Evening Star Newspaper, October 12, 1930, Page 32

NINFORMED CHATTER WOULD AID RELATIONS Noted Novelist Discusses Situation as It May Prevail Between United States and England. (Continued From First Page.) dcan skyline, our American girls, Amer- dcan films Americanizing the world, and Wwhat, in your opinion, are 24 ways to increase amity between your country and America?” The hogsheads of printer's ink that have found their way on to woodpulp ~—and not necessarily from the mouths of babes or the mouths of the undis- tinguished-—could have fioated the Brit- ish navy when its displacement was of far more appalling capacity than it is now. America not only invites but actually baits with those large checks which simultaneously make her sublime and ridiculous the sweeping hordes of Brit- ish lecturers who cross the boisterous seas, bringing sweetness and light to ladies’ uplift societies, which ladies’ so- cleties in turn sit back, wallowing in] sadisiic ecstasies when British lecturers return home with inflaming stories | about America’s flaming youth, flaming 'g‘}nk.'chlcuo'n humén an , fantastic civilization, eye-hurting and ear-splitting syncopation. It is the fashion for Americans visit- ing England to bend too far backward with man-from-home innocence of class distinction (a snobbery as acute as the snobbery it decries); or, kicking native dust violently behind, climb aboard the lugger of the older civilization. England in High Favor. “England is the only place to live!”| they say. “Don’t you just admire the | change of the Guard? Gives one such a sense of background. You have to really understand the English to love them. They aren’t all on the surface like we are, and they do know how to lve. I just love their customs and the names their streets. Here in the empire it is just a matter of knowing the right people. In England you are simple. P it meet up with the are selling us ever so many of their glorious antiques. They just are. With people who are as such s they are, it is actually smart, mind you, to wear tongue for his money. Moner isn't e hing “No, I 'mu.st admit that you British are not 8o hospitable as we are. And how unplayful! I want to get out in the solemn streets of your beautiful old London and toubgg my cap, or some- body's cap. Anybody’ cap! And the food! If any one serves me with another pale paste called York- shire pudding, I'll jump to Paris and commit suicide on 2,000 little escargots. “Of course, you are not to think I am finding fault with your glorious country. Dear knows we have plenty to worry about at home. I always say England is the only real democracy. And I love your young people! So cocksure. I could tell you stories that go on, espe- cially since prohibition, in our younger sets! I've never happened to see any of the goings an first hand; we live so far inland, you know. Vandalia. Only 200 miles from Chicago. Just don't want you to think that things in. Amer- ica are all hunky dory.” “Well,” say the English to the Amer- icans, “we aren't a demonstrative peo- ple! We don't put ourselves out very much to make you feel at home, simply because we are not like that.” Comment on America Quoted. A general awareness that nobody seems to do anything about. “It is this way with us” say the Americans. “We live like a pack of lunatics and yearn to learn how to ad- just our lives to your ruieter, pleasanter pace.” fantastic for words,” says the English- man who has seen New York, Chicago and Niagara Falls. “I love the way the English talk. I can't understand four words out of six,” says the American who is forever ask- ing whether the wife of & “sir” is called lady or nothing. 1t is all very brisk and animated and a bit polsonous, this tea-table patter, which, like the tiny particles that make up the elements, goes to make up the elements of the complicated interna- tional picture between alleged cousins. A little less talk and more tolerance might help to clarify the overloaded atmosphere. Also a little less super- your gloves mended and to make a point of le{unz your tailor hang out his ficial comment on profound matters— including that of lady novelists. League Will Call Con ference During 1931 To Consider Proposed Calendar Change Word comes from Geneva that the tional conference to consider the Union. He found that nearly all of the railways were favorable. The Prench committee consists of a special committee of the National Eco- nomic Council, an official body presided over by the premier. The Italian committee, appointed by Premier Mussolini, is composed of rep- resentatives of the Fascist confedera- tions controlling the various national activities. It is headed by Prof. Amedeo Giannini, representing the Italian Na- tional Council of Research, and includes the eccles councilor of the Ital- ian embassy to the Vatican. A Japanese committee is being formed, 80 that, with the report of the Ameri- can committee, there will be available inion tm: mmurmrd?;m gom - great powers using the Gregorian lendar. The list of countries in which com- mittees are now established nuyml 26, as follows: Europe: Belgium, England, France, Oenm!ny, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Po- North America: Mexico, United States. South America: Argentina, Bolivia, or | Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Para- tive governments. create a preparatory was governed by any ide to and developed dif- ts among various inter- erent countries. These are assembled by the national com- | or special committees on cal- | reform that have been estab- in nearly all countries at the of the League. It will be the the