Evening Star Newspaper, October 20, 1935, Page 37

YOUNG MINER SPEEDS UP SOVIET COAL Variations of Plan Have Been Adopted by Railroads and Auto and Tracior Factories. BY JOSEPH B. PHILLIPS. MOSCOW.—Every branch of Soviet heavy industry, and some categories of light industry, have entered the fourth quarter of the year in a state of great flux and excitement as the outcome of innovations worked out by & young coal miner and veteran foundryman in an automobile plant. Already the Donbas Coal Basin, where the seed of the new movement first was, sown, has had its program of production for the fourth quarter in- creased from 180,000 tons daily to 220,000 and increases almost as sig- nificant appear imminent for the automobile and tractor factories, cop- per mines, tools factories, hydro- electric plants and many other branches of endeavor down to the excavation work on the new Moscow subway. Railways also have adopted their version of the movement, and in the light industries and textile mills in- | dividual women weavers are tending from 50 to 100 looms each, while shce | factories are establishing new output records. Although “Socialist compe- tition” has been established for some time as a means of increasing pro- duction in the Soviet, the impact of the new movement appears stronger than anything that has gone befora. Along with the new records, it has| created dissidents, The daily reports of achievements in production ac- company stories of punishment meted out to saboteurs—punishments rang- | ing from dismissal from jobs and | membership in the Communist party | to imprisonment and exile. Miner Makes Discovery. The history of the movement goes back less than a month, to the time when a young miner, Alekej Stak- hanov, fresh from industrial school, discovered by reorganizing the work- ing method, that he could produce more than 100 tons of coal per shift from each shaft in the Donbas Mine instead of the previous average of between five and six. Nikita Izotov, the Donbas basins’ crack miner and | holder of the Order of Lenin, liked the idea and before long the “shock workers” of the region were turning | out 30 to 40 times the average. When Izotov came to Moscow for his regular courses, the industrial academy gave a lesson to workers on & spur of the new subway and imme- diately excavation was speeded up 115 to 120 per cent. Although Stak- hanov still rates first among the new group of national heroes the news- papers have created since the move- ment started, his method now has a double name. It is known as the “Stakhanov-Busygin” method. Busy- gin, a foundryman at the Gorky auto- mobile plant first showed how the method could be adapted from the mines. ©One day he gathered factory officials | PRODUCTION of Stakhanov’s discovery seems to lie partially in the more intelligent organ- ization of the working shifts, it also is predicated on the use of tools. What the ultimate effect the inno- vation may be on production as a whole for the remainder of the Five- ‘Year-Plan, no one as yet has cared to forecast, but something may be in- ferred from the increase in plans for the Donbas mines for the last quarter and predictions that they now will ful- fill the Five-Year-Plan in four years. In the Prestakhanov days, these mines were lagging rather far behind sched- ules. The innovation also has given something of a wrench to the theories about the position of the individual worker in socialized industry. In one respect the change might be thought all to the good—or at least to the good of the individual pocketbook. | In the past the ideas propounded by Stalin tolerated and even encouraged | this, but nothing that has brought such rich individual rewards ever has | happened before. Most industrial | workers get fixed pay for fulfilling a | specified production norm, with re-| wards by piecework when they exceed | the norm. Workers who have caught | on quickly have suddenly begun to | make into thousands of roubles per month. Only today the newspapers reported a case of a miner at the| Kriverozhski basin making 447 roubles | a day. | Pioneers also have been showered | with praiss and rewards of other | | kinds. Two Vinogradov sisters who | | have been tending 100 looms apiece | in the textile mills were just pre- sented with automobiles and cash | | prizes of 1,000 rubles for one, 750 rubles for the other. But there has been a reverse to this medal. Ob- jectors and “saboteurs” also have been | the by-products of the new method. Deported to Siberia. At Stalino two workers were de-| ported to Siberia for beating up a “Stakhanovist”; in the Donbas basin two miners were sent to prison for two years and another received five years for threatening to maltreat one of Stakhanov's emulators. The heavier sentence was imposed because some one discovered he was the son of a Kulak. In some cases foremen and | engineers also are reported in oppo- | sition to the movement, as in the in- | stance of the foreman at the Gorky | automobile plant, who used under- hand methods to discourage a man who was turning out 1,500 armature rings per shift instead of 600. There is one definite reason why | these objections already have come to light. Although the Soviet workers are plentifully rewarded when they | exceed the daily production norm, they also