Evening Star Newspaper, June 2, 1929, Page 65

WASHINGTON, D. 0. TJONE 92, 71929—PART 2% AVIA BY JOSEPH REATION of an Army Air Corps transport squadron, to be composed of trans- port and cargo planes of C the type now scattered among the | sary to meet current needs will various types of service squadrons, has been suggested as a result of experiences in connection with the recent Ohio maneuvers. The transport squadron would take its place beside the attack, observation, bombardment and pursuit squadrons as an individual | unit of the Air Corps. From thisi squadron planes could be de-‘ tached for various missions now | flown by the individual transport | planes assigned to various flying | fields. | The suggestion, advanced by Maj. W. H. Frank, chief of the| Air Corps Tactical School at Lang- | ley Field, Va., probably will come up for consideration in the near future, it was indicated at the War Department. The matter will be assigned for action to the division of training and opera- tions. Need for Service Emphasized. ‘The recent Ohio maneuvers, in which every type of Air Corps squadron was represented, de- monstrated clearly the growing need for aerial transport service in connection with the operations of the Air Corps. Aerial trans- port was a big factor in the suc- cessful operations of the Marine Corps air service last year against the Sandino forces in Nicaragua and there is every reason to be- lieve that it will become more and more important as time goes on. The fighting squadrons, sta- tioned at advanced flying fields behind the front lines, must have supply service by air from depots behind the zone of action, the Ohio maneuvers showed. Fight- ing squadrons, especially pursuit plane outfits, which cannot carry mechanics, ground personnel or supplies, must be accompanied by cargo planes on cross-country missions during which they will be forced to work “on their own.” Although there were 19 cargo planes on duty in Ohio with the various Air Corps units, many of them were of obsolete types and the supply was insufficient to meet the demands imposed by the field operations of the air forces. The cargo and_ transport plane equip- ment included several Liberty- motored Douglass transport planes of the C-1 type, which now is con- sidered obsolete; several of the Whirlwind-Fokker C-2 type, a tri-motored Ford and only one of the new type Fokker C-5 planes, the latest word in the Army trans- port plane service. Commercial Planes in Reserve. Organization of only one squad- ron of transport and cargo planes for peace-time operations will be necessary, in the opinion of Maj. Frank. In time of emergency there will be the tremendous re- serve of commercial transport planes upon which the Govern- ment may draw for military duty, , together with trained transport pilots and ground crews sufficient to build up any number of trans- port squadrons, which might be necessary. The present Army transport planes of the Fokker and Ford types are identical with the com- mercial transport planes now in use on mail, passenger and ex- press air lines throughout the country. This guarantees the constant supply of sufficient planes of this type to meet any emergency needs of the military service which can be foreseen at the present time, Army officers point out. All that will be necessary at present will be the maintenance of enough cargo planes to meet such peace-time military needs as TION S. EDGERTON. were created by the Ohio demon- strations and other training opera- tions. The single transport squad- ron which is regarded as neces- serve as a nucleus for the forma- tion of as many future transport squadrons as may be required for emergency military operations. The distribution of cargo planes throughout the Air Corps, how- ever, is regarded as a rather in- efficient method of meeting the demand for adequate transport service. The present situation makes it necessary to call upon pilots of fighting planes to fly the transport planes on many oc- casions. The planes also must be maintained and repaired by me- chanies trained for duty with the fighting squadrons. It is believed that the establish- ment of a transport squadron, with pilots and mechanics trained especially for duty on the trans- port type of plane, not only would prove more efficient but would re- sult in more economical opera- tion of the big planes. The squad- ron probably would be centrally located so as to be able to serve Air Corps posts in all parts of the country. Suadrons Hard Pressed. ‘The pursuit plane squadrons were hard pressed for air trans- port facilities during the maneuv- ers, this type of plane carrying only pilots. When the 1st Pursuit Group left Selfridge Field, Mount Clemens, Mich., for two weeks’ duty in Ohio in connection with the maneuvers, it became neces- sary to transport a sufficient force of mechanics, riggers and repair men, together with their tools and equipment, to keep the fast little planes in condition for service while away from their home field. All of these men and