Evening Star Newspaper, December 1, 1927, Page 8

~ Ld THE EVENIN THE EVENING STAR|vendor of goods that the wise house- | A parade of these wagons will course With Sunday Morning Edition. .~ WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY. .. .December 1, 1927 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor S e ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company Bustness Office: L 11th St 3 New Fork Sfitee” 10" Bamt b Chicago Office: Tower Building. ~ Buropean Office: 14 nfié}'n St.. London Enelan e The Evening Star with the b edition is delivered by ity at 60 cents per month: da cents per month: Sundays only. 20 cents onth, Orders may be sent by mail or Main 5000, Collection is made by ‘month. carrier at end of each ,Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 1vr $000:1mo 1vr $A00:1mo. foc and_Sunday aily onls. ... lay only """ /1 vr. $300° 1 mo. s All Other States and Canada. lly and Sunday.l vr.$12 00: 1 mo.. $1.00 ly only 1vr. $R00:1mo. 75c ay only... . $4.00°1mo. 35c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is oxclusively entitled 20 the use for republication of il news die- hes credited 1o it or not otherwise cred- 3ted in this paner and also the loeal rew pyblished herein | Al -ighte of publication % speeial dianatohes herein are also reserv Russia’s Plan Ridiculed. Unless they are totally deficient in Powers of psychological reasoning, the Russian administrators must have Joreseen the effect of their proposal made at Geneva yesterday for the abolition of all armaments. It may be that they are in fact devoid of such power. They have certainly man- ifested inability to understand the mental processes of other peoples. Their propaganda for the subversion of organized government and the sub- stitution of the “proletariat” as the ruling power denoted an incapacity to appreciate the sense of mnationality which pervades the world. The reaction to the Litvinoff propo- sition for the scrapping of all navies and forts and the disbandment of all armies has been immediate and em- phatic So far as the dispatches in- dicate, there is no expression of faith in its sincerity. In some quarters the proposal is viewed as an affront. In | London particularly is the Litvinoft plan derided and condemned; with wirtually no dissent it is stamped as a trick. It is called a ‘“cynical job,” a “grotesque mockery,” a “stupid in- trigue,” a “clumsy farce,” an “impu- ~dent rodomontade,” & “theatrical buf- foonery, put forward with the tongue ‘in the cheek.” These expressions clearly denote the #ndignant skepticism felt in Western ~ Burope regarding the Litvinoff offer- ing in the cause of world peace. It 1s assumed to be made in bad faith, without any idea of serious considera- ‘tion, put forward, indeed, for the pur- ‘pose cf being rejected. A sinister mo- tive is assigned to it. Its purpose is _believed to be the discrediting of the ~ Western powers. But to what end? - It cannot possibly be dreamed by the " Moscow commissars that a mere ges- . ture of this kind will align a group . of governments against the “reaction- | aries” of Western Europe. It must surely be realized in Moscow that partnership with the Soviet organiza- tion. by any first-class power is im- ‘Soviet Russia was created by force wife will demand exacting identifica- tion before she purchases. In fact, many women refuse to do business In this way. They or their friends have been tricked and even the honest peddler will have small chance of securing an audience. There have been cases innumerable where personable young men have practically forced their way into houses to sell magazine subscriptions to put them “through college.” The housewife pays over a dollar or two and that is the last she ever hears of the matter. It is exceedingly doubtful whether zoods of any kind can be purchased cheaper through a house-to-house peddler than at the favorite store. in some cases it may be possible to buy the same standard of merchan- dise a trifle cheaper with the second profit eliminated, but when the at- tendant risk is considered it is hardly worth while. There is another angle to consider: The home-town merchant has his rep- utation to maintain, has a big over- head and advertises to build up his local trade. He maintains a service that cannot be approached by an out- of-town firm, and he will sell the goods and stand back of them with a legitimate profit on the transaction. It is apparent, therefore, that wom- en who purchase from the house-to- house canvasser are taking not only a big risk of losing their money alto- gether, or of having delivered to them inferior goods, but are doing a real injustice to the local merchant, who will go to any lengths to assure them satisfaction. All in all, it is by far the wisest thing to do to say “Noth- ing today, thank you.” the