are penalized when they fall below it. Generally the objectors seem to be found among those who | fear the new method will mean gen- | eral raising of norms. The opposi-| THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €., OCTOBER 20, 1935—PART TWO. Air Pioneering in Pacific Three Uninhabited Islands, Claimed By U. S., Will Aid Plane Line to China. BY WILLIAM ATHERTON DU PUY. THE United States Government has found three islands in the vast expanse of the Pacific by the airplane, have acquired an importance that formerly did not | exist. Today the Stars and Stripes float over those islands and groups of American citizens reside peace- fully beneath its folds engaged in & sort of pioneering that is different from that of the covered wagan days on the continent, but is none the less empire building. The islands in question are Jarvis, which sits on the Equator at the point where the 160th meridian crosses it and is therefore in the geographical exact center of the Pacific, and Baker and Howland, only some 60 miles apart, a thousand miles further west Each of these islands is but a stretch of sand five or six miles long that has gathered around a nucleus | of one of the few coral reefs in this great waste of water where these architectural polyps have pushed their heads above the surface. Each is among the most solitary places Ocean, which in the light of | the conquest of these water wastes | Pacific »° ws) (uS) NO. 1—GROUP PLANTEI IN THE EXACT CENTE SELECTED WELI NO. 2—THE LAND 1S SAM'S PROPERTY. NO. 3—J. WALTER DOYLE, ARE TO BE USED AS AIR BA CLIPPERS. DOTTED LINES IN LINE, ROUTE ALREADY FORME —Wide World, Associa too, has been occupied by guano gatherers, ruins of whose residences and stores can be seen. On Baker are coral slabs cut into the form of tomb- stones marking the graves of 18 men STARS AND STRIPE ND. SANDSTREWN CORAL REEF ADDED TO UNCLE | Qcean D ON JARVIS ISLAND, ON THE EQUATOR PACIFIC. THE GOVERNMENT MEN OF HAWAIIAN BLOOD BEING RAISED OVER HOW. HAWAII'S U. S. COLLECTOR OF ETONS—THE SWORD OF A ) IN PLANTING SUPPLIES. KVIS LSPANNING AEBIAL TED ROUTES, BL ‘K ted Press and Pan-Americen Press Photos. (activity and on Howland are the | graves of six. | The State Department says that | there is no question of the American ownership of these islands, but most as British. The map of the Pacific | made by our own War Department | for use at the conference on Pacific | relations back in 1922, sets their | status down as “unsettled” as between | LANDON DEF D3 EAT SEEN IF HE INDORSES A. A. A. One of Leading G. 0. P. Possibilities May Be Tripped by Advocacy of Program, Observer Says. . BY MARK SULLIVAN. OR the moment the man most F talked about for the Repub- lican presidential nomination next year is Gov. Alf M. Lan- don of Kansas. His name is on the lips of many Republican leaders throughout the country. In the East business men, persons of all kinds, have heard of him; they ask, “Will it be Landon?” This groping for some one is a phase of the present situation. It reflects & wish that now, a year in advance of the election, there might be general agreement on some one Re- publican, so that the ensuing year might be devoted to building him up, making his name and personality fa- miliar to the public. This sentiment in turn reflects two things: One is the wish of opponents of the New Deal to find some one to rally around and to get into action. The other is the feeling (widespread, whether accurate or not) that the Republican nomina- tion is not likely to go to any one already nationally known, such as ex- President Hoover or Senator Borah or the two justices of the Supreme Court occasionally mentioned. Ac- cepting the premise that the “well knowns” are unavailable, that the nomination must go to an “unknown,” people wish to fix upon some particu- lar “unknown” right away, so as to give time to make him familiar to the public. Of this groping for a candidate Gov. claims of British and Americans. If there were any question of the ownership of these islands, the Bureau of Air Commerce evidently thought, it would be removed if colonies of American citizens were planted on them. There wouid be great advan- tage to the development of Pacific air navigation also if the United Sta‘es‘ had on these islands citizens who could make weather observations and develop the data that might be most | useful in the future. The islands, | therefore, should be colonized with | American citizens. Unique Plan of Colonization. | Mr. Martin met Mr. Miller in Hono- lulu, consultatiens were held with certain persons there, and a rather unique plan of colonization with a decidedly South Sea twist to it was worked out. | There is in Honolulu an endowed school of very high standing to which only youngsters of Hawaiian blood are admitted. It is the Kamehameha School, established by an Hawailan | princess. In that school were many young men, just coming to maturity, who had more or less scientific train- !ing and who, being of Hawaiian origin, had the instinct and the experience of the race which for thousands of years had made its home in these islands and taken its subsistence from the waters about them. They were Landon is the present beneficiary. So far as is known, he would live up to the necessary specifications. A con- crete feature of