Evening Star Newspaper, July 31, 1935, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition, WASHINGTON, D. C. WEDNESDAY .............July 31, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Busines; OMoe: 11th 8¢, and Pennsylvania Ave. Buropean Office: 14 Reent St.. London. Ensiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Resular Edition. The Evcnine star_ he Evening and 8u -45c per month The Evening and Sunday Biat Cwhen 3" Bundave) . The Sunday Star. Night Final Edit fi“:‘ 'fi"" -ala Sunaay Sta: ”5‘%5‘:5‘%‘5‘:‘;’. ight PINal Slaleeeerceasas — Collection made ‘at the end of each month, Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Na- tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. land and Virginl i inly Sunday only-. Daily only_ Sunday only. Member of the Assoclated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. {ll rishts of oublication of special dispatches erein are also reserved. Minority Report. ‘While written by partisans in an ex- cellent position for strategic attack, the minority report on the tax bill is based on sound grounds and succeeds admi- rably in showing up the weak pretense of the bill, which almost everybody con- demns and which finds few defenders anywhere. The minority report may be as much of a “political gesture” as the “political gesture” which it condemns. But there is more than rhetoric in its declaration that: “If this bill serves no other purpose, it will at least demonstrate to the country that the extravagant and wasteful ex- penditures of the Democratic adminis- tration can not be met merely by ‘soak- ing the rich’ Although it imposes rates of taxation which border on the point of actual confiscation, its proponents esti= mate that it will produce only $270,000,- 000 of revenue. * * * The bill makes it perfectly obvious to the great masses of our people that in the last analysis they, and not the rich, are going to be re- quired to assume the greater portion of the administration’s profligate expendi- tures.” The administration has spent billions of dollars which may be defended on the ground that such expenditures were necessary, and, while there was waste, there was no greater waste than human ingenuity could prevent. But the fact remains that the adminstration has spent and is spending billions, while the tax bill just reported has no more con- nection between revenue-raising and these expenditures than the man in the moon. The fact also remains that poli- tics, more than revenue-raising or vague social theories, prompted the tax bill And a tax bill based on political con- siderations is from any standpoint in- defensible. . What has been taught by this tax bill is that while wealth may be bled to the point of destruction, it is not wealth but those whom President Coolidge used to include in his expression, “the com- mon, ordinary run of people,” who will pay the bill in the final anAlysis. And while this tax measure may seek to evade that fact in a pre-election year, it will fool nobody. ~ Frederick H. Gillett. A service of thirty-two years in the House of Representatives and six years in the Senate was the contribution to the welfare of the American people of Frederick H. Gillett of Massachusetts, whose death early this morning at Springfield is the cause of deep grief in ‘Washington. Mr. Gillett was a statesman of ability and sincerity and in the course of his long congressional career he main- tained a high standard of official con- duct, and his influence and services were effective for the national development. Personally he was greatly beloved by his colleagues and by a multitude of friends in his own State and at the Capital. His philosophy of life was that of co-opera- tion and in its application he employed an honest diplomacy of procedure that won and held the respect of his political opponents and the lasting affection of his friends. In the course of his service of six years as Speaker of the House of Representatives he met many difficult situations with tactful firmness, and his reward for this faithful performance of & taxing duty was his elevation to the Upper House in 1923, the first case of such a promotion for more than a third of a century, For his exceptional quali- ties as a man, a statesman and a friend he is deeply mourned in Washington, the scene of his long labors in his country’s service. Beautiful Churches. Returning to Washington after an absence of a quarter century, a gentle- , man recently was asked: “Of all the changes in the Capital, which seem to you the most interesting?” The reply was: “The new and beautiful churches.” Nor did that answer represent a preju- diced point of view. The speaker, it was indicated, did not consider himself an especially pious or churchly person. He was just an average citizen, taking reli- gion for granted perhaps but keenly appreciative of the stately new houses of prayer