Evening Star Newspaper, August 4, 1929, Page 4

BERLINER IS PAID TRIBUTE FOR WORK Classed as Great Inventor, American and Scholar by Biographer. Editor's Note—Frederic William Wile, special writer for The Star, long a friend of Emile Berliner and author of “Emil Berliner, maker of the microphone,” a biography of the inventor, teleoraphed the following eulogy to The Star last night from Nantuckett, Mass., where he is spending his Summer vacation. BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. A great inventor, a great gentleman, a great American has left us, in the| passing of Emile Berliner—scientist, scholar, philanthropist and patriot, It seems but yesterday that I saw him, vigorously launched upon his seventy- | ninth year, characteristically full of the joy of life and as invincibly deter- mined as ever to draw still further uoon his inexhaustible genius for the better- ment of mankind. Wherever the telephone rings, where- ever the “talking machine” makes melody from its disc records, wherever a radio set brings entertainment or in- struction through the air, wherever a healthy babe—esp2cially in“the District of Columbia-croons a song of well- being, there the name of Emile Berliner | deserves this day, and all days, to remembersd and revered. My interest in this self-taught, self- made American man of science and benevolence arose through my earliest connection with broadcasting. Mutual friends brought us together. I was to learn for the first time that but for Emile Berliner's invention of the micro- | phone, later _more popularly known as telephone ftansmitter, the modern | magic of the radio might never have been achieved. Four years ago I be- came his Boswell. The ensuing close association acquainted me not only with | the important scientific attainments of Berliner in the realm of sound trans- mission, but with a character uncom- monly enriched with the milk of human kindness. Two Dominant Traits. During the months of X-raying his life-story for biographical purposes, I constantly encountered two dominant traits—his fondness of music and his love of children. Throughout his in- ventive days, Berliner’s pursuit of his mechanical objectives was carried on, side by side, with his artistic and hu- manitarian activities. He would have been a great singer, violinist, or child specialist had he not won fame as the maker of the microphone and the de- signer of the cellulold disc for *rec- ords.” This very Summer found Emile Berliner hard at k on his very latest _invention — “acoustic tiles"— which have already demonstrated their capacity to increase many fold the hearing facilities of auditoriums, as- sembly halls, churches and theaters. ‘Washington has a_special interest of its own in Emile Berliner's carrer. | Here it began—in a humble lodging house on Sixth street, around the cor- ner from a furnishing goods store on Seventh street, where the young Ger- man immigrant, aged 19, earned his first. American living as a clerk. It was in the Sixth street house that Berliner, utterly - unlettered . in. the science of acoustics, tinkered with elec- trical apparatus. He had visited the centennial at Philadelphia and was fired with enthusiasm over Alexander Graham Bell's telephone. Far into the night Berliner experimented with cellular batteries and wires, hoping in an amateur way to duplicate what Bell had _accomplished, then _eventually by what he himself described as “‘sheer accident,” stumbling across a develop- ment which was destined to lead to the telephone transmitter. Two years later Berliner's invention was acquired by the Bell Telephone System—the great A. T. & T. of this fabulous day—for $12,500, a sum de- manded by the young clerk-scientist and finally paid him, though it is de- scribed in the original correspondence as ‘“‘exorbitant,” because it represent- ed the amount of the Bell Co.’s entire capital stock. Berliner’s microphone- transmitter supplied that exact fin- ishing touch to the Bell telephone ‘which it nceded to become the perfect and perfected thing. Employed by Bell. For several years after disposing .of his patents to the Bell organization, Berliner was in its employ as chief | supervisor of its transmitter depart- ment. As a_youngster in the pie-belt of Northern Indiana, I recall distinctly the stenciled trademark “Bell-Berliner” on the wooden telephone transmitters affixed to_the wall in those early days of the hello system. After quitting the Bell telephone service—in the middle eighties—with what must have ranked as a comfort- able competence ofor those times, Ber- liner devoted himself to the invention of a recording instrument, to be known varfously as the talking machine, the gramophone and the phonograph. If