the present situation is the feeling that any really good Republican candidate can defeat Mr. Roosevelt. For this view there is much Jjustification. Those Who Vote “Against.” If Mr. Roosevelt is defeated next year it will be by “Against” votes, by votes against him. It was the same with Mr. Hoover in 1932; he was de- feated. and Mr. Roosevelt elected, by the “Against” votes. The people, in an abnormal mood due to the long de- pression, wanted a change, wanted some one else, a new President. Their minds were directed toward voting Mr. Hoover out. In such a situation, if it lasts. it is enough that the Republican candidate be any good man. Into this specification for a candi- date Gov. Landon fits: probably he more than fits. It is apparent he is more than merely “any good man.” He has made a fine record as Governor of Kansas. Especially a record of economy and keeping expenses below outgo—and that is a ‘record which commends Gov. Landon for the pres- ent national need. Gov. Landon is recommended to the country by such diverse persons as progressive William other person I hav: observed, the heart of the issue that is now before America. But that—the thing described in Gov. Landon's words—is precisely | what A. A. A. is. The freedom of the individual farmer, in potatoes, tobacco and cotton (and ultimately in every crop) to seek his own welfare in his own way, by the exercise of the ‘simple privilege of planting what crop | he chooses and as much of it as he chooses—that freedom is by A. A. A. forbidden to him (as respects three crops so far) under penalty of fine and imprisonment. T have said that A. A. A. is a “po- tential” threat to Gov. Landon. The qualification “potential” lies in the fact that A. A. A. (some fundamental parts of it) is now before the Sue preme Court, and that the Supreme Court, by invalidating fundamental parts of A. A. A, may remove this impediment from Gov. Landon. But the situation is such that its con- clusive decisions upon A. A. A. may possibly not be handed down during the present session of the court, which lasts until next June. If, because of that, A. A. A. is still before the coun= try in the presidential election next year, and if Gov. Landon is identified with support of it, he has hardly the | faintest chance to get either the Ree publican nomination or the election (I am careful to add that Gov. Lan- don, so far as I know, has not pere sonally expressed approval of A. A.A.). Neither Gov. Landon nor any one else can go on too long a cryptic sphinz upon the issue of A. A. A, Emergency Measures. Perhaps I should add, to clarify my own position, that the voluntary part of A. A. A, as it aplies to wheat and | corn and hogs—which is practically the only part known to Kansas and the Midwest—was not objectionable as an emergency device for lifting the farmer out of the depression, and thereby lifting the country out. But we now know that neither A. A. A. nor N. R. A. were intended by the New Deal radicals to be the merely emere gency measures which the New Deale ers said they were. They were ine | tended as, and must now be judged as, mechanisms of a new order of society, a collectivist order based upon the European model, which the Dealers, taking advantage of our misery, meant to impose on us by letting us remain in depression until the new order of society is securely established. A. A A is not to be judged standing alone. It is not to be judged, as I suspect the Midwest farmer judges it, standing alone and expressing itself to him (for the present) in twice-a= year checks. The New Deal is to be judged as the fundamental mecha- Allen White of the Emporia Gazette NiSm Which is meant to expand, and and conservative former Vice Presi- must expand by automatic growth, if who died there in the days of guano 'of the maps of the world show them GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH good American citizens by birth and experience, but racially different since they were members of the Polynesian division of the peoples of the world, one of the five fundamental families. Mr. Miller selected 12 likely young | men from the upper classes of this and fellow workers around and gave | dent Curtis—thas v] not arrested, into a whole new a demonstration which produced 1,146 | n which there could 'w order be no greater diversity. of society, with every business and Against Gov. Landon there is one | individual regimented as potato growe potential impediment which, if it be- | e'S are now attempted to be regie comes actual, will make it impossible A mented. It is an utter mistake to either to nominate him or to elect | assume that A. A. A.is merely a regu- tion apparently cannot be dismissed | in all the world. None was inhabited | s as trivial. Even the party commit-| until recently and none heretofore | crankshafts in a single shift in cOm- | tecs within the factories have shown | has seemed to have any material | parison with the average of 675. Im- | relctance to deal very severely with | value except to those who from time mediately a worker named Bikov in | ingividual saboteurs. Their laxity has| to time have exploited the guano de- the factory caught on and turned out | peen criticized in the press and also| posits which lie upon them. 1,620 caterpillar tractor chain links in seven