which had been raised in the city during the period of his residence elsewhere. ! Without exploring the subject ex- haustively, it may be declared unhesi- " tatingly that a temple dedicated to the worship and service of God should re- flect His majesty. The Bishop of Jar- row not long ago told a congregation: “One of the Church’s great sins is her contentment with the second-rate in matters of art—sugary music that no + one would think of tolerating outside a church; pitch-pine furniture which fills the soul with loathing, and stained glass windows which cry aloud to heaven for an iconoclast to destroy them.” Crit- A THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. icism so forthright, however, could not be uttered with justice against those establishments of Christian fellowship in America which embody in their archi- tecture, ornamentation, equipment and use the cultivated ideals of the modern age. The era when structures unworthy of sacred use were built in the United States hes passed. And Washington is not alone in its possession of gloriously lovely monuments to the Deity of Truth and Beauty. Other communities also have constructed fine churches within the memory of living sponsors. But it probably was natural that the Capital should lead the way. The in- spiring work at Washington Cathedral, it is known, stimulated such noble en- terprises as Grace Cathedral, San Francisco, and the now completed East Liberty Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh. Doubtless the Shrine of the Immaculate Conception has had a similar influence— there is a suggestion that it prompted in part the stately new Roman Catholic Cathedral at St. Louis. The Fourth Church of Christ Scientist, the Church of the Pilgrims, All Souls’ Unitarian, the National Memorial Universalist, the Metropolitan National Memorial, the National City Christian, the Church of the Reformation, the Church of the Latter-Day Saints and the Shrine of the Sacred Heart serve the entire Nation both directly and, as examples, in- directly. In the circumstance, one of the dreams of George Washington is coming true. He visioned the Federal City, belonging to all the people, con- taining coincidentally the normal estab- lishments of the Government and churches supporting those principles upon which free, democratic and re- sponsible government must stand. The German Protest. Germany has lodged a formal protest in Washington against rowdyism at New York last week, which resulted in in- dignities to the Nazi flag aboard the liner Bremen. The note is understood to declare that the-Reich emblem had been gravely “insulted” and to register an ex- pectation that the United States will do everything possible to see that the guilty persons are punished. Previous to receipt of this official re- monstrance, Acting Bec_reury of State Carr had referred to the episode as “un- fortunate” and indicated that the Ameri- can Government, of course, regrets such an’offense to & country with which the United States maintains friendly rela- tions. It seems safe to assume that the official response for which the German note calls will adhere in tone and con- tent to these informal expressions at the State Department. Berlin's attention is certain to be called to the fact that the New York police authorities acted with promptness and vigor to suppress the demonstration and arrested the persons who appeared to be its ringleaders. ac- cording to Mayor La Guardia, officers of the Bremen refused to co-operate with police sent to act as a guard for the ship. Quite properly, as the first step in dealing with Germany's protest, the State Department has forwarded it to Gov. Lehman of New York, from whom in due course a detailed account of the flag affair will be forthcoming. On the basis of the facts reported, an appro- priate reply will be sent to the German government. There is no reason to fear that a purely local manifestation, wholly without international implications, will lead to serious consequences in the way of a diplomatic breach. At almost the very moment Berlin's protest was received in Washington, Undersecretary of State Phillips, Acting Secretary this week, made a written re- ply to the American Jewish organizations which had submitted a remonstrance against persecution in Germany. Em- phasizing that he fully understands American Jews’ solicitude for the suffer- ings of their German coreligionists and persons of other faiths, Mr. Phillips points out that “concepts of religious freedom and liberty of conscience for all constitute the most fundamental principles of our own civilization and political faith. This being so, the Ameri- can people are always sympathetic to the maintenance of these concepts in the United States as well as in other nations.” The true inwardness of these declara- tions, because of the circumstances that call them forth and the moment