Evening Star Newspaper, May 21, 1933, Page 22

- which it was reached in the budget | Tecommendation, certain increases in |y, oo i his direction. The measur- | [ | {THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. W.ASBHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY. May 21, 1033 THEODRORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office- and_Pepnsylvamsa ce 110 East 4and 8t ic Lake Michigan Building. ropean Office: 14 Regent St. London, ‘Enxlan Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evening St: ot 45c per month s ar and lays) . 60c per month (w The Sunday Collection ms orders m NAtional tar.... Sc per ade ut the end of each month. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunday. 1mo. Daily only ... Sunday only 1llll All Other States and Canada. Dally and Sunda: Daily only, Bunday only Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled o une use for republication of all news dis- tehes credited to it or not otherwise cred- Rea'in fhis paper and aiso the local news published herein. All rights of publication of #pecial dispatches herein are siso reserved. = Little Room for Disagreement. ‘The task of House and Senate con- | ferees is to reconcile by fair compro- mise the differences betwcen the two branches of Congress expressed in the legislation before them. This give-and- take compromise is as much a part of | the legislative system as the original | reference of bills to committees or the later consideration of those bills by the two branches of Congress. If either branch adopted a policy of not yielding in conference to the extent of at least meeting the other branch half way, and arrogantly assumed the position of de- manding that its views be accepted or the legislation be killed, the legis- lative machinery would, of course, be- come paralyzed and fail to function. Happily for the Nation at large, nei- ther branch of Congress has ever adopt- ed such an absurd policy. There have been, of course, occasional failures of legislation because the conferees could not or would not agree. Such failures for the most part have been deliberate, representing an expedient chosen for meat on it to provoke a conference squabble. The only real issue at stake is one of principle, ‘that principle being the right of the Serate to participate in legislation for the District of Co-= lumbia. G e Hitler's Hindenburg Line. When last Wednesday Herr Hitler, the German chancellor and virtual @ictator, aadressed the Reichstag in term§ quite different from those that had been expected snd feared, grate- extremities with leaves—or strips of hide or whatever else it was to which he had recourse for the purpose. In modern times have been a measuring stick for the cement of democracy, foy the growtihrof democratic soclal institutions. They have sym- bolized in practical form the distribu- f of wealth to the masses of the peo- | ple. At one time only the aristocracy had | shoes; today, cven in a perfod of world- | wide depression, the poor as well as the well-to-do are so equipped. a7 be sent 1n by mall or telephons | ‘The importance of the subject is made manifest by the frequent reference to it found in literature and in the con- versation of all classes. The Bible men- | of Europe, and some skepticism was|tons shoes in no less than’ thirty-two | manifested regarding his. sincerity,| Felations; Shakespeare refers to shoes | Since then the view has been advanced | 7 &5 Many as thirty-nine different con- | | | that in point of fact Hitler was merely | Dections. The shoemaker, from the executing a maneuver like that of |CArliest dawn of human chronicle, has tully accepting President Roosevelt’s | proposals for international disarma- ment in the interest of peace, sur- prise was expressed in the capitals SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON, “What are they among so many?” | This was the very natural inquiry of | confused disciples as they faced a bread problem. Attracted by His increasing | popularity, & multitude of some 5,000 had met to hear the new Teacher from Nazareth. As the day advanced they were still with Him. Presently the Master said that the time had come for the people to depart, and observed: “If we send them away without food many will faint by the way.” Recognizing the propriety of this, He inquired as to what food was available. Presently word was brought to Him a few barley loaves and some small fish- es, but, His disciples asked, “What are they among so many?” Immediately the Master bade the great company to be the retreat of the German forces in the | De€R 8 person of certain distinction | Great War from the advanced position EVen the “surgeon to old shoes” tra- in France to a new line that had been | ditionally is rated a philosopher. Presi- previously prepared. It is pointed out|9ent Coolidge attributed much of his seated on the grass and we read that. taking the few fishes, He blessed them and ordered them distributed to satisfy the hunger of the multitude. Facing Life’s Problems—How? C. | BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of Washington. | relation between the spiritual and ma- terial resources that are at our com- mand. Today all our thought is cen- | tered upon solving our complex prob- | lems through purely human agencies. | The man who presumes to suggest the | need of a fresh and more pronounced | expression of reliance upon God and a MAY 21, 1933—PART TWO. “Capital Sidelights Y WILL P, KENNEDY. fight over curtailment of the members of Congress to extend themselves in the Congressional Record— the daily newspaper of proceedings in the legislative chamber — was taken onto the floor of the House by Repre- sentative Raymond Cannon of Wiscon- an energetic new member, who is taking vacations from an extensive and lucrative law practice to help make the laws. He told his colleagues: “I think it is & colossal fraud upon the people of ‘With reorganisation of governmental functions in the interest of economy and iemdem:y us & part of the program of the Roosevelt administration, attention | is being given to the idea of a Federal | police. The Federal Government now | exercises many police functions, but A FEDERAL POLICE I BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. [t oy | 3 a ol zation, | relatively, with a épecia job. The | United ‘States has two long borders | which affords a congtant temptation to | smugglers. The pat#dl is constantly on the alert for violators of the customs laws. The fourth Federal body engaged exclusively on police work is the immi- | fresh recognition of those spiritual re- | they are widely scattered among many | gration border patrol, No stories of the that therc was a lad present who had | loaves and the small| | the Reichstag, | with President von Hindenburg, whose that just prior to the deliverance in Hitler had conferred name was given to the new strategic front to which the forces under his command withdrew in 