I am not mistaken, scientific dictionaries give Berliner credit not only for the invention of the Gramophone, but olso for the coining of that word. The present vast Victor Talking Machine Co. business at Camden, N. J., one of the prominent officials told me, could be justly described as the creation of Emile Berliner. His discoyery of the method of producing the now univer- sally familiar and all-popular disc rec- ord, especially the method of unlim- ited production of it, is undoubtedly the bedrock on which the Victor's pros- perity was built. Berliner was one of the heaviest individual stockholders in the Victor corporation and in latter years derived a large income from his interest in its various undertakings at be | Tays of celestial fires, they shall hear Silence on the Air Honor to Berliner, Radio Benefactor As an expression of regret at the death of Emile Berliner, the inventor of the microphone, which has made radio possible, station WRC of the National Broadcasting Co. announced a 15-second - period of silence at 7:30 last night. The silent period followed a short eulogy of Mr. Berliner. BERLINER, OBSCURE IMMIGRANT, WON PLAUDITS OF WORLD (Continued From First Page.) wrote to a friend observing the sev- entieth anniversary of his birth: { “And when the end cometh they shall | walk down a flower-bedecked siope and | meet the smiling old ferryman at the foot of the hill, who will beckon them to follow him to the blissful abodes where dwell the serene and gentle souls that preceded them into a world of sunlit golden dreams. “There they shall listen to the music of the spheres, filling all with their bewitching harmonies. Time has lost its measure and its meaning, space is plerced by the spiritual eye. “And, beholding a world of splendor and of glories, from the watch towers of eternity, glistening in the tremulous the far cry of the venerable Muezzin: “'Peace be with you, fighting is over, and all is well."” Born in Hanover. Emile Berliner was born in Hanover in 1851—the son of Samuel Berliner, a storekeeper and Talmudic scholar. He was the fourth of 11 children. He was educated at a boarding school at Wol- fenbuttel near Hanover, from which he was graduated in 1865 when 14. He received there a thorough elementary training. He was a good, but not bril- liant pupil. His greatest proficiency was in drawing and penmanship. After leaving school, his family be- ing in straightened circumstances, he entered a printing establishment in Hanover as a “printer’s devil” to learn the trade. He received no pay, except experience. This soon became dis- tasteful to him and he found & job as a clerk in a drygoods store. Here his inventive genius first mani- fested itself. All day long he was han- diing bolts of colored fabric. He be- came interested in the way they were woven and in his spare time evolved a weaving machine. It was technically correct in principle, but the idea was rtxl%t new. He had no technical educa- n. Friend Causes Trip to U. S. ‘When he was 19 years old, still a dry goods clerk, there came to Hanover an old friend of the family, Nathan Gotthelf, who had immigrated to the United States many years before and was then the proprietor of a small store in Washington. He was full of the op- portunities offered by* America. The story fascinated the dry goods clerk. Gotthelf promised to give him work in his dry goods store immediately when he reached Washington. A few months later he bade farewell to his family and left Hanover for Hamburg to take ship for the New World. Landing in New York he came to Washington immediately, reporting to Gotthelf May 12, 1870. He set about diligently to learn English, listening to it intently in the dry goods store and studying in the old Y. M. C. A. reading rooms as Ninth and D streets. He worked here three years, saving a little money. Then, seeing little opportunity of advancement, he went to New York with his slender hoard. Here he lived for a time teaching German, painting in backgrounds for enlarged tintype photos and other piece-meal jobs. Worked As “Drummer.” Finally he obtained a job as “drum- mer” for a Milwaukee clothing housa. For nearly a year he visited river com- munities along the Mississippi between St. Louis and St. Paul, but met with little success. Tiring of the job he re- turned to New York without friends and without prospects. For some weeks he was without a job, and finally got work in the laborafory of Constantine Fahlberg, an analyzer of sugar. Fahlberg still was an un- recognized scientific genius, afterward the discoverer of saccharin, the in- tensely sweet crystaline substance de- rived from coal tar, which has exten- sive use in industry and medicine. Berliner knew nothing of