Evening Star Newspaper, October 20, 1935, Page 36

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. October 20, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. .Editor —— The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th St and Pennsyh New York Office' 110 Eas! Chicago Office: Lake Michigen Buropean Office: 14 Regent 5i. Lon Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. e Evening !‘“g?x r....dummm.b DwEbe e, ‘5‘3‘5‘;3”, 606 per month ng n ‘when 5 Sundays) 85c per month “he Sunday Star.. B¢ per copy Night Final Edition. Fizht Fina ang Sunday Star ight F.nal Star Eoilection made”at the en Orders may be sent by mail or tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia fly ang Sunday_.:} st 7 i1 y lu}lfll!unflnl!-.—---l Ave. t. uilding. on. Ensiand. -1 ¥ras Member of the Associated Press. Pre xclusively entitled to nTIE ARSI R et - t ‘oD credited to it or not otherwise ted {n this | ‘the local news published herein. piper An :‘!mnuhllcmon of special dispatches All rigl herein are also reserved. Germany Prepares. In the midst of Europe’s alarms comes news from Germany, indicating that while the Reich is not a party to the controversies that now threaten world peace, it is by no means resting on its oars in the field of preparations for war. On the contrary, it is likely that no country is more feverishly girding its Joins than the Nazi Reich. A token of whet is going on is the reconstitution of the ~ -at General Staff in defiance ¢ ‘wc Versailles treaty provision spe- ciically prohibiting the re-creation of the organization wherein the World War was hatched. 1t is a significant step in Germany’s systematic return to the ranks of first- class military powers. With the co- related War Academy, where genera- tions of German officers since Scharn- horst’s day have played their celebrated “war game” and plotted campaigns against every conceivable combination of enemies that the Reich could face, the Nazis now possess a military “brain trust” qualified to function along the same lines pursued in the times of the pre-Hitlerite war lords, all the way from Frederick the Great to William II. It was inevitable that sooner or later the new German Army would be equip- ped with a general staff, without which no modern force can engage in large scale war. Doubtless the skeleton Reichswehr had the equivalent of a staff, under whatever name it may have been masked. Henceforward, there will be no pretense. Once again the business of war—traditionally a German key indus- try—will be conducted by a board of management comprising the best talent in the country. 1f the reborn General Staff maintains its traditions, it will combine interna- tional politics with strategy and tactics. That is not a prospect designed to be a pacific influence in Europe. On the con- trary, it will aggravate the suspicion that Germany is but biding the time— two, perhaps, three or more years hence —when Hitler’s army of trained millions will be ready to wipe out those “bleed- ing frontiers,” where vast minorities of Germans, now under foreign “bondage,” await the day of liberation and incor- poration within the Germany of Nazi dreams. By accident or design, the General Staff announcement coincided with the revelation that Germany has already Jaunched and assigned to service in the Baltic twenty-one 250-ton submarines. The Reich thus makes formal re-entry on the seas with underwater craft for the first time since 1918. There is simultaneous disclosure that two 26,000~ ton battleships are under construction, the initial units of the expanded navy which the Germans are building under their agreement with Great Britain. Their third 10,000-ton “pocket battle- ship” will be commissioned during the Winter. An undetermined number of submarines of more than 500 tons is under way. With an air force claimed to be su- perior to that of Great Britain, an army of 500,000 to 600,000 rapidly being forged into being, and a 420,000-ton navy in sight, Nazi war power is on the march. The use to which it is put is destined to alter the history—and the map—of Europe in the years that lie just ahead. The “when” and “how” are the job on which the new Great General Staff will concentrate. National Hearing Week. A plethora of weeks dedicated to spe- clal appeals perhaps has had the effect of dulling general interest in the causes designed to be benefited by the pub- lcity; but National Hearing Week, be- ginning today, deserves the sympathetic attention of the public. It is true, of course, that the phenomenon of deaf- mess still is vastly mysterious. Science as yet does not know a great deal about how or why defective hearing should be, as it undeniably is, hereditary in cer- tain families. The mechanism of its transmission remains undiscovered de- spite consistent inquisy dating back three or four centuries. A Mendelian law of one kind or another is operative in the circumstances, but when that is said little can be added. The problem is defiant. No one, however, can doubt that it eventually will be solved. Meanwhile, a week to direct attention to the matter certainly is worth while. And there are many correlated aspects of the plight of the deaf or partially deaf which merit consideration. For example, men and women not so handicapped can be of inestimable .assistance