1917, and the suggestion is made that it was upon the advice of the veteran Executive of Germany that the chancellor adopted this policy of withdrawal and re- establishment. success in life to the teaching of his friend the shoemaker, James Lucey. | Thomas Carlyle declared that good | shoes invariably were made by devout | men, working devoutly. There can be no question about the value of proper shoes as & promoting factor toward an optimistic outlook on the world and its problems. New shoes stimulate a feeling of confidence. The philanthropist was right. But old shoes, 00, have their function. They are The German retreat in 1917 to the | Hindenburg line took the allies com- | pletely by surprise. They had no notion that for a long time past work had been in progress behind the front in| the preparation of a stronger breast- work than that which it had been occupying, and against which they had | for many weary months been flinging their forces. When the retrograde movement took place and the stub- bornly held advanced positions that had resisted the most furious and costly assaults were abandoned, the more optimistic of the allied leaders looked upon it as a sign of the cvllapse of the Teutonic onset, and this view was comfortable in their 2.e as they nev!r‘ could be in their youth. Probably a| man should have a pair of both kinds— one for the street and the other to wear | in his hours of relaxation at home. It is worth mentioning that well made | shoes may be bought today at a price much lower than at any other time in | many years. The thrifty citizen might do worse than “stock up” for a reason- | able period ahead. ———. The nomination for mayor of New York i5 declined by Samuel Seabury. He is regarded as capable of being a much better official than “Mayor Jimmy” was, but he will never be as shared by the peoples of . the allied countries, whose hopes for victory had | sunk almost to the point of despair. A short time only was required to demon- | strate that instead of a collapse the| Tetreat meant a stouter stand than ever, | with the terrain in front of the new | German line ravaged to the point of affording practically no shelter for the| popular as a personal entertainer, e Following up his idea of restoring the i glory of ancient Rome, it may be Mus- solini’s intention to start by asserting influential interest in as much neigh- boring territory as possibie. ————— The whole proceeding was thoroughly characteristic of His method and of His unfailing recognition of human needs. | He was cver dealing with the pressing 'and immediate problems of life. He | 3as ever conscious of the unending con- | fiict in which men were engaged. He persistently sought to relate man's phy- | sical needs to those things that concern | his_spiritual life and its development. While He affirmed that “man shall not |live by bread alone,” He taught that the search for bread in itself was in- | adequate. He insisted that only as man recognized the hunger of his soul and his dependence upon God could he find satisfaction and solve the hard prob- lems of life. His teachings are intensely practical and touch vitally and inti- mately man’s estate in this present world. perable and unsolvable problem, but to Him it afforded opportunity, not only for demonstrating His power, but of making clear the relation that existed between man's physical and spiritual needs. We are ever crying in our dilem- ma, conscious of our limited resources as we face a situation that presents a seemingly insuperable problem, “What are they among so many?” We are 30 dependent upon material resources that we leave out of our reckoning any form of divine direction or of a power not of | ourselves upon which we may draw in the hour of need. We cannot see the To the mind of his disciples| |a hungry multitude presented an insu- sources that we have neglected or ig- nored, is regarded as a dreamer and & visionary. We seem to have ceased to to take seriously Tennyson's phrase: “More things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of.” Repeatedly in the course of man’s life demonstra- tions have been afforded of that which stabilizes and strengthens him by a fresh recognition of and obedience to God's will. Recently there died in New York a man who had been the president of the American College of Surgeons, Dr. George David Stewart. It was said of him that he was cocerned with some- thing more than the bodily health of those with whom he shared the com- mon lot of humanity. He is quoted as saying that “time spent on the knees in prayer will do more to remedy heart strain and nerve worry than anything else,” and that “a man who does not worship God at stated and regular fn- tervals falls to get the poise and self- control which enable him to use all his powers in pi r proportion.” In this expression of his conscious dependence upon God the great surgeon was affirm- ing his belief in a power that is at our command, if we will but earnestly seek We can go on in our present course seeking through our own ingenuity and our conceded originality to work out the solution of our problems, or we can, while we pursue our strenuous endeavors, invoke and lay claim to a power that in other times has served us and xlvtln‘ us the impulse to pursue the right) course, whether in our individual or corporate lives, we can maintain the poise and the clearness of vision, yes, and the courage to face every condition and to meet and overcome every ob- stacle. A great French fleld marshal, who frequently went behind the lines to pray in some ruined church, gath- ered in those silent moments a strength that enabled him to lead his forces to ultimate victory. The Master's great word still holds true: “A man’s life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he possesseth.” it. | International Monet Result in Bargaining Tariff Treaties BY WILLIAM HARD. If the new “industrial recovery” bill Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Mitchell is Put into active force and vigorously ary Conference May ‘The difficulties thereupon presented to the Economic Conference are indeed formidable unless the theories under which it was summoned into existence | this country for a man to stand on this floor and speak for a period of two minutes and go back to his office, and on a/great many occasions accompanied by a ghost writer, and turn out a beau- tiful speech of 15 to 20 mfies. I think it is wrong, and if you had any nerve about you you would agree with me.” He pointed out that the Congressional Record is costing the taxpayers close to $5,000 a day. He has introduced a bill to strictly limit the number of copies for free distribution from 32,000, as at present, to 5,000. Various members protested, including Representative Thomas L. Blanton of Texas, recognized as one of those whose remarks and “extensions” occupy day after day many pages of the Record. Mr. Blanton said: “With my limited allotment I cannot