Evening Star Newspaper, July 1, 1935, Page 10

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, b. C MONDAY ...cocovnnnianes July 1, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES..........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th St. and Fennmum- A\e New Ycrk Office: Chicago Ofice: Lake Michigan auum European Office: 14 Regent St.. London. Bngiand Rate by Carrier Within the City. nuuln Edition, The Evening Sta 'rn- Evening_and sundu Star (when 4 Sunday: The Evening and Sunday when 5 Sundays) The' Bunday St 45¢ per month 60c per month Btar 65c_per munth e per copy Night Pinal and Sunday Star 70c per month Night Final Star 55¢ per month Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Na- tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily ard Sunda $10.00: 1 mo.. RSe Daily only i $6.00; 1 mo., 50¢ Sunday only . $4.00; 1 mo., 40¢ All Other States and Canada. ally and Sunday.1 $r. $1200: 1 mo aily “only 1 $5.00; 1 mo’ Bunday only 150 $3.00: 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all ne; credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also rese — Taxes and Economy. President Roosevelt's tax program for the present session of Congress, as exem- plified in the schedules as they were worked out by for presentation to the Finance Com- in Congress, and probably three. first group, represented by Senator Van- denberg of Michigan, demands “real taxes” on a broader base, calculated to | balance the Government budget. The second group, represented by Senator La Follette of Wisconsin, Norris of Nebraska, Senator Costigan of Colorado and others, is demanding higher levies for the decentralization of wealth, A third group, not so vocal, would be well pleased not to have any new taxes imposed at this time. Senator Vandenberg is impressed with the danger of currency inflation if something is not done soon to protect the credit of the Government. With nuge sums, far mental revenue, being expended con- tinually and no end of spending in sight, the showdown must come. The Michigan Senator prefers to see the im- | position of heavy taxes rather than have the people suffer from heavy inflation of the currency. The chances that the Roosevelt administration will agree to the tax proposals of Vandenberg on the eve of & national and presidential election seem slim to the point of attenuation. ‘They would bring home to the taxpayers too surely the burden of the spending | program of the New Deal. Vandenberg urges the widening of the base for the payment, income tax so that it would fall on millions of persons who now do not pay [ this tax. He calls attention to the fact that the mere increase in surtaxes on persons who have more than a million dollars’ income annually, as proposad by the President, would result in com- | paratively little increase jn revenue. The most recent public records of income | | fore the Nazi dawn. This year has seen | nullification of the military and naval | taxes show that there were only forty- six individual incomes of a million dollars a year and over and that only about fifteen of them would® be se- | riously affected by the President’s taxes. Senator Vandenberg has charged the President with making an “appeal to mass prejudice.” He is convinced that the Government budget cannot be bal- anced and the credit of the Government preserved merely by “soaking the rich.” ‘The President has only been dabbling a toe in the waters of the tax pond. The amount of increased revenue which may be expected from the inheritance, corporation and individual income taxes proposed of the New Deal expenditures. Taxes are unpleasant. They are hard on business, which is seeking to struggle to its feet. tailment of governmental expenditures would necessarily be supplemental to any tax plan seeking to bring about & balanced budget. However, a begin- ning should be made, and the attack on the financial situation of the Govern- ment should advance from both the angle of taxation and the angle of Gov- ernment economy. N If foreign Communists are carrying on all the propaganda charged, they show how wealth may be wasted even when shared. ] Alaskan Pioneers. Traditions no older than many Ameri- eans still living have made this country familiar with the hardships of pioneers. Hardship and privation, as a matter of fact, are more closely associated with pioneering than anything else. And for that reason, some of the difficulties re- ported from complaining pioneers in the Government colonization experiment in Alaska are far from convincing. No horses for wagons, or no wagons for horses? No carpenters to erect the homesteads? Measles and mumps among the children? Lack of farming implements? Delays in the dispatch of material over a single-track railroad? Shortage of reading matter? Why, these are mere inconveniences compared . with the grim battles of the real pioneers, who carried with them every- thing they had and started from scratch making the wilderness into homes. But there is one difference between the pioneers of old and the colonists in Alaska. The early pioneers went into the wilderness on their