supplies had to be carried in transport planes, six of which were assigned to the 1st Pursuit Group. The other cargo planes were distri- buted as follows: 15th Observa- tion Squadron, Selfridge Field, one; 16th Observation Squadron, Fort Riley, Kans., one; 2d Bomb- ardment Group, Langley Field, Va., three; 95th Pursuit Squadron, Reckwell Field, Calif., three; 3d Attack Group, Fort Crockett, Gal- veston, Tex., two, and 9th Obser- vation Squadron, Mitchel Field, N. Y., three. Several transport planes, which were pressed into service for cargo purposes during the Ohio war games had been equipped and were being used for experimntal and training purposes. One, used as a radio plane, was assigned to accompany the LB-7 bombard- ment plane piloted by Lieut. Odas Moon on the long-distance bom- bardment mission from Dayton, Ohio, to New York. An old Doug- lass transport plane also accom- panied the bomber as a refueling plane. . Have Flying Classroom. ‘The Air Corps aerial navigation school, conducted under direction of Lieut. Albert Hagenberger at Wilbur Wright Field, Dayton, uses a Fokker transport plane as a fly- ing classroom for the training of navigators. The Army Ford cargo plane also was used by the school during the “graduation tour” made by students at the school last Spring. The famous Question Mark, which established the world’s re- fueling endurance record of 150 hours last January—a record which was broken last week—also was a standard Army transport plane of the Fokker C-2 type. An- other similar plane was used by Lieut. Lester J. Maitland and Lieut. Hegenberger for their flight from the United States to the Hawaiian Islands. NEW DEVICE TAKES CONTROLS IF PLANE SWERVES OFF COURSE Gravity and Wind Operate Equipment Designed by Ohioan. Automatic Pilot Will Handle Craft as Effectively as Flyer, He Says. ELYRIA, Ohio () —A mechanical sirplane pilot has been invented by Otto L. Greene, Ohio engineer. Gravity and wind operate the device, and its inventor claims that it will keep a plane on its course even more exactly than the skilled hand of an experienced fyer. The invention consists of a pendulum pivoted at the center of gravity of the plane, which swings against a carbon Tesistance plate whenever the plane tips. There are four plates, thereby pre viding a different contact for a right, left, front or back tip. When the pen- dulim is swung against one of the| plates, a motor is started which operates a device to bring the plane back to nor- mal position. In addition, Greene has a wind con- trol device which supplements the gra ity control. It works on the same prin- ciple, vane coming into contact with | the pilot could with his own hand. OTTO L. GREENE. a carbon resistance plate whenever nec- essary. Greene believes his device will be valuable as a “relief pilot.” Once hav- ing put his plane on the right course, an aviator can transfer control to the mechanical device merely by pressing a button. ! If the plane swerves from the course | in any way, the machine will bring it back even quicker, Greene believes, than CHESAPEAKE AVIATORS FORM FLYING CLUB Organization Is Dedicated to Pro- motion of Aviation, Education and Training of Pilots. BALTIMORE, June 1—Incorpor- ation of a new association of flying enthusiasts, to be known as the Chesa- peake Flying Club, has been announc- ed at the office of the State tax com- mission. In the certificate of incorporation # was stated that the association will be a non-profit making arganization, devoted solely to the “pleasure of fly- ing, the education and training of pilots and the promotion of aviation’™ ‘The club, which will have head- quaters in this city, is empowered by its incorporation papers to erect hang- ars, shops and operate airplanes. Duchess Plans Flight. An English noblewoman, the Duchess AERIAL COMMUTATION TICKETS NOW IN USE New York-Boston Line Expected to Carry Many One-Day Busi- ness Passengers. By the Associated Press. BOSTON, June 1.—The first airplane commutation tickets have made their appearance on the New York-Boston passenger line. The tickets are transferable, and, the American Air Transport Association reports, business houses here and in New York are buying them for the use of executives who may depart in the morning, transact business, and return in the evening in time for dinner. The tickets are good for 50 rides be- tween the two cities. The flying time is 1 hour 45 minutes each way. &lli Dust Forests. of Bedford, at the age of 63 years, is planning a non.stop record flight from England to India. She expects to share with a male pilot the piloting of the plane on the long trip. partments are co-operating in the use of a Ford tri-motored transport plane| Corporation, to be used this Summer in extensive Three Canadian governmental de-| ST. LOUIS REWARDS AVIATION LEADERS Week of Aeronautical Confer- ences, Races and Shows Held at ““Air Capital.” Special Correspendence of The Star. ST. LOUIS, June 1.