furnish one-third of the schools in my district that ask me for them. I cannot get enough to fur- nish daily newspapers and large school libraries that demand copies.” Representative Clifton A. Woodrum of Virginia expressed the opinion that “a it deal of good could be accom- plished, the size of the Record could be reduced and its value as a document of information could be increased if there could be some sensible and logi- departments. The proposal has been | made that there be a unified Federal police which would handle all police | matters of which the Federal Govern- ‘ment has jurisdiction. The conception is a fascinating one from the popular point of view. There | has always been something of a gla- | mour about national police bodles. | Should such a body be created, it doubt- | less would attract some of the ablest men in the country. Presumably it would have a standing second scarcely to the United States Army itself and as many | tales would cluster around its exploits | as around those of the Canadian North- west Mounted Police. As a matter of fact there is & wealth of romance in | every branch of the Federal police ser- vices now, but there are so many branches that the popular mind can scarcely follow the intricacies of organ- ization. The idea of a single Federal police, however, would capture the national imagination. The Secret Service probably is the cal understanding between the House |best known Federal police organization, and Senate and among ourselves as to although it, in some ways, is the least what we put in the Record. It will be a sad day in this country whenever the people do not have full and ready and accurate information as to what we are doing, or what we are not doing, in this bogy.” stricted. Those duties are as important as any performed by any branch, but consist only of two activities—protection of the President and the suppression of Mr. Blanton recalled that a distin- counterfeiting. The me, the Secret guished Senator from Wisconsin had Service, has an allure and many people made a famous extension of remarks in think it covers many secret govern- the Record covering nearly 100 pages | mental activities, but, actually, this Mr. Woodrum said he had figured up |small body of men handles just these on another extension which cost some- | two functions. thing like $1,200 to $1,400. It is osti- Force With Widest Jurisdic mated that the cost of the Record is $55 per page. ‘There are four Federal organizations Representative Cannon said that a|engaged solely in police work, while member of the House recently sent out other branches have police officers on 200,000 coples of a printed speech, | their rolls, The most important organ- printed at the Government Printing | ization engaged in police and secret ser- Office at the rate of $11.30 for the flm‘ vice work is the Bureau of Investigation thousand and $2.30 for each additional | of the Department of Justice. It is that thousand, while a local union printer | body, operating under direction of the estimated the cost without profit to be | Attorney General, which has a force of $40 for the first thousand and $30 for | Operatives constituting a police force the balance. The Government Print- aimed at all Federal crime; that is, ing Office, he claims, had advised him | offenses against Federal statutes. From that they are losing money dally on |apprehension of forelgn spies to de- these speeches and not receiving the | tection of violation of the Mann act, actual cost of printing them, this organization has the widest juris- Representative Blanton protested that | diction. It overlaps in many cases. Its the franking of these speeches cost the ' operatives are everywhere and it can | important. Least important only in the | sense that its duties are narrowly re- | Government little or nothing. Testi- the sole purpose of blocking legislation. But everybody agrees that there must be compromise on essential legislation, and, once legislation is recognized as essential, neither branch of Congress would permit its smothering in con-| ference. The House and Senate conferees on the 1934 District appropriation bill have met twice without agreement and will meet again this week. There is noth- ing extraordinary about a failure to reach agreement in two meetings be- cause these are busy days for the legis- lators and they lack the time for protracted conferences on matters that do not concern the nation- sl welfare. It is to be hoped, of course, that within the next few days the conferees on this bill—so important to the welfare of this unrepresented com- | munity—will have agreed, by the nor- mal method of fair compromise, and that the bill can be enacted Without | Tecurrence of the deadlocks which in | the past have been so hurtful to this city. It is impossible to find in the bill now before the conferees any single item that could lead to protracted dis- pursuing and finally checked allied | worked together capably, but it is feared | line, against which the allies of 1933} troops and over which the German| tney confused matters by letting the forces later made & grand asssult that | buginess accounts become mixed up! was almost successful. | with the family budget. There is undoubtedly a certain like- | < ness between the two maneuvers, that| Consistency is not always practicable. : of Hindenburg in 1917 and that of | Considerable anxiety would be felt if | Hitler in 1933. The chancellor had not, | the President and his cabinet were to | perhaps; prepared the new position with | insist on a limited number of working | any definiteness, but he had po-llbly‘ hours to the week. anticipated some such move as that of | ot President Roosevelt, which was almost| Some of bonus marchers may havej explicitly addressed to the oermnn!nwuuu about a camp in the woods | situation. Whether he had any inti-| simply because the idea was not pre- | mation that it was coming, or acted | sented in the form of an excursion swiftly upon its deliverance, he executed | advertisement. his movement of retreat and re-en-‘ — trenchment skillfully. He is now in a | It might have been just as easy to much stronger position than before. | keep track of the movements of Joseph He was then out in a darigerous sallent,| W. Harriman if he had registered at He is now entrenched behind a stout| & hotel, instead of a nursing home. ———— | It is reported that Muscle Shosls | development has already proceeded far enough to call for the services of ex- pert accountants and an investigating | committee. e | are not likely to launch an assault. —r———————— The Tennessee Valley Director. The appointment of Arthur E. Morgan to direct the vast Tennessee Valley de- velopment project has exceptional in- terest. The first-glance impression that | President Roosevelt is merely giving a SHOOTING STARS. | | applied throughout the United States, | then the theories upon which the In- ternational Monetary and Economic