Evening Star Newspaper, December 29, 1929, Page 4

- 4 : THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER 29, 1929—PART ONE, DRY LAW EXPERTS DEBATE ITS MERITS Sociological and statisticalj‘ Organizations Hear Talks by Fisher and Gebhart. T “Prohibition has failed to accomplish ! the marked sociological and economic results that have been claimed for it.” “Prohibition has been a partial fail- ure since the constitutional amendment became effective, but the improvement has been so marked that we ought to New Envoy to Berlin keep at the experiment we are trying until we are satisfied as to the actual; result.” | ‘These two divergent views were laid before a joint meeting of the American ! Sociological Society and the American Statistical Association in a debate on| prohibition yesterday at the City Club. | The author of the first observation | was John C. Gebhart, director of re- | seach of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment. The author | of the second was Prof. Irving Fisher of Yale University, economist and writer and author of two books on prohibition in the United States. Prof. Pisher was joined in his argu- ment for continuance of liquor prohi- bition by Prof. Herman Feldman of Dartmouth, who claimed, in a paper read by Prof. Stewart A. Rice, that the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment cannot prove that prohi- bition has failed to accomplish the so- cial and economic resuits claimed for it. Dealing almost wholly with the en- forcement side and the social effects of prohibition, Mr. Gebhart disagreed Wwith the contention that prohibition | has contributed to the welfare of the country, and quoted figures to show | that, while consumption of beer is lower | than the pre-prohibition rate, wine- making is more than twice the pre-| war output and consumption of alco- holic spirits is about equal to the pre- war rate. These figures were chal- lenged by both Prof. Fisher and Prof. Feldman. Nation's Drink Bill. Mr. Gebhart declared that the drink bill of the Nation is $2,500,000,000 a year, which “is approximately what we should have been spending if there ‘were no prohibition.” “About a million persons are arrested each year for drunkenness,” Mr. Geb- hart said. “Does any one believe that | all of those arrested were millionaire club men or captains of industry?” Variations in police policy in different cities for arrests for drunkenness, Mr. Gebhart added, make difficult any con- clusive tabulation of the effect of pro- hibition as reflected by police records. Prof. Pisher, however, quoted two sets of figures along this line, one showing that arrests for actual drunkenness in the pre-prohibition period totaled about 40 hser cent of the actually intoxicated, while, after prohibition, police depart- ments became more strict and increased arrests for enness to dulubllen':,hl‘t tage of persons actually xi- m ‘The other figures showed ratios, he said, of 55 and 70 per cent. the United States. The per capita produc- tion of beer is about 5 gallons, one- fourth of the pre-prohibition rate. The amount of corn sugar used for dis- tilled spirits would account for 85,- 000,000 to 90,000,000 gallons of proof spirits. “It is fair to assume that, for every gallon of mash seized, at least one gal- lon of spirits was made and consumed total spirits consumption now is about equal to the pre-war rate.” Figures Are Assalled. Mr. Gebhart's on the national alcoholic drink bill of about $2,500,- 000,000 were attacked by Prof. Feld- ! man, who sald he had failed to take into account improvement in living conditions and the availability of al- L “It is not unlikely,” Mr. Gebhart said, “that there has been some net gain in temperance among wage _earners through the abolition of the saloon. It cannot be assumed, on the other hand, that the disappearance of the saloon has entirely eliminated excessive drink- ing among workers. It is extraordi- nary that the two-volume report of the Committee on Recent Economic | Changes, under the chairmanship of | ‘Mr. Hoover, which covers practically all of the prohibition period, makes no mention of prohibition as a factor in increased productivity.” Prof, Fisher opened his rebuttal with the statement that he agreed with Mr. Gabhart that a scientific approach to the problem is necessary, but added | that, although he could not believe in g:ohlh“-hn in principle, he has come to lieve in it on the grounds of expedi- ency. or at least to give it a fair trial. “Now that we have constitutional prohibition, if we will follow the lead of Mr. Hoover, we may make the experi- ment more of a success than it has been,” he said. “I have been disappointed,” Prof.| Pisher said. “but I think that even | though prohibition is only a partial success, it has proved its worth. We cannot by law suddenly change the habits which have been handed down through generations, but as deaths from alcoholism rid the world of those who will not obey the law, we shall be more inclined to find out just what success | prohibition can have. Sets Up Test of Law. “Prohibition,” Prof. Pisher said, “is more likely to succeed in the United States by the constitutional method than by any other scheme.” The real test is whether the consumption of alco- hol has been reduced and how much. I doubt if we can have 100 per cent suc- cess of any law. and certainly of one which reverses the habits of s0 large a people Prof. Pisher said he has little faith in ‘the indices of arrests for drunkenness or deaths from alcoholism, pointing to varying police policies in different cities on arrests for drunkenness and ina- bility to get at the true cause of deaths which might be caused by alcoholism, ‘but for family or business reasons, are laid to some other cause. “We now are with prohibition at its ‘worst,” he said, “but even though it is only a partial success, the experiment | thould be continued.” WIFE SUES NEW YORKER. Mrs. W. 8. Bartlett Charges Hus-| band Neglected Home. RENO, Nev., December 28 (#).