of their utterance, will not be underestimated at Berlin. They will form a fitting corol- lary to the State Department’s reply on the Bremen flag melee. In as plain terms as diplomatic usage permits, the United States is now on record as disapproving unreservedly the brutal outrages on human rights now being committed in Germany under conditions which shock civilized mankind everywhere. “Publicity Stunt.” If, as Governor Bibb Graves of Ala- bama declares, the purpose of the group of writers who, on their way to Mont- gomery to protest the signing of the anti-sedition bill now awaiting his sig- nature, was to gain publicity when they claimed that they had been fired upon from a passing car, that end has certainly been achieved. Whether the attack upon them was real or fancied, it has resulted in calling attention to the fact that they are busying themselves in & matter that is not of their own concern. The measure now before the Governor is purely a State affair, defining and providing punish- ment for seditious activities within that Commonwealth. The five writers are de- scribed in the news report as from Vir- ginia, Massachusetts, New York, Ten- nessee and Missouri. Their antecedents are not known, but their purposes are plain. In all likelihood they belong to an “advanced” school of political phi- losophy, of a reddish tinge. It is, of course, possible that they were, as they claim, warned in Birmingham that they would be molested if they persisted in their purpose, and equally possible thas an attempt was made to stop them by force. The people down in that part of the country—and elsewhere—resent the intrusion of outlanders upon the affairs of their States. It will be remembered that much bitter feeling was evinced in A Mississippl over the performances of & group of extreme “liberals” who inter- jected themselves into the now cele- brated trial at Scottsboro, and threats of drastic reprisals were then made against these alien interveners. In the present case the proposed protest in Alabama is almost certain to assure the signing of the bill now before the Governor, Politics and Police. The underlying idea of the Depart- ment of Justice’s “National University on Crime” is sound, capable of much worthwhile development. The faculty assembled from the Nation’s principal universities would be a credit to any one of them, while the curriculum 1s unusually complete and seems to cover most of the subjects bearing on police work, ranging from toxicology to a lec- ture on “Crime Motivation” by a psy- chologist. . There is, however, one subject which does not seem to have been specifically included in the course and Which might be described as “Politics and Its Effect on Law Enforcement.” In the lecture on “Physics and Its Application to Law Enforcement” the fact that nature abhors & vacuum, while the taxpayers are inclined to be more tolerant, may receive incidental men- tion. But the subject of politics and law enforcement is fundamentally of more importance, not only to the repre- sentative police officials attending the course but to the crime-ridden popula- tion of the United States, than any other. Perhaps it would be a mistake, how- ever, to subject the police officials to academic discussion of a subject with which they are painfully familiar already. The class of beginners which needs this instruction most is composed of the taxpayers, who support their police organizations, who are outraged at crime and who are slow to realize that the greatest aid to real law enforce- ment would lie in the complete elimina- tion of politics from all police depart- ments. B Russian “reds” cannot be expected to do much toward upsetting this Govern-. ment until they have finished with satls- factorily subverting their own. ———— Ethiopia, home of the King of Kings, is considering the part that flying aces will undertake in her affairs. ———— e A statesman often claims the right to change his mind in the course of intel- lectual evolution. e Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Perpetual St. Valentine. It's long, long ago since the frost and the snow As gems filled with rainbows their beauty would show. Yet July's torrid ray bids me smile as I say, “Why, here comes another St. Valen- tine's day.” ‘To enliven the times, many pictures and rhymes Respond to the call of the clock as it chimes. ‘We grow sentimental or else we are gay. Each morn brings another St. Valen- tine's day. A friend we will trace with affectionate grace. A foe is a fiend with a terrible face. Both artists and poets still go on their way And every day is St. Valentine’s day. War Calculations. “Do you think the next war will be fought in the air?” “No,” answered Senator Sorghum. “If gasses are as powerful as they say, a few skirmishes won't leave anybody to fight the next war.” Jud Tunkins says folks who want to go after the Supreme Court ought