hours, which is three times the average output. These are only a few achievements which stand out among other in practically every heavy in- dustry. Speeds Up Program. Among the many features the au- thorities have praised in the move- ment, none seem to have pleased more than the fact that some of the pro- duction records exceed American aver- ages. Soviet industry, it is claimed, no longer merits that 20 per cent dis- count which American engineers made in forecasting Soviet output because of the supposed backwardness of the Russian workers. Although the secret | was scored in a telegram» which S. Orjonokidze, commissar of heavy in- U. S. Has Stepping Stones. It was not until the business of es- IMPORTANT TO NATIONS dustries, sent to a meeting in MOSCOW | tap]ishing passenger airlines began to | of shock workers from automobile and tractor factories. “The difficulty,” the telegram read, “is that some people take a bureaucratic attitude toward the ‘Stakhanov-Busygins’; others are overwhelmed by the immensity of the prospects opened by the Stakhanov method; and others fear party organ- izations is essential. Only the splen- did work of the Donets Province Com- mittee of the party in organizing the movement of stamping out its enemies has made possible its development into the all-union movement.” | (Copyright 1935.) Hands Across the Channel (Continued From First Page.) powerful cruiser fleet. When they, the French, proposed the interna- tionalization of the air weapon in order that an international air strik- ing force shall be at the disposal of the League of Nations for the safe- guarding of peace, the British cold- shouldered the idea. Until early this Autumn France also found herself with a divergent policy from Britain in regard to Italy’s plans in Abyssinia. France desired to retain Italy’s friendship at all costs. This was principally for two reasons: The first is that France is bitterly opposed to the “Anschluss”— the conjunction of Austria and Ger- many—anda looks to Italy to assist her in preventing it. As the “Anschluss” would bring 75,000,000 Germans to the very frontiers of Italy, the Ital- lans must either play their part in preventing it or come to terms with Germany. The French fear an en- tente between Italy and Germany. ‘The second reason, bound up with the first, is that France desires to feel easy about her frontier with Italy in case she has to mass all her troops against a German threat to her north- | eastern frontier., At first it appeared that what might happen to Abyssinia and, incidentally, to the League of Nations, concerned France less than these two important strategical consid- erations. The change in her stand ‘was a triumph for the League. England, on the other hand, for years has been most chary about offer- ing any effective help with regard to Austria, apart from a few loans of money at high rates of interest. And late in the Summer she took a strong line toward Italy with regard to Abys- sinia. The French declared that this was because the British are reluctant to see the head waters of the Nile, which have their source in Abyssinia, dominated by 4 strong power like Italy. For Egypt, a British protec- ‘torate, lives on and by the Nile. The French are not entirely correct in their suspicions; the British people are more altruistic .bo:xt Abyssinia than this. Like the Americans, the English have taken the Briand-Kellogg pact for the outlawry of war as a serious obligation. Its rupture, they believed, ‘would be one more blow to the sanc- tity of treaties. Furthermore, they felt that it would be extremely difficult to salvage from the League of Nations any worth-while system of machinery for the preservation of peace by inter- national action if Italy, a member of the League of Nations, insisted on making war on Abyssinia, also a mem- ber of the League. But the above sums up the standpoint of the French toward British policy and actions. There is another cause of grievance sgainst Britain which is felt par- ticylarly in Paris. France clings to s the gold standard as the basis of her currency. She is the leader of the | “gold bloc.” Britain, having been | forced off the gold standard herself, and having successfully managed on sterling, has resisted French blandish- ments and exhortations to a fresh stabilization. Nevertheless, the Banks of France and England are friendly jenough. for, when the franc was threatened earlier in this year, the Bank of England came at once to the rescue. Despite all these causes of differ- ence between the two nations, it nev- ertheless is true that there is a great community of interest between the | British and French peoples. Neither desire new territoriez nor fresh con- | quests; both -are threatened by the | predatory, dynamic empires—Ger- | many and Japan—both desire the | preservation of peace. . | The irritations of the war yéars and their aftermath are nearly forgotten. | The English begin to understand the | French point of view toward Ger- many better than they did, and the French, fighting for liberty and democracy, recognize the steadfast- ness of Britain to the same principles. Both peoples will do their best to prevent the catastrophe of another World War, and they will welcome any assistance to this end from the great republic across the Atlantic. The