—Mrs, Ruth Pitch Bartlett has filed suit for divorce here against Walter Scott Bart- lett, wealthy New Yorker. In her complaint, placed on secret file today, she charges that her hushand would not return to their home at New Canaan, Conn., commuters, but spent his time in New York with other women. He would not even return home for week ends, she charges. He boasted to their friends of entertaining other women, 'Mrs. Bartlett charges, and finally in July of ;'Nl year old her he no longer loved er. The Bartletts were married in Mil- ‘waukee, where Mrs. Bartleit was a so- cial leader, on December 29, 1917, and have two children. ‘A property settle- ment has been made out of court, but is not a pert of the record. Montmartre Now Deserted. As a pleasure haunt Mon'martre is dead, according to a report from Paris. Montparnasse 1s now establish®d 25 the center of enjoyment, and every week a evenings with other | FREDERIC M. SACKETT. HOOVER NAMES SENATOR SACKETT ENVOY TO GERMANY (Continued From First Page.) mittees is a matter left to the District committee after its own membership has been completed. Jones is slated to become chairman of the important Senate appropriations committee to succeed the late Senator Warren of Wyoming. “Jones said two weeks ago he was asking to be relieved from further service on the District committee. This request is one of the matters to be acted on by the commit- tee on committees when it meets a week or 10 days from now. In addition to being chairman of the police and fire subcommittees, Sackett also was a member of the subcommittee on insurance and banks, the subcommit- tee on streets and avenues, and the sub- committee on education and labor of the District Committee. It is not likely that these subcommittees will be or- ganized until the committee on com- mittees decides definitely what makeup of the full District committee will_be. ‘Throughout his period of service on the Senate District committee, Sackett has given close study to many local problems and has taken part in drafting A& number of the bills that have been considered by Congress during the past few years. MAY NAME ROBSION. | FRANKFORT, Ky., December 28 (). —Gov. Flem D. Sampson will fill by ap- pointment the vacancy in the Senate created by the nomination of Senator Sackett to be Ambassador to Germany, if Sackett accepts and the nomination is confirmed. Senator Sackett tonight was believea to have reached Havana, Cuba, on & cruise on the liner Coronia. Kentucky statutes provide for appointment by the governor in cases of vacancy. Senator Sackett's term in the Senate expires in March, 1931, and in October he announced for renomination by the Republican party. The election is next November. Gov. Sampson would not comment to- night, but reports here were that he would appoint Representative John M. Robsion of the leventh xentmk{ dis- trict, a close friend and political ally. Robsion has been reported many times in recent weeks to be ready to announce for the Republican nomination in op- position to Sackett. Should the appointment go to Rep- resentative Robsion, a further political shake-up would be caused in the State, as a congressional seat would be left vacant, which would have to be filled by a special election. ‘The eleventh district is traditionally Republican. WORLD BANK OPPOSED. PARIS, December 28 (#).—Deputy Marjaine and M. Bonnet, former under- secretary for finances, interpellating the government today, took the offensive against the proposed bank for intern: tional settlements. They declared that unless the bank's scope of operations was limited it would become simply an instrument of American hegemony in the world. Both speakers asked the finance min- ister if he would undertake to demand modifications in the statutes that would permit the governments to control the institution. THE WEATHER District of Columbia, Virginia—Part- ly cltudy today and tomorrow, not much change in temperature. Maryland—Cloudy, possibly snow flurries in west portion today: tomor- Tow partly cloudy, not much change in temperature. West Virginia—Cloudy, possibly snow flurries in northeast portion today; to- morrow partly cloudy, not much change in temperature. Record for 24 ‘Temperature—Midnis 43 4 am. 43: 6 am, 42; 10 a.m., 42; 12 noon, 43; 4 pm. 456 pm, 44; 8 pm., 43. Highest, 47; lowest, 39. Temperature same date last year— Highest, 54; lowest, 34. Tide Tables. (Furnished by United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.) Today—Low tide. 1:24 a.m. and 1:31 p.m.; high tide, 6:58 am. and 7:19 p.m. Tomorrow—Low tide, 2:09 a.m. and 3:1! pm.; high tide, 7:41 am. and p.m. Hours. ight, 41; 42; 8 The Sun and Moon. Today—Sun rose 7:26 a.m.; sun sets :54 pm. Tomorrow—8un rises 7:27 a.m.; sets 4:54 pm. Moon rises 6:32 a.m.; sets 3:37 pm. Automobile lamps to be lighted one- alf hour after sunset Weather In Various Cities. ~Temperature.