own. The latter day colonists in Alaska have been taken under the wing of the Government. And if they lack water or firewood, milk cows or magazines, hardwood floors or radios, plows or silos or incubators, it will be the Government’s fault, and there will be chronic complainers quick to place the blame and yell to high heaven for an investigation. For it ¢ ws dispatches | Senator Pat Harrison | | the ensuing obliteration of the presi- mittee, is under attack from two groups | dency through the death of Von Hin- The | Senator | in excess of govern- | for example, of the Federal | in the President’s program | amounts to little when placed alongside i | a repressive “ring of steel.” Immediate and drastic cur- | matters little what might have been the hopelessness of their past in the deserted lumber camps or run-down farms of Michigan or Minnesota. It is the future which interests them now. The Government has guaranteed the future and the Government must make good. As for the Government's responsibility, the usual mix-ups and delays due to bureaucratic inexperience and red tape, resulting in failure to send what is needed or the hurried dispatch of mate- rial that could as well be delayed 3ix months—these troubles are temporary and will quickly pass. The more serious responsibility is represented in the undertaking to transplant bodily communities of failures—regardless of the cause of the failures—to a new loca- tion, to new problems, to new rigors of climate, safeguarding them from new physical and economic hazards. It may work out in the end. Frontiers have been pushed forward before by pioneers, and they may be pushed forward again. But the Government's direct responsi- bility in this experiment is a heavy one, and the success of the experiment is far from certain. e Hitlerism Today. ‘Today marks the completion of a full vear since the “blood purge” of 1934 cleansed Nazi ranks of all vestige of internal opposition to Hitler's rule and established the Fuehrer in indisputable control of Germany's destinies. With denburg, Hitlerism found itself en- throned with powers unequaled since the reign of the Caesars. The Fuehrer's personality has so dominated the perspective that ade- quate attention has not been bestowed upon the cardinal feature of German developments since the “blood purge.” That feature is the indubitable ascend- ancy of the army. All competent ob- | servers are agreed that while Hitler, Goering, Goebbels and others in the Nazi high command nominally direct | and govern, actual authority today is wielded by the army, and that the Reichswehr general, Von Blomberg, now minister of war, is the power behind the throne. Under his leadership Ger- many has reverted to its ancient status as an essentially military state. The once privileged position of the brown- | shirted Storm Troops has vanished. | That other Nazi military adjunct, the | Schutzstaffel, has been relegated to & decorative or minor police function. The army is supreme. preponderant domestic position, the | army’s influence in the realm of Ger- | many's foreign policy is believed to be no less potent. The conclusion is obvious that, by and large, Hitler re- mains Fuehrer mainly by grace of the | soldiers. Deprived of their loyalty and support, his status would be precarious. There is no present sign that he is in | danger of losing army favor. Uncertain and even perilous as the | Germans’ economic position continues to be, their triumphs in other directions during the past year can only be de- scribed as phenomenal. Their crowning ambition, to destroy the Versailles treaty, has virtually been realized. Reparations were done away with be- clauses—the proclamation of conscrip- tion, plans for an army of 550,000 men, creation of an air force, construction of submarines, and recrudescence of sea power through formal agreement with the British. That the remaining objec- tives of Nazi diplomacy—remilitarization of the Rhineland, recovery, in part at least, of German colonies, and rescinding of the Versailles “war guilt” indictment —will now be restlessly pursued cannot | be doubted. All in all, the world faces the fact | that under Hitlerism Germany has re- turned with giant strides to the rank of a first-class power. She has not been deterred by moves to surround her with Her ambi- tions for union with Austria and for expansion in the direction of the Baltic cannot be regarded as abandoned. With acquisition of a mighty army and air force and a formidable navy, Europe, despite Hitler’s proclaimed devotion to peace, must reckon with a Germany daily becoming more capable of de- manding her place in the sun, in accord- ance with the Nazis’ long-vaunted aspirations. ———. Rugged individualism is having its in- | ning. The youngster who took her natural nourishment in the House of Representa- | tives’ gallery has suddenly stepped into greater fame than all the Dionnes put together. —————— Much may be accomplished by Repre- sentative Sirovich, who hates dramatic critics, if he will submit oneof his plays to congressional critics, who are notori- ously independent and severe. ——————————__ Montgomery County politicians are again reminding Maryland statesman- ship of how great a political fire a small salaried job may kindle. The Common Informer. New Jersey has some strange old laws on its statute books and now and then they bob up to cause confusion of the equities. One of these has just emerged from the limbo of half-forgotten legal antiquities. In 1877 an act was passed relating to gambling. It provided that any person giving information leading to the disclosure and punishment of gambling games should be rewarded with half the fines imposed upon the offender. It has not been generally enforced and has been virtually rele- gated to the legal attic. Some time ago, however, an Atlantic City lawyer, in the role of “common informer,” won a judg- ment for $4,000 against a kennel club on the ground that a statute permitting dog racing was unconstitutional and invalid. The State’s highest court has | afirmed the judgment and thereby opened the way for other enterprises in b, In addition to its | | the Prince of Wales: | to see how Herbert Hoover is getting on THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, the courts of the same nature. Baszed upon this action, a citizen of the State has adopted the “informer” role and filed a claim for $3,600,000 against the Western Union Telegraph Company on the ground that it recently sent out 1,800 telegrams of the “chain letter” variety. These telegrams were in the general form of the now familiar letters, asking the transmission by wire of $2 to the “first person” named in a sub- mitted list. If the judgment already affirmed is a guide the “common in- former” ‘in this later case stands to make a big winning. This case has its roots in veritably ancient law, going back to the times when the processes of crime detection and pursuit were crude and inefficient. Justice relied, to a great extent, upon the contribution of the public to the fund of judicial information. Under old Scottish law the “informer” was one who, in criminal proceedings, set the lord advocate in motion by the disclosure of facts relative to breaches of the peace. Under the British laws an action by & common informer is brought in lieu of the state. It must be brought within a year of the offense, unless the statute prescribes a specific period. It applies only when the penalty is in terms of a fine. Thus the New Jersey statute of 1877 was based upon British practice. It is now upheld and the field is wide open, in that State, for the fine hunters, who may thus be Tegarded as supple- mentaries of the law itself. A question arises, of course, whether the chain-telegram is a violation of the laws against gambling. It is the same game as that which has lately been played to a remarkable extent through the mails. Thus far no prohibition has been made against the letters, for the carriage of which the Government is responsible, although the mails are barred to lottery and other gambling enterprises. If Uncle Sam is willing to carry these solicitations through the mails, is not a common carrier, such as | a telegraph company, justified in trans- mitting messages of the same character? The New Jersey court, perhaps the Federal Court, will have to answer that | question before the “informer” can collect, if then, ———— | The Fourth of July would be a more , effectual patriotic reminder if every cele- brant were expected to recite a few lines of the Declaration of Independence every time he sent up a skyrocket. e —— Neither princes nor pugilists seem to - have quite the offhand style they showed | in the days when John L. Sullivan said to “Pleased to meet you, prince; I've often heard of you.” e The New Deal contemplates & national American theater. It will start with Shake- speare and possibly work around to the more delicate splendors of Harvard's Hasty | Pudding Club or Princeton's Triangle Club. e After a long tour, Postmaster General Farley will return for the presidential cam- | paign, stopping off, perhaps, in California | with the old elephant ranch. e Tourists to Europe will as usual be sur- prised to find so many Europeans who | have never taken the trouble to come over and see Niagara Falls or the Yel- iowstone Park, m_——— “Holding companies” naturally come in ; for scrutiny when the big idea in some | political circles is to find a way to compel | concentrated wealth to let go. ————————— Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Workless Pay. Election was due and election came through. His heart with elation would throb. “Triumphant success,” he explained, “shines anew, T've got a political job!" The heathen may rage as in strife they engage. Henceforth let the lobbyists lob. My salary's written on history's page, I've got a political job. He then came to grief, and he went on relief; Ill-luck with his prospects played hob. “This pay without work,” he explained to | the chief, “Is just like a political job. Thinking It Over, “Are you in favor of a splendid art gal- lery in the Nation's Capital?” “I'm thinking the matter over” sald Senatgr Sorghum. “Those old masters were constantly paintinig