chemistry. He was employed as a bottle washer and handy man. But he was inspired by contact with the chemist to improve his education. He learned to analyze sugar, and he spent most of his eve- nings at the Cooper Institute, where he acquired an increasing fondness for scientific books and publications. Per- haps a turning point in Berliner's life came when the proprietor. of a corner drug store loaned him a ph text book in German. The subjects of acoustics and electricity were treated exhaustively, so far as the knowledge of the day went. Still Was a Rolling Stone, But his days as a rolling stone were not over. He quit the chemical labora- tory for a job as clerk in a feed store at $12 a week. While there he met on the street B. J. Behrend, who had been Gotthelf’s assistant in the Washington dry goods store. He now was the pro- prietor. He prevailed on Berliner to re- HE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO D. C., AUGUST 4, 1929—PART 1L e ————————————————————————————— I : EMILE .BERLINER WITH SOME OF HIS FAMOUS INVENTIONS Y4 U Upper left: Mr. Berliner working in his laboratory with the disc talking machine record, which brought about the most successful machine. Upper right: Before the microphone. inventor with William H. Egberts, sculptor_at the Nati The “mike” used in radio broadcasting was made possible by Mr. Berliner's invention of the telephone transmitter. useum, who made his life mask. Lower right: Mr. Berliner with his first gramophone. Lower left: The described by Bell's assistant, Thomas A. Watson, a human voice could be tran: mitted over a wire so well that “one didn’t have to ask the other man to say it over egail more than three or four times before one could understand quite well, if the sentences were sim- ple.” It was the beginning of the tel phone, and far from the least important of Beil's crude early results was that they inflamed the imagination of the Seventh street dry goods clerk, who seemed that somehow in this amazing | invention lay his future. He was living in a third floor room of the brick house at 812 Sixth street, Jjust around the corner from the store— a typical Washington lodging house of the day. Berliner's quarters soon came to look and smell like an electrical lab- oratory. He filled the place with wires, batteries and other paraphernalia. Presently he rigged up a set of tele- hones between his window and the arn. Not that they worked very well. Berliner had not seen Bell’s telephone and had no clear understanding of the principle—fortunately for himself be- cause he worked along his own line in- stead of slavishly following the original inventor, Diaphragm Current Enters. Presently it occurred to Berliner that he could take a diaphragm and con- tact pin touching it in the center and somehow produce a wavelike current by continuous action of the contact. That was his first idea, and it failed, again fortunately becayse it inspired him to the further study of the the- oretical background of electricity. “Then,” says Frederic William Wile, Berliner’s biographer,-“fate intervened.” He had struck up an’ acquaintance with Alvan S. Richards, chief operator of the Washington fire alarm _telegraph office who promised to help him learn telegraphy in his spare time. Berliner started by pressing the key lightly and Richards told him that it was necessary to press hard to establish a steady con- tact, without which there could be no good reception. That was the reason, he said, that women didnt make good telegraph operators. They lacked the strength in their fingers, By the time Richards had finished explllnln¥ Berliner had lost his inter- est in telegraphy, for the time being. He grasped what was the matter with his amateur telephone instru- ments. The contact between the steel button and the diaphragm was not strong enough. Knew He Had the Secret. “T went home in a highly expectant mood,” he said later. “I knew I had it. Forthwith I rigged up a diaphragm, made a contact with a steel button, and polished it up so brightly that it turn to Washington to his old job. That was in 1876. ‘The year of Berliner's return to Washington, the United States Patent Office issued what has since been de- scribed as “the most valuable single patent ever issued” to .a young man from Boston named Alexander Graham Bell for “an improvement in tel- home and abroad. The inventor's pas- sion for beautiful music—a desire to make it available to all mankind easily and cheaply—was what led Emile Ber- iner toil ceaselessly toward the gramophone and the disc record. & and Mrs. Berliner reared a large family of children. One of them, a daughter, Alice, was fragile in health as a baby. Her life had been despaired of by physicians. Her