preparatory committee to facilitate the work of the conference. Theé preparatory committee will at the same time hear representatives of any interested organizations who wish to present their views. U. S, First to Send Report. Notice will be sent to all national and ] committees that their reports ld be in hand at Geneva not later than March 31, 1931. The report of the | United States committee, headed by | George Eastman, and the first to be | formed, was transmitted to the League through the State Department in Au- gust of last year. Most of the other national committees are ctill engaged in their surveys, some of them having only been established in the last few months. the most recent and most t is the British committee, headed by Lord Burnham, editor of the Morning Telegraph and com- | ed of prominent representatives of tish industry, labor, law, education and other flelds of activity, with a member of Parliament as secretary. | ‘The German committee is headed by a | member of the minist-y of economic af- | fairs and is composed of representatives | other departments of the government | and of econom!ic and other interests. | Among them iz Dr. Steuernagel, direc- | tor of the German. raflways, who has | conducted a questionnaire on calendar | reform among European railways in| behalf of the International Railway\ guay, Peru. Central Agzrtda: cnrl‘t‘a Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Hon: 3 , Pan- W 5 uras, Nicaragua, Pan. First Taken Up in 1923, ‘The question of calendar reform was first taken up by the League of Nations in 1923, chiefly at the request of the International Chamber of Commerce, which asked for an international con- ference for the purpose of adopting a: The | perpetual and fixed calendar, League appointed a special committee of inquiry, which studied the subject for three years and examined 185 plans of calendar change. The report of the committee was sent by the League to all governments in 1927 with a request that the subject be studied by a na- tional committee established for the purpose in each country and that the League be informed as to public opinion on the question. Among the larger American organ- izations which have recently adopted resolutions favoring improvement of the calendar and the participation of the United States in an international conference for the purpose are the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Association of Governmental Officials |in Industry, Academy of Sclence of | New Hampehire and American Opto- metric Association. Several other national industrial and | |labor organizations have : committees to study the subject, and it 18 on the program of the conven- tions of others. The use of the 13-period calendar |88 & means of avoiding some of the | difficulties of the present calendar in business operations continues to spread. Among concerns which have advised the committee that they have adopted this calendar system, or announced their intention to do so, are the Bodine Electric Co.,, Chicago; Consolidated Laundries Corporation, New York; Globe Knitting Works, Grand Raplds, Mich.; Green Cafeterias Co., Kansas City, Mo, and Ludowici-Celadon Co., Chicago. Great Britain Keeps Sharp Eye Skyward, Watching Russia’s Progress in Aviation LONDON.—Soviet Russia’s great ad- wvance in the fleld of aviation, and| particularly the expansion of her aerial | routes, has not passed unnoticed in| Great Britain, for one thing because | those lines give the Russians access to the whole northern frontier of Afghani- stan, which country lies at India’s back | There are now Russia’s airways to- taling a of 11,445 miles, but with- the next three years the total will raised to 25,955 miles. Lord Thompson, the late secretary of | state for air, gave a detalled ““i ure of the progress of aviation in Asia | in an address before the Central Asian | lorms a link between Europe and Asia.| is a service every week day from | London lin, Moscow and | Sochi to the Bl Sea, 1o Baku, thence | weekly to Teheran, and from there| cupying 61 50 minutes actual fly- time. are aviation centers in Rus- now RNL Aval, Khiva, hasjul, tinsk, Sergiopol and Alma-Ata. according to Lord Thompson, is that between Moscow and Tashkent, access h‘y le northern frontier of Afghanistan to . The line it to Kabul is once & week throughout the @fe o be opened up this Summer. One 4 vom the Caucasus Soclety. Russia, as he emphasized, through Ber! twice weekly to Bushire, a journey oc- at Tashent, Samarkand, Termes, Lake B0t Tthe most Lmporant Russian i meh gives her air to the lia and Sinkiang. to be important new airways , Tunning tains to Baku via Tiflls, will com= | struction, many types of plete the former air connection be- tween Vladikavkaz and Baku. The two others run through Siberia, one from Moscow to Irkutsk, which marks the first s toward establish- ing aerial communication with China and Japan, the other connecting | Semipalatinsk, in South BSiberia, with Alma-Ata, in the Soviet Republic of Central Asfa. While Soviet Russia has to a con- siderable extent been influenced by Ger- many in aircraft and aero engine con- urely Rus- sian design are being produced. Lord Thompson realized the possi- bility of big developments in the air- ways of Asia through Russo-German combinstions. “Germany is largely interested in Russian developments,” he declared, “and if friendly relations can be estab- lished with Russia it is possible that a joint arrangement will be made for the operation of the route from Moscow to Irkuukh."‘grn. Peiping, Nanking and (Copyright. 