— Precipi- Max. Min. _ tation.8 sun h new night club of restaurant is opened there. Nearly all have cabarets, and often they are filled with guests at 4 cr § o'clock in th: morning. Conse- quently Montparnasse has become very ‘expensive. the | to IPROHIBITION ROW BREAKS OUT ANEW Borah Issues Another State- ment, While Jones and Capper Speak. (Continued Frem Fir; tion is pressed, there are political repu- tations which may suffer sadly. Should the commission fail to open up ! its proceedings, it is likely efforts will be made on Capitol Hill to bring about open hearings. Congress holds the pursestrings, and it is not long before the appropriations for the work of the commission will have to be renewed. Capper Cites Permit Abuse. Senator Capper of Kansas, in a state- ment last night, placed his finger on one of the greatest gaps in prohibition enforcement, the industrial alcohol per- mits. “One of the first jobs the Federal Government faces, after legislation has been accomplished,” he said, “is the proper handling of industrial permits. These permits, I am informed, are be- ing sadly abused in many of our larger cities. There have been too many in- stances of shameful collusion among po- litical leaders, business interests and Government officials to abuse the per- mit privilege.” Senator Capper said that “10 years of prohibition, that have not entirely pro- hibited. have brought the need of law enforcement by national, State and local governments to a head. “A definite program,” he continued, “is needed and is in sight.” His out- line of the program is essentially that which has been recommended to Con- gress by the President, and which, it is understood, was recommended to the President by the Law Enforcement Commission. As put forward by Sena- tor Capper, it calls for: “Relief of court congestion through bringing court prosecuting procedure up date. ate. “Centralization of prohibition enforce- ment in the Department of Justice. “Unification of border patrols under central control. “Codification of prohibitory laws. Permits Held Federal Problem. “The industrial alcohol permit is & Federal problem, just as the still falls naturally into place as a State and local enforcement problem, except, per- haps, in a few States where there is little or no inclination to enforce the law,” Capper said. 'he States would do well to name law enforcement commissions similar to the Federal commission named by Pres- ident Hoover. The larger cities should have similar commissions. “All these law enforcement commis- sions could then co-ordinate their ef- forts. In each State and city would be a clearing house for law enforcement. Information can be gathered, classified, digested and made available for State and local legislative bodies, for State and local enforcement officers. And their work could be harmonized with that of the Federal Government in & more intelligent and effective way than now is possible. “Conditions attendant upon enforce- ment of the prohibitory laws over the Nation, and particularly in the big coast and border cities and adjacent terri- tory have centered attention on pro- ‘hibition. “But, as a matter of fact, the ques- tion goes far deeper than the eighteenth amendment and laws passed in therance of that amendment. “Developments of modern transporta- tion methods have made it inevitable that Uncle Sam should become more of a policeman. The automobile has 1 ly erased State lines in crime as ;!rl‘tu in commerce and travel. Neither our laws, our law enforcement officers nor our court machinery have kepi pace with transportation and communi- cation developments. “As a nation we have been slow to| realize and loath to admit that criminal | law enforcement is within the scope of the Federal Government. We have hung on like grim death to the cry that | as a confederation of States these States and their subdivisions were sufficlent to deal with crimes against persons and property; that the Federal Govern- ment’s connection with law enforcement was largely confined to crimes agains the Government itself, such as smug- gling, counterfeiting and violation of postal regulations. Government Sees Striking Duty. “But the automobile and the airplane, the telephone and the radio, the pll’eell post and the free flow of persons from | one section of the country to another, | have brought problems as well as bene- fits. “States and local governments were | powerless in dealing with automobile | thefts; with the trade in narcotics; with misuse of the mails; with crimes and | criminals across State borders. The Federal Government was forced to pass laws for the protection of persons and | private property, a protection that was | intended to be left largely to State and | local units when our Government was ! founded. “We have enacted Federal statutes along these lines. We have not ad-| justed our executive and judicial ma-' chinery to the changed conditions and changed Federal statutes. | “The Federal Government has not shifted gears because the National lk&- islature has not provided a gear shift. We have asked our district attorneys and our Federal courts to te at twentieth century speed with eighteenth century machinery. And evidently it cannot be done successfully. “The Federal law enforcement ma- chine needs a gear shift that will en- able it to go into high, and also an ac- celerator. *“This need is well understood by Pres- ident Hoover, although he has ex- pressed it in much better and more co- herent language. 