—St. Louis, which | lays claim to the title “Air Capital of the United States,” has just closed & week of aeronautical activity, which has done more than anything since the old balloon racing days to justify lts claim This has been a week of aeronautical conferences, aircraft shows and air- plane races. Honor has been paid the | great ploneers of aviation and to the | men who are car g on their work today. Present aviation trends have been analyzed by recognized world | leaders in every branch of aeronautics | and plans have been made for the fu- | ture growth of flying in this country. | Lindbergh Flight Celebrated. The week’s activity was arranged in | commemoration of the ond anniver- sary of the New York-Paris flight of | Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, who, before | he became famous, was an airmail pilot here. The major part of the week’s pro- gram was devoted to the third national aeronautic meeting of the aeronautic section of the American Society of Me- chanical Engincers, in connection with which there was a large local aeronau- tical exposition of planes, motors and accessories, The week culminated in the Gardner Cup races, which con- sisted of five independent preliminary airplane races to St. Louis from Buf- falo, N. Y.; Jacksonville, Fla.; San An- tonio, Tex.; , and Fargo, N. Dak. rdner Cup finals on Decoration day—a round trip race from St. Louis around a pylon in the Indianapolis speedway and back. The cup race, an annual aviation event, inaugurated this week, was won by Charles W. “Speed” Holman of St. Paul, who flew the 468 miles at a speed of more than 156 miles per hour, show- ing the way to eight other winners in the preliminary races. Holman flew a Laird biplane, powered with a Wright Whirlwind engine. In addition to the Gardner trophy he won a cash prize of $5.500. Sydnor Hall of St. Louis second, nearly 17 minutes bet man, in a Speedwing Trav Arthur J. Davis of East Lansing, Mich,, third, in a Waco. Miss Amelia Earhart has been here this week as a special guest of honor, appearing at a few luncheons and din- ners, but for the most part going quietly and unobtrusively “about her work of popularizing aviation, especially aviation for women. It seems that her efforts have been successful, for during the past week more St. Louis women have flown than during any previous week in history, according to records of local fields. Record Breakers Attend Banquet. The surprise event of the week was the arrival of Reginald Robbins and James Kelly, the Fort Worth endurance fiyers who spent all of the previous week in the air to establish a new record of more than 172 hours. They attended the banquet Wednesday night. The young Texans, however, didn't come here for a banquet; they are not strong for that sort of thing. They came to St. Louis to receive a glittering new Ryan-Mahoney broughan mono- plane, the gift of Phil Ball. At the banquet they received the medal of the City of St. Louis, a replica in bronze of the gold medal designed for Col. Lindbergh two vears ago. Dr. Elmer Ambrose Sperry, presi- dent of the American Soclety of Me- chanical Engineers, who has put the gyroscope to work as a Steamship and airplane stabilizer and in some other 30-0dd devices, presented awards to air- craft, ploneers and leaders on behalf of the St. Louls chapter and the national soclety. To Daniel Guggenheim, aged avia- tion enthusiast and philanthropist, whose gifts of money for the founda- tion of the Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics has made possible great progress and edu- cation during the years of its existence, was given the Spirit of St. Louis award, a medal symbolic of noteworthy achieve- ment in aeronautics of America, which is permanently financed by the local chapter of A. S. M. E. William E. Boeing, president of the Boeing Airplane Co. and Boeing Air Transport, Inc., was given a watch for recognition of his achievement in op- erating the first paying air line. Doolittle Receives Watch. Lieut. James H. Doolittle, whose pa- r on “Problems in Flying” was one of the features of the conference, was given a watch for scientific flying of high value at great personal risk. In- cidentally, Doolittle’s paper points out the fact that we have now, either in our hands or in process of construction, the instruments and equipment needed to fly blind and land blind on a pre- pared airdrome. It is only necessary before actual fog operation can be car- ried on, to co-ordinate these facilities and render them infallible. Misc Amelia Earhart, first woman to fly the Atlantic, and now aviation edi- tor of Cosmopolitan, was awarded a watch because of her remarkable achievement in popularizing _aviation. Great interest was manifest in the rather cryptic wording of Dr. Sperry, as he dwelt on the possibility that the East might lose Miss Earhart to St. Louis. Of course, the women were the most interested in this, be- cause of the woman guests knew Miss Earhart excused herself from a theater party Tuesday evening in order to visit with a friend who is also a pilot. That the pilot is young, unmarried and