mothers with their babies. Still, what wouldn't do for & visicors’ gallery in Congress might be all right for an art gallery.” Deteriorization. When Barnum in his heyday spoke, He said the public liked to pay For being humbugged and his joke Is being quoted to this day. Some gleaming impositions shine, Yet from deception they are free. Production in the gold-brick line Is scarcely what it used to be. Consistent Courtesy. “Why do you laugh at Mr. Smuggins’ inane jokes?” “I know he means well,” said Miss Cayenne, “and I see no reason for being impolite merely because he is unfunny.” The Eskimoron. ‘The Eskimo says endless snow With ice is tryly meant ‘To show the woe where we may g0 ‘To future punishment. He must be wrong. A wicked throng ‘Would hardly think it il To dwell when July's going strong In s perpetual chili. “I s'pose old satan means well enough,” said Uncle Eben, “but he sure do keep lettin' a heap of sinners out on parole.” A A ! come to be named a “grass roots” THE POLITICAL MILL By G. Gould Lincoln. Leagues for the {ldvmcemem of va- rious presidential booms in the Repub- lican party are cropping up. One of the latest is the Vandenberg-for-President League in Illinols, sponsored by Vandorf Gray, & Chicago attorney. Senator Van- denberg's reaction to the announcement of the league’s formation was laconic; “Not interested.” He added that he did not know Gray. That, however, is in line with the attitude of the Senator from Michigan ever since his presiden- tial boom was mentioned. He says flatly that he is not a candidate for the presi- dential nomination. Of course, that does not mean that the Republican National Convention next year may not nominate him for President or that he would not accept the nomination if it came his way. No man could well afford to reject a presidential nomination from one of the great political parties. But it does mean that Senator Vandenberg is not making a campaign for the nomi- nation, * ¥k X Whether the Republican nomination will be worth anything next year it is too eatly to say. However, there is the chance always that a change in political sentiment may come over the American people. The Republicans are anxious to be ready to take up the political leadership and control of government if the break comes. Senator Vanden- berg's voice is becoming better and bet- ter known te the people. His state- ments are carefully weighed before they are made. Today he commented on the President’s tax program, and urged that if Congress is to stay in Washington this Summer to pass a tax bill, it be “a real tax bill and not a mere political appeal to mass prejudice.” He insisted that the administration’s tax plans as so far re- vealed were no more than a “mere sop to political strategy.” In the opinion of Senator Vanden- berg, it is much better for the country to pay high taxes than to have a dose of inflation. Furthermore, he insists, the people will come to value economy in Government expenditure when they begin to pay the bills—and Government waste of money will be halted. The tax | program suggested by Vandenberg, how- ever, is considerably at variance with that announced by the President. He insists that a new tax bill should be de- signed to really balance the Government budget—not merely to flirt with the idea. Obviously it is not the wish of the Demo- cratic administration to impose any such axes on the people right on the eve of a national election. *x % x There has been a lot of discussion about the Midwest Republican “Grass Roots” Conference, which was held early in June, in Springfiela, Ill. How did it con- ference? Senator Ashurst of Arizona, & Democrat, with an amazing memory and a student of political aflairs for years, insists that the term “grass roots” orig- inated with the late Senator Albert J. Beveridge of Indiana. Beveridge, Sena- tor Ashurst says, used the phrase first when he was chairman of the Bull | Moose Convention in Chicago in 1912,° | where the late President Roosevelt was | nominated on the Progressive ticket for | President. The Arizona Senator has been con- siderably amused ovet the various sug- gestions regarding the “grass roots.” One of the suggestions was that the name for the Republican conference in the Midwest grew out of the speech | made by former President Herbert Hoover in Madison Square Garden in the 1932 convention. In that speech Mr. Hoover predicted that the “grass would grow” in the streets of American cities if the Democrats came into power and abandoned “sound money” and did other things. It certainly was far from the thoughts of the Republicans who proposed the Midwest Republican conference, * x * X The attempt to smoke out Herbert Hoover is on again. Is he to be a can- didate for the Republican presidential nomination, or is he not? latest reports is that Mr. Hoover some time during the Summer will issue a formal statement declaring that he is not a candidate for the nomination. A good many Republicans seem to believe that would clear the atmosphere. They seem to think that the possibility of Mr. Hoover's candidacy is a threat to Re- publican success. If