1 am confident that his commission on law enforcement will present a program to the congressional joint committee which will provide the machinery necessary to effectuate this result. “So far as the present flare-up in ‘Washington over enforcement of the prohibitory law is concerned, it is ac- tually but an incident in the ess toward the goal of law enforcement and t | sides, a circumstance which will be of | statement, urged the need of the “drys" EX-SENATOR GORE TO TEACH AT LAW SCHOOL IN DISTRICT Head of National University Announces Selection of Blind Attorney. Served for Many Years in| Upper House of Congress From Oklahoma. ‘Thomas Pryor Gore, former Senator from Oklahoma, who rose above the handicap of blindness from childhood to achieve distinction in legal and po- litical circles, has been named a mem. ber of the law school faculty tional University, according to an an. nouncement made last nr’ht by Dr.| Charles F. Carusl, chancellor of the | university. Under present arrangements Mr. Gore will teach English legal history, beginning next Saturday night, for two complete terms. practice in the legal profession and as a legislator, the former Oklahoma Se: ator's preparation for teaching was ob- tained in the Walthall Normal School of Mississippl, from which he was graduated in 1890, and at Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., where he received the degree of bachelor of laws. Mr. Gore was born near Embry, Web- ster County, Miss., December 10, 1870. He lost the sight of his left eye when, as a boy of 8 years, he was accidentally jabbed with a stick by a Dll;mlt!. Three years later he lost his right eye when struck by an arrow from a cross- Besides his active | S_PRYOR GORE. 1896, when he became a delegate to the Populist national convention in St. Louis from Texas, to which State he had moved. Two years later he was an unsuccessful candidate of the Popu- list party for Congress. He subse- quently joined the Democratic party, and after moving to Oklahoma in 1901 he served as a member of the Terri- torial Council from 1903 to 1905. He ‘was United States Senator from Okla- homa from the time it was made a State, in 1907, until March 4, 1921. During his service in the Senate Mr. bow. His political activities began in Gore was a delegate to virtually all of the Democratic national conventions. “PEKING MAN" SKULL DISCOVERY IMPORTANT AS EVOLUTION LINK Scientists Impressed BY JAMES P. HOWE, Associated Press Correspondent. PEIPING, China, December 28.— Scientists who attended the first public showing of the newly discovered skull of the “Peking Man” today hailed the find as possibly the most important in the history of human evolution. ‘The sclentists, who estimated that the skull was more than a million years old, were particularly impressed with the comparatively large brain capacity indicated by the skull, stating that the well developed forehead and height of the skull indicated an increased volume of brain, by which the intelligence of the pre-historic man might be deduced. Dr. Davidson Black, formerly of To- ronto, who is honorary director of the Cenozoic Research Laboratory of the Geological Survey, by which the find was made, gave full credit for the dis- covery to W. C. Pel, youthful Chinese member of the survey, who unearthed it on December 2 on the last day of the season's work. Massive Brow Ridges. Dr. Black called attention to the vault of the skull form and its mas- sive brow ridges. He recounted the ex- cavations, which had continued since 1921, when the first tooth was found of “Sinanthropus Pekinensis” by Dr. J. G. Andersson, Swedish scientist. He explained that the newly found skull would seem to be of approximately similar length to that of the famous pithecanthropus and, like the latter form, is provided with massive ridges, “a feature to be corelated with a power- ful jaw mechanism.” “However, Sinanthropus characteris- tically differs from the Java type in the following important features: Relatively well developed frontal eminences. well localized parietal eminences and the greater height of the skull vault,” said Dr. Black. “All these characters point to a rela- tively greater brain capacity in sinan- thropus. The mastold processes of si- nanthropus are small and massive. The sockets in which the lower jaw artic- ulated are well preserved on both for definite results from the studies already made by the President’s com- mission on law enforcement, when these are worked upon by the commis- sion and the joint committee from the House and Senate. Sees Winning Fight. “I have every confidence that the program will be one that every true | friend of law and order can support whole-heartedly. And as time goes on the driving power of public opinion | will coalesce behind law enforcement and law observance will become pop- u ‘The fight is on. In my judgment it is a winning fight.” Senator Jones of Washington, in his standing by President Hoover and of standing _together. L"The'?regldent believes in prohibi- tion as sincerely as I do,” he said. “He is earnestly seeking efficient ad- ministration and enforcement of it. It is a difficult problem and cannot be solved in a day. “There may be honest differences of opinion as to how prohibition shall be enforced and as to the effectiveness of what is being done, but the airing of those differences of opinion, the mani- festation of a lack of cdnfidence in our leader and criticism of his meth- ods, can only divide and weaken our ranks as well as hearten the opponents of prohibition. In my judgment, we are having far better enforcement than ever before and the force is improving all the time. “The President will remove