to their less fortunate friends by learning to speak correctly. Many individuals are “easy to hear”—because they articulate clear- 1y, concisely, directly. Others are an aggravation even to themselves—be- cause they practice s slipshod, careless manner of utterance. In the company " THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, of persons who cannot hear well it is a practical aide to effective communica- tion as well as a sympathetic courtesy to wish to be perfectly coherent, skill- fully articulate. So-called lip-reading never can be of much avail unless it has the co-operation of the speaker. Again there is the psychological atti- tude of the deaf and of their com- panions. Especially when one only re- cently has become hard of hearing it is a depressive condition. The victim may be unhappy; even melancholy. Recov- ery of normal spirits rests in the hands of his human environment. If family and intimate companions are consider- ate the necessary adjustment can be made without trouble. Most creatures are “crippled’ in some respect, and there are worse fates than that of being deaf. A word of commendation should be added for the work of the Washington League for the Hard of Hearing. It is an enterprise in fellowship and mutual helpfulness which should be appreciated by the entire community. The Chevy Chase Terminal. Probably the surest and certainly, from the standpoint of the patrons, the most satisfactory solution of the problem of previding a bus terminal at Chevy Chase Circle, with some sort of structure for punlic accommodation and shelter, will be to have nc such terminal there at all, but to extend out to the end of the line at Chevy Chase Lake the routes of the newly installed busses which have replaced the electric cars. The objec- tions of the residents of the Maryland suburb to the station plan are twofold. One is that no terminal structure can be designed and erected that will not be a disfigurement of a point of en- trance to the District which has been chosen for embellishment and improve- ment to accord with its character as a portal to the Capital. Another is that the accumulation of idle vehicles in the street, even for brief periods, creates & dangerous traffic hazard. There is no adequate space, declare the objectors, for a terminal structure at the junction of the avenue and the Circle on the Maryland side of the boundary, the small triangle between the curves of the old car lines being unsuitable for any more than a mere shelter. 1f the street is to be used as a termmal, with standing vehicles, congestion is certain to result. The nuisance of sireet parking for routed vehicles which has been opposed in the center of the city would be transferred to the outskirts, where, in view of the steadily increasing traffic, it would be a positive menace. Some system of off-street parking for these busses should be arranged, whether in the heart of town or in the suburbs. The solution of this problem proposed by the residents and patrons of the transit line is to carry the service straight through to the actual terminal, at Chevy Chase Lake, where accommo- dations for the housing and servicing of the vehicles already exist, and where the conditions are more suitable for a terminal than at the Circle. Inci- dentally, such a plan would insure the improvement in the transportation serv- ice which the patrons of the line re- quire. The change from cars to busses has been satisfactory in the main for those living between the Circle and the center of town, but it has not been so to those living beyond the State line, who are wholly dependent upon this single line for transport. A joint study of the question by the Public Utilitles Commission, which is lacking in jurisdiction, but is interested, and the Maryland authorities, who have jurisdiction, should result in such a solu= tion, both as to terminal and service, that there will be no disfigurement of the Capital’s gateway and a maximum of convenience for those for whom this system of transport is maintained. — e Maryland is to have a new housing proposition, to be known as “Tugwell- town.” The Undersecretary of Agricul- ture may be able to contribute some new and practical ideas on reliable systems for collection of rentals and -taxes. —ate————— When billions of money are collected in taxes it requires expert accounting as well as a radio concert to show the listeners-in how they are getting their money's worth. Henry Cabot Lodge. Henry Cabot Lodge has announced that he will seek the Republican nomination for Senator in Massachusetts. Fifty-one years ago another Henry Cabot Lodge came forward as a candidate for election to Congress, also in Massachusetts. He was the grandfather of the Lodge who is now seeking political office in the Bay State, and although in 1884 he was beaten he did not remain beaten. The name of Lodge was later to become familiar throughout the State of Massachusetts and the Nation. For the elder Lodge became a Senator of the United States, a proud office, an office of great service, the high purpose and traditions of which were never forgotten by the late Senator Lodge. The youthful candidate for the Senate has already followed in the footsteps of his grandfather. He is a graduate of Harvard University. He has pursued a literary