to wait and see what's to be done about the Police Courts. Government as a Personal Convenience. I would nqt be a Socialist with theories so fine, I would not be a Communist where marksmen stand in line, I would not be an Anarchist destroying public peace, For each of these in turn may have to call for the police. When I'm speaking my opinions in a voice that’s free and proud There are often dangerous moments of dissension in the crowd. A certain share of government I'm sure will never cease. ‘Without a government, who would pro- vide us with police? - " Schooling. “What Crimson Guich needs is a school,” said the educator. “Maybe,” said Cactus Joe. “As I re- member school, you put up one hand to show you knew the answer. But we've gone too far. You put up both hands every time a stranger asks a ques- tion.” Evolution in Reverse. We're monkeying with our money and we're monkeying with the farm. ‘We're monkeying with the music that has held romantic charm. - We're monkeying with the laws that have provided guiding care. ° ‘Wé're monkeying with the costumes that the old gals used to wear. Let’s call for Evolution and require Professor Scopes To speak up in a college as a champion o( our hopes. Let’s put old Homo Sapiens completely in command Ere Mr. Monkey thinks he is the leader of the band. “A politician tells you how to vote” said Uncle Eben; “but you can’t tell him how to vote after he gets elected to sumpin’,” - [ NEW BOOKS AT RANDOM | Margaret Germond. SEED OF THE LAND. By Isabel Stew- art Way. New York: D. Appleton- Century Co. Here is the story of & woman who found in a raging blizzard what she be- lieved to be the answer to the meaning of her own peculiarly isolated life. The feeble glow of a flaming torch through the thick curtain of snow gave birth to & strange new radiance within the be- ing of this odd giant of a woman. Always adversity and heartache had been part and parcel of her existence. But all that was before she had started out in this blinding, bitter storm to round up her cows and lead them to safety. The glow from the burning beacon, kept alight by the youngest of her three sons, had not only guided her feet through the treacherous storm, but had shown her also the plan and pattern of an impreg- nable human structure. Through the strength of her big body and the determi- nation of her iron will, for her three children and from them, she would found a great family. Ruhamah—even her name is sugges- tive of bulk and power—might have de- ecended from a fine ancestral -line, but she had only an ancient Kashmir shawl to prove it, the shawl in which she had -been wrapped and carried to an orphan asylum after the death of the mother she could barely remember. By the time she was eleven she had developed into a full-grown woman, and at thirteen, when the orphanage could no longer keep her, she was shipped with a group of co-in- mates from New York to the Midwest,-| where they were to be adopted by farmers. It so happened that Asa Wyatt need- ed a competent woman to care for his invalid wife, run his extravagant household and look after his pretty daughter. Mamie Wyatt and Ruhamah were the same age, but due to the great difference in their size and the frivolous, irresponsible disposition of the former, the result was one of those strange partnerships between human beings in which the stronger is the dominant character and at the same time the game’s invariable loser. Losing was not a new experience to Ruhamah. It was in fact the one trick of fate with which she was most familiar. She had lost her battle to save the Wyatt family from ruin, and she lost in the contest with Mamie for a man’s love. Having lost in this in- stance that which she knew she dared not hope for, she set herself the task of making secure the marriage of Mamie and Dave Robbins, only to have the man-crazy girl run off and marry a worthless renter, with whom she lived in shiftless contentment for the rest of her life. Big, handsome and worthy Dave had turned to Ruhamah in his despair, and she had married him in the belief that through her own unselfish love he would soon forget his passion for the girl who had jilted him. Three husky sons had been born to Ruhamah and Dave, but Dave had died of pneumonia contracted while carrying a croup remedy through & driving storm to Mamie's baby girl when his own small son was at the point of death and he was needed at home. Small wonder that Ruhamah had lost her contact with God as well as her faith in mankind. Purposeless now seemed those years of hard work in the flelds by the side of Dave as they ex- tended their lands, built their home and made their farm pay. Only necessity had driven her onward since Dave's death. But now, through the faint glow of a sputtering torch in a swirling snow- storm she has rediscovered God, found the answer to the reason for her power- ful body, given birth