Conference is to be conducted in Lon- {don this Summer must be drasticaily revised. That is the opinion cf numer- ous unattached observers in Washing: ton and also of many of those active participants in Washington's affairs who took important parts in preparing the “industrial recovery” bill for pres- entation to Congress. The principles of the “industrial re-| covery” bill have for the time being quite overshadowed the special particu- lar principles of the “farm relief” bill now on the Rooseveltian statute books. The genuinely unique feature of the “farm relief” bill is to be found in its provisions for reduction of acreage and output and for a “processing” tax, out of the proceeds of which the farmer would receive compensation for the re- duction accomplished. * x x x ‘These provisions, however, carried | with them an_accompanying mandate for the imposition of new tariff duties upon the agricultural commodities benefited. In other words, they com- | manded & raising of tariff evels at the | very time when the President was en- gaged in preaching and promoting 8 lowering of tariff levels throughout the world in the course of international agreemerits which the Economic Con- ference at London is supposed to begin to negotiate. This contradiction the President re- | mony on the economy bill, he said, are deeply amended. indeed, a|showed that all of "the. documents These theories included, agreement, unless the House conferees | further expression of his penchant for | should take the unreasonable position | college professors as national servants| that in matters relating to the Dis- | js unscientific. The fact is that his trict of Columbia their word must | choice in this instance is amply justified prevail with or without Senate concur- | by the training and experience of the Tence. Such a position, of course, | man he has selected. renders farcical the traditional theory | Mr. Morgan has been taming rivers | of compromise and more or less rele- | and putting them to work since his gates the views of the Senate as mean- | early youth. He has dictated to the BY PHILANDER JOHNSON, 5 | duction provisions and the output-re- duction provisions and the “processing” | tax provisions, along with the tariff- | raising provisions, of his new “farm re- lief” legislation. There then remained in that legislation—on behalf of a lift- | ing of farm-product prices in general— only the provisions for ‘“marketing Busy Old World. This old world's mighty busy! found s0 much to do It has to slight*a lot o' things that ought to be put through, It has And leave 'em for a future time when | agreements” among producers and proc- | |essors and for “licenses” to be issued it can rest and s S | to producers and processors by the Gov- “At last ‘We've got things runnin’ | solved by suspending the acreage re- | ingless, to be accepted or discarded | at will. | The District bill might have been | passed and signed long ago but for the existence of a legislative condition that made failure to agree on one point in the bill synonymous with wreckage of the whole bill. The conferees had ! agreed last Winter on everything in the | bill, and all but one of them were ready to accept a compromise by which the lump sum contribution was reduced waterways of four great States. He in 8| ernment. wrote the drainage code of Minnesota, the reclamation codes of Arkansas and Mississippi, and the conservancy law of Ohio. He aided in controlling the streams, big and little, of North Carolina and Louisiana. For years he was a practicing engineer at Memphis and Dayton. He built the system which now protects ten Ohio cities from floods, and performed a similar service for several Colorado communities. All of which regular sort of way.” e But till that time you'll often find that worth is set aside And honesty be humbled as it meem! the glance of pride. The way is long and weary that this | old world has to climb, | « it simply hasn't time. 'Tis sad to see a singer starve, as sing- ers often do. * K ok x But these latter provisions are based on principles virtually identical with those which animate the proposed oper- ations of the “industrial recovery” act. Under the “industrial recovery” act it becomes possible for manufacturers to enter into “agreements” regarding prices, and those “agreements” become en- It would like to wait on stragglers—but forceable when sanctioned by the Gov- | ernment. Under the “industrial recov- ery” act it also becomes possible for the Government to issue “licenses”—or to refuse to issue “licenses”—to manufac- turers in order to impose upon them the from the $9,500,000. proposed by the Senate to $7,600,000—this being an in- crease of slightly over a million dollars in the sum proposed by the House. But because the compromise figure was not unanimously accepted by the con- | ferees the bill failed. Now one point of disagreement is appears to constituté about as fine a professional background as any in- dividual possibly could have for such an assignment as that for which he now is drafted. But Mr. Morgan also has other | qualifications. When he became presi- dent of Antioch College in 192 the necessity of maintaining the prices and | other conditions of the “agreements” or | “codes” which may have been brought into existence. The immediately prospective opera- tions of the two laws are therefore in A structure is completed and the Hme | ;) oo category of legislative thought. of toll is past. | The Department of Agriculture is al- But this old world says “We're striving | ready proceeding toward the formulation and we're tolling for a hight | of “marketing agreements” among agri This old world says “We've had the song. There’s no more need of you.” And patient industry will be forgotten when at last sgain over the lump sum. The House took the budget figure of $5,700,000— although it distorted the formula by] expenditures from local tax funds hav- Ing been authorized, which increased to over $6,000,000 the Jump sum resulting from the application to the increased appropriations of the Budget Bureau's| formula. The Senate now recommends that the lJump sum be $6,250,000—which is a quarter of a million less than any sum previously recommended by the House. Even the lump sum proposed by the | Benate is inadequate and unjust to the National Capital, which, unhappily, has no effective voice in determining how its large contribution to the national | tax fund as well as its millions in local | taxes shell be expended. | The other point of disagreement is | whether the District is to be permitted | to skip the next fiscal year's payment of one million dollars on the park | purchase funds advances. All logic and fairness would demand that this be done. The Senate has twice proposed | that it be done. It merely extends to the District of Columbia the privilege of diverting money into necessary chan- nels in this lean year that lies ahead instead of turning into the Treasury