career and he has entered politics as a young man. He has served two terms in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, as his grandfather did before him. He has been chairman of the Committee on Labor and Indus- tries of that body, and because of his fairness and interest in labor’s problems has won many friends. America has no ruling class. It has no hereditary office holders. Indeed, the men who have shown in public office and whose sons and grandsons have followed in their footsteps are few and far between in this country. Men should rise to’ public office and trust because of their own abilities, not because of their names or blood. Nevertheless, the American people have done honor to the sons of men who have served them, and have placed those sons in office, when those sons were worthy and when they showed an interest in public affairs. A notable case are the two sons of the late Senator La Follette of Wisconsin, one of whom occupies the seat which the senior La Follette held for so many years in the Senate and the other is Governor of his State, an office also held at one time by the late Senator. The junior Henry Cabot Lodge is thirty-three years of age, three years older than the present Senator La Follette when he entered the Senate. It is, of course, possible that he may be defeated for the senatorial nomination, or, if he should win the nomination, that he should be defeated in the general election. His grandfather met defeat in his first effort to come to Washington as & member of Congress. The Lodges have stamina. A defeat next year would not end his trying, nor would it be accepted as an augury for defeat in the future. Massachusetts Republicans have need of new and younger leaders. —— I —— Cheaper magazines do great public service in employing trained historians to discuss the problems of the day and, like the beautiful Circassian lady in the sideshow, answer each and every proper question, They are their own rivals, and find difficulty in making an economic dilemma as interesting as the old ques- tion, adjacently propounded, of whether the handsome athlete is going to get the goed-looking girl stranger after several hours of reading time. No report has been made as to whether the bandy-bandy snake that escaped from the Chicago Zoo has been captured. If it is again in custody, it should be required to report to A. A. A. or some other branch of Federal au- thority, with the positive understanding that there will be no parole. — e In spite of valuations, devaluations and revaluations, the thing called money is absolutely necessary in the calcula- tions of finance. An excess may be ad- versely criticized, but its absence is de- plored with wailing protest. There is no vacuum which Nature more truly abhors than a money vacuum. —— e Instructions to Ethiopian soldiers ad- vise them to run for cover. There are times when even military enthusiasm is not encouraged to be too eager for the spotlight. —— e Literature is universally turned to as a means of tiding over a depression Babe Ruth still maintains a demand for his autograph on base balls. ———rat A new musical criticism may raise the question of whether among radio an- nouncers there should not be more basses and fewer tenors. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. A Scientific Achievement. When science lifts her magic voice She bids the fretted soul rejoice, For all those ancient aches and pains Produced by bruises, colds and sprains Are to oblivion swept aside By scholarship’s industrious pride. The various fevers and the chills, The mixtures and obnoxious pills Are also buried in the past. We may forget them all, at last! In phraseology disguised They prowl around, unrecognized. Since science for them kindly frames A list of large peculiar names. In bliss serene we go our ways, Nor fear those pangs of other days, With all those ills that terrorized By language anestheticized. Avoiding Obscurity. “Your constituents are blaming you for a lot of legislation you never had anything to do with!” “Let 'em alone,” replied Senator Sor- ghum. “Taking the blame for things he never did has made a man seem more important than he really was.” Gently Defined. “Father,” said the small boy, “what is a lobbyist?” “A lobbyist, my son, is a man who is so afraid there will be a mistake made in legislation that he is willing to spend large sums of money to prevent it.” The Practical Muse. Oh, let us sing a useful strain As we recall that we are due For conflagrations once again That start in a defective flue. As Things Are Going. “Did you take any Summer boarders this year?” Y “Yes,” replied Farmer Corntossel. “We didn’t care about the money, but them city folks is goin’ to be wantin’ jobs as farm hands one o' these days an’ we thought we'd kind o’ get 'em acquainted with us an’ mebbe have first call on their services.” There is not much chance that a spinster who becomes really attached to a parrot will ever marry. She could not possibly find a man who would try to look and talk like that. A Good-By. Good-by Summer! Fare you well! Few will miss you, truth to tell! Good-by straw hat! Good-by girls! Where the briny breaker whirls! Good-by mountain! Good-by stream! Good-by lazy, loitering dream! Good-by dust and glare and grit! Good-by flies that buzzed and