Mr. Hoover would be as weak a candidate as these gentle- men say, how on earth could he be nomi- | nated at the 1936 Republican conven- tion? The answer, of course, is that he could not be nominated. So why should they worry? * x X % If Mr. Hoover is to make a declara- tion that he does not desire to be nomi- nated, there are a lot of political ob- servers and politicians who hope that he will not say, “I do not choose” to run, Back in 1928 they had a great deal of trouble trying to decide what “choose” means in such a connection. Right up to the time of the Republican convention of that year many of the Republicans were still guessing whether the late President Calvin Coolidge would accept a presidential nomination if it should be handed to him. They never will know. Statements by Presidents and former Presidents on the subject of whether or not they would be candidates for Chief Executive have not been very happy. Take the statement issued by the late President Theodore Roosevelt just after he-had been elected President in 1904. He said at that time that he would not be a candidate again. He wasn't, when 1908 rolled round. He had had about seven years in the White House as Presi- dent. So the late President William Howard Taft was nominated and elect- ed, largely through the influence of Col. Roosevelt. But in 1912 Col. Roosevelt bobbed up again as a candidate for the presidential nomination. * %k ¥ X Mr. Hoover may or may not say what his desires are in the matter of another nomination. He would be more than human if he did not feel a desire of vindication at the hands of the people— a vindication through election again as President. But those who are best in- formed say that Mr. Hoover will make no effort to bring about his nomina- tion—tkat if he is to be nominated it must be a real demand from the people themselves. Under these circumstances, why should he feel called upon to make a statement to the effect that he will never, never be a candidate or accept the nomination of the Republican party to be President? It doesn’t make sense. Some thousands of Democrats sought in vain after the election of 1928 to persuade Al Smith to say that he would not again be a candidate for the Demo- cratic presidential nomination. They believed that it would better the chances of the Democrats in 1932. Mr. Smith, however, said that a man would be a fool to say what he would do a year hence. In the end he became a candi- date again. He probably thought that since he had borne the brunt of the fight against national prohibition and against Hoover In 1928, he was entitled to another chance. } This is & far-fetched idea. ! One of the | D. C, MONDAY, JULY 1, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Elevator humor is a queer thing. It flourisbes best in buildings where there is a good general half-acquaint ance. It manifests itself mostly in spoken personalities about neckties and other wearing apparel, pipes, suits, hair. It crops up every time a car goes up or down, and just one passenger will do. Ke jokes the elevator operator in thal event. Men—we don’t know about women— who run elevators in modern office build- ings have to put up with a great deal of such guff. They ought to be given a bonus for it, the amount of alleged humor, at their expense, they must submit to in a year, often must pretend they like, actively participate in, in self-defense. * ® * X Maybe they do like, maybe they don't mind in the least, the semi-quarreling which goes by the name of “good, clean fun” in these United States. Certain types of stage humor have been based on pretended squabbles for many years. Over the radio one of the most popular features hinges almost entirely on the give-and-take of mock verbal battles. Perhaps one reason many people de- light in this sort of thing is because quarreling is so prevalent, in all se- riousness, that it is a real pleasure to them to indulge in it without serious consequences, ‘The saving grace of humor, therefore, throws its benign shadow over what, under other circumstances, would re- sult in red faces, heated brows, angry words, hurt minds and hearts. Nothing shows verbal conflict so well as this well nigh universal habit of building up false quarrels as a means of pleasantry, * % % X The joke of the matter is that such episodes in the daily life are anything but pleasant to a great many persons. Even many who take part had rather not. They simply do not know how to get out of them. The fact is that there is no real way, when one is confronted by one of the numerous genjuses at it. He beams all over as he selects his victim. Usually he knows just who likes and who does not like his ways. So he is on the lookout for him. ‘The kindly, well mannered person is his peculiar butt. No one suits him quite so well as the gentle soul who would rather not. He leaps to the fray the moment he | catches sight of the shrinking man. « e e “Where did you get that tie?” asks our wag. The whole elevator begins to grin. Now just what there is so humorous | in such a remark, about a perfectly sedate piece of neckwear, is unknown. Not a person