1930.) Plenty of It. From the Duluth Herald. At times like the present it is being said in behalf of primary elections that they help to put money in circulation. No Lawn Mowers Needed, Either. Prom the San Antonio Evening News. Season just ‘Was for re- 's cap. A bobbie's; “I think America is too amusing and | appointed | THE SUNDAY STAR, HAVE a friend who occu- pled a prominent official position in Washington for a number of years. After his re- tirement he opened an office and let it be known that he would act as an adviser to individuals and companies ha\;ing business to transact with the Government. Recently he told me that his first year's income was about 10 times as large as he had dared to hope for. “The only way I can ex- plain it is that I am now cash- ing in on my lifetime habit of doing things for people,” he sald. “When I was in office I never could see why it wasn't Impressed With Extent Of Machinery in U. S. American ingenuity in substituting machine for hand labor is regarded as a leading factor in American business success in the export fleld by a party of Japanese business men returning to their homes after a tour of the United | States and Canada. They toured the | North American continent for two and a half months and presented historic swords to the governor general of Can- This party was particularly impressed with the extent to which machines such ada and President Hoover. offices, including the small offices. They had expected to find such machines widely used in large businesses, but not in small plants, shops and accounting deganmenu. he party is u.ktng back & volumi- nous series of reports for Japanese busi- ness houses and associations. The vis- itors include Eijiro Matsumoto, land owner and department store rietor of Kioto and Sapporo; Senji Suzuki, the | designer of commercial kitchens; Soi- chiro Sato, chief engineer of the Dai| Nippon Seihyo Kais] (artificial ice concern) of Tokio; T. Tal mer- chant of Sapporo; Shigetaro Matsui, lawyer of Hiroshima and adviser to the Overseas Development Association of Hiroshima prefecture, and N. Matsui, Japanese passenger agent of the Cana- | dian Pacific Railway and Steamship Co. Inland Tariff Levies Abolished in Italy Fascism, continul its campaign for modernization of wun{:y. has abolished local tariff barriers through- out the country, thus putting an end to an old medieval custom which had pestered inhabitants for years. A man who bought a pair of shoes in Milan had to put them on before reaching Rome or pay duty to the customs offi- cers at the station. In fact, large cities were like 50 many separate states. Turin, for example, is doing her best to offset Rome and the latter is turning her wrath on Naples and so forth. Local tariffs have hitherto brought a big in- come—2,000,000,000 lire per year—to the state, but have also kept the cost of living high in the towns. Por three years the strong men of Italy drew plans on this local-tariff question and finally Mussolini authorized the publication recently of the decree which abolishes local customs tariffs that went into effect on April 1. For the first time the Italian farmer or merchant has a national market to work for freely. The government has come to the aid of the communes with a preliminary subsidy | of 375,000,000 lire, while the stamp d::?' on commercial and legal documents will | be raised by 50 per cent. Wines, meats, gas, light, electricity and building mate- | rials are the only items which will be taxed for the consumers’ sake. The Fascists predict that food prices will | drop at Peut 20 per cent due to the| measure. Finds Fish Can Climb To Height of 59 Feet | How high can a fish climb? This is a question which lovers of angling have often argued and debated. Many experts have declared that 50 feet is the maximum for a fish to climb by means of a natural fishway. The .Canadian government's de- partment of fisheries is authority for the statergent that fish in the Mersey River arel climbing a fishway 69 feet high. E‘he official statement in part states: “Some big industrial works have been under construction on the Mersey in recent months and, in compliance with the fisherles laws, a fishway became necessary so that fish might be able to make their way up the river unhin- dered. There were skeptics who doubted that fish would be able to climb any such height as 59 feet un- less ‘elevators’ such as are in connection with some fishways were included in the plans. Recent reports from fisheries’ officers on the ground, however, have been to the effect that the natural fishway is working most successfully and the fish are making the climb up river without difficulty.” Mass Pineapple Output of Hawaii Leads World World records in pineapple canni are being set so often in Hawaii that 1t's no novelty, but as an illustration of mass production the Hawailan pine- apple business takes second seat to no- body, not even the auto industry of largest in the world, has already cracked its own record a couple of times this season. Its present mark 1is 94,085 cases, or 2,066,000 cans, in 24 hours. Four thousand people, working in two shifts of 10 hours each, helped to set the mark. Capacity of the huge can- nery has nof and this mark may be broken before the canning season is over. The one day's pack was larger than the total industry of the world only a few years ago, for pineapple canning & com- atively recent in the dustrial worlds Detroit. The Hawaiian Pineapple Co., |1 t yet been quite rcuhed{ WASHINGTON, worth while to go to a little trouble for folks if you could do it properly. So when a man came to me I didn’t try to side- step by saying, ‘You will have to take that matter up with such and such a department.’ I just tried to help him out. “I wasn't scheming about it. I had no conscious notion that I was laying up treasure in Heaven, or anything of that sort. “But apparently people re- membered and appreciated, and now they are taking pleas- ure in paying me back.” Neither by temperament nor conviction do I belong to the United Brotherhood of Polly- annas. I do not hold that we live in the best of all possible worlds, nor that selfishness is always punished and virtue al- ways rewarded. On the contrary, I see many notable examples of men who have apparently never done a gracious thing in their whole lives who yet -have achieved fortunes and are quite serene and contented in the enjoy- ment of the good things of the world. But at several different times in my own experience I have been surprised by having bread which I had cast on the waters and forgotten come back to me spread with good butter and even considerable jam. One of the most valuable contracts of my business life (Copyright, 1930.) IN LATIN LINKING THE AMERICAS. ELEGATES from 20 of the American republics gathered last week in Washington to sign a protocol for uniform traffic regulations in the West- ern Hemisphere, and expressed their hope to see realized some day the great dream of pan-Americanists: A broad Inter-American Highway down through the continent. Later on, as delegates to the International Road Congress. which closed yesterday, they discussed the technical matters with representa- tives of 60 nations and dominions of the world and helped establish the basis for & new era of ever-shortening geo- graphic distances. Roads draw peoples closer. They are the means for forming practical, eco- nomic bonds, and at the same time higher ties, for they shorten the ma- terial as well as the spiritual distances between nations. Closer bonds, mutual knowledge and mutual understanding are the necessary stages of friendship between peoples. The three are intimately related, for it is impos- sible to attain the last-ideal goal of international Kollcill without having passed through the first two. High- ways and railroads offer facilities for these first stages; hence the high im- portance we giva to the solution of road problems as means for closer interna- tional relations. If the pan-American movement, which is the most in political tendency of our day, has not yet at- tained a more complete success, it is because international communications between the peoples of the North and of the BSouth have been neglected. There have been held many congresses and many plans have been made to solve pan-American problems by en- deavoring to remove, step by step, grounds for dispute or divergencies of opinion between Latins and Saxons, but little has been done to draw closer the material ties between North Amer- ica and Central and South America by means of rallways and highways, which would facilitate both the commercial interchange and the better mutual knowledge of their peoples. I have often said that to this lack of knowl- may be almost entirely attributed the misunderstandings still existing be- tween the Americans of the North and those of the South, these being more spiritual and intellectual than political. WINGS OF GOOD WILL. It may be that aviation is bringing the solution of this problem. Air serv- ices have already been established, al- though not yet with entire regularity, between the United States and Latin America, and since their establishment | the "cause of pan-Americanism - has made more progress, in months, than during years of the past decade. It is easy to understand the great benefits which will be felt when commercial aviation is fully established through- out this hemisphere and the air serv- ices have reached a stage when they can compete with maritime transport. Being able to carry out business nego- tiations in 24 or 48 hours will be in truth great progress over present serv- ices, which require two or three weeks between New York and the more im- portant commercial centers of South America. However, the problem of air transportation is not yet solved, and perhaps the services we have at the present time can hardly be called more than trials. Meanwhile there is now before the leaders of the North and of the South the pressing necessity of solving the problems of land and water communi- cations, if they want to encourage the p of pan-American ideals. The American_republics are too dis- tant from the United States for a true understanding to be possible with the Saxon nation. In_fact, the United tates is nearer to Europe than to the rest of this hemisphere, since but four or five days separate it from the Old ‘World, while to go from New York to the principal cities of South America —Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Santi- ago, , Montevideo, La Paz—is a Jjourney of from 15 to 20 days, or more, and not a very comfortable one at that. MUTUAL KNOWLEDGE. To these great distances, and to the lack of better means of communication, is due the small interest in this coun- try in getting up tours to the Latin American republics and the reason why so few visitors from the South reach the shores of Uncle Sam. At the present there does not exist, in reality, any interchange between North and South America; that to ssy, any rmanent _current of interchange sufficlent to bear to those of one race a knowledge of the conditions and modes of thought of the other. There are, of course, scat- tering travelers, tourists, adventurers, traders, business men and a few scholars, going back and forth, but they form such a small