bit! Good-by suit case! Good-by trunk! Good-by post card picture junk! *Tis no time to drop a tear. . Good-by Summer! Cheer, boys, \cheer “When a man thinks too well of his- self,” said Uncle Eben, “it's & sign dat maybe he is forgettin’ a few things he knows about hisself.” Spud Control. From the Chicago Daily News. Secretary Wallace threatens to do all in his power to French-fry, saute, boil and mash the potato-control law, ? . A Party in Search of a Leader By Owen L. Scott, Wanted: A man conservative enough to satisfy the East, yet radical enough to appeal to the West; possessed of an idea that will attract farmers and in- terest workers without frightening busi- ness men, and armed with a plan that will provide for the Nation’s unemployed while still balancing the budget. Judges of qualifications: Herbert Hoover, former President, and William Edgar Borah, senior Senator from Idaho. For the political leader who can fill the above bill to the satisfaction of the judges named there awaits the chance to unite the Republican party and guide it as presidential candidate into the coming battle with what promises to be a divided Democratic party. A full year before the 1936 election and nine months before national party conventions, one after another applicant for the job has raised his head, only to find that it served as a target for sharpshooters within the party. Now some of the applicants are won- dering if the judges themselves don't hanker for the job and if the real fight for leadership isn’t between them. Revealed is the sharp cleavage di- viding the West from the East and the South from both the West and the East. Bounties to farmers that are pleasing to the West and the South are a decided pain to the East. But tariffs that are wanted by the industrial East and the industrial regions of the West are poison to the cotton South. * ok kX That is just a sample. Money tinkering that worries the East pleases the rural portions of the West and the South. Taxes that upset the East are less im- portant in the West and South. But industrial combinations and controls over production and prices that are sought by the industrial East are strongly op- posed by much of the West. In the past both parties have straddled sectional issues and got away with it. But now there is an A. A. A. for the West designed as an offset for the tariff that protects the East; there was an N. R. A. intended to help the industrial regions; There is a P. W. A. and a W. P. A, with their spending that spells taxes to come; there has been money tinkering and more may be on the legislative fire. Democrats, while as sharply divided as the Republicans on experiments of the last two and a half years, are in office and can afford to cover up their family troubles. The Republicans, as outs de- siring to get back in, must fight their battles in the open. Cleavages that showed under the party’s surface for the last 14 years now are out where every one can see them. * k x X As a result, the process of creating and appraising and eliminating aspirants for the place of Republican leadership proves to be highly interesting. Col. Frank Knox, Chicago publisher, was early in the field as a prospective seeker after the presidential nomination. His interest in a balanced budget and the Constitution pleased Eastern leaders. Then he fired a broadside at the high cost of foodstuffs. Immediately the Western section of the party wanted to know if he was in favor of lower prices for farmers. Did he or did he not favor the A. A. A? The colonel sidestepped by coming out for a plan to use Federal funds as a means of subsidizing the export of sur- plus farm commodities. This plan may get much attention if the Supreme Court kills the present farm plan, but thus far it has failed to touch off more than a spark of interest in the West. * X X% X After that experience, Col. Knox de- cided to let some one else come out in front. The honor fell to Gov. Alf Landon of Kansas. He is a successful Western Republican Governor who has talked economy in Government and has sought to apply it in Kansas. This suggested that here was a man who would interest both the East and the West. But then William Allen White of the Emporia Gazette revealed that Gov. Landon was not likely to be deeply moved by the constitutional issue. Furthermore, | Mr. Lendon believed with Harold Ickes, Secrctary of the Interior, that the oil industry needed Federal Government su- pervision. He might even favor the Guffey “little N. R. A.” coal law if he found that the soft coal industry needed Federal regulation. But evidence that the Kansas Gov- ernor might not differ greatly from Presi- dent Roosevelt on many issues was not all. He appeared to fit the description of a “new Calvin Coolidge” in the matter of governmental economy. His State has a balanced budget. = e, Now the sharpshooters reveal that Kansas may have a balanced budget, but that there seems to be something funny about it. Official figures show that the State contributed 3.7 per cent of the money that went for relief of its citizens in 1933 and in 1934, and thus far in 1935 has contributed nothing. Mr. Roosevelt has poured about $54,000,000 into Kansas to feed and care for its citizens, while Mr. Landon has been balancing his budget. The Federal Gov- ernment met 57.5 