to the ambition to found a mighty family, and been in- spired to use her great strength and her iron will to fulfill it. The greatness of these three husky sons of Ruhamah Robbins is not to be achieved in the world of affairs, but through the soil, the fertile brown earth of the rich farming land. And so | she plans for these big, brawny sons, worthy products of her own gi- gantic form, and this novel is the story of her planning and of the soil in which she roots them, works them, trains them and educates them to the end of weld- ing into an impregnable unity a family and a farm unsurpassed in agricultural and cattle history. Robust, capable farm girls are to be the wives of these giants of the earth. Their sons and their grandsons are to be equally as strong and husky, and the Robbins family is to go on forever, increas- ing in wealth and in fame to the end of time. But in all of her planning and managing and guiding of these splendid sons of hers, Ruhamah neglects to pro- vide for the one paramount factor in the shaping of human destinies. She has forgotten the inherent right and the power of the individual for self-de- termination. Many elements enter into this weav- ing of a pattern of decisive beauty out of the perversities of human nature, the vagaries of the life-producing soil and the unceasing spiritual force that drives on to survival. It bears the strong, wholesome scene of soft, rich soil, an aroma that pleases and satisfies. * ok ok x| MURDER IN HASTE. By Garnett Weston. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. A, gay party and a returned prodigal | serve to launch an unusual tale of fan- tastic death by violence at the luxurious ranch of Owen O'Ferrell, in Moon Valley, California. Phelim O'Ferrell, for whom a world-wide search has been made for months, appears without the formality of a notification of his pending arrival at the office of a Beverly Hills attorney to claim his share of the ancestral estate which he deserted in his youth. Luther Crone sends him to Moon Valley with ‘Teressa Browne, where he will meet the solicitor who is settling the estate and renew acquaintance with the brother he has not seen since he ran away from home. It so happens that Teressa is the sister of Owen O'Ferrell's wife. On the road over the mountains Teressa and Phelim give a lift to a genial, violin- playing hobo, who identifies himself only as “Highway.” They arrive at the ranch just before dinner, and learn that a lively party has been arranged to permit a faddist physician to display his patients. As the dance is in full swing, Teressa notices the headlights of a speeding car on the treacherous mountain road. The entire party see the car disappear on the wrong side of a curve and they hear the crash as it plunges down the moun- tain side. A rescue party goes to the site and the reckless driver is found to be Luther Crone. The reason for his mad drive mystifies Teressa until he hands her a letter to insure the information it contains in case he does not survive his injuries. He is brought to the ranch and found to be in serious, though not’ a fatal, condition. In her anxiety over his injuries, Teressa forgets Nationalism, rampant around the world today, is not hard to understand. 1t is mainly just one's own folks. You can understand it on a street car if the gentleman across the aisle happens to have in his hand a copy themHnllnm” 's “A New Way to Pay Old If you are of English descent, of course, Then your heart leaps up, something in the manner of Wordsworth's at the sight of the daffodils. Any of the plays of that long line of dramatists, from Shakespeare and his contemporaries, down through Browning, Cosgreve, Sheridan, Gals- worthy and many more—any one of them strikes one as being one’s own. Read Molnar all you please, admire the vast cleverness of “The Devil,” thrill to the subtle beauty of the last lines of “Liliom,” still there is some- thing about him that is not yours. He is not English and that is about all you carm say against him. In certain moods he and others ring the bell when one desires dramatic en- tertainment, but at the bottom of the reader’s heart, the spectator’s heart, lies a certain dissatisfaction in the end. * k k¥ ‘What can it be but the plain fact that each one of us is in a line of tradition of whatever race we happen to belong to? In no branch of literature is the kinship more strongly brought out, be- cause even the most literary play is but talk and action and talk is of the people. One’s own people. 