who smiles there could tell you, for his or her life, but never- | theless the etiquette of this humor de- mands that each and every one begin to grin when the dullest wight says anything in reference to another's appearance or wearing apparel. Especially hair. Mouths widen completely when the wag takes a crack at hair. What used to be called a “pompadour” is the chosen object of all elevator wits. Next to a necktie, nothing pleases them so mich as the brushed back hair of a modest fellow. the prevalance of | in them | | they | eling | better off. They call the attention of the entire car to it. Gentlewomen who by no means would see the slightest bit of humor in such personal remarks always join in the general grin that arises from the witty fellow's proddings. ok ok The most excrutiatingly funny thing, however, is an old pipe. Any one who gets aboard smoking a pipe is delivered hands tied into the clutches of phe elevator humorist. “What cha smoking?” he wants to know, with the slyest of grimaces. ‘The simple remark contains a world of humor, it appears, judging from the typical reaction. ‘The man in the corner grins broadly. The sweet lady on the other side lifts the corners of her mouth as if to say, “Now I know this is going to be funny.” Comical references to the pipe’s con- tents follow. Broad laughs arise at the mere men- tion of the pipe’s contents. There is sure to be some inference that hay is the product of the flelds used. *x % 0w It seems as if everybody present had been waiting for some one to say the word. “Hay” is just too funny. Everybody laughs. The wag, having now gotten the laugh on his victim, begins to plume himself a bit. He looks at the ladies, one after the other, to receive the approbation of their smile, Perhaps the ladies do not wish to smile, but the clutch of the elevator and its cheap humor is on them, They cannot help themselves. They reward the fellow with a grand benediction. This sets him up for a renewal of the attack. Now the modest man's floor has been | reached, but this does not entirely save him. “Put alfalfa in it next time,” cracks the wag. ‘The car roars. * * * ¥ It must be stressed that there is nothing funny in such remarks. Only the curious atmosphere of the elevator, a flighty thing in itself, ac- wise- counts for the fact that any one ever | this country?—G. E. B can find anything to laugh about in such alleged witticisms. Perhaps it is the proximity. Human beings, except in certain well known situations, were never made to be so close together. There is something indefensible, from the standpoint of the human soul, in the gross overcrowding of all types which accompanies city life. No doubt there is no getting out of it, but it is too close, too packed, too crowded in every way for the best interests of the soul. Strangers, or semi-stranger, standing elbow to elbow, breathing into each other’s ears, are not conducive to the best in them. They feel ill at ease, nervous, desirous of saying something to break the ten- sion. If only they could stand three feet apart, as large shrubs do in borders, ould waft up the floors without any “wisecracking” from anybody. In that event the wag might lose his best opportunities to boost his self- esteem, but the remainder of the trav- population would be much WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE, To the jov and satisfaction of the newspaper men and women who attend his semi-weekly White House press con- ferences, President Rooseveit has appar- ently rescinded the rule he laid down some time ago not to talk about legisla- | tion pending before Congress. F. D. R has seldom spoken to the press with more vigor than at the end of last week, when he discussed in hammer-and-tongs language the utility holding company bill now facing & vote in the House. The scribes are glad the President seems to have changed his mind about per- mitting questions pertaining to current events on Capitol Hill. These are gen- erally front page stuff and can only be fully interpreted and reported in light of White House reaction to them. If the lid remains off, the press confer- ences from now on are sure to be the forum for interrogations designed to elicit presidential views on rates, sched- ules and other aspects of the bill to be incubated by the Ways and Means Committee for giving effect to the Roosevelt wealth tax program. * % Xk X Dr. Hans Luther, German Ambassador to the United States, has sailed for Europe on & brief leave of absence in Berlin. He plans to return to the United States early in August. Reports were recently published in Londons-that Dr. Luther may be supplanted at Washing- ton, although neither American nor German official quarters here have any knowledge or expectation of such a change. The London stories also inti- mated that Hitler's armament envoy, Gen. Joachim von Ribbentrop, laurel- crowned negotiator of the Anglo-Ger- man naval pact, might succeed Herr von Hoesch as German Ambassador to Great Britain. Dr. Luther and his Lon- don colleague having been adherents of the old Stresemann regime, and it's long been thought possible that on