per cent of the bill in 1933, 73 per cent in 1934 and 794 per cent in 1935, with localities paying the remainder. Also through the A. A. A. the Federal Government has syphoned around $70,- 000,000 into Kansas agriculture. Other scores of millions were provided by the ‘Home Owners’ Loan Corp. and the Farm Credit Administration. Democrats assert that PFranklin Roosevelt and not Gov. Landon balanced the Kansas budget. Rk When the shooting around Gov. Landon had subsided a bit, Herbert Hoover moved into the limelight. Mr. Hoover’s ideas on spending and his insistence that the Republican party attack the New Deal lock, stock and barrel, appeals to the East. But the Western wing of the party quickly re- vealed its opposition to a Hoover boom. It recalls the Federal Farm Board experi- ‘ment and the veto of the old McNary- Haugen plan of farm relief. Also on the matter of spending, figures were produced to show that Mr. Hoover spent over $2,000,000,000 caring for hun- gry Europeans and Russians, and that the budget of this country was badly un- balanced when Mr. Roosevelt took office. ‘The appearance of Mr. Hoover quickly brought Senator Borah out of his hiding place. in Idaho. ‘The Senator, & poll has demonstrated, is popular among the Republicans of the West. But his presence on the presi- sued by Theodore Roosevelt. That is hardly pleasing to a portion . But more than that, Sen- D. €., OCTOBER- 20; 1935—PART TWO. LIFE’S SUPREME TESTS BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, D. C. L., BISHOP OF WASHINGTON, There come times when the ideals and convictions we hold are put to a supreme test. Under normal conditions we pursue our course unperturbed and confident in our security; our beliefs and our re- ligious practices continue without incon- venience to us. Where every condition is favorable and we find co-operation and cordial support in what we hold of faith, it is satisfying to enjoy our con- ceits and to follow our practice unlet and unhindered. It may be safely affirmed that adversity and prosperity test what we hold of religious conviction. The first frequently disillusions, disap- points and hardens us. The second ener- vates, softens and renders us susceptible to prevailing evils. There are those to whom adversity brings a fresh confi- dence in what they hold of faith and tends to enrich and strengthen them in the day of trouble. Observation indicates that an excess of prosperity, with its accompanying self-ease and self-gratifi- cation, lowers ®he moral tone and fre- quently issues in apathy and spiritual blindness. There is an incident in the eleventh chapter of St. Matthew's gospel that illustrates what we have in mind. It is written that, “When John had heard in the prison the works of Christ, he sent two of his disciples, and said unto him, Art Thou he that should come, or do we look for another?” When Jesus came to John for baptism, John declared, con- cerning Him: “Behold, the Lamb of God which taketh away the sin of the world.” When he thus recognized Christ, his life was unrestrained and his ministry un- restricted. He was now in Herod's prison awaiting he knew not what. It was in this hour of his testing that his faith in Christ was for the time shadowed by misgivings. The prison walls had ren- dered him more introspective and it was in a period of profound depression that he sent a message to Christ, asking: “Art Thou he that should come, or do we look for another?” The forerunner’s mental condition is suggestive of an experience that comes now and again to men and women under the stress of trying and exacting circum- stances. There are many people in our modern world who, under the test which a changed and changing order imposes, experience misgivings and doubts con- cerning their religious convictions. The morale of the world has sustained a severe shock and one that has made deep inroads into its traditional faith and practice. It is a new testing time. 1If one may make his diagnosis of existing conditions by reflecting upon that which has issued from other and severe experi- ences, he is bound to believe that, once the present shadows are dissipated the world will come to a new day of stronger and finer religious conviction and a more sustained recognition of the teachings of Christ than it has ever known. The an- swer which Jesus sent to the questioning forerunner is a significant one. In it, He makes no reference to His convic- tions concerning the divine authority of His ministry. His message is, “Go and show John again those things which you do hear and see,” and He bids the mes- sengers to see in those whose lives He had touched, the salutary results of His ministry. He would thus prove His divine authority by creditable witnesses. The implication of this is, that the proof of the value of Christian faith is disclosed in what it produces in changed lives rather than what it effects in bold afirmations. Harold Begbie’s “Twice Born Men,” the story of those whose lives had been transformed by the power of Christ, is in demonstration of His prevailing and continuing presence in our modern world. We are talking much today about the “forgotten man.” Little is being said about the causes that have produced this phenomenon in our life. The forgotten man is the victim of a system that is inequitable