portion that they are more the exception than the rule. And this is precisely what is really needed; a great many people | from the North going to the South, in | order to learn at first hand and study the life of the Latin nations, to learn Spanish and really know the Spanish- Americans, their needs and prob- AMERICA By GASTON NERVAL. lems. Then, when they return to the United States they will be able to talk of pan-Americanism with real knowl- edge, and contribute something to the solution of existing differences. And also & great many people from the South coming to the North, to learn English, to study the opinions and modes of thought of the Saxons, to at- tain an understanding of the aspira- tions of this people, its ideals, and to understand that it is not alone com- mercial or busimess interests which impel them to seek the friendship of Latin America. To this end, to achleve this interc! of transcendent im- | portance for the "success of pan-Ameri- canism, better systems of communica- tions are the first necessity. DOWN THE CONTINENT. ‘The Pan-American Union, an insti- tution founded for the purpose of pro- moting inter-American good relations, has been working for some time on the plan for a great central highway, which, running through the continent from North to South, would join the Latin capitals with the important cities of the United States. At recent Pan-American Conferences the con- struction of the Continental Highway was the subject of much discussion, and the governing board of the Pan- Ameriean Union has been eager in ob- taining the co-operation of the various American countries for the realization of this gigantic plan. All the governments have responded, of course, that they will co-operate in carrying out such a magnificent scheme, and some of them—among others the United States—have completed that of the highway which crosses be: part their territory. It remains now to hasten the construction of the sections that are lacking through some of the other countries and then unite the various sections so as to form, at last, that great highway which will be un- equaled in the world. “In scenic grandeur no other highway ever built can approach it. In miles of length it will be in a class by itself,” said one of the promoters of this continental road, which, in additlon to increasing the economic relations between the Americas, will also contribute to the creation of “better feeling” in each of the countries it crosses. ‘The Interamerican Highway would unite the frozen regions of the North, across the Central American tropics, with the temperate zones of the South, from the northernmost cities of the United States to the capital of Chile, almost at the extreme south of the southern continent on the coast of the Pacific. From there, crossing the Andes, it would reach Buenos Alres on the east and then follow along the At- lantic Coast to pass through Brazil and Venezuela to the Gulf of Mexico. In this great circuit the highway would not only unite the capitals of the American republics, but would extend its influence to the lesser cities and communities of each country which it crosses. BENEFITS TO ALL. Hence, aside from contributing to the common cause of pan-Americanism and facilitating international trade, it would also be of incalculable benefit in the private development of each coun- | in try, furnishing means of transportation for its natural products and making accessible regions which now are iso- lated. All this, in reference to the Latin republics. As to the United States, the immediate and practical benefits of the Continental Highway will be enormous. The vast network of highways con- structed and planned require thousands of tons of machinery, cement and steel for bridges—materials produced in the United States—and the employment of many American engineers. It will also increase the exports of thousands of American automobiles and develop in- numerable commercial opportunities in the modernization of cities. The use of American products will increase in- definitely and the export field for them will be widened in proportion. In addition to the United States, which has already finished the con- struction of its part of the Interameri- can Highway as far as Laredo, Tex. other nations, such as Mexico, Guate- mala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil, have already worked on parts of the road in their territory. The total mileage constructed, under con- struction or authorized by the gov- ernments of the countries mentioned is now 6,000 miles. The sections which have not yet been surveyed, and on which there is no construction as vet, total about 2,175 miles. These form the sections most difficult to build, on account of the terrain and the lack of resources. This total, however, applies | terrif only to .the direct line from Laredo to Puerto Montt, in Chile, and does not take into consideration the road south of that point, nor the section to Buenos Alres, nor that along the At- lantic between Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. HIGHWAYS TO SUCCESS. In accordance with a congressional act authorizing the co-operation of the United States Government in survey- appr 5 i 3 the Bureau of Publl Roads opened last D. C, OCTOBER 12, 1930—PART TWO. grew out of work which I did for a certain charitable or- ganization, with no thought of personal gain. And a large piece of business once walked into my office, sent by the brother of a man whom I had been able to help many years before, and in an entirely dif- ferent part of the country. Speaking generally, I should say that the chance