father, as un- skilled in the arts of hygiene as he was in the technique of electro-magnetics when he toyed with the telephone, an- nounced one day that he purposed tak- ing Alice’s case in hand himself. He prescribed her diet, regulated her whole mode of living, experimented along a dozen untrodden paths of child wel- fare and within a year had his infant daughter on the road to strength and virile young womanhood, which she personifies to this day. . ‘Work Approved. Out of his experience with Alice, Berliner evolved a whole theory of pro- moting child health with pasteurized milk as its fundamental. There were years of duels with, and doubtings by, the District of Columbia Medical Asso- clation, but when the first national conference on child care was called, hallmark of approval was stam Belaln‘el;u work I‘.nd it é:rospe matic: ‘“nenceforward, During_the writing of his bi iphy T asked him what was his chief emo- tion, on reaching New York, a practi- cally penni th, kno no “‘2‘ v;t‘m‘lly without acquaintances. an out acq “To become a good American citizen at the earliest possible moment,” was his unhesita; reply. The first-blush emotion of Berliner remained his life- time ambition. He was restless in all He was a tireless egraphy.” It was a device by which, as assured & clean contact. Then I began to adjust it until the galvanometer showed tll;: currke&l," tfi&:l this lb? ginning ‘worl oul principle upon which the microphone depends— without which the present transmis- sion of speech by telephone and radio would be an impossibility. It was a decidedly different principle than that of Bell and his discovery supplied the TYPE OF MODEL. AIRCRAFT ————— % SIDE ONLY SANDING GEAR Fie. 5 invineible optimist, s generous giver |’ in mwm'mmmm“pm & when fortune crowned. - Secretary Adams Rests at Boston. BOSTON, At it 3 (@) of . —Charles | - the Navy, FIG 7 g\ RRQP SHAFT er DIAMETER - * | one weak link Bell had left between | his own apparatus and the finished | telephone. | "In Bell's apparatus the voice waves themselves produced a weak electric current. Berliner used them to trans- form an already existing current in “waves corresponding to sound waves with all their minute characteristics. ‘The young inventor had done what electriclans had declared impossible. “Bell's telephone,” says Wile, “was simply a good receiver. It was & very poor transmitter, even for short dis- tances. You talked into it and you listened to a reply from the same sort of instrument. It was far from cer- tain that what went into it as talk would come out as talk at the other end of the line. That which emerged was more often a jumble of sounds. At best it was necessary to shout the message, and even then it was a gam- ble whether the spoken words would be articulate.” Berliner’s Principle Yet Unchinged. Berliner's principle, he continues, “has never been changed or super- seded. Out of the humble house back room in Washington was about to come the magical little thing destined to link not only cities but countries, and not only countries but continents, and not only continents but span the inhabited world. The original instrument, completed early in April, 1877, was contained in a soap box, now at the United States National Museum. Fully realizing the value of his discovery, he filed his own “caveat” application with the Patent Office—largely because he did not have the money to hire a patent at- torney. Almost simultaneously an- other brilliant genius still unknown, Thomas A. Edison, had been working on the same idea. He filed his caveat two weeks later. Shortly thereafter romance and sclence mingled in Beliner’s life. In his experiments, he had stretched wires to the house of a neighbor across the street and in this way came to meet the neighbor’s daughter, Cora Adler, whom he afterward married. In 1878 his interests were taken over on a royalty basis by the Bell Telephone Co., and his first struggle toward fame was over. But his constant labor against discouragement for two years brought on a nervous down, which kept him for six weeks in Provi- dence Hospital. He came out of the hospital to find himself famous. Starts on Phonograph. ‘Then came the great telephone war, starting in 1879, between the Bell Telephone Co. and the Western Union. It was already brewing when the Bell Co. had purchased Berliner’s rights. The telegraph company had acquired the invention of Edison and several other pioneer experimenters and a long legal ht followed. The Bell Co. won throhgh the priority of Ber- liner's application at the Patent Office. Berliner now was one of the great inventors of the day, and he set his mind on other flelds to conquer. In 1857 a Frenchman named Leon Scott had invented the “phonauto- graph,” an instrument for recording, but not reproducing, the vibrations of the human voice. There is one of these old instruments in the National Muse- um, used by Prof. Joseph Henry in his studies of voice vibrations. This at- | tracted the attention of Berliner and he spent many hours at the Museum studying the crude device. Meanwhile he had married and settled wtih his family in a new house on Columbia Helghts, then on the outskirts of Wash- ington. . Thomas A. Edison was inter- ested in the “talking-machine” princi- ple at the same time. The two men seemed destined always to be in - sition. Berliner patented his “ machine,” named the Gramophone, in six months later the first Turns Genius to Life Fight. /‘ In 1900 his energies were turned to lodging | CHEMICAL SESSION OPENED IN PARIS | will be grouped such subjects as trade Americans Seek Means of Stimulating Trade Abroad. By Cable to The Star. PARIS, August of the United States Department of Commerce from all the principal cities of Europe and Wasihngton officials and spokesmen of the chemical interests of the United States this morning opened a four-day conference in the embassy here on present state of chemistry and chemical industry. The principal object of these ses- slons is to devise ways and means to stimulate the American chemical trade. While sitting in secret it was learned that the conference does not consider advocating the participation by Ameri- can_interests in European chemical combinations. Interest in Mushrooms. Special attention, however, will be glven to the mushroom growing in- dustry in the Cartels chemical flelds during the post war period. The recent merger or the Cartel developments in the dye industry undoubtedly will come in for long ‘conversations during the sesslons. Among these developments is thé ex- tension of Franco-German dye agree- ment to include Swiss interests and the formation of the American Chemical Corporation with the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey and the Ford interests of the marketing and development of German _ chemical products in the United States. The conference pro- gram is divided into two parts, first the economic and second the admin- istrative. Under the head of the eco- nomic phase, come such subjects as the —_— tion process was comparatively new and was opposed by the American Pediatric Society. He has ever since carried on persistent propaganda campaign for pure, treated milk and for proper care of infants, paying out of his own pocket for much advertising and for pamphlets furnished the mother of each child born in Washington. For years he has con- ducted the Bureau of Health Education on Columbia road. Funeral to Be Tomorrow. He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Cora Adler Berliner, three sons, Henry A. Berliner of Washington, and Herbert S. Berliner and .M. Berliner of Canada, and three ~daughters, Mrs. Hannah B. Sanders, Mrs. Louise B. Frank and Mrs. Alice B. Lubin, all of eath. Mr. Berliner suffered the stroke at his Do e ooy leted for his ins_are complef lor funeral late tomorrow n&mwn Burial will be in Rock Creek Cemetery. 3.—Representatives | raw material production market situa- tion, foreign trade in manufactured products, the interpretation tendencies within each country: the international movement of American capital into European countries and vice versa. Much time will be given to the dis- cussion of the possibility of the develop- ment and sale of American chemical products in European countries. Under the heading of administration promotion, periodic reports of assistance to be given in placing American capi- tals in foreign chemical industry and the foreign capital in American com- panies, Representatives for United States. Government representatives at the conference are C. C. Concannon, chief of the chemical division; L. Domerat- sky, chief of the division of regional in- formation; C. J. Junkin, chief of com- mercial laws; Earle C. Taylor, chemical divisions; Willlam Daugherty, trade commissioner at Berlin; Charles Lyons, commercial attache at Berne; Raymond E. Miller, commercial attache at Brus- sels; Somers Fox, trade commissioner at London; Daniel Reagan, acting com- mercial attache at Paris; Miss Elizabeth Humes, trade commissioner at Rome, and Clayton Lane, commercial attache at Warsaw. Those representing American chem- ical dye export interests include Charles Brand, National Fertilizer Co.; Charles Youngreen, president of the Interna- tional Advertising Association; Dr. Thomas Healy, dean of Georgetown University Foreign School; Dr. Louis Marks, executive secretary of National Alcohol Manufacturers’ Association; Hewing E. 1. du Pont de Nemours; S. B. Penick, president