quickly any man in a responsible official posi- tion who he is convinced is not doing his duty, and put in a man who in turn will remove any unfaithful sub- ordinate as soon as such unfaithful- ness is shown. The President is doing his best. We who believe in what he 1s seeking to do should not hinder by criticism or divide prohibition forces by fault-finding. Hits Nagging Critics. “The President has asked for a joint committee of Congress to study and Teport upon important matters affect- ing enforcement. We should provide !hil joint committee as quickly as possible, I am sure that a very val- uable report will be made to it and helpful ald be given by the President’s commission. “Friends of prohibition can and will ‘Iheld the administration responsible for i enforcement results, but they should [ not prevent the results we desire by nagging criticism or hampering inter- ference. 1If things are not done just as we think they should be done, if action is not taken just as we think it should be taken, let us consider that administrative action is not our duty and that we do not know all the dif- ficulties that face the Executive. So long as I believe him to be earnest and sincere in this cause I will seek to uphold rather than hamper him.” One of the Democratic drys of the Senate, Senator Caraway of Arkansas, gave to Senator Borah the credit of forcing the administration to more m"rl.'z.l!" p;m. to law observance. b ":5" i Cites Kansas' Experience, 8 % | “Looking back to our own experience @ 4 0i2|in Kansas, which had had 44 years of % 4% 3% prohibition, I can see marked similari- g 8§ iw tes At wthe 0 of the first 20 years of prol n ansas, wets could and Craeage, 11 3# 31 °%|did proclaim loudly that prohibition slxunlllmfi. g; fl 3 WAS & fln:re. "v.‘!?n ntmljm' ;:olmué Cleveland. party was demans g its repeal. Buf Perenvort, e today, ' after another 20 years. ho one 8 seriously advocates the repeal of the §g 2 prohibitory amendment, nor of the i s various laws providing for its enforce- U ment. The United States as a whole is .y‘ o going through a similar process—and "2 a8 progress—of education through trial 66 0. 36 42 and error. Ak s “The country is fortunate in having i 3 34 ol |President Hoover at the head of our arque Mich. 2 » . Government at this time. He has a e oy 8 3 O constructive, rather than a dramatic Mobile, Aln. 4 5 6 0is|mind. Our law enforcement am is New Orleans. ‘La 2 80 58 0.20| more in need of constructive overhaul- Noren Pisite, Nebr. " 33 33 42 9% ing than of dramatic plays for the edi- Omaha. 'Nebr_ ... 42 34 38 fication of the gallery. And I also feel Epilndtiobia.” Pa. 8 8 @ every confidence in the ability and sin- F cere purpose of Attorney General P o Mitchel! to make law enforcement ef- o Tective. 852 “However, legislation 1is necessary. 24 30 A centralization of law enforc-ment 82 B mwn, including enforcement of pro- w2 ibitory laws, must be worked out. Co- San 3 2 3 ordination in the Federal departments, Fovannah, Ga o B § co-operation between the Federal Gov- Springfle! 26 4 00i] ernment and the State rnments 8 w.. bare necessary, Co-ordinatid and_co- b 3¢ operation will be worked on & 3% 43 00c sound and constructive basis.™ I look active enforcement of the prohibition laws. He insisted that the enforce- ment agencies are not more sympa- thetic with the law, but that they had to do something now “because Senator With Large Brain Capacity Indicated by Million- Year-Old Find. great value in the restoration of lower Jaw fragments discovered in 1928. In general it may be said that while the new skull specimen bears out what little was already known from other frag- ments, the perfection of its preservation will enable much to be learned that is now obscure concerning the evolution of the head region in early man.” Importance Seen by Andrews. Roy Chapman Andrews, the noted ex- plorer, told the correspondent that there was “no question but that the Peking man is the most important discovery in the whole history of the human evo- lution.” Mr. Andrews is not a member of the geological survey of China, hav- ing resigned some time ago. He did not attend the meeting today. but had a private view of the skull last week in the Rockefeller Hospital where it is kept in a safe. “The skull,” he said, “will settle once and for all many points about the early. human type which heretofore have been in dispute, as it is so nearly complete, which fact gives scientists much to work on. It is more complete than anything of the kind yet discovered.” Million Years Old. Estimating the age of the new skull roughly at one million years, he added: “Sclentists will be able to determine the skull’s geological age positively. The find already shows clearly that in the human family the teeth were of dis- tinctly human type, while the jaw or Jaw sockets still retain an ape-like char- acter, this confirming the same theory as advanced in the Plitdown and Heidelberg men discoveries.” The skull was founde deep in a large cave. Nearby were many other bones, chiefly animals, but Dr. Black explained that there were no tools nor signs of fire discovered. indicating that the man probably lived in a period prior to dis- covery of tools or fire. Among the scientists who attended today’s public showing of the skull were Prof. Amadeus William Grabau, chief paleontologist of the Chinese Geological Survey; Dr. Sven Hedin, noted Swedish sclentist and explorer, and Prof. Charles ‘Wilson Brown, head of the geology de- partment of Brown University. EXPERT PRAISES DISCOVERY. Indicates Entirely New Race of Fossil Humanity, Declares Dr. Osborn. BY H. W. BLAKESLEE, Assoclated Press Science Editor. DES MOINES, Iowa, December 28.