of being rewarded for good works is sufficient so that any man is justified, from a purely selfish standpoint, in going out of his way occasionally to be kind. To say nothing of the fact that doing things for other people brings a personal satis- faction which is, in itself, a re- ward. Move for Prohibition Begun in South Africa There is 80 much similarity in the early history of South Africa and the United States that it is not surprising that idealists in this country should be inclined to take the American model rather than run true to the British type. Durban is more British than Britain, but the rest of the country approxi- mates more closely to American stand- ards, although, of course, on a modified scale. The latest manifestation of this tendency is to be found in a campaign throughout the country for some form of liquor prohibition or, at least, limi- tation. The um%nlcn has all the earmarks of being a healthy and vigorous affair. It waxes eloquent on hundreds of platforms; it is the sole topic at count- less meetings of woman's organiza- tions; churches of all denominations subscribe to it. Yet it would be diffi- | cult to imagine a more forlorn hope. South Africans have always been a hard-drinking people judged by Euro- pean standards, but they have learned to carry their liquor like ' gentlemen. This is probably in South | Africa the women drink with their menfolk and exercise a restraining in- fluence, or, at any rate, put them on crawling,” which used to be a popular | & man’s normal life in Britain, does not obtain here. Instead, there the “sundowner,” which means anything up to a half dozen whiskies or brandies at a time when the evening chill is be- ginning to displace the heat of the day. 'THUR BELL. AR’ Jo:umubur[, South Africs, Septem- | ber 6. Gigantic Colonial ghow Will Be Held in Paris An international colonial exhibition, called International Overseas Exhibi- tion, will take place in Paris, France, in 1931, according to an official an- nouncement rTecently made by the French consul in Chicago. ~Man countries, including the United States, which already has accepted the invi- tation from the French government to plrllclpl::, bzlve !l'n\fé:g their will- ess represen - o m‘;.' ep! at the ex. A feature of the gigantic colonial show will be a complete reproduction of the most famous of Angkor temples in Indo-China. And with a view to giving the average European and American an opportunity to acquaint himself with e different races of mankind, much effort has been and is being made on the part of the man- | agement to Fresenz as accurate an | image as possible of native life in vari- ous parts of the world. Three information departments or ized to accommodate visitors who may want information, and are classified into a permanent overeas museum, & metropolitan section and an_interna- tional city of information. The gen. eral management of the grand exhibi- tlon 1s in the hands of Marshal Lyau- tey, noted for his efforts and success pacifying and organizing Morocco. Ultra Violet Ray Used In Torch light Fishing A new feature has been added to age- old torchlight fishing by M. Georges Gourdon, a sclentist. He uses ultra- violet rt Electric lamps immersed in the water had already gen tried to obtain a stronger light than that of torches, but the lighted radius remained very small. M. Gourdon invented the immersion of mercury-vapor lamps, and saw that the ultra-violet rays emanated create a sort of phosphorescence, spreading un- der the sea in the shape of a milky sphere visible from a great distance. That strange marine moon atf fishes until they come close to the lamp; there they avold the blinding glare by a quick dive and get caught in a deep- a_net fixed in line with the light boat. June a fleld office in Panama City, which is making considerable progress. An usiastic movement for high- way truction is at the same time develoj in the Latin American countries, and & fair indication of it is the interest with which they have all participated in the meetings of the Sixth International Road Congress in Washington. The Latin Americans are beginning to realize that the material progress of a people is measured b; miles of railways and highways rritory. ‘They want to see cross-road and 8] -limit signs substituted for the old “closed d the rainy season” signs along their highways. And they want to scratch from their minds the memory of that primitive little railway which many years ago was making trips between two small points of a certain Southern country with a single car and yet passengers of first and second class, difference being that the latter had to leave the car here and there and help to push the engine along. ' (Copyrisht, 1930.) its their best behavior. The habit of “pub- | othe: American pastime, and is still part of ( buildings have been especially organ- | ts| have been paid. i | | l Adolph Hitler and man Fascist TROUBLESOME FORCES IN EUROPE ARE CITED Aims of His Ger- Party Are Analyzed. (Continued From Third Page.) may be expected from'the capitalists who have financed the Hitlerian move- ment. Are they able to realize that, however much they were right in com- plaining of their Social Democrat opponents, the future may hold terrible disfllusions in store for them if they stick to the childish hope that their interests may be saveq by political charlatans and nationalistic dema- Bogues? They should understand this if only because of the lesson the Italian t:?l- talists learned at their own expense with the Fascist movement. In Italy also certain capitalists relied on violence— on Fascist violence—to get rid