Evening Star Newspaper, December 11, 1930, Page 35

" GLAND VARIANCE HELD EREDTARY 52 Carnegie Institution Geneti- cists Trace Characteristics due to Pituitary Body. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Minute differences in some of the glands of internals secretion are trans- mitted by heredity. Convineing evidence to this effect, with far-reaching implications as to the still mysterious origin of races of men and animals, has been obtained by the Department of Genetics of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The first witnesses are a cageful of dwarf mice. They belong to a species the normal individual of which weighs about 40 grams when full-grown. But these mice, born of normal size, stop growing when about two weeks old, as soon as they begin eating solid food. Just such a dwarf is born in a human family now and then. Have Defective Glands. Examination shows that the dwarf mice have defective thyroid and adrenal glands. Most serious of all, the front Iobe of the tiny pituitary gland at the base of the brain is under-developed. This is known to secrete into the blood- stream infinitestimable amount of two complex chemicals, which have not yet been isolated. A deficiency of one causes & condition that prevents growth. ‘The parents of these dwarfs appear to be normal. but strated that they al fic hereditary strain. stopping complex of factors, in which secretions of other endocrine glands are supposed to enter, appears to work as a unit transmitted approximately accord- ing to the Mendelian law of heredity. ‘That this hereditary unit works through the channel of the endocrine lands has been demonstrated by Prof. hilip E. Smith of the College of Phy- sicians and Surgeons of New York, in co-operation’ with the Department of Genetics. For if the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is replaced surgi- cally the mouse will grow normally and breed. A preparation of the whole lobe is injected into the leg muscles. This #hows that this gland has the power of regulation over the other growth-controlling glands. All are in- timately tied together in the mechanics of the living body. Everything follows from a slight defect in a single one of these mysterious organs. Ratio Is Fixed. Experiments have shown that a quar- ter of the offspring of two dwarf-pro- ducing parents will be dwarfs, half will be dwarf-producing normals and a quarter will be normals that will not produce dwarfs. ' This indicates that the mechanism which produces dwarf- ness, probably extremely complex, is due primarily to a single hereditary unit which may be transmitted in a latent condition by normal mice. It is a “recessive” unit in the terminology of the geneticists. This supposes a dominant unit necessary for the normal g:b\‘:lopment of the anterior pituitary Now human dwarfs also are due to anterior lobe deficiencies. The experi- ments with mice strongly indicate that the human conditions also is hereditary. The chemical substance -secreted is ex- tremely powerful and specific. The fact that the mice can be restored to normal by the injection of the macerated lobe itself holds out the hope, 1t is pointed out, that this method may cure dwarf- ism in man with further development. ‘With the mice daily injections of ex- tremely slight amounts are made. ‘There is no building up of & supply of anterior lobe hormone. In this respect to a condition of stunted growth and feeble-mindedness known as cretinism, which a few years ago was But victims now can be restored to normal and kept there indefinitely by & daily dose of the synthetic product. Having proved a hereditary condi- tion due to pituitary deficiency in mice, the Carnegie experimenters leave open the guestion as to the origin of such dwarf human races as e African and Melanesian pygmies. Dwarfness in the mice is not transmittable by the dwarfs themselves, since another hor- mone by the anterior pituitary lobe is essential to reproduction. 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And with e ferences in the weight of the thyroid unequal “racial”’ rates of heat produc- tion have been found. More significan still is the resistance of tire different strains Yo hot and cold weather, Some adjust easily to differences in tempera- ture, while others suffer. The racial inheritance of different sizes of thyroid, with the resulting behavior differences, has not yet been demonstrated t» fol- low the Mendelian law as does dwarf- ness in rats, but it has been demon- strated to pass from parents to off- Apriaf. Still other probable “races” have be:n developed according to size of the pitui- tary gland. Generally it has been l;und tl;uf/f birds with lon“. l:,l:dd.