— Proof of existence of an “entirely new race of fossil humanity” was seen by Dr. Henry Falrfleld Osborn in today's Pelping dispatches describing the skull | of the “Peiping' man.” Dr. Osborn, one of the best known scientific authorities in the world on antiquity of human origin, is head of the American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York, and retiring president of the American Association for Ad- vancement of Science. “This skull,” said Dr. Osborn, “is ob- viously of the Neanderthal or of the Trinil type of man. That Is, it is either like the Neanderthal man of Heidel- berg or possibly like the Trinil type of Java, depending on the size of the brain. I am delighted to have it au- thenticated. “The geological age remains to be de- termined, so far as the evidence goes, and it will be determined by the other fosslls with which it was found. “I judge from the description and the remarks of Dr. Grabau and Dr. Andrews, both of whom are very ex- | rienced, that they regard it as of the lower Pleistocene time (1,000,000 years #g0). That would make it the same age as the Heidelberg man, of which only the massive jaws are known, but it differs widely from the Heidelberg man, according to previous description, in that it was a slender lower jaw. In this lower jaw slenderness the Peiping man resembles the lower jaw of the Piltdown man (of Sussex, England). “It differs, however, from the Piit- down race in the thickness of the bones making the roof of the brain case or the calvalrium. These differences from the Heidelberg or the Neanderthal man on the one hand in the character of the jaw, and from the Piltdown man on the other hand in the thickness of the cranial bones, establish this Peiping man, Sinanthropus Peipingen- sis, as an entirely new race of fossil hy- manity. “It is especially grptifying that this discovery has been made by W. C. Pei, a native member of the geology survey of China and it is certainly remarkable that the skull was found on the very last day of the 1929 season. Praises Dr. Black. “Dr. Black of the Rockefeller Hos- pital is an anatomist of the first order, trained by Dr. Elliott Smith, one of the leading British anthropologists. In Dr, Smith’s last work he assigns a very im. portant place to Sinanthropus Pel. ingensis and regards it as of the lower leistocene "el-lh myell i 5 e Wi eagues, Dr. Guhl.l‘:nd Dr. Andrews, that this dis- covery is one of the most important in the whole history of human evolution.” Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, internationaliy known anthropologist’ of Washington, who s attending the science meeting, said: “The discoverles are important if true. Study by outside experts 1 most desirable.” At the recent Conservative confer- Borah's determined stand threatens a serious loss of public confidence in the administration and in its desire to en- force the law.” ence in Royal Albert Hall, London, Mrs. Hugh Rayner blue should be /sdop! ted colors throughout the British Kingdom. that red, white and as universal GANGLAND AGAIN | HARASSES CHICAGO Racketeers, Menacing Coal Industry, Even Extend Ex- tortion Activities to Actors. By the Associated Press. ' CHICAGO, December 28 —Familiar | tricks of the racketeer and the rule of the gun again have disturbed the | orderly march of certain Chicago | unions and even of actors, i Three hoodlums, lured by the mirage ' of easy fortunes through extortion and | mastery of the tire and'rubber workers' union, were shot dead in an ambush by detectives yesterday. A Christmas “benefit” racket came to light today in the report of actors at downtown theaters that they had contributed sums from $25 to $100 for charity funds and dinners that never existed. Control of the local coal teamsters' iunion by a former convict seemed to- night to threaten termination of coal deliveries on the advent of a new year jwithout a new contract between teamsters and employes. Police Praised for Killings. ‘The single bright spot in the pic- ture was the settlement today of a long quarrel between the Master Cleaners and Dyers Association and the union of cleaners, dyers and pres- sers. The $1,000,000 cleaning and dye- ing plant projected by the union will be disposed of in such manner that it will not be & competitor of the em- ployers. A University of Chicago pro- fessor becomes chairman of an im- partial body to administer the agree- ment. The arbitration plan was re- garded as a model and a permanent guarantee that the cleaning industry will be free of the stigma of racketeer- ing. A coroner’s jury today branded the shooting of the trio of racketeers yes- terday as justifiable homicide praised the bravery and efficient marks. manship of Sergt. Patrick B. O'Don- nell's detective squad. John Stege, dep- uty police commissioner, sald the squad had rid Chicago of three notorious gangsters and hijackers. He predicted the fatal ambush would give pause to further “shakedown” ventures in the labor union fleld. Willlam “Dinky” Quan and William Wilson, old timers in the bootlegging, gunning and racketeering industries, were two of the dead, and the third, after lying in the morgue unidentified for nearly 24 hours, was finally identi- fled by Charles Rein as his son, Frank W. Rein, 29. The elder Rein refused to explain how he learned that his son was the one slain. “I have