old Anglo-French rivalries in | Africa and Asia are ended and for- gotten. No one in France really regards the British Navy as a menace, while in England the French air force, still the strongest in the world, is regarded more as a safeguard to peace than as a threat to it. | be taken seriously about a year ago ! that such isolated islets began to as- | sume importance. When the airline | to China began to be laid out it was | found, in the first place, that the spearhead of all such development was Hawaili. That American territory was the only stopping place on the way over and, therefore, every ship that ever flew across must pay it a call. Hawaii. because of geography, commanded the airways of the water waste that covers a third of the globe. The United States was fortu- tion three and a half decades earlier. | But it was fortunate, also, in the possession of Midway Island, 1,300 miles farther on, the coral reef of ‘Wake, another hop to the west, and finally Guam. So did it have stepping stones under its own flag all the way across the North Pacific. The road to China is the first vastly important air route to be laid out. Next to it comes the lane to New Zealand, Australia, all the islands of that area of romance generally desig- | nated as the South Seas. Might the | distance to “down under” be so | shrunk that Americans could run over | to Aukland or Sydney in three days | instead of three weeks? Specialist Investigates. The problem again was stopping Air Commerce was -interested. | Martin, assistant director, particularly wanted to know. He sent William T. Miller, specialist in airlanes, to Hono- lulu to investigate. There the Coast Guard cutter Itasca was put at his disposal and he went cruising all the way down to Samoa and Fiji, 3,000 miles from Honolulu, where open water.breaks into many islands. In this stretch of open water four coral atolls of possible usefulness were found. The first was Palmyra, already a part of the Hawailan Islands, with Kingman Reef, en- circling a lagoon of calm water as an outrider. This, however, was less than 1,000 miles from Honolulu and there- fore not sufficiently far along the way to serve the maximum of usefulness. Being definitely recognized as Ameri- can territory no action was necessary with relation to it. Some 400 miles further on, more advantageously located, was Jarvis. It was a stretch of sand 5 miles long, 10 to 15 feet above the sea. On its beach lay the hulk of the steamship Amaranth, wrecked here in 1913 with nate in the fact that this group of | | islands had been welded into the Na- | places along the way. The Bureau of | Rex | The British government certainly learned a lesson over the Anglo-Ger- man naval treaty and the way in which it was concluded; now, with a new for secretary in office, it is determined to repair any breaches in the neighborly relationships which have prevailed between the British and the Gallic peoples for the ladt 30 years. Cancers’ Peril Found To Vary Seasonally A seasonal variation in the suscep- tibility of chickens to cancers caused by treatment with coal tar, or di- benzanthracene, the active substance in coal tar, is reported by Dr. P. R. Peacock, director of research, Glas- gow Royal Cancer Hospital, in the current issue of the American Cancer Journal. . Prom January to May can- cers of vigorous growth were devel- oped, but from June to December the chickerss appeared to be resistant, the tumors not appearing or developing slowly. This factor seems to be of a general metabolic nature, overriding considerations of genetic relation- ship, age and sex of birds and typesof tumor, Dr. Peacock reports. A the loss of all on board. On higher ground were the remains of one-time habitations of man, evidently guano excavators who had once lived and worked here, and a pyramidal weather beacon. The island teemed with bird life. Innumerable crabs stalked solemnly about. And the rat population, very probably descendants of survivors of the Amaranth, quite overran the place. But Jarvis offered a possible land- ing field for land planes and leeward calm waters for aquaplanes. It was ideally located on the route to New Zealand and might assume great im- portance. . Discovered 100 Years Ago. The island, it seemed, had been dis- covered by an American named Michael Baker just 100 years ago and possessed formally by Capt. John Paty of the United States and of the schooner Liholiho, out of Honolulu, who found its guano profitable. It had been visited also by the U. 8. 