1t is interesting to delve for a time in such things as “The Shoemaker’s Holiday,” by Dekker; “The White Devil,” by Webster; his “Dutchess of Malfi,” “The Knight of the Burning Pestle,” by that famous team, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Massinger'’s “A New Way to Pay Old Debts.” Let us marvel at Moliere as much as we may and should, the contempo- raries of Shakespeare just mentioned mean more to us, in many ways. The very words, although some of them we do not understand, strike a familiar note deep in the mind—if we happen to be English. *x % x Deeper than the words are the thought processes. What thé characters in these old plays say is what we say in a peculiar ‘way. The springs of national character are here. It is perhaps easier to understand them in drama than anywhere else, so close are they to the universal heart of the race. When Dr. Faustus, in Marlow’s play, causes Helen of Troy to appear, he declaims the following lines: “Was this the face that launched a thousand ships And burnt the topless towers of Iljum? Sweet erlen, make me immortal with a kiss! O’ thou art fairer than the evening air Clad in the beauty of a thousand stars.” More than just the name “Helen” establishes a kinship between these lines and those immortal verses of our own Poe, several hundred years later, b:cnnnl.n(. “Helen, thy beauty is to me,” etc. This is the way the English talk when they talk their best—especially on the stage. * x ¥ % It would be an interesting experiment for some motion picture company to film Christopher Marlowe’s “Dr. Faus- tus” just as it is written, each one of its 14 scenes one after the other, without any of the interpolations which the pro- no acts, just s short pro- chorus, then the scenes one other, ‘What is this, of course, but a scenario? The characters run all the way from Dr. Paustus and the Devil to the Em- peror of Germany, through the spirits of Alexander the Great and Helen of ‘Troy. The latter, of course, are raised out of “the vasty deep” by the magic arts of the hero. * k% English drama is seldom subtle. Buch sophistication as has been its part has been rather introduced into it by an aping of the work of—what shall we say?—foreigners. There is a rough hewn quality about it which ‘somehow seems better to fit the national character. Hence, where it is possible for any reader to see places where smoothness and the like might be interpolated, merely through taking out, we would have none of it. It is the national character to have it in. John Galsworthy did as much as any man in recent years to give a subtle something to the English stage, but even he never lost sight of the essential qualities of his race. There is one kinship and quality be- tween them, from first to last. Times change and with them the interests and expressions of peoples, yet at bottom they are the same old peoples. The stage itself and the character of aetors is always the same in any nation’s dramatic history. We cannot imagine, however, Marlowe writing Galsworthy’s “The Foundations,” or the latter Mar- lowe’s “Tragical History of Dr. Faustus.” Behind the differences, however, firmly stands the English national char- acter, manifesting itself in every word, in every sentence, in every thought be- tween the lines, in every action of every character. The Dr. Faustus of Marlowe's play is English not German. If the reader wants a German Faustus he must turn to Goethe. There is nothing in the latter which even faintly resembles the high flown, “Was this the face that launched a thousand ships.” English- men either talk so, or would like to talk so—and do, when they can make stage characters say whatever they please—but Germans have another way of putting Translate any of Moliere's comedies as deftly as you please, the characters are French, and remain French, even in English! We admire them, love to read them, to see them acted—but our honest ad- miration, our best love, is for the Eng- lish plpys of the ages. Something about them is peculiarly our own. They are us, with all our faults, with some of our virtues, we may hope, with all of our dreams and aspirations. Even | the modern vogue for swearing and cursing in our dramas has history be- hind it. Let us not shrink too much from it; it is so unnecessary, and it will come out again, WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Joseph C. Grew, American Ambassa- dor to Japan, is due at San Prancisco today and is expected in Wi during the coming week end. It is his first leave of absence in the United States since he was sent to Tokio by President Hoover in February, 1932. Far Eastern conditions and Japanese-Ameri- can relations having meantime under- gone many and serious fluctuations, President Roosevelt and Secretary Hull look forward with special interest to their first opportunity to talk things over with Mr. Grew. Naval matters, trade questions, Manchukuo and the situation in China are all issues of live importance at this time. Ambassador Grew, who has just completed his thirty- first successive year in the foreign serv- ice, is one of our outstanding career diplomats. It is taken for granted that he will return to his post at Tokio, fol lowing a protracted sojourn in this country, most of which