not seen him for several | weeks,” he told the morgue attendant. “He moved so fast I could not keep track of him.” Reln and his two companions were | trying to extort $10,000 from Michael Powers, president of the tire workers, when they were killed. Blamed for Kidnaping. Recent kidnapings of gamblers and racketeers were lald by police today at the door of the slain trio. Officers were told that the men, finding dimin- ishing returns in their kidnaping busi- ness, had turned to the more profitable activity of extortion. Authorities asserted that. only two weeks ago Abe Goldman, reputed gam- bler, was kidnaped and held for $20,000, which his brother is reported to have pald. Milton Held, also known as & gambler, was seized about the same time and had to pay $10,000 for his freedom, police aver. Several months before, the underworld story goes, he was abducted and forced to pay an even larger sum. Other gamblers and rack- eteers have been kidnaped in recent months and have been forced to pay irom $25,000 to $60,000 for their release, police’ investigators declare, i Theatrical Shakedown Bared. [ Genteel masculine voices soliciting do- | nations to Christmas benefits by tele- phone started off the pre-holiday shake- down of theatrical performers. The Daily News said that Charles Winninger and several fellow members of the cast of a current musical show had paid $100 to be rid of charity dinner ticket salesmen. Bill Robinson, colored tap dancer, saved himself $50 by refusing to meet the solicitors in a barber shop and inviting them to his room. They never came. Managers of several thea- ters admitted actors had been annoyed similarly. Allan Campbell, on the cast with Win- ninger, refused to buy a ticket, recefved & threatening telephone call, and, ac- cording to the theater manager, forth- with resigned from the show and left for New York. A breach between the coal teamsters and the employers seemed nearer to- night with the statement of James D. Rooney, executive vice president of the Chicago Coal Merchants’' Association, that the merchants could not yet enter a new agreement with the teamsters. The present contract expires December 31, and without & new one Chicago will be without coal deliveries. ‘The controversy arose from the domi- nation of George Barker, former con- vict, as business agent of the union. ‘The Merchants’ Association has de- manded his dismissal, and the union has replied that the employers have no right to dictate. More than 1,000 firms had parts, ac- cessories, ofls and allied products on dkl;lphy at the last Paris automobile show. Under Supervision U. S. Treasury §This Bank has made over 38 thousand loans sist-persons of character to accomplish some worthy putpose. §1n connection with the loan the borrower agrees to make monthly or semi-monthly deposia loan; thus-the borrower forms the habit of saving regue larly. Snakes Are Adopted By Women in Britain As Household Pets LONDON, December 28 (N.A. N.A.).—Vipers have lost their sting and no woman would m of screaming to see a dainty colored little python strolling about her friend's drawing room. At the moment pet snakes are “it.” They decorate the floors of many boudoirs. Their owners try to make them answer to a name and induce them to do parlor tricks. There are several advantages in keeping snakes as pets. They are comparatively cheap, their prices ranging from a shilling to several pounds according to the variety chosen. They eat only once a fortnight or even less. After a meal of three frogs, the average snake is perfectly content to sit in his cage looking ornamental until further notice. The “four-rayed” snake is the favorite at the moment, as he is docile and very pretty. (Copyright. 1919. by North American Newspaper Alliance.) FOREIGN SERVIGE TROUBLES WANING Dr. Irvin Stewart Tells Polit- ical Science Session Per- sonnel Changes. Spicial Dispatch to The Star. NEW ORLEANS, La., December 28— Discussing the difficulties through which he sald the State Department has been passing in regard to the per- d | Sonnel problem in the foreign service, Dr. Irvin Stewart, professor of political science of American University, Wash- ington, D. C, today told the American Political Science Association in con- vention here that in his opinion the matter “appears to be on the way to solution.” A State Department order is ex- pected to be issued soon: The Presi- dent, by executive order, he explained, reconstituted the Foreign Service Per- sonnel Board, and provided for a divis- fon of foreign service personnel, to which are to be attached not more than three personnel officers, at least one of whom shall be a foreign service officer of high rank, to be chosen by the Secretary upon the recommendation of the Personnel Bcard. “For several years” he charged, “estimates of appropriations were pre- pared with more stress on the ‘economy’ enjonied by the White House than on the needs of a department and a foreign service whose duties were in- creasing by leaps and bounds.” Re- ferring to Secretary Stimson, Prof. Stewart declared “for the first time in the history of the budget, the Secretary of State appeared before the Bureau of the Budget to defend his estimates.” The result, he said, has been an in- crease of over two and three-quarters millions of dollars in the estimates for the department and the foreign service. In event the increased estimates are granted, however, Prof. Stewart said, “the time seems ripe for a thorough investigation of the operation of the personnel classification act in the De- partment of State.” “The budget now before Congress,” he said, “is reported to carry estimates for 67 new officers and for xYl’ofl'mi.km! for 178. The promotions will give the nr: personnel system its first severe test.” R EINEOCIRS DAM MEETING CALLED. Arizona State Commission to Con- sider Negotiations. PHOENIX, Ariz, December 28 (#)— John Mason Ross, secretary of the Arizona-Colorado River Commission, an- nounced today a meeting of the com- mission would be held here Monday to determine whether Arizona cares to negotiate further with California and Nevada upon the allocation of water and power from Boulder Canyon dam. Further negotiations between the States have been suggested by Secretary of the Interior Ray Lyman Wilbur. New Plane Firm Incorporates. DOVER, Del., December 28 (#).