and un-Christian, the direct result of a forgotten God. A forgotten God means the rifle of selfishness, loose- living, industrial inequity and other vices that have invaded our individual and corporate life. There is little promise that the forgotten men and women of our day will experience adequate living conditions until the standards of our Christian profession are disclosed in more wholesome ways and practices, be- ginning with the American home and reaching out to every interest that con- cerns the more abundant life. Secretary Hull well expresses the need of the pres- ent hour when he says: “Present dangers challenge the church to engage in what should be nothing less than a flaming crusade to improve conditions that have a dangerous aspect.” ‘When we can show the world our faith by our works we shall be on the way to a better world. Fifty Years Ago In The Star A tentative beginning in the establish- lishment of night public schools was . made in the District Starting Toward pa)r 4 century ago. Night Schools. The Star of October 15, 1885, says: “A register for the reception of the names of those who wished to attend a night school was opened at the Frank- lin and Sumner School Buildings early in the Summer by direction of the School Board. This action was in re- sponse to an application on the part of the ladies connected with the News- boys' Association for the opening of a night school and the board acceded to the request, with the understanding that they would furnish the necessary rooms The idea seems to have met with much favor and there are at least 200 names on the register at the Franklin Building and about 100 on the one at the Sumner Building. The school authorities, how- ever, have heard nothing from the ladies | 1 application and those | sing their ori. who wish to avail themselves of the privi- leges of a night school frequently inquire , A Star re- | porter made some inquiries among the | when it is to be opened. ladies who were interested in the work among the newsboys and ascertained | that during the Summer most of the ladies have been away and as yet no meeting of the asscciation has been held | this Fall; consequently no action has been taken about the night schools. The association simply made the application for the opening of the night schools and as yet has taken no further steps toward putting into practical shape this enter- prise. One of the ladies remarked last evening that she supposed the District authorities would organize the school if | it was found that there was demand for it.” * * X The following in The Star of October 19, 1885, tells of a favorite pastime of the " “gay 80s” of half a cen- Tricycle tury ago: Touring. “A unique touring party, composed of ladies and gentlemen to the number of 17, started from Malden, near Boston, Thursday, October 15, to ride along the ‘north shore’ to Gloucester. There were five married couples in the party, two of whom were mounted on tandems, or double tricycles, all the others riding single tricycles, with the exception of two gentlemen who rode bicycles. On leaving Salem, where dinner was taken the first day, some 200 people gathered in Essex street to see the start. The night was spent at Manchester-by- the-Sea and an early start made by 11 of the party for Gloucester in the morn- ing. Several returned to Boston for the day’s work. All the ladies stood the journey well. Among the party were Mr. Abbott Bassett, editor of the Bicy- cling World; Mr. Charles Richards Dodge, editor of Outing, with their wives; Mt. E. W. Pope, Mr. A. S. Parsons and others. The tour was under the leader- ship of Miss Minna Smith, a young lady of Cambridge, and a charming maga- zine writer.” et on the other represent the poles of the Republican party. The problem is to find some popular figure with views broad enough to take in the ideas of both of these leaders and yet offend neither. Senator Arthur Vandenberg of Michi- gan might be the man. He has kept under cover thus far. In the Senate he was opposed to N. R. A. and has opposed phases of A. A. A, although he gave support to the old McNary- Haugen plan of farm relief. He might have offended some Republican leaders by backing the munitions industry in- vestigation and by sponsoring guarantee of bank deposits, but again he would meet their favor by his opposition to currency and large-scale spending. * k * x As for the Democrats: Their internal troubles are as appar- ent as those of the Republicans. The difference is that Mr. Roosevelt has the party fairly well knitted together around the patronage barrel. His worry had been that the more radical groups aligned around him might fly off into space and chase after a new leader. With the death of Senator Huey Long went the chief threat of defections that might make the path to the White House relatively smooth for a Republican. Signs now point to rough going in 1936. Troubles of the situation are aggravated by the sectional split that divides the wings of the party. «Copprisht, ) Capital Sidelights By ;I‘P Kennedy. A quarter of a century of progress in aviation—visualize it, ye who see trans- continental planes wing their way daily to the local airport, and witness the Army flights at Bolling Field. At a reception for young aviation officers in the new officers’ club at the