\um and short intsstines are equip) respec- tively with large, mfim and small pituitaries and that these are trans- mitted by inheritance. New Avenue Opened. ‘The demonstration of the hereditary ion of these glandular dif- ferences opens a promising avenue of approach to the problem of why races of men differ. Nobody knows why a Chinese and a Norw:gian, both of the same species and with a remote com- mon ancestor, shou'd differ as markedly as they do in physique and possibly in more intangibl> qualities of mind and character. There has long be'n specu- lation of possible hereditary giandular factors responsible for this difference in the beginning. But there has bcen very littls evidence that glandular con- ditions were hereditary. ‘With such hereditary factors work- ing in mice and birds, however, there is considerable probability that some- demonstrations' may be the beginning of a sclentific explanation of nothing less than the origin of the divisions of the human family itself. These rats and birds who are play- ing such a notable part in the drama of science will be shown the institu- ing Priday and will continue on ex! bition for the general public Saturd: Sunday and Monday. OPERA WARMLY RECEIVED “Le Preciose Ridicole’”” Presented on Metropolitan Stage. NEW YORK, December 11 (#).—The American _premiere of Lattuada’s “Le Prociose Ridicole,” based upon a gay plece of Moliere, was warmly recéived I: }:{1‘3 Metropolitan Opera House last nig] ‘The opera is in one act and was pre- sented in conjunction with Moussorg- sky's “Fair of SBorochintzky,” which had its American premiere earlier this sea- son. Lucrezia Bori and Gladys Swarthout sang the feminine leads. An American, Robert Edmund Jones, provided a bril- liant setting for the piece. TRICO RADIATOR FURNITURE Stops Smudge Humidifies Ais Beaut: Write or Phone National 6% free estimate. F. B. Blackburn, Distributor 706 CHANDLER BLDG. 1427 Eye St. N.W. . ¢aF EVENING STAR. WASHING FORD GVENHEDAL: FORPONEERWORK Industrial - Spokesmen Pre- dict Progress at lllinois Meeting. CHICAGO, = December 11.—Henry 1t | Ford” was presented Tuesday night with & medal by the Illinois Manufacturers’ Association for what was termed “his ploneer work in industry and his leader- shil%ln present-day mnnuhcturlnT" rd bowed to the large audience, smiled, and resumed his seat. He made no address. Others on the prcgram of the asso- ciation’s annual dinner—spokesmen of national industry—took ‘optimism” as their keynote and saw pressnt distress as temporary and soon to be replaced by a future cf greater advancement. Sir Edward W. Beatty, president of the Canadian Pacific Railway, prophe- sled a period of equal and continuing progress for his country. Senator-elect James Hamilton Lewis of Illinois, and Arthur Brisbane, editor, drew on national history to confirm their beliefs in a period of growth replacing the present retardation. Sir Edward made a reference to the mAmerlc::m tariff, remar ed:exngmm-c “We ve e oW, m your policies, and Canada recently has adopted a tariff policy similar to yours.” Counties in Florida have started a| ts and hitch- n " this Winter. Have you seen the new arrival? FUNERAL RITES HELD FOR LE ROY BILDMAN Proprietor of Store Who Died of Bullet Wound Rests in Adas Israel Cemetery. Funeral services for Le Roy Bildman, 31, proprietor of the Le Roy Novelty Co. store, 709 D street, were conducted in the Chapel of Bernard Danzansky Tuesday. Interment was in Adas Mr. died in Emergency Hos- ttal ' Monday morning, after he was found unconscious in the basement of MOTOR OIL. "BEST OIL IN THE WORLD" To keep ysur car in good condition, avoid haphazard buying of oil at irresponsible dealers. Use Autocrat Motor Oil and enjoy the great difference. It will save wear and tear on your motor and unnec- essary repeir bills. 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Worth 50c to $2 Now 25¢ to $1.50 Clothes Brushes Combs in Cases Score Pads Memo Books Telephone Pads Tie Racks Also & group of samples of Nationally Famous Buxion Items for Men, including Key Cases, Cigarette Cases, Tobac- co Pouches and Billfolds: Worth $1 to $12.50 Now 50c to $6.25 Florentine effect Leather- ette Bridge Items. Worth 69 to $1.50 Now 25¢ to $1.00 (Main Floor, The Hecht Co.) Worth $2.50 to $20 Now $1.50 to $10 Military Brush Sets Men’s Fitted Toilet Cases Beverage Sets Portiolios Bridge Sets Billfolds TON, D. €., THURSDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1930’ day, at 11 , at , Northeast QUAKE HURTS HUNDREDS [y, 11 aum. ot Brsneian, Norshens Jjured and many buildings, including the Violent Shock in Northeast Turkey | OVerors mansion and telegraph office, were destroyed. Destroys Houses. ISTANBUL, Turkey, December 11 (). —A violent earthquake was felt yester- TEA DANCE TOMORROW The Men's Club of Wilson Teachers' e LY College, The broken telegraph lines held back give a “sunlight” mnmdm&u&m:mm“:“mfim“nt still lacking. The town of Kemah also mntfurnom. The proceeds will go o - charity, Via The Double-Track Sea-Level Route From Washington DE LUXE SERVICE = NO EXTRA FARE Havana Special Florida Special Leave 3.10 A. M. (Sisepsrs sy 44th Consecutive Seasan daily for Florida East Coast. Leave 3.25 A. M, daily for Connects at Key West and Palm Beach, Miami, St. Tampa via P.& O.5.8.Co. Petersburg, Tampa, Sara- for Havana. sota, intermediate points. Connect with Pan-American Planes at Miami for Nassau, Havana and beyond The Miamian Gulf Coast Limited Leave 2.55 P. M. One Leave 2.55 P. M. One night out, with daylight ar- night out, with daylight ar- _rivals at East Coast points. "3:',: ‘cto.c?, g e Trains Daily Leave 7.25 P.M. 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