a vastly larger sum proportionately than i the original park legisiat‘on contem- | wiated snould be repaid at fhis time. A postponement of scheduled sxpenditures | in this connection justifies a corre- | sponding postponement of scheduled in- ‘ stallments of repayment. | All other changes made by the Sen- | ate in the District bill contemplate the | useful expenditure of unexpended bal- ances or surpluses of local tax revenues, | together with placing some discretion- | ary power in the hands of the local officials which will enable them teo eke out their allowances and make both ends meet. e District, bone. Th bill this year is, indeed, lean » » There is M.mwn sehool's budget was $15,000 a year. At present it is $700,000. Comparison of these figures suggests the tremendous expansion which the institution has | ing stick is apt, because mot a penny is | wasted at Antioch—it is a poor-people’s college and does not indulge in useless frills. That it is now approximately fifty times as, large, busy and effective as it was thirteen years ago is the legitimate implication of the budget contrast cited. The secret of the growth is its sponsor's managerial genius. Farm boy, logger, printer, engineer, | economist and a born executive—all these Mr. Morgan has been. But much more important is the fact that he is eminently skilled in knowledge of the human heart and mind, a keen student of the psychology of his felfow creatures The Tennessee Valley enterprise should | go forward both rapidly and efficiently under his inspiration and governance. | He will give his own best effort, and he will stimulate the best endeavor in all who share with him in the task. ———— Though capitalism is widely regarded | Where every one can have his share of nourishment ard light. | I'd Iike to stop each sacrifice pathetic | or sublime. | Some day we will—but now I simply haven't got the time” /s Expression. | “Money talks!” exclaimed the senten- | tious citizen. | “So I have heard,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Some of my investigations convince me that it is tempted now and then to express itself in a way it ought to be ashamed of.” Jud Tunkins says every person, one time or another, has to do as he is told and can consider himself right lucky if he has found the right person to do | the teliin’ | + Disproportionate Distribution. There is a limit to our cheer When we perceive as time goes by, With liberality of beer A shortage in our milk supply. Curtailing Cnl‘lveruliom “What is vour objection to a sales tax?” “I like conversation,” said Mr. Dustin Stax. “When you have paid the tax on your breakfast, you eat up the evi- dence and there is no chance to argue with the tax collector.” as essential to the modern social sys- tem, there is no popular inclination to support the kind of capital engaged in the manufacture of arms and muni- tions. R New Shoes. A wise and prodigiously experienced | «Qur ancestors,” said Hi Ho, the sage | philanthropist once said, “If & man i | of Chinatown, “made mistakes and too | down and pretty nearly out, the Best orien we find it easier to imitate their | thing you can do for him 15 to buy him | errors instead of their wisdom.” ‘ a pair of new shoes.” The remark is worth remembering. It s psychologi- Grub and Butterfly. cally sound and abundantly apt. The The butterfly—with joy profound ancients had a proverb to the effect that | We see him in resplendent flight, the whole earth is carpeted with velvet Until he brings his family 'round for the person who is comfortably shod. | To eat up everything in sight. ‘The history of footyear might be considered the history of civilization. The human race began to emerge frem ( Uncle Eben, “is lisble to be almost as “Gitten’ de right kind of advice,” said | cultural producers and among “proces- | sors” of agricultural products for the | purpose of enhancing the prices of such i products. The passage of the “industrial recovery” act will be forwarded by the | formulation of “agreemerits” or “codes” for the purpose of enhancing the prices | of non-agricultural products. SO between the prices of the farm and the prices of the factory. The objective of the “farm relief” bill, as declared in its | preamble, is the diminishing of the “disparity” between the prices of the farm and the prices of the factory. That is, the prices of the farm were to be made to rise level to the prices of the factory in terms of the farmer's purchasing power as it existed in the years from 1909 to 1914. It ‘was not calculated, when the “farm relief” bill was introduced, that there would be also an “industrial recovery” bill twist to prices in general. The qu tion now arises: If the Government starts boosting non-farm prices at the-same time it is boosting farm prices, how will the rap—the so-called “disparity"—between the non-farm price level and the farm | Price level ever get closed? Eie . It is thought that the Government may endeavor to answer this question by causing this agency for non-farm price lifting to work more cautiously and more slowly than its agency for agricultural price lifting. This will require a nice adjustment in relativity of governmental efforts. Meanwhile the markets are paying little attention to any such problem in Einsteinian economic mathematics. In the markets the prices of agricul- tural commodities and of non-agri- cultural commodities gre going up_at often approXimately gqual speeds. The “farm relief’ law is enly on the verge of being actually applied and the “in- dustrial recovery” bill has not yet been even debated by Congress. Psychologic- ally, nevertheless, both pieces of legis- | lation are already largely in effect. The .markets have caught the temper of the | administration and are responding to it. They are responding to it as heart- ily in cotton cloth as in cotton, in copper as in corn, in the products of city sweatshops as in the products of desert ranches. The United States, the status of brute creatures when some | much s matter of luck as gittin' de unknown genjus first protected his pedal mmhnfltmul‘nflt" alone amq the great countries of the world exhibits a general price level Jrapidly mounting. We shall then witness, if all goes well. | an exciting race on the upward spiral | for giving an upward | lifting of prices. +The lifting contem- | plated, however, was a world-wide lift- ing. The conference was to produce in- ternational agreements through which | prices would rise everywhere. They | would rise in such a way as to give some meaning to the phrase “world | price level.” The ultimate actual ob- | | jective was precisely that “world price level.” The writers of the program of the conference expressed themselves on | this point perfectly clearly. They said that an essential condition to the suc- | cess of the conference and of its acts | was “a reasonable degree of stability of +prices as the world measure of value.” ‘Treir reason for this view was