls’ Societies; organized the Travelers’ Aid Society and served on the executive board of the Y. W. C. A. Q. What is the nationality of the di- rectors of the Suez Canal? How often do they meet?—E. R. L. A. The directorate of La Compagnie Universelle du Canal de Suez consists of 21 Frenchmen, 10 Englishmen and 1 Hollander. They meet on the first Mon- day of every month, Q. What 1is absoluie music?>—H. L. F., A. Tt is pure, abstract musical composi- tion which is, or endeavors to be, wholly self-sufficient, not being associated with ideas or objects. It is considered by many musicians the highest type of music. The term is used in contrast to program music. Q. When was the word communism first used?—L. W. A. The term was coined in the secret | revolutionary societies of Paris between 1834 and 1839. Q. Who developed the idea of be- haviorism in psychology?—A. R. A. Dr. John Broadus Watson is known chiefly as the originator of the school of objective psychology, called behaviorism, by which human behavior is described in terms of physiological activity or of re- sponse to stimuli and the existence of conscious or unconscious mental activity is denied. Q. Who was the first woman to hold a cogm(x_’ssmn in the United States Army? A. In 1861 Dr. Mary Edwards Walker was commissioned assistant surgeon, U.S. A. She was the first woman to hold such a commission. Q. Where is the Belly River’—L. M. A. It riseés in the north part of Glacier Park, Montana, flows into Canada and Jjoins the Bow River to form the South Saskatchewan. VQV. Vghat does sartor resartus mean? A. It means the tailor retailored. Car- lyle's philosophical satire purports to be the author’s review of a German work on the philosophy of clothes. Q. What is the origin of the word club?>—L. F. G. A. The word is said to be derived from the Saxon cleofan, to divide—a club being an association, the expenses of which are shared among the members. Q. What was the former name of Goucher College, in Baltimore?—L. F. C. A. It was called the Woman's College of Baltimore until 1910, when it was renamed for John Goucher, who had been president of the college. Q. Where is Nero Deep?—M. B. A. 1t is a depression in the floor of the Pacific Ocean near Guam, 31,614 feet deep. Q. What is the length of the measure known as an ell?>—T. P. A. The term has been used to denote various lengths. The English ell, as a measure of cloth, is 1}{ yards, Flemish s % yard and French, 113 yards. Q. For what was Dr. MaSon Fitch Cogswell noted?—E. M. A. He practiced as a physician at Hart- ford, where he founded the first asylum for the deaf and dumb in America and an indtitution for the insane. In 1803 he introduced into this country methods of removing a cateract from the eye and of tying the carotid artery. Q. How many London churches were built or rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren? —S.R.T. A. Many of the London churches were destroyed by the great fire, lasting from September 2 to 6, 1666. Fifty of these were rebuilt by Wren, at a cost of 263,786 pounds, 10 shillings and 42 pence. The most expensive was St. Mary-le-Bow, 15,460 pounds, 6 shillings and 8% pence, ‘The cheapest was St. Vedast Foster, 1,853 pounds, 15 shillings and 6 pence. 8t. Paul's, which is the largest of London churches, was built by Sir Wren at a cost of 747,660 pounds. Q. What is a chuck-will's-widow?— M.C. ATt is & bird of the South allied to the nighthawk and the whippoorwill. Its call has the sound of the name. Q. Where is the longest fence?—W. W, A. There are long series of fences in Texas, but what is believed to be the longest fence in the world built at one time is the barbed wire fence built by the Italian government on the border of Libya. It extends from the sea 110 miles to Jarabub in the desert. The posts are set in concrete. Q. How.did the Holy Cross Mountain in Colorado gets its name?—J. B. A. It is named for the Greek cross formed on its slopes by snow-fllled ravines. A o