new Bolling Field, it was recalled that on October 14, 1910, Claude Graham-White, the English aviator flew from Benning Race Track to Washington, the magnificent distance of some 3 miles, and made a successful landing in Executive avenue between the White House and the State, War | and Navy Building—the first cross-city flight in an airplane Washington had ever seen. The next day he attempted the world's cross-country record, to cover and the association competent teachers, | & 107-mile course for a prize of $10.000. He flew a Farman biplane. He sought | to better the world's record of 104 miles made by Archibald Hozey from St. Louis to Springfield. * % X % Representative James A. Shanley, Democrat, of Connecticut, used to teach mathematics in Carlton Academy, Sum- mit, N. J., and a New Haven high school. He was educational director and ath- letic coach of the New Haven Boys’ Club before he went World War soldiering. Representative William M. Citron, | Democrat, of Connecticut, got his start by selling kitchenware to rural house wives. Representative Joseph L. Pfeifer, Democrat, of New York, is a noted physician and surgeon. He has lectured on surgical subjects before the leading medical societies of America, and in- structed medical officers in overseas service during the World War. Representative Bert Lord, Republican, of New York, was formerly motor vehicle commissioner for the State of New York. Representative Harry Sauthoff, Pro- gressive, of Wisconsin, is a former ath- letic coach and normal school instructor. Representative Gardner R. Withrow, Progressive, of Wisconsin, was formerly in the train service of the Burlington & Quincy Railroad, and later State legis- lative representative for the railroad brotherhoods. - Representative Brazilla C. Reese, Re- publican, of Tennessee, reared on a farm, formerly was director of the School of Commerce, in economics. For World War service he was decorated with the Distinguished Service Cross, the Distinguished Service Medal, and Croix de Guerre with palms, and cited for bravery by Marshal Petain, Gens. Pershing, Edwards, Hale and Col. Lewis. Representative Sam D. McReynolds, Democrat, of Tennessee, chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, who has been in Congress for ‘15 years, pre- viously served for more than 20 years on the bench. Representative Charles A. Plumley, Republican, of Vermont, has had a varied career. His father formerly served in Congress. He himself is a lawyer, was Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives, tax commis- sioner, colonel in Officers’ Reserve Corps and principal of a well-known military academy for boys. Representative William E. Richardson, Democrat, of Pennsylvania, was a mem- ber of the last class to graduate under ‘Woodrow Wilson at Princeton and for- merly had Wilson as a professor. He was & machine gunner in the World ‘War after being commissioned in the Cavalry at Fort Myer. x X ¥ ¥ Those who have been talking loosely that the session of Congress recently closed broke records for legislation are all wrong, according to what the record discloses, according to Elmer Lewis, in charge of the House document room, ‘who keeps the record on legislative meas- ures. ‘The honors go to the first session of the Seventieth Congress. The first session of the Seventy-fourth Congress enacted 414 public laws, 67 public resolutions and 358 private laws. In the House there were 9,270 bills and in the Senate, 3,473. There were 408 House joint resolutions, 373 House reso- lutions and 40 House concurrent resolu- tions; 24 Senate concurrent, 204 Senate resolutions and 178 Senate joint reso- lutions. In the first session of the Seventy- second Congress there were 13,817 House measures introduced with 525 approvals. Accounts and Finance of | New York University and an instructor | U. S. Has New Island Possessions By Frederic J. Haskin. Three dots in the Pacific Ocean re« cently have become possessions of the United States through operation of title by claim and occupation. It has been a good many years since land was claimed by Americans by the expedient of raising the American flag and asserting posses- sion, except for Admiral Byrd's discov- eries in the wastes of Little America, but adventurous history never seems a completed tale. The islands were not unknown, but they were regarded as of so little im- portance and worth that no one thought to claim them for any country. Guano hunters have landed on the islands, but they have remained uninhabited. The islands are Jarvis, Baker and Howland, and they are such small dots that it is difficult to discover them on the map. The reason that the United States now has seen fit to claim and colonize the islands is that they occupy strategic locations along the air route to Australia, a route which, so far, is only mapped, but over which ultimately it is xpected a regular transport and mail service will ply. * % * ¥ Jarvis has a unique position. It is right on the Equator and is crossed by the 160th meridian of longitude. This places it in the exact center of the Pacific Ocean. The island is, like the other two, a coral atoll. It is only 3 miles long and less broad, and the only life, except bird life, consists of crabs and rats. Howland and Baker Islands are close together some 800 miles to the