stated with equal clarity. Without a certain stability of prices in the world sense it | is enormously difficuit to operate an in- | | ternational monetary standard, whether | of gold or of anything else, and with- out that stability it is virtually impos- sible to secure general international | understandings of a firm character for the reducing of tariff duties and of other “economic barriers.” The validity of such arguments is i abundantly proved out of the recent ex- | perience of our own Government itself |in Washington. Every effort here to | raise prices has been attended by sn | equal effort to raise tariff dutles. * %k ox % The introduction in Congress of the Black - Connery - Perkins scheme shortening the hours of labor and for | accomplishing other purposes which would increase costs and prices was in- | stantly succeeded by a strong demand | for new compensatory tariff duties upon | imports of foreign competitive lower- ost products. . The visits of our petroleum producers | to the office of the Secretary of the In- | terfor for the purpose of advancing pe- | troleum prices have always been accom- panied by simultaneous requests for the ralsing of the duty on petroleum from | abroad. | The new “industrial recovery” bill | will not have been long in Congress be- | fore numerous amendments will be of- |fered to it for tariff increases. The | gentlemen offering the amendments will maintain that a country which is “in- | flating” costs and prices must addition- lally protect itself against countries which—like Germany—are devoting themselves to “deflating” costs and | prices. Their contentions will be dif- | ficult to counter. | The conclusion might seem to be that the International Monetary and Eco- nomic Conference, instead of perfecting | any universal agreement for lower tariff | duties, may find ftself obliged to lead the world rather to an extremely com- | plex system of “bargaining tariff trea- | ties” in which each country will higgle | and haggle with every other country in | a maze of conflicting, artificial, govern- mental, national price levels. That may |be the new stormy “economic interna- tionalism.” for | e (Copyright, 1933.) oo Retailers Concerned as To Distribution Problem BY HARDEN COLFAX. Spokesmen of retailers and others | having to do with marketing are much | oncerned over what they term the | failure of all industrial recovery meas- | ures to date to recognize the tre- mendous problem of distribution. 1t is the avowed purpose of the ad- ministration’s new legislation to per- mit the working out of trade agree- ments_within industry, looking to the control of production ‘and prices and ‘the fixing of hours of work and wage schedules and, as a consequence, some relaxation of the anti-trust laws. How- ever, it makes only the most general reference to distribution, which is acknowledged to be the field in which many of our business troubles le. Therefore, according to information received here, chain .store executives, | advertisers and leaders in varous other fields are complaining that adequate attention is not given to the problems | of marketing and modern ways of cul- | tivating consumer needs and prefer- | ences. John Guernsey, for years & recog- franked by the Government from all the departments, and including Con- | gress, constitutes only one-tenth of 1 per cent of the deficit of the Post Office Department. He called attention that on postal matters said that with the present Post Office force it could handle twice as much mail at the same cost at which the mail is now being handled. The Post Office employes, he insisted, receive nothing additional for handling franked (free of postage) mail of Con- gressmen. House Leader Byrns said that to keep the record clear it would not show that members of the House are having the | printing of their speeches done at less than cost. He emphasized that the Public Printer estimates the actual cost of all speeches he prints and members | reimburse the Government. Chairman Cochran of the House Committee on Expenditures said that he had conferred with the minority leader, Mr. Snell, and suggested a con- ference with House Leader Byrns so that they might ‘e¢ upon two Re- publican members and two Democratic members whose duty it would be to represent their respective parties on the floor to object to unanimous consent requests for extension of remarks, espe- cially the insertion of editorials and newspaper articles. Representative Weideman of Mich- igan, stressed the fact that the Con- gressional Record “will stand as a part of the current history of the country.” He suggested that “it is necessary to print this Record so that the people who are elected here to Congress, but who do not seem to have time to attend the sessions, may know what is going on.” He declared that “this is our open forum for discussion, where we meet and exchange views” and ex- pressed a willingness to vote for in- creasing the number of Congressional Reaords to be distributed throughout the country. & * % x Now comes a veteran member of ess—Representative Edward T. Taylor of Colorado, born on a farm, who in his younger years was a school teacher and school superintendent, served five terms as city attorney and two as county attorney, 12 years in the State Senate, where he was presi- dent pro tempore, and who conducted a4 campaign through 24 Western States | to educate foreign-born citizens of 46 different nationalities to vote intelli- gently. Having for many years been interested especially in the Interior De- partment and taking an active part in making appropriations for those ac- tivities, “which extend from the Arctic Circle to the Equator” and which he considers “has a wider variety of inter- esting activities than any other branch of the Government,” he is urging his colleagues and the public to read a recent address by the new Secretary of the Interior, Harold L. Ickes, “ex- ceedingly informative and instructive,” covering the work of that department. Secretary Ickes explains that the department was established by act of Congress March 3, 1849. ing up a reindeer herd in Alaska to cul- tivating tcmatoes in the Virgin Island: from sypervising the business and so- cial gfairs of approximately - 228,000 Indian wards of the United States to| keeping in touch, with the activities of | Hospitals and scfiools for the Negroes; from administering the 14,702,205 acres of the national parks and monuments and seeing that they are available at all seasonable times for the enjoy- ment of millions of American citizens who visit them each year to passing upon such technical matters as are in- volved in the administration of the General Land Office, the Geological Sur- vey, and the Reclamation Service, offer a sufficient variety to engage the en- thusiastic interest of any man,” he says. That department employs some 15,000 persons, practically all of whom are under civil service. The functions of that