of obsta- cles and opponents. Now, as one of the most important leaders of Italian industry whispered to me a few weeks 2go, they are trembling under the arbi- trary rule of the very men whom they considered a few years ago as hardly more than pald “breakers of strikes.” An American philosopher, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia University, said last August in an address to an American audience, “Capitalism is an incident and a by- product in the growth of liberty and in the development of liberalism.” But are German capitalists ready to under- stand that? When one realizes that the experiments undergone by other people are vain and that each one must learn through his own suffering one has the right to doubt. And, finally, the third point worth considering is this: Is it possible that the recent triumph of the silliest and most vulgar slogans in Germany may be taken as a new proof that the Ger- mans, rich as they are in stupendous mental and moral qualities, are miser- ably lacking in any sort of political intelligence? One of the last German rulers, Prince von Bulow, ly admitted as much. At least, one eve- ning in his Roman retreat, he told me the answer he had received from the famous Holstein, the permanent secre- tary of the German state department, to whom Von Bulow, imperial chancel- lor at that time, had complained of the tion. “Your highness,” was the answer, “‘we are supreme in music, in philosophy. in strategy—in almost every fleld. Is it strange that if in one—bolitics—we are incurable asses?” Compromise Is Problem. Sometimes I wonder whether the explanation is not deeper and ‘morc tragic than Von Bulow and his Holstein appeared to think. It is possible that the result of the German election is simply a further proof of what seems to me sometimes a fatality of Gérman history. I mean the constant incapacity to choose between the great roads of a generation. Thus it happened during the Reformation. All the countries be- came Oatholic or Protestant. Only Germany remained half Catholic and half Protestant. ‘The problem of today is where and how to discover a compromise between the feelings of Nationalists and an in- ternational mind. Confronted by the problem, half of Germany takes the road through Geneva—the road of the international mind—hoping to recon- quer the greatness of yore with a policy of moderation and patience. But the other half is seized by the furor teu- tonicus, and thinks it is easy, with the ald of violence, to break through the treaties and all the obstacles. This trait of German history seemed sup- pressed during the era of unity and material progress created by Bismarck's genius. But after all, the Bismarckian | empire only extended over a short period of 50 years in a long tragic history of centuries. I realize that I have simply lald | down problems and hypotheses and | that T have refrained from formulating answers which would have been easy with a small dose of professional cer- 86l sure: Whit s soing 10 Neppen 12 feel sure: going the next few months or the next f post- . For the rest, when one doubts, it i better to put the question marks honest- ly to pretend one can answer all sorts of questions. ( second article of this series Count Carlo Sforsa on “ 's Trou- incomprehension shown the Ger- mans about some big diplomatic ques- blemakers” will appear in an early issue.) Hungary Faces Prob BUDAPEST, Hungary.—The crucial domestic problem of Hungary is land reform. Prontiers or no frontiers, king or no king, the question of the land remains. Hungary is potentially one of the rich- est agricultural countires in Europe, yet the poverty of Hungary is all but {n- ual grain or 7,000,000 tolerable. Whereas the ann surplus used to be 6,000,000 quintals (a quintal is 220 pounds), this year estimates put it at scarcely 3,000,- 000. Why? One reason is, of course, the world crisis in the price of in. Another is the break up of the old economic unity with Austria and competition with. for- elgn states which once were domestic provinces. Another is the lack of in- dustry. Another is the unwieldy size of the great estates and the failure of the government’s agrarian policy. Many Horses, Few Autos, ‘There are upward of 9,000,000 horses in Hungary today. And there are today exactly 6,672 private automobiles. Hun- gary, in other words, is backward—an. T reason. Beyond all this is some- -thm!“more intimate and fundamental. I have just taken a day’s ride across the Pussta, the great Hungarian plain, where long-horned cattle roam the pas- tures, where peasants wear costumes that have changed little in 200 years, where the “czikos” (horsemen) patrol the great stud farms. I saw incredible flat miles after flat miles of perfectl, tended ground—rich, black, waving wi corn, curly green with beetroot. There was hardly a waste spot in 150 miles, ‘Then something occurred to me. I had driven almost 10 hours through some of the most fertile land on earth and I had not alnxlxa machine. . I saw thou- sands of long-horned steers and thou- sands upon thousands of bushels of ripe grain. But I did not see one tractor. reason is astounding. In many parts of Hungary the use of machines by the land owner is forbidden. Ma- chines would obviously displace the 850,000 landless peasants, who must be given work; therefore there must be no machines. ~ Progressive “farming is op- posed, not encouraged, by the govern- ment, else there might be revolution. Land Reform a Failure, Some attempt at agrarian reform A it is true, been made. The courts :‘e.:e empowered in 1920 to take over one- quarter of the arable land of the