ex- tremely eligible, ndded to the interest of romance scenters. Carl Egge, executive secretary of the National Pilots Association, received a gift watch for services rendered for ad- vancement of air mail. Egge was the first postal official to send air mail across the continent at night. When it seemed the rashest thing to do he set about lighting part of the airway be- tween Chicago and Omaho, Nebr., and in a short time night air mail fiights were practical and reasonably safe. Gillmore Ts Honored. Brig. Gen. William E. Gillmore, chief of the materiel division of the United States Army Air Corps, who was chair- man of an afternoon session of the convention, was honored because of his contributions and legion of activities through the materiel division in in- creasing and making planes safer. Capt. F. C. Hingsberg, chief engl- neer of the airways division, Depart- ment of Commerce, received an award because of his “aids to aerial naviga- tion” and work on the installation of lighted airways. Prof. Alexander Klemin, in_charge of the Daniel Guggenheim School of Acronautics, New York University, was unable to attend the convention and receive his award for “di of aeronautical knowledg “Patience with that brand of talent which makes possible the development and improvement of aeronautics” and personal research on engines were the reasons for an award to Dr. G. W. Lewls, director of the research of the National Advisory Committee for Aero- nauties. Igor I. Sikorsky was honored for his development of the first multi- motored plane and later developments in aviation, particularly with the sea- going type of plane. William P. MacCracken, jr., Assist- ant Secretary of Commerce for Aero- nautics; Ralph Hazlett Upson, chief engineer for the Aerial Development and Lieut. Alford J. Wil- llams of the Navy will receive their “dusting” operations against the bud worm in Canadian forests, watches at later dates, due to inability to attend Wednesday's banquet, 9 FAMOUS FIGHTER BECOMES SPORT MODEL The sportsman pilot who wants speed and redesign of the famous Boeing Army pursuit plane. of 165 miles per hour, a climb of 2,400 feet per ‘minute, only 30 feet, and weighs 1,805 pounds empty. EAGLES ARE JEALOUS AVIATOR BELIEVES Canadian Flyer Says Birds Circle Around Plane as If Resent- ing Intrusion. TORONTO, Ont. ()—Carter Guest, chief pilot instructor of the Toronto Flying Club, thinks eagles may be jeal- ous of airmen, Guest says that when an aircraft soars aloft from Leaside two eagles may be seen flying swiftly from the east, from the direction of Scarboro Beach, and_they follow and circle around the airplane while it is in the air. Those eagles have not attempted to attack pilots as yet, but, Guest says, they act as if they resented the intru- sion of man upon the domain in which they have ruled and as if they would like to discourage them. When flying for the Ontario forest patrol in the Lake Nipigon district, however, Mr. Guest was attacked by eagles and, on one occasion he was forced down because of their evident antagonism. The eagles did no dam- age but appeared determined to get at the pilot and since there seemed to be danger of an accident, the birdman descended. “One time when one of our boys was flying to Sioux Lookout, in the Port| Arthur-Thunder Bay district,” Guest asserts, “two eagles followed him for a distance of 120 miles. Fortunately they did not do him any injury.” AIR INSURANCE. Flying Schools Take Out Policies for Students. KANSAS CITY (#).—Life and dis- ability insurance for student aviators is being offered by a Kansas City insur- ance firm which has organized a pool to underwrite the risk. The Universal Aviation Corporation, operating flying schools in a number of cities, has made arrangements to insure its students through the compan LOGAN FIELD TO GET FEDERAL INSPECTOR Activity at Baltimore's Temporary Airport Increases, Causing U. S. to Take Step. BALTIMORE, June 1.—The activity of Logan Field, Baltimore'’s temporary airport, has increased so during the past few months that the Federal Govern- ment has decided to place an inspector | of the Department of Commerce at the field. An office will be opened in the opera- tio: building, and all airplanes and fiyers operating the State will be ex- amined there. This will make Logan Field the hub of Maryland aviation cir- cles, and it has been suggested that Delaware flyers be required to come here to take their examinations. maneuverability will be interested in the new Boeing sport plane, a The sport job has a 425-horsepower Wasp engine, giving a top speed and a ceiling of about five miles. It has an upper wing span of NEW BERLIN-LONDON {AIR LINE ESTABLISHED | Passenger and Express Service by ‘Way of Rotterdam Competitor of Luft Hansa System. Establishment by Netherlands Royal Dutch Air Lines of a passenger and ex- press service from Berlin to London by way of Rotterdam, in competition with the Deutsche Luft Hansa, has been an- nounced here through the Department of Commerce. The Luft Hansa line