he will pass, with Mrs. Grew, in their ancestral New Eng- land. Reports were published in Japan last Winter that the Ambassador might be replaced, but there has been no in- dication in Washington that any such change is contemplated. Mr. Grew has m::‘e & notably creditable record at ‘Tokio. * x ok % While Ambassador Saito is on vaca- tion in Connecticut Japanese affairs at ‘Washington are in the hands of the newly arrived counselor of embassy, Sei- jiro Yoshizawa, as charge d'affaires. Mr. Yoshizawa has come here directly from Hsinking, capital of Manchukuo. As one of Tokio’s Manchukuoan authorities, he is particularly interested in our attitude toward the new state which the Japa- nese carved out of China. Uncle Sam continues to withhold recognition of Manchukuo, but the Japanese seem con- fident it will come about sooner or later, mainly as a result of mutual commercial interests. Mr. Yoshizawa was the right- hand man of Mr. Matsuoka when the latter bolted the League of Nations in Japan’s name at Geneva three years ago. During his Summer holiday Ambassador Saito is reading proofs of his forthcom- ing book, “Japan’s Policies and Pur- poses,” a compilation of the envoy's speeches in t.he'lmlted States. i Whether the Democrats make cial effort to take Senator Borah'sscalp e ———————— next year or go out to get him in the normal stride of a campaign, it's not going to be easy to defeat the Senate | veteran. Idaho has been voting Demo- cratic since Borah was last elected in 1930, and he would face a formidable vote-getter in the person of Gov. C. Ben Ross, his prospective opponent. But Borah has been an iffstitution in Idaho for 30 years and become the State’s best advertisement in Washington and the Nation at large. Most politicians believe he is invincible, although he probably has a harder fight on his hands this time than ever before. There are still those who think the Republicans may save the Democrats the trouble of beating Borah in Idaho by nominating him for President. One thing is certain—the United States Senate would not be itself without him. tfre Republican National Chairman Fletch- er’s broadcast this week, “Fundamental Issues in the Making,” leaves no more doubt of the G. O. P.’s purpose to make constitutionalism the basis of attack on President Roosevelt in '36. “The New Deal seeks to pervert or subvert the Con- stitution,” thunders Fletcher, and adds: “We stand ready to meet this challenge.” In declaring that party lines are “transcended” by the constitutional issue, the Republican chairman expresses the elephant’s fond hopes of so serious a split in Democratic ranks that a con- servative bolt against F. D. R. will do to him what T. R. did to Taft in 1912. * X X x Houses, Inc., is the name of an or- ganization just launched by the General Electric Co., which is designed to boost the campaign of the Federal hous- ing authorities. It will not itself engage in construction or sale of dwellings, but carry on research work and assist in the management and financing of housing enterprises. “Only by experimentation and effort in the construction of small homes can their quality and convenience be improved,” a prospectus states, “and their cost diminished so as to bring them within the purchasing power of greater numbers of people.” Stress will be laid on modern mechanisms for heating, air- conditioning, lighting, cooking, refrig- erating, dish washing, and on laundry, radio and clock equipment. LR Because of the growing demand on their facilities due to Washington's influx of New Dealers, certain promi- nent clubs now impose a “threshold tax” on every person introduced for use of guest privileges. * K % More ships for the United States Navy mean more music for the fleet. The United States Navy School of Music, in charge of Lieut. Charles Benter, leader of the Navy Band, is now training young musicians who crave a life of melody afloat. The purpose is to furnish ships and naval stations with musicians hav- ing both band and orchestra experience. The two-year course compares favorably with that offered in standard colleges of music. Only young men graduated from high school and who are players of one or more instruments are accepted as students. They are enlisted in the reg- ular Navy for six years—{wo years in the school and four years in a fleet band. The Navy now has 54 bands and orchestras. The largest are the Navy Band and the Naval Academy Band, each with 76 men. Every battleship, first-class cruiser and flagship has a hMm or an orchestra, and in some cases f ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing~ ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton,D.C. Pleas: inclose stamn for reply. Q. Please compare Ethiopia with some otrlhe States as to size and population. -—F. H, A. It has an area of 350,000 square miles or about as large as Texas and Oklahoma, and an estimated population of about 10,000,000 or slightly less than that of New York State. Q. Is there any outstanding candidate for the Republican nomination for President?