coun- try and divide it. But to date only one- tenth of the land (about 1,400,000 acres) has been so divided. And, incidentally, l‘:m?" 850,000 peasants without any The condition of this mass of le, one-tenth of the total Dopu!lfi%e:nol Hungary, is extraordinarily miserable. Thousands are unemployed (estimates vary from 125,000 to 200,000), thousands more find only a few weeks’ employment & year, during the harvest. The wages of these peasants run from 1.20 pengos ? h:npe&m;u (l.zuo un: w‘l"ti ;;:nu) a day, ere is worl children get less. SSipe Some peasants, those who have held Jjobs for generations on the estates, are better off. They are paid not in money gg:’tnd?)l N ’e.i:lb—efiulz 'gulnbll.l (11,000 are little more than serts. T SOme Faced with the problem of keeping the peasants alive somehow, and yet not sacrificing the great land owners, the government has resorted to inge- nious measures. One of them is curious business known as the “belluta, Tax on Consumer. This is a premium of 3 pengos per quintal of wheat produced, pld‘by ?he government to the mfixficm The normal price of wheat is about 15 pengos per quintal; the “belluta” raises it to 18 pengos, about $3.05. The “bel- luta,” however, reaches the producer only as tax recession—unless his taxes In operation it amounts to nothing less than a con- sumer’s tax on grain. This system—and other items in the government'’s vicious circle—has had two inevitable results. First, it raised the cost of living to the Hungarian people. Second, it caused a rise in the price of Hungarian wheat abroad. Hungary is a wheat-exporting nation —one of the few surplus-producin, countries left in Europe. Of the total 1929 production of 19,240,000 quintals, for instance, 3,112,600 quintals were free for export. By this grain surplus Hungary lives. Agricultural products, raw or manufactured (like flour and sugar), are the absolute bases of Hunga- the | rian export trade and of the whole na- tlonal economy. Cannot Compete Abroad. the break-up of the old the new frontiers, the undivided the lack of the unemployed peasant, have bined to prejudice and im economic structure. Hungal is 80 uneconomically produced lon; can compete on equal terms with En from the other Danubian states. Rumanian_and Jugos] now undersell Hungarian wheat about 1 pengo (17.5c) per quintal. ‘This explains. the avid empire, o lem in Land Reform; Forbids Use of Modern Farm Machinery nublan wheat pool, or other’arrangement. for a common market price for export wheat am the succession states. Naturally! If Rumania and Jugoslavia agree to boost their price then the Hun- rarily—with the other fellow the bill.” And it explains Hummmt"mt at lny‘g:om for customs unions be- tween other countries—which might wgo;n]l be Hungary's ruin. estie e results are even worse. It is not exaggeration to say that peogl: are starving in today. e government has distribute free food in several ters. Emergency workers have employed on irrigation projects to stave off riots. Hunger marches have begun on Budapest. Up in the north, people say, peasants are being buried in sacl because they can afford coffins longer. (Copyright. 1930.) no Building of 18 Stories Planned in Shanghai Shanghai’s nearest approach to & sky- scraper is under consideration, and ac- ootofl 'inmhfiht. l!pll Wn'lmlflrflnzz stories e by the Banque Franco-Chinoise pour le Commerce et I'Industrie and will cost a little more than a million dollars. It is to be on the Bund at the corner of the French concession and the inter- national settlement, and because of the nature of the subsoil it will, as with other structures on the Bund, have to be built on floating piles. The tallest building at present is a 13-story apart- ment house. I PUBLIC LIBRARY ' Recent accessions to the Public Library and lists of recommended read- ing will appear in this column every Sunday. Biography. Amiel, H. F. Philine. E-Am535a.E. M. C. My Thirty Years' e Margaret Fuller, | Connely, Willard. Brawny Wycherly, E-W97c. Finger, C. J. Seven Horizons. E-F494. Gardiner, Alexander. Canfleld. E-C 158g, Gibbs, P. H. King's Favorite. E-So0533; Lo Bagola, B. K. A. ibn, Lo Bagola; an African Savage's own Story. E-L782, Morf, Gustav. The Polish Heritage of Joseph Conrad. E-C7657m. Landscape Gardening. Elwood, P. H,, jr., ed. American Land- scape Architecture. 1924. WE83-El 8. MacKaye, Benton. The New Explora- tion. WE83-M 19. Ramsey, L. W. Landscaping the Home Grounds. WE-R 147, Rockwell, F. F. Landscaping the Rural Home, WE-RS59 1. Simonds, O. C. Landscape-gardening. 1920. WE-8156. English Language. Bo;lsl:, ‘W. R. English Mastery. XG Paul, H. G., and Miller, W. D. English Essentials for the High 100l. XG-P28. Stephens, 8. D. Individual Instruction n English Composition. ZB-St42. Tre;lsk_?.’.’l C. English in Action. 2 v, Banks and Banking. Day, J. P. An Introduction to the Money and Banking System of the U. S. HN-D3. Dowrie, G. W. American Monetary and Banking Policies. HN-DT0. Y B, and Patterson, E. L. 8. . HN-F81. .I“O;n;ng.nond,rl;é A, sav; lenf Menagement. Lo-Buss, oDur Costume. Ernst, Henri, pub, Ornements de Perles des Peuples Finnols et Siberiens. (Ref., does not circulate.) WV-Er6. Laver, James. English of the Nineteenth Century. WV-L38. Houston, M. G., and Hornblower, P. 8. Ancient tian, Assyrian an San Ocetimmn ioo: WV-H82. Warwick, Edward and Pitz, H. C. Earl American Costume. WV-W36. . Public Utilities. HL-M e 854, Raushenbush, H. 8. h Power Propa- ganda, HL-R l.h.x“ Fiction. Bartley, Mrs. N. I. 3 Buchl{:, John, me?omom Dkk by | Feval, Paul. -Co; cms, mrades at Acms, In, J. C. Blot 3 Lovelace, Mrs, R Norris, 0.0 Besdt . ¢