of the American Drug Manufacturers’ Association; L. V. Redman of the Bakelite Corporation; N. Greenfelder and P. W. Meyering, directors of the Hercules Powder Co. o Wedding in Ancient Abbey. For the first time in more than 300 years a wedding was performed at Dry- burgh Abbey, in Scotland, the resting place of Sir Walter Scott and Fleld Marshal Lord Haig. Fifteen were pres- ent at the ceremony, which was con- ducted very quietly. The bridegroom was Lionel Aird of London and the bride Miss Katherine L. Fraser, daughter of the late Harry Fraser of Valparaiso, Chile. Sir Oliver Lodge a Dancer. One of the most enthusiastic advo- cates of dancing is Sir Oliver Lodge, the famous scientist, who recently cele- brated his seventy-fifth birthday. He says he has always enjoyed dancing and finds it an excellent exercise. “It is an easy, not too exciting, and most pleasant way in which any one can take Sppeared a; & Lecds. Zngland, Gance ap] at a gland, dance and danced nearly every number on the program. — Plane Merry-Go-Round a Hit. Pleasure seekers in Germany are get- f | ting the thrills of a merry-go-round and “ground flying” combined. A new de- vice is on e round-table principle and the joymakers furnish their own power. 'The passengers operate the machine by raising and lowering bird- like wings attached lnd.{ml‘:'t‘ of the seats, the wings operating unison to set the merry-go-round whirling. Flooring ....$12.50 Sheathing ... .$19.00 Framing ... ..$19.00 Windows ......$2.25 Sash...........65¢ Wrecking Sale GOVERNMENT WAR HOTELS This Tumber and other salvaged material is in excellent condition and is selling rapidly. Just the thing for your dwelling, Summer cottage, out- house, garage, barn, inclosing porches, etc. Building Material Bargains! Lavatories . ...$5.50 Toilets . .......$7.50 Doors .........$1.90 Radiation, ft...12Y%¢ Family Arrested On Ousting Rivals In Feud Over Home Deputy and Two Police- | men Jump Fence to Serve : Papers at Clinten, Md., A feud between two colored families over the possession of a house at Clin- ton. Md., was stopped, at least tempo- rarily, yesterday when Prince Georges County police arrested all the members of one of the factions, after the colored people had forcibly taken possession of {the premises in dispute and threatened | to shoot the first person who tried to dislodge them. The arrests were made by Deputy | Sheriff Hepburn and Policemen Prince and Nichols without violence after the officers jumped the fence around the property, the gate having been secured with a heavy lock and chains. ‘The feud started when Warren Davis, colored, tried to obtain possession of the property” from John Proctor, who | had lived there 19 years. Both parties, | police are told, having some legal claim to it. Some weeks ago, the of- ficers say, while Proctor and his fam- ily were away, Davis walked in and threw the furniture out. Thursday night Proctor and his friends reversed | the trick, forcing Davis to vacate, and | ! throwing his furniture after him. The Proctors then defled all comers, and Davis secured some civil warrants, | which the police served yesterday in making the arrests. ‘Those taken are John H. Proctor, jCharles_ V. Proctor, Latham Dean, James R. Swann, Hattie Swann and James Burel. All were charged with carrying deadly weapons with intent to | kill and injure and lodged in the Marl- | boro jall. | g | HOLDBACK WHEAT, SAYS FARM BOARD Tendency Toward Crowding Terminals Is Described as “Unfortunate.” By the Associated Press. | The Federal Farm Board indicated | today that it believed wheat zrowers" would be wise to refrain from crowd- ing the markets with their products at this time. ‘The board announced it had made no statement, nor does it intend to forecast in any way concerning the | proper price of wheat for this market year, and described the present ten- dency toward overcrowding terminals and transportation facilities as “unfor- | | tunate.” Statement Interpreted. The statement, to which verbal am- | plification of any kind was refused, was interpreted as advice to wheat growers to hold back their product, in order | that better distribution may be effected, | but without the assumption on the part of the board of any responsibility for the eventuality of wheat prices. ‘The text of the board's statement today, given out after the closing of the grain exchanges, was as follows: . “The Federal Farm Board is bging | besieged by telephone calls, telegrams and letters regarding overcrowded ter- minals and transportation facilities for the handling of wheat. This excessive crowding of wheat on to the market has created a far wider spread between cash wheat prices and prices of wheat sold for future deliveries