>—C. W. A. Two men who are mentioned fre- quently as presidential prospects are Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg of Michi- gan and Col. Frank Knox, publisher of the Chicago Daily News. It is a coin- cidence that both of these distinguished men at one time worked together as newspaper men on the Grand Rapids Herald. Q. How many States in the Union have Shelby Counties?—M. H. A. Nine States have Shelby Counties. It is established that seven of them were named after Gov. Isaac Shelby directly and the others may well have had some connection. Q. What is the northernmost point in the United States?—S. T. A. It is the center of Northwest Angle Inlet of the Lake of the Woods, Min- nesota. Q. How does Martha Ostenso, the novelist, pronounce her name?—T. R. A. A. It is pronounced Austin-so. Q. When was the President given authority to raise and lower tariffs without the consent or approval of Congress?>—G. R. T. A. Paragraph C of section 336 of the 1930 tariff act provided: “Proclamation by the President—The President shall by proclamation approve the rates of duty and changes in classification and in basis of value specified in any report | of the commission under this section, if in his judgment such rates of duty and changes are shown by such investigation of the commission to be necessary to equalize such differences in costs of production.” Q. Why is titanium tetrachloride used for producing smoke screens?—A. B. A. Because this substance fumes strongly in moist air. Q. How can a map be given & cloth backing?—J. K. A. The cloth should be stretched and tacked on a board. The map should be dampened slightly, paperhanger's paste applied to the back. Then care- fully smooth the map on the cloth and let dry for 12 hours. Q. Please describe Napoleon Bona- parte’s tomb.—H. P. A. The burial place of Napoleon is under the dome of the Hotel des In- valides in Paris. It has the form of a circular crypt 20 feet deep and 36 feet in diameter, open at the top. The tomb was designed by Visconti, and on the walls are 10 marble reliefs by Simart. ‘The Sarcophagus 1s 13 feet long, 6’2 feet wide, 14!z feet high, cut from a single block of red porphyry, 67 tons in weight, surrounded by 12 “Victories” by Pradier. The inscription above the entrance to the crypt is taken from Napoleon’s will: “I desire that my ashes shall rest on the banks of the Seine, in the midst of theul-"mnch people that I have loved so well.” Q. What is the state religion of Sweden?—M. S. A. Lutheran. Sweden has more than 6,000,000 people, of whom 5880950 are Lutherans. 2' What were the Cautionary Towns? —K. H. A. They were four towns in Holland, Briel, Flushing, Rammakens and Wal- cheren, so named because they were given to Queen Elizabeth in 1585 as security for their repaying her for assistance in their struggle with Spain. They were restored to the Dutch Re- public by James I in 1616, although only a portion of the sum advanced was refunded. Q. How long must a person have lived in Brooklyn to be eligible to the Society of Old Brooklynites?—W. F. A. Continuous residence of 40 years in that borough and former independent city is the requirement. Q. What is the meaning of mufti? —L. C. i A. This is the title of a high Turkish official who assists the judge or cadi by interpreting the law of the Koran of Moslem tradition and of other legal sources. The grand mufti is one of the interpreters of the Koran by whose de- cisions the cadis have to judge. The phrase, in mufti, meaning not in uni- form, in civilian dress, is an Anglo- Indian expression referring to the loose robes of the Moslem mufti. Q. How are nasturtium seeds prepared to be used instead of capers?—V. A. A. The seeds should be gathered green. Make a brine of salt and water and soak seeds two days. Drain and put in jar. Heat sugar and vinegar to boiling point, pour over seeds. Seal. Proportions: Two cups nasturtium seeds, 1 cup water, % cup salt, 1 cup sugar, 1 cup vinegar. ’ Q. What causes growling in the di- gestive tract? What is it called?— W. B. M. A. Growling or rumbling of the in- testines is known as borborygmus. It is caused by the formation of gases in the digestive tract and very little can be done to stop it. Q. Who was Charon?—C. M. A. In classic myth, he was the ferry- man of the Styx. Charon’s toll is a coin, equivalent to abaut a penny, which was placed in the mouth or hand of the dead by the ancient Greeks to pay Charon for ferrying the spirit across the River Styx to the Elysian fields. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Mob Psychology Would we understand the people, The vast populace around us, All the throngs from eurb to steeple, All the mobs that oft confound us, ‘We must feel with warmth and pity