8. St. Mary, asserting American claims. Howland and Baker Islands, further west, directly on the way to Australia while Jarvis points to New Zealand, Value in Promoting Understanding Is | Stressed at Assembly of Pan- American BY GASTON NERVAL. HE importance of geographic I and historical research in the promotion of international 1 understanding was stressed this week before the second general assembly of the Pan-American In- stitute of Geography and History, meeting at the Pan-American Build- ing in Washington. Eloquent speakers from many | American Republics pointed out some | of the principal fields in which the help of historical and geographic re- search is most essential. The people of the Latin American countries, as Dr. Atwood, president of the institute, remarked in his opening address, are | particularly fortunate in having in | the background of their histories cen- | turies of wonderful accomplishments made by their predecessors. It is already evident that among the peo- ple who long inhabited the Americas there were those who made progress fine arts, that is comparable to that made by the ancient peoples of the Mediterranean region, or of India or of ancient China. The entire world of scholars, added Dr. Atwood, awaits with interest the announcement of further discoveries which will come as further investigations are car- ried on. Chonce for Co-operation. As for geography, which includes today the study of man’s adjustment to his environment and the influence of the environment upon the occupa- tions and prosperity of nations, Dr. Atwood incdicated several opportunities for co-operation. The geographical set- ting of each of the ancient civiliza- | tions determined in large measure the activities of the people and their degree of economic success, and this, in turn, determined their cultural de- velopment. In other words, freedom from hand labor was just as neces- |sary in those days as it is today if progress was to be made in scholarly | research and in the fine arts. Mod- ern geographers are deeply interested in the problems of the conservation and wise utilization of the lands. They are giving special attention to the study of the distribution of popu- lation, which is becoming more and more vital to certain nations. And the same may be said of the study of the amount and distribution of fuels, of all mineral reserves, of Wwater power, forests, pasture lands, farm lands, all forms of plant and animal life on land or in the sea. Not Matter of Chance. It is not a matter of chance, as the president of the institute said, that some nations have grown to great strength while others have decayed and passed away. The physical fea- tures of the landscape, the soils, the climates, the resources beneath the soil, and the character 6f the people inhabiting a given region are all im- portant factors in determining the growth and prosperity of that region. Geography and history are inseparably associated. From the study of both it is possible to learn the reasons why certain ancient civilizations disap- Institute. | ‘The Pan-American Institute of Ge- ography and History was created by a | resolution passed at the Sixth Interna- tional Conference of American States, held at Havana in 1928. Its main pur- poses are: To promote, co-ordinate, publish and distribute geographic and historical studies in the American Re- publics, to initiate and harmonize in- vestigations which require the co-op- eration of several States, to make studies which may facilitate the settle- | ment of boundary questions. and to | maintain large archives of historical | documents and maps dealing with the Americas, as well as a library of mate- ‘ruls related to the work of the in- stitute. New Maps Published. ‘The headquarters and permanent | home of the institute are at Mexico | City. The Mexican government has | provided it with an excellent build- | ing where offices, drafting rooms, li- | brary and private studios are available. | conducted many important investiza- tions. New maps have been published and a number of scientific monographs have been issued. Other maps are now under construction and arche- ological investigations are in progress. | Three years ago the first assembly of | the Pan-American Institute of Geog- raphy and History was held at Rio de Janeiro. This year the second assembly has been the occasion for the meeting in | Washington of a number of distin- guished scientists and scholars from the interesting papers submitted, six were outstanding from the Pan- American point of view: “History of the Origin of International Co-opera- tion in America,” in which Dr. En- rique Finot, Bolivian Minister | reviewed the pacifistic ideals of Simon Bolivar and his efforte to organize international peace and co-operation in the American continent, present- ing him as the precursor of Wilson in the organization of a league of independent nations; “Importance of the Geographical Factor in Interna- tional Relations,” in which Dr. Luis | Sanchez Ponton revealed the change |in emphasis from the racial to the territorial element, and the substitu- tion of economic frontiers for politi- cal frontiers; “History of Mexico and Its Modern Interpretation,” which gave Lic. Alfonso Teja Zabre an op- portunity to summarize thé under- lying philosophy of the Mexican revo- lution, of tremendous historical sig- nificance for the future of all Latin America, and “Sources of American History in Spanish Archives,” by Dr. Roscoe R. Hill, “Bibliographical Ac- tivities in the United States concern- ing Latip America,” by Dr. A. Curtis Wilgus, and “Economic Transforma- tion of Sputh America,” by Dr. Clar- ence F. Jones. But the words which irppressed’most the scholars and sclentists gathered at the institute were those of Secre- tary of State Cordell Hull in his wel- coming address. He reminded them that peace is the goal toward which civilization has been struggling, and is the first and most necessary requisite for the growth and refine- ment of science, literature and art; for the progressive improvement of the social, economic and