department, Yroadly stated, are sociological and sclentific. “Our pri- mary concern,” explains Secretary Ickes, “is the protection and enlarge- ment of life and the conservation of natural resource: “Prom build- { | nized authority on retail trade with the | petter understanding of the way to Census Bureau, and now editor of the|meet the problems of marketing, of Retall Ledger, expressed the opinion|how to distribute the products of mills this week that the administration |and factories, is evidenced by the in- needs the counsel of outstanding re-|creasing number of studies of con- tailers if it is to succeed, even meas-|sumer needs and preferences and the urably, in its plans to help all business | best way to take advantage of them revive. The retailer q( the United { which are being made by Government States, in Mr. Guernsey's opinion, de- | and private agencies. The Bu- serves the gratitude of all of us for|reau, for instance, has just completed | the way he has carried on through the|a series of studies of profitable and | depression, “without forfeiting any pop- | unprofitable store management. It dis- | ular esteem, providing now the one|closes that the average family income vestige of constructive leadership in |last year was just over $1,400, and of | the business world.” s this some $960 was spent in retail stores. More people are engaged in retail| An even better understanding of the distribution than there were during | consuming public is contemplated by several years prior to the depression, | the new code of ethical practices and it is argued that these merchan- disers really are purchasing agents' for | Advertisers and the American Associa- the consuming public, about which all | tion of Advertising Agencies. Changes questions of national ess policy re- | are to be worked out in practice with adopted by the Association of Natlonal | volve. Hence, Mr. Guernsey ingists that if the utility man, the railroader f |and the financier know the the answers. The reslization of the need for & LY the National Better Business Bureau, st S, o el n en! new policies for the “better policlnlv—’ co-operative polieing—of Government and busine d 3 (Copyright. 1933.) B | assist the Secret Service in counter- | feiting cases, if desired, although it is | ;zlldom that competent body needs any elp. It ‘is the Bureau of Investigation which has the famous collection of | millions of fingerprints. It has millions of cards in an elaborately crossed in- ! the President in a recent radio address | dex, containing information relating to | known criminals. The bureau has 25 field offices at strategic points through- out the Nation. During the World War | the bureau did some of the most bril- | liant spy work recorded. It ferreted out details of the activities of enemy agents in the United States. In peace- time it has done investigative work un- coverng subversive activites of Reds. A third organization devoted wholly Canadian Northwest Mounted are any more fascinating than those concern- ing the activities of this body. Its duties resolve themselves chiefly into en- | forcement of the exclusion acts which deny admission to the United States of | certain Orientals. Attempts constantly | are being made to smuggle Chinese into | the country, and the canny alertness of this organization has kept thousands of | Celestials out. |, Secret Service. Bureau of Investiga- tion, Customs Patrol and Immigration | Patrol, then, are the four services en- gaged solely in po'ice work. But there is a great deal of other police wo'k done. For example, th> Coast Guard, | which was organized originally to pre- vent frauds upon the revenue and to save lives and property at sea, has been, since prohibition, very largely concerned with police activity against rum run- ners. Rum Row, the coast, the rendezvous of ships attempting to land illicit liquor, is hourly watched by Coast Guard cutters and its vessels pa- trol up and down the coast looking for offenders. The ships are armed and, as the newspapers testify, they are mnot slow to shoot. The Coast Guard, like the ‘Secrez Service, comes under the Treasury. Smuggling Dope and Jewels. The Narcotic Unit of the Treasury also has police officers engaged in en- | forcing the Harricon narcotic law. It is this body of Federalpolice which is engaged in running down the dope ped- dlers. It works, to some extent, in co- operation with another Treasury force, the Customs Inspectors. The latter force has many of its operatives in foreign countries, They have ways of inform- ing themselves when attempts at smug- gling are about to be made. If a $100.000 pearl rope is starting for the United States hidden from declaration, these detectives are likely to know about it, cabling the information to their col- leagues here. They also give notice of secret shipments of illicit drugs des- tined for this country. The Post Office Department main- | tains a force of Post Office | whose duty it is to enforce the postal |law, gather evidence on the basis of | which fraud orders 'are issued, dis- | cover abuses of the mails, guard against | mail robberies -and the like. The mili- | tary and naval intelligence services and | the secret work of the State Depart- |ment are affairs apart and, perhaps, | never would be included in any in- tegrated Federal police. The reorganization idea is that these and many other services be brought into |one large organization, the Federal Police. There are 5,000 men on Fede- | ral police duty, not counting the Coast | Guard, which has anotner 6,000. The | welding of the whole service into one {force would create an organization | which would develop world-wide pres- tige. Against the idea it has been urged that special training is required for each | one of these now incependent services. | However, the Federal police could be | departmentalized and yet have a single | directing head. | _The day yet may come when the | United States will have a super-Scot- !land Yard. 'Britain Hails Roosevelt’s ‘ Disarmament Appeal BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, May 20.