operates between Berlin and London by way of Hanover and Amsterdam. ‘The new line is the only foreign line now operating out of Germany in com- petition with the Luft Hansa system, which is one of the largest commercial air line operators in the world. Fares over the two Berlin-London lines are the same, though the Royal Dutch lines service operates on a seven-hour schedule as against eight and one-half hours for the Luft Hansa line. The fare one way Is $45.22, with 10 per cent re- duction on return fare. The Royal Dutch planes will leave on an afternoon schedule which will per- mit one-day service to London from Danzig, Koenigsberg, Breslau, Buda- pest and Vienna. A daily average of 57,433 miles is flown by air mail and other aerial serv- ices in the United States, according to a report just published by the Aeronau- tics Branch of the Department of Com- merce. NEW PARACHUTE PACK IS INVENTED Sample of Form - Fitting Equipment Exhibited at Wright Field. | [ | Greater comfort for airplane pilots and passengers who must wear para- chutes is possible with a new form- fitting parachute pack, thinner and I bulky than the seat type now in use, which was exhibited at Wright Field, | Dayton, Ohio, during the recent Army Air Corps maneuvers. | The new parachute, which was de- | signed by Master Sergt. Erwin H. [ Nichols, instructor in the Air Corps Flying School at Brooks Field, Tex., is | designed especially for machine gun- | ners and photographers who must have | the greatest possible freedom of action. The new pack completely covers the | wearer's back and is but two inches | thick, forming a comfortable back rest When the wearer stands the weight of the pack is carried comfortably on the hips and shoulders. ‘The present military type of pack is awkward when the wearer has to movye about. The parachute is packed in a thick square pack which is so | arranged as to form a cushion upon which the wearer sits. The “service seat” pack was de- | signed before large passenger transports | were conceived, and makes it difficult for a passenger to move about with the awkward harness, Several com- mercia] companies are considering the features of the new pack as a means of providing greater comfort for passen- gers. | Nichols perfected the new frk after years of experience with the wal style “service seat.” He has taugW more than 1,000 students, Charles A. Lindbergh, to jump from | a moving plane. | | “Sprinklers” in Mail Planes. | Modern planes of the air mail are| equipped with fire sprinkler systems in principle much like those which pro- tect large buildings. Points about the motor and fuel lines which are suscep- tible in any degree to fire have sprinkler heads from which the fire-smothering fluid is ejected under pressure should abnormally high temperatures develop An_additional control is in the pilot's cockpit. Military Planes Strengthened. Airplanes for British military use must_henceforth be of all-metal con- | struction, it is announced by the British air ministry. Existing types in wood or | composite metal and wood construction are being modified so that all compo- | nents may be fabricated of metal. New | designs of aircraft must use metal tructure throughout. There is no re- | striction against fabric covering for wings and fuselage. | including Col. | — The Little Demon 4 346 PLANES BUILT IN 195 Department of Commerce Places Production Value at $44,319,988. Airplane production figures for 1928, recently issued by the Department of Commerce, show that 4,346 airplanes of all types, with a total value of $43,812 318 ‘were constructed in this cour and that 164 planes, valued at $5 were rebuilt. “The grand total of uction value for the year is give $44319.988 7 T Of the 4,346 planes built during the year, 3,518 were for commercial use; 396 ‘were for the United States Army and 432 were for the United States Navy. rodu on in the various classes was as follows One, two and th pit_planes: 3,114 buils $19,896,073 and 116 value of $198,229, or of $20,094,342 Small _transport, mail planes; 86, with a val rebuilt, 26, valued at value, $1,196,347 Singled engined cabin planes; 90; value $9,132.460; 20 rebuilt, value, $59) 138; total value, $9,191,598. Multi-mot valu E B r 3 ce open cock- ith a value of rebuilt with a a total value and_express of $954.544; $241,893; total valued 644 111 built, with a value of $2,56 Seaplanes of not reported. value, $ Airplane parts, ¢ engine parts, with a_total v of $4,714.547 were produced during the vear. Repair work totaled in value $609.932 number Guard Against Him and You'll Save Many a Repair BilL Friction (metal rubbing against metal) wears out gears! It's the little demon that surely’ and quickly destroys any car. e Demand Ebonite-T for ™ the transmission, because it makes gear shifting easy. Demand Ebonite-R for the rear axles. It prevents noise, and de- livers long, satisfactory service. EBONITE (Combination of Pure Oil) 20 Cents a Shot At Filling Stations and Garages. 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