spiritual wel- » various American republics. Among | | to | | Washington and a learned historian, | | school. They were put on Govern- ment pay rolls, outfitted and taken to Jarvis, Baker and Howland by the | Coast Guard cutter Itasca and four of them were placed on each island. These groups built habitations by a process as simple ‘as setting up army tents which was less difficult than the methods of the log cabin pioneers of the Daniel Boone and Davy Crocket types. Then tall flagpoles were erected and the banner that floats over Aloha Tower, in Honolulu Harbor, and 1600 Pennsylvania avenue, in Washington, was unfurled. Then notices of coloni- zation were posted. These were of lead that they might endure and were to the effect that the given island had been settled by citizens of the United States and that no trespassing would be allowed. Then there was the matter of getting used to the isolation, at- tending to the chores of the assign- ment, and watching the days drift by. But with four boys to the group, here in a strange land teeming with novel animal life and the whole blue Pacific in which to swim, time did not hang heavily on these Hawaiian youths. And the numerical force of the group sug- | gests that Director Miller in his quieter | moments may have been a devotee of | bridge. Virtual Robinson Crusoes. | To cite but a single adventure there | was for the quartet on Jarvis the busi- in mathematics, astronomy, mining. | During the years which have passed | ness of exploring the wreck of the agritulture, architecture and in the | since its organization, the institute has | Amaranth in which they found dishes { for their table, coal for their stove, a | baby carriage for which they had no | use at all, and a bottle of hair tonic in a perfect state of preservation. These boys became virtual Robinson Crusoes. There they have lived for | the past eight months with only two visits from people of the outside world. There they have had grand experi- ences and written the record of the lives that have been theirs and the | action of wind and wave in this zenith {of all the isolated and lonesome | stretches of the wprld's surface. But | they have, ubove all, cinched the claim of the United States, through actual colonization, to ownership of these islands. The administration of these islands has not yet been determined, but it |1s assumed that they will fall to the Territory of Hawaii. Centering in Honolulu that government has long | adapted itself to meeting whatever | exigencies arise in the mid-Pacific. There is Midway, for example, 1,300 miles from Honolulu, which. before it became a stopping place for air- planes on the way to China, was for 30 years a cable station with a popu- lation of 23 people. It is under the county and city government of Hono- | lulu. A thousand miles in the other direction is Palmyra, smothered in coconut palms and sometimes in- habited that the fruit of these trees may be harvested. It, too, is governed by the City of Honolulu. 1t would be but a slight enlargement on precedent to extend Honolulu’s city limits to Jarvis, Baker and Howland. If this were done they would have a status that is quite different from tifat of Guam or Samoa, which are mere possessions. They would be part of a territory which eventually will become a state. They would be as much a part of the United States as is Cata- lina or the Florida Keys. | fare of the people of the world. Then he added, with characteristic frank- ness and force: “The disturbed and menacing conditions elsewhere con- stitute & solemn warning to us. It is to be hoped that all nations soon will | forever forsake the barbarous insti- tution of war, ® * * I am confident that I speak for all when I say that we are determined to keep the peace, him. (I am careful to say the impedi- | lation of agriculture. In the full list ment is as yet potential, and may dis- | Of A. A. A. powers the original A. A. A. appear.) statute and its amendments, there is A. A. A. Is the Crucial Point. not as much about regulating agricule The impediment is A. A. A. Whether | ture as about regulating everybody, Gov. Landon supports A. A. A., I do the whole order of society. including, not know. I have seen no expres- Curiously enough, the value of the sion of opinion from him. One of his dollar. A. A. A. is the charter of a sponsors, however, Republican Sena- hew order of society, containing many tor Arthur Capper of Kansas, says Of the features of Italian Fascism, that “Kansas is for A. A. A.” and some of the features of Russian Come adds that the Republican party must munism. make no attack upon A, A. A. If “Kansas 1s for A. A. A.” #nd continues to be until next Spring. then presum- ably Gov. Landon can hardiy get the‘ | Price Adjustment delegation from his own State with- Key to Pl'OSpel'lly out. saying that he, too, is for A. A. A. s But if Gov. Landon identifies himself | with A. A. A, then assuredly he will (Continued From First Page.) have opposed to him much more than | A 2k > half the delegates in the Republican National Convention. For by next Spring, if not already, the high cost of living will be such that among consumers everywhere no candidate identified with an artificially high price for food can avaid their con- centrated displeasure. And there are many more