account of their non-identification with the Hit- lerite party organization either or both of them might at any time be asked to make way for ambassadors of more pronounced Nazi afllliations. Dr. Luther is expected to return to Wash- ington with up-to-date instructions on German-American reciprocal trade matters. * K k% With enactment of the labor disputes and social securities bills, both of which bear his name as chief sponsor, Senator Robert F. Wagner, Democrat, of New York, can look back upon a remarkable record of kindred legislation fathered by him since he first came to the Sen- ate in 1927. It includes a large number of unemployment insurance bills, the first $500,000,000 emergency relief bill in 1932, the emergency relief act of 1933, the national employment service act, the national industrial recovery act, the rail- road pension law and the now pending bill for workmen'’s compensation for rail- road employes. Senator Wagner's in- terest in industrial and social laws dates back to the time, 25 years ago, when he and Franklin D. Roosevelt were fellow members of the New York State Senate and Wagner was chairman of the State Factory Investigating Commis- sion. One of their co-workers in those days was a young woman social service enthusiast named Frances Perkins, now Secretary of Labor. * x X X One of Senator Huey Long'’s hobbies, along with his “share-the-wealth” cru- sade, is the idea that young people :hauld have public aid in obtaining an ucation designed to fit them for pro- leulonu or industrial livelihoods. Some admirers of the Kingfish think that in | Jaunching the National Youth Admin- | istration, with its provisions for educa- tional help, President Roosevelt may have extracted a leaf from the Long notebook, just as they claim the admin- istration tax program has done in the field of redistribution of wealth. * X * X Although few members of Congress have worked up any enthusiasm over the prospect of a mid-Summer hot weather session, most Representatives and Senators will confide that they'd | rather get the tax business out of the way now than let it ride into the next session. They prefer to make their “records” on the subject at this time, a full year in advance of the 1936 elec- tion, rather than be compelled to “com- mit” themselves when the campaign is just around the corner. Parties and candidates as a rule dislike going to the electorate on the heels of legislation that means higher taxes. These are traditionally regarded as sour campaign material. * ok ok N Simultaneous with President Roose- velt’s establishment of the National nent citizens, of which John Hays Hammond is at the head, is raising a fund of $50,000 for the purpose of fight- ing crime through foundation of boys’ clubs in the worst delinquency areas of the leading cities. The idea is that these clubs will attract boy “gangs” from the street into surroundings where they will find a gymnasium, shower baths, game rooms, vocational classes and mu- sical, dramatic and athletic organiza- tions, all under trained leadership, with character building foremost in every | Experience has satisfied Mr. | activity. Hammond and his associates that boys’ clubs are a practical agency for crime prevention and the making of good citizens out of the raw material of the streets, * x x X “Ed” F. McGrady, Assistant Secre- tary of Labor, who is to be loaned to Gen. Johnson occasionally for advisory assistance in administration of New York City’s $220,000,000 work-relief fund, has long been one of Johnson's fa- vorites in the labor movement. During Blue Eagle days, when he was an assist- ant N. R. A. administrator, McGrady was frequently praised publicly by the former recovery boss. Mr. McGrady, a Jerseyman by birth, is a newspaper pressman by trade. He was once a member of the Boston Common Council and of the Massachusetts House of Rep- resentatives, and for many years was the potent legislativé representative of the American Federation of Labor at Wash- ington. President Roosevelt refused to relinquish McGrady from his Labor De- partment job. Gen. Johnson may only borrow him from time to time. * X ¥ ¥ Labor day, September 2, is now the | most generally fixed for pm- pective adjournment of Congress, based on Speaker Byrns' estimate that the tax program will keep House and Senate on the job for the better part of two months. (Copyright, 1935.) Agricultural Stimulation. Prom the Saginaw News. Maybe the A. A. A. inspired this pro- gram of theatrical revival for unem- ployed actors in order to provide the farmers with a new market for eggs and cabbages. A ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing- ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing- ton, D.C, Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. How early was color used in ad- vertising?