west of Jarvis. Usually it is a ship of the United States Navy or some Army force which acquires territory for the United States. In this instance, the acquisition has been made by the Department of Commerce. In studying the projected route to Australia and New Zealand, the Bureau of Air Commerce noted that these dots of coral islands were approximately on the route. Distances in the Pacific are magnificent, and while ships at sea are not especially handicapped by long voyages, it is im- perative for airships to have occasional landing places. x X * % The bureau arranged with the Coast Guard to send the Cutter Itasca with William Miller, an Air Commerce man, aboard, to explore the three islands. Mr. Miller’s report was favorable. While uninhabited, the islands seemed to be permanent and gave no signs of being of the type which occasionally sinks into the sea, to re-emerge later. Thereupon, the bureau dispatched Rex Martin to the Pacific to see what could be done about permanent occupation. This is neces- sary in order to clinch the American claim to sovereignty. The result has been the founding of three colonies, but they are so small that they might well be called Robinson Crusoe colonies. There is at Honolulu an endowed school for the education of Hawaiian youths known as the Kame- hameha School, named for the King of Hawaii who first consolidated the rule of the islands. After due consultation with the officials, Mr. Martin got 12 volunteers from among the youths. A colony consisting of four each has been placed on each of the three islands. While these colonists are of Hawaiian blood they are Americans, having been born under American rule. They speak English as fluently if not more fluently than the people of Brooklyn or New Jersey and are thoroughly imbued with the American spirit. * x K Hawaiians were very deliberately chosen, as it was deemed they could subsist more comfortably in the Equa- torial Pacific than any one sent from the mainland of the United States. Although not the natural paradise that the Hawaiian Islands constitute, still conditions on the three new islands are, in general, the same. For one thing the supply problem was reduced to a minie mum by the selection of Hawaiians. Com= munication is infrequent, but native Hawaiians know how to get their food out of the sea. A few indispensable supplies were landed with each of the colonies and then they were left to shift for them- selves. The first task was the construc- tion of camps. The lads were skillful at this and in short order had themselves sheltered. The colony on Jarvis had especially good fortune. Twenty-two years ago the steamship Amaranth was lost in these waters and, on a reef on the Jarvis coast, was found the wreck of a vessel. During the years the ship has been so badly battered and torn apart that identification was not certain, That made no particular difference. ‘What was important was that there still was a good deal that could be salvaged from the wrecked hulk. e " Materials for the building of their huts were found available and some odds and ends were also found—some useful, some merely curious. For example, some of the ship's china was found still un- broken and this proved handy. Also the boys were able to scrape up some vestiges of coal to supplement their fuel for cook- ing. It is possible that one of the colo~ nists will find use for a bottle of hair tonic which was discovered miraculously unbroken, but what will be done with a surviving baby carriage has not devel- oped. Possibly some sort of cart for hauling can be devised, although Ha- waligns are not notable for mechanical ability. The three colonies will not be wholly idle. Each was equipped with simple instruments. It is the plan of the Air Commerce Bureau that constant obser- vations shall be made in a study of weather conditions. Wind direction and velocity are of chief importance in air navigation, but the incidence of storms and of rainfall will be included in the study. The boys were given sufficient instruction in these tasks at the outset for them to be competent in compiling reports. * ¥ X % Recently the colonies were visited by an official ship out of Honolulu and were found to be thriving. They had been on the islands four months and while glad to receive letters and newspapers from home after so long, they were found to be enjoying their Robinson Crusoe existence and to be keeping their data in proper shape. The boys receive salaries from the Government and, as there is nothing for which money can be spent in their tiny domains, should have substantial savings when they re- turn. It is not yet determined how long they will remain. Certainly until the Government is ready to provide landing fields and supply stations on the islands. It is not out of the question that these youths should graduate into im- portant positions in connection with the operation of the air stations when the time comes. Whatever happens, they will have attained the distinction of being the first residents. One wonders whether the decision to put four on each of the lonely islands had anything to do with ‘the game of bridge. Wrestling. From the Worcester (Mass.) Evening Gasette. “Mayor La Guardia Wrestles With Budget.”—New York headline, Yes, that, too, is & major sport at some colleges, i 4