than usually | exists. Board’s Conclusions. “The Federal Farm Board has made | no statement or forecast whatsoever | concerning a proper price for wheat for { this market year, nor does it propose to do so, but under conditions which exist this season, when all reports agree on a_substantial reduction in world sup- ply as compared with last year, it seems unfortunate to crowd wheat on to the market faster than existing fa- cilities can handle it, resulting in cash prices which are much lower than contract prices for future delivery.” Coolidges Are Guests. SOUTHAMPTON, Mass, August 3 (#)—Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Coolidge were the guests of honor at the thirty- third annual reunion of the Sons and Daughters of Southampton here today. The former President and Mrs. Cool- idge were made members of the asso- ‘cnuon. B —_— Salvation Army members last year |H. E. CARR BRIDE LOSES FAITH | IN POISONING CASE Mrs. Pennebaker Refuses to Visit Cell of Husband, in lowa-Kansas Death. By the Assoclated Press. OTTAWA, Kans,, August 3.—A 19- year-old bride of two months weak- ened today in her defense of her hus- band, Ray Pennebaker, 22-year-old Iowa tenant farmer, who is held in jail here,on & murder charge in connection with the death of a niece from eating isoned candy which he is alleged to ve given his wife, Pennebaker, who was arrested in Diagonal, Iowa, and brought here, is blamed for the death of Elva Irene Barnes, 6 years old, and also is charged with attempting to poison his wife. At first scoffing at the charges, Mrs, Pennebaker changed her attitude toward her husband today. She re- fused to visit him in his cell. Admits Buying Poison. Pennebaker reiterated his innocence, but admitted purchasing the poison, which authorities alleged was placed in candy he gave his wife when she left their home at Diagonal to visit her sis- ter. Mrs. C. C. Barnes, living near here. He said he bought the poison to kill rats on the farm he operates. “Why should .he buy poison to kill rats on a rented farm?” his bride asked today. Mrs. Pennebaker said her husband gave her the candy and told her to think of him while eating it. She for- got about the candy until she reached | her sister's home, where she divided it among_Mrs. Barnes' children. Elva Irene Barnes died a few minutes after eating a portion of the candy and one other child became seriously ill The Pennebakers were married in June at Bedford, Iowa. Previous Wife’s Death. In 1927 the man's first wife died under circumstances which caused an investigation, but no evidence was de- veloped against Pennebaker. They had been married five months. Relatives of Pennebaker arrived to- day from Iowa and expressed complete confidence in him. Mrs. Pennebaker's father, J. B. Dant of Benton, Iowa, also expressed doubt that his son-in- law was guilly. a Pennebaker will be arraigned Mon- ay. IGER IS FINED FOR RECKLESS DRIVING $125 Fine Is Assessed After Crash ‘With Machine at Scaggsville Road. Special Dispatch to The Star. LAUREL, Md., August 3.—Arrested after he had collided with another machine on the Scaggsville road, north of Laurel, Henry E. Carriger, 1100 block of Twelfth street, Washington, yester- day was fined $125 for driving while intoxicated and reckless driving by Justice of the Peace Howard Gosnell of Savage, Md. The man was arrested by Siate Po- liceman Freedy on complaint of J. E. Jenkins of Savage, Md., whose car was h&n and damaged by the Carriger ma- chine, JUDGE HARTMAN DIES FOLLOWING OPERATION Former Member of Congress and Minister to Equador Succumbs in Montana. By tne Associated Press. GREAT FALLS, Mont., August 3.— District Judge Charles S. Hartman of Fort Benton, 68, ploneer Montanan and American Minisier to Ecuador during the Wilson administration, died here to- day. He had undergone an operation early in the week. Judge Hartman was born in Monti- f;lalg, Ind. He came to Montana in In 1892 Judge Hartman was elected to Congress as a Republican, but four years later as a supporter of William Jennings Bryan’s silver platform he be- came affiliated with the Democratic party in which he remained. Six Killed in Auto Crash. LOS ANGELES, August 3 (#)—Six persons were killed in an automobile ac- cident on the Ridge Route Highway near here today. —Simona Vargas, mother of five of the victims, fought were supplied with 16,000 uniforms and 14,000 bonnets and hats. her way out of the wreckage to sum- mon help. She was not expected to live. To the Bright Tomorrow UT of the shadows of today’s financial need into the bright tomorrow of ambition realized, comfort - secured, money worries banished! This is the happy sequel to & Morris Plan loan. 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