—A Charter was filed at the State Degnt- ment today for the National Highwa Transport Corporation, to deal in ail kinds of motor vehicles, airplanes, flying machines, etc., and all kinds of ac- cessories for these. The capital stock is $20,000,000, divided into 200,000 shares of preferred stock of $100 per share and 200,000 shares of common stock of no par value. The incorpora- tors are L. R. Davis, W. F. Mabury, G. F. Dick, Pontiac, Mich. @he Foming Htar B the THE ABOVE 8IGN 18 DISPLAYED BY | AuTHoRIZED I STAR I BRANCH \ OFFICES a Star ADVERTISEMENTS ( RECEIVED HERE Weller’s Pharmacy—8th & Eye Sts. S.E. Is a Star Branch Office Why not have a variety of applicants from which to choo: d of accepting the first one that comes along, regard- less of qualifications. A Classified Advertisement The Star will put you in touch with the best help pro- curable; not only those seek- ing employment but those who may be interested in making a change. Copy for The Star Classified Section ma Branch Offices, one of which is located in practically every neighborhood around Washington. There are no fees in connection with Branch Office service; only regular rates are charged. The Star prints such an over- whelmin, Classified = Advertising day than any other Washing- ton paper that there can be no qQuestion as to which will give you the best results, “Around the Corner” is Branc| REWARDS INCREASE + FOR GANG CAPTURE Woman Killer Shot Highway Patrolman, Companion Tells Jury. By the Associated Press. NEWCASTLE, Pa, December 29.— Rewards totalling $2,500 had been post- ed last night by various agencies for the apprehension and conviction of three bandits, including a woman killer, who fatally shot Corp. Brady Paul of the State highway patrol and wounded Pvt. Ernest Moore on Priday. Meanwhile hundreds of police officers in Pennsylvania and Ohio continued, to search for the woman and her com- panions who were belleved to have robbed a Butler, Pa., grocery shortly® before htey were halted by the vatroy men on a road near here. : ‘The woman, acording to Pvt. Moore, shot Corp. Paul. At an inquest late yesterday Moore told a coroner's jury that Paul met death because “he wouldn't shoot a woman, I know.” The jury rendered a verdict that Paul met death “at the hands of a person or persons unknown.” Two men and a child, described as about 5 years old, accompanied the woman and after the shooting they took the roadster of a passing motor~ ist to make their escape, supposedly in the direction of Ohio. Their own car, bearing Ohio license plates, was aban- doned. Only meager clues to che route taken by the bandit killers ‘n their getaway have come to the lice. One, from Mansfield, Ohio, saild occupants of a roadster, including a woman, had in- quired for a doctor there Friday night. LIQUOR CONSPIRACY CASE GOES TO JURY Decision - Awaited on Charges Against 28 Mullan Officials and Others in Idaho. By the Assoclated Press, COEUR D'ALENE, Idaho, December 28.—The case of the 28 Mullan officials and others charged with conspiracy to Vviolate the prohibition law was given to a Federal jury here tonigh Judge J. Stanley Webster's instruc- tions, which followed a day and a half of argument by Federal and defense attorneys, were brief and were concern- ed mainly with matters of law and the rights of the defendants. After defining a eowlncy as an agreement, not necessarily written or promulgated in a meeting, to perform unlawtul acts, the judge instructed that before a verdict ‘of gulilty could be reached it must have been proved by the Government that each of the de- fendants participated in at least one overt act. It is not necessary to prove that each of the defendants participated in all of the overt acts, the judge said. The village trustees, accused by the Government of licensing liquor traffic, gambling dens and vice conditions, are not charged with a crime of omission, In other words, of failing to enforce the law, but rather of a positive conspiracy to violate the law, the judge asserted. He told the jurors that the; might consider the abllity of the. officers to enforce the law together with the means at their disposal for its enforce- ment. and if it was found there was inability so to act that should not be construed as gult. “But allowing the laws to be openly L T S Pl ol pof & conspiracy,” the e Baby Whistles All Day. England clalms to have Whistler in the world in Cyrqllel m The boy is only 1 year old and cannot walk or talk, but when he awakens in the morning he starts whistling, high Whistle and shrill, and continues to throughout the day. TIN ROOFS PORCHES BUILT e to fill that position, in- y be left at any of in_and gly greater volume of every h Office