consumers who oppose A. | A. A. than there are Midwest farmers who favor it. | If “Kansas is for A. A. A" then Kansas is infatuated; infatuated by the high-powered propaganda from A. A. A. headquarters in Washington that floods the farmers and by the “pep meetings,” with which. news |operating. First, was that of virgin dispatches say, the Midwest farmers |land to take over the unemployed are being inspired by employes of | population. There is no more such A. A. A. Kansas is further infatuated | Jand. Then it was the development | by not knowing fully what A. A. A. is. | of new enterprises—such as railroads Because Kansas is mainly a wheat, and then automobiles. There does corn and hog growing State, it knows not scem to be anything of the kind | only the milder part of A. A. A—it on the horizon. | knows only the voluntary contracts, | But there is the great gap—un- | which the farmer can take or leave, | bridged, unexploited, unexplored. Says |and the twice-a-year checks which | Dr. Moulton: “In putting the old | descend as a gentle rain from Wash- | common nece: es of food and clothes | ington. Kansas does not know the |dnd housing within the reach of mil- | compulsory part of A. A. A, the re- |lions who now are underfed, ill-clad | quirement that no farmer can raise and housed only in the tenement of |and sell more than five bushels of | the city slum or the shack of the | potatoes without a Government per- | country slum. we have an ample and | mit under penalty of fine and im- | accessible field for business enlarge- prisonment. And Kansis does not |ment. With capital resources ample | know that the inevitable final stage and labor abundant to the needs of of A. A. A, unless it is arrested, is |an automatically increasing machine State-owned farms run on the col-Jtechmquc we are confident that this | lectivist basis, as in Russia, the sys- | goal is practically attainable if only |tem which any one reading Prof. our distributive system is readjusted "Tugwell's books must infer that he | along the general lines set forth.” admires. Kansas does not know that | infaliioly, as surely as iron ore fed |into & mill comes out steel beams, so | Ki“g Zog S“.‘.ks to Lift |surely must A. A. A, if kept as a | | whole, end in a state of society in| Social Bans on Women TIRANA, Albania (). —Having supe ductive programs. But we cannot have the economics of mass produce tion save in the economy of mass consumption. Each is a condition of the other. The more acute minds within the ranks of business leadere ship have perceived these facts of economic process and that only by acting in conformity with them can they assure the long-time success and growth of their own companies as well as to minister to general well-being.* Old Factors Not Operating. The factors which brought an end to depressions in the past, Dr. Moul- ton concludes, do not seem to be |in every occupation will be regi- ! | mented as completely'as potato rais- ing is now attempted to be regulated. Would Vote for “Original.” The leaders of thought in Kansas and the friends of Gov. Landon, who |include the best men in the State, are seriously lacking in duty and fore- sight if they fail to tell Kansas what A. A. A. means, and fail to tell both Kansas and Gov. Landon that no one favoring A. A. A. in its present form can either get the Republican nomina- tion or be elected against Mr. Roose- velt. If a majority of the people next year favor A. A. A. and the New Deal (which I do not think they will), they will vote for Mr. Roosevelt as the originator of A. A. A—and not for any Republican who merely, and be- latedly, indorses what Mr. Roosevelt originated. in his intellect and conscience, can favor A. A. A. as a whole and with its future implications. In his Con- stitution day speech, Gov. Landon warned against a conception of so- clety “whereunder the welfare of men is subordinated to what is deemed and that we call upon the rest of the world to do likewise.” (Copyright. 1038.) 4 the welfare of the group.” In those 15 words Gov. Landon has stated, more clearly and conclsely than sny a It is impossible that Gov. Landon, | iwmch every business and every man pressed the recent uprising at Fierl with 8 firm hand, King Zog, ruler of this smallest and youngest of | European kingdoms, is now devoting his time and energy to freeing the women of his country from their | social chains. Conditions under which Albanian women are living today have not changed since the days of the Turkish | domination. They are still compelled to wear the veil and live a life of se~ clusion, nor are they permitted to choose husbands of their own liking., When traveling, they must either | hire a car for themselves or, if they | travel by motor-bus, must take their |seats In the rear. At the movier | they are seated in a special enclosure | Marriages in Albania are arrange& | by the parents without consulting the young people who are to be marriet ‘The most important points of the King’s program for the liberation of Albanian women are: Discarding of the veil; liberty to go to special schools; permission to enter the gov- | ernment service—now barred to them i—cndwmrrythe men of their own choice. As more than 70 per cent of Ale bania’s 1,045.000 citizens are Moslem, the King may encounter difficulties. ]