—This has been | the most critical week in Europe since the World War, and if the Disarmament Conference has escaped disruption, that fact is mainly due to the admirably timed intervention by President Roose- velt. Other factors contributed to stem the imminent stampede into chaos, notably ain speaking addressed to Dr. Al- | Rosenberg, Chancellor Hitler's | emissary, during his visit to London, | both by the British foreign office and ! by Ambassador Norman Davis -of the | United States. Also, the practical ex- | pulsion of Dr. Hans Frank, German Nazi leader, by the Austrian government served to remind Germany of the perils | invited by her provocative policy and by |such menacing language as that used |by Vice Chancellor von Papen in his speech at Munster. Up to wednsdlglthe gravest appre- hensions prevailed in government circles here, and a member of the cabinet ex- pressed to me the view that the Dis- armament Conference seemed doomed. “And if it fails,” he added, “the World Economic Conference fails with it.” * K X x In the circumstances, President Roosevelt's message in its mingled firm- ness and moderation exactly met the needs of the situation and sensibly re- lieved the tension here. Whether or not Chancellor Hitler rewrote his | Reichstag speech under the influence of President Roosevelt's appeal to the world, it is undoubted that it brought the pls f alities which the German policy was challenging and checked the tendency to pursue the game of bluff. Moreover, Hitler's wisdom in consulting Dr. Hein- rich Bruening before making the speech is significant of the changed mentality of the chancellor. Both in France and England the temper as well as the content of the Hitler speech was received with a feel- ing of rellef. For the first time, as the London Times remarked, bchind the demagogue and the showman the world has caught a glimpse of the statesman. The immediate peril was at least allayed and the Disarmament Conference met in a new and more hopeful atmosphere. Hitler’s implied rebuke of Von Papen's saber-rattling speech was welcomed, mon sense denunciation of war, as the Manchester Guardian observes, are a hundred other acts and utterances which breed fear in those who are asked to contemplate actual German equality of arms and the use that may be made of it in five years’ time. * % k¥ 1t is agreed that Hitler's new terms go far toward accommodation. The im- mediate cause of the disarmament deadlock is remaved by Germany's willingness to abandon the long-service Reichswehr and withdrawal of her demand for immediate practical equal- ity. The main difference of Hitler with President Roosevelt is in regard to the term of the transitional period. Roose- occupying five years, in the draft convention, and then an agreed “time and procedure for following steps.” Germany seeks the attainment of full equality in five years. With Hitler’s predecessors in power, such terms would have offered a favor- able basis for a settlement, but the deep-seated suspicion of the Nazi dic- tatorship and the effect of recent events on French fears must be reckoned with. ‘The demand for security bas been revived in France with redoubled force, and increased stress is laid on the necessity of a -searching scheme for international supervision of armaments. Much depends on the attitude that the United States is prepared to adopt towards an aggressor who breaks the disarmament convention. The decision of Washington in this great matter will have an impertant bearing on the issue. Liberal opinion here also urges Great Britain to make a contribution to agreement by a further concession on the subject of tanks and by energeti- cally strengthening the hands of the League of Nations in restraint of the wrongdoer. How far Hitler can control the for- midable spirit of belligerency he has aroused remains to be T seen, but a week which opened with the bodings is ending fore- s distinctly " (Copyrisht. 1033.) " him face to face with the external re- | but against his pacific words and com- | velt contemplates the first definite step. | British Fifty Years Ag(; In The Star Gruesome souvenirs of crime, and par- ticularly portions of the bodies of those 3 ” executed” for the gravest Guiteau's of wobmu'“nfi have ‘lg'y’: Skeleton. yic™ciriosity. particularly so in the case of Gui-* teau, slayer of President Garfield, who was executed a little more than 50 years ago in this city. The Star of May 15, 1883, says: “The bones of Charles J. Guiteau, the | assassin of President Garfield, who was executed at the jail in this city on June 30, 1882, after having been in the Army Medical Museum since July 3 last, have at length, it is stated, lost their identity as his bones. The day following the execution Guiteau's body was interred under the floor of the east wing of the Jail.. On the night of July 3 it was res- urrected by the anatomist of the museum, Dr. E. P. Schafhert, and taken to the museum. Here the bones were prepared for articulation, and, being in fine order for such purpose, it was supposed that some day or other Gui- teau’s skeleton would be placed in & glass case in the museum, labeled. It was known by a number of the clerks and other employes of the museum that the bones were there, but | only a few persons have ever been per- mitted to see them. It has been deemed | inadvisable, however, to place the skel- |eton on exhibition as that of Guiteau. | for, like the cervicle vertebrae cof the | essassin of Lincoln, Wilkes Booth, it | would have attracted too large a crowd. | Recently Dr. C. H. Crane, the surgeon general, took the bones into his personal possession and he has made a disposal of them of which every other person is ignorant. Gen. Crane will doubtless teeg the secret to himself. It is thought that the bones are yet in the building as an entire skeleton, or that they, with other bones, form exhibits there.” * | 1 | * ‘The T-rail controversy which agitated ‘Washington fifty years ago wor not English Rail 3oay 16, 185 sar Is Suggested. “The laying of the T-rail upon our | tramways is defended on the ground that | the flat rail in use here is difficult to | keep in place and that cars do not | run smoothly upon it. ' If the American | flat rail is not up to the mark and is to be superseded. why mnot adopt the | European flat rail, which is -laid level | with the street and which has a narrow groove to hold the car wheel upon the track by a thin flange and which offers no chstacle whatever to the movement of in any direction upon the- hi streets? The T-rail is so ly objectionable, especially upon the smooth streets of Washington, which would otherwise rank as the finest driv- ing streets in the world, that the Com- missioners should in all possible ways discountenance its adoption here. They should forbid any extension of its use here or its being relaid when the tracks | where it is now in use sre renewed.” * “The action of the Chicago Cily Council,” says The SE&:’ of May 18, 1883, . 0 . “in passing an ordi- | Chicago's Wire famce reqxlxgx.rin: that y a certain date Pole Scandal. g, % S0 ome | | panies should substitute underground for overhead wires, met with the universal approbation of disinterested citizens of city has power to enforce obedience to its ordinances on the part of co: i tions would have been tested and de- termined; but when the contest came to an issue, the City Council disap- pointed the public by agreeing to a compromise which left the companies | virtual masters of the situation. They | are simply required to change thé char- | agter of their poles. It needs no argu- ment to show that the companies are not erecting iron poles with any ex- pectation of lowe them soon. They put them up, no doubt, with the inten- tion of maintaining them permanen And now the Chicago Tribune This was *