—J. M. A. As it is known today, color in ad- vertising began in 1894. The first color advertisement was for a rug and was printed for one of the large mail order houses. Q. When was BSaint-Saens’ opers, “Samson and Delilah,” first produced? —W. B. A. Through the influence of Liszt, | his Biblical opera, “Samson et Dalila," was brought out at Weimar in 1877 when its merits were immediately recog- nized, though it was not until 1890 that it was first heard in France, &t Rouen. This work had been begun as far back a3 1869, and an act had been heard at one of Colonne’s concerts in 1875, Q Who was Longitude Harrison?— A John Harrison (1693-1776), an Eng- lish inventor, became celebrated as Longitude Harrison. When the British government offered prizes for the dis- covery of a method for determining the longitude at sea within 60, 40 and 30 geographical miles, he made four chronometers, now in the Greenwich Royal Observatory, each with a com- pensation curb to the balance wheel. All qualified for the first prize, .JQ b\;lhen was blotting paper invented? A. No definite date is assigned to the discovery of blotting paper. It is men- tioned as early as the year 1465—at that time consisting of a coarse, gray, unsized paper, fragments of which have been found among the leaves of fifteenth century accounts, where it had been left after being used for blotting. It 1 was probably in ordinary use early in the sixteenth century, for it is referred to in W. Horman’s “Vulgaria and early in the next century bibula” is mentioned in the cotheca of Nicius Erythraeus. “Pina- Q. When were dates first planted in A. Early in the present century two experimental date orchards were estab- lished in the Coachella Valley, Calif., one at Mecca (in 1904), by the Bureau of Plant Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture in co-opera- tion with the horticultural department of the University of California, and the other in Indio tin 1907) by the Bureau of Plant Industry. A large number of the best date varieties of the Old World have been tested in these gardens. Q. What is the purpose of the organi- zation known as Junior Achievement? —W. 8. A. Its purpose is to furnish leadership and direction for leisure time to young people associated in small groups or | clubs, who are engaged in simple hand processes by which objects useful and artistic are manufactured, and through which they gain experience in business procedure, buying and selling, principles of co-operation, marketing, manage- ment, wages and costs. Q. How many crippled children are there in the United States?—E. B. A. The White House Conference on Child Health and Protection estimated that there are 368325 crippled persons under 21 years of age. Q. Please give sime inlormntiu’n about the early life and training of Saint- | Gaudens—E. M. A. Augustus Saint-Gaudens was born in Dublin on March 1, 1848, the son of a French father, a shoemaker by trade, and an Irish mother. Taken to America in his infancy, he was apprentice to a cameo-cutter, studying in the schools of Cooper Union and the National Academy of Design. His earliest work in sculpture, made upon the eve of his departure in 1868 for Paris, was a bronze bust of his father. He was ad- mitted as a pupil of Jouffroy in 1'Ecole des Beaux Arts, and two years later sent to Italy where he remained three years. While in Rome he executed his statues, Hiawatha and Silence. Q. What is the toxin theory of sleep? —B. W. A. The toxin theory is that a special toxin, which might be called hypnotoxin, is formed during the waking hours and finally accumulates to such an extent that it diminishes the irritability of the central nervous system. Q. Whlt year did the Eastland sink? —L. A The steamship Eastland sunk on { July 24, 1915. Youth Administration, a group of promi- | Q. What is the deepest hole in which water has flowed?—J. N. A. The deepest hole in the ground from which water is known to have flowed under its own pressure was that | drilled for an oil well of the Gulf Pro- duction Co., located in section 197, block F, Upton County, Tex. Water flowed freely at 10,500 feet and also at 11,500 feet. The total depth of this well is 12,786 feet. It was finished June 6, | 1935. At this depth oil only is flowing. The deepest artesian well regularly used for a water supply is 3,300 feet deep, and is located at Taylor, Tex. The water is sufficlently pure “to be used without any treatment and flows in sufficient amount to supply 7,463 people. Q. What is a tumulus?—S. F. A. This is an artificial mound of earth or stone, usually conical in shape, erected either as a memorial, or over the grave of a royal personage, noble, or hero, or the relic of a saint. Q. What is the largest scientific and educnlonn.l organization in the world? —N. G. A. The National Geographic Society, organized in 1888, with a world mem= bership, is said to be. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Trophies of the Trail I fared into the valley of great pain And struggled there for fortitude in vain Until I cried out, “Lord, how long, how long?” And yet I brought back song. F § dlmbed the highest mount of chill de- And Irolfl its summit could find nothing Darkness encompassed me, below, above, And yet I brought back love. I plunged into the deep abyss of doubt, Fought demons there my spirit could not rout, Left there the brave ideals of early youth— “And yet I brought back truth. o A