next time the bell rings and a smooth-appearing salesman begins the usual line of talk. Mid-City Fire Protection. After a careful study of several months a special committee appointed by the Commissioners to consider the advisability of installing a high-pres- sure system for fighting fires in the business center of the Capital report- ed adversely to that plan and recom- mended an increase in protection through the laying of new mains and the installation of additional fire hy- drants. With abundant water and more points of outlet it was felt that the high-valuation district could be through the city, bearing 2,000 gar- bage canms, each of which is to be “decorated” with the American flag. There is plenty of time for the idea of decorating a garbage can with the American flag to percolate through the minds of the Chicago people be- fore that edifying performance is en- acted. Perhaps it will occur to some of the more sensitive that this is not altogether the right use of the na- tional emblem. It may strike some of them that there are higher and better uses to which to put the Stars and Stripes. Perhaps, but not assuredly. The virus of demagoguery may have affected the cells of the civic brain to prever®t such a redction. Chicago's Tartuffe gets away with many gestures of patriotic sanctity. This latest one may prove to be his undoing. Give the demagogue time enough and he will usually trip him- self with his own hypocrisy. ———— vt Lights and Crime. Recent criminal activities in the Cleveland Park section point unmis- takably to what every one knows, but sometimes overlooks, the need for ade- quate street lighting. While it is diffi- cult to put a finger on the exact ratio of crime prevention in relation to lighting, the fact that proper illumina- tion does tend to baffle marauders is evident. Nefarious nocturnal business of all sorts must be carried om, it at all, under the cover of darkness. Un- lighted streets and alleys provide the criminal with exactly what he needs, a cloak for his viciousness. Especially does he find the heavy shadows cast by garages exactly to his liking. Under such a cloak the man bent on willful malice may come and go with minimum chances of be- ing apprehended. In such suburban areas as Cleve- land Park, now practically a part of the city. the time has come for the installation of better lights. There is a normal, adequate community light- ing which does not call for the bril- liant illumination of the boulevard nor yet for merely a few open in- candescent bulbs at long intervals. Many of the streets in the city proper show a desirable system, where enough light is on hand to handican criminal activities, yet not enough to given protection equivalent to that af- forded by the proposed high-pressure system of special mains fed by pumps from the river, and at much less in- itial cost. The committee estimated that $686,350 would be needed to carry out its recommendations in full. The Commissioners, it is stated, have adopted the project and have written into the budget an estimate for begin- ning this work, which is to be spread over a two-year period in execution. This probably signifies the definite abandonment of the proposal for a high-pressure system, the advantage of which is recognized, but the cost of which, owing to the delay that has occurred since it was first proposed, has in estimates reached a high figure. When the high-pressure plan was first advocated it was computed that the cost of special mains and riverside pumps would be about $100,000. The computation now places it at many times that sum. Had Congress then heeded the request for this form of protection in the business area, which ‘of arms and has subsisted by force ~ of arms. It must have a strong mili- | tary organization to keep peace within its own boundaries, to collect its im- _ posts, to maintain its organization. ‘Disarmament such as Litvinoff sug- . gests would leave Russia helplessly ‘weak against the forces of dissent and | disruption. Were it not so grave a ° matter, it would be a joke to see the | Soviet organization coming forward | with grave face to propose a measure ‘which the world knows would cause [\ | 4ts own ruin if adopted and put into | effect thoroughly and sincerely. Tag Sale Starts Today. A special sale starts today at the | District Building. With the exception | of last year, it has started about this “time snnually. This sale is certain | to be well patronized, as there are ' more than one hundred thousand per- . gons in Washington who cannot really ‘enjoy the year 1928 unless they at- tend it. Last year there was a, long | delay because the shipment of goods | did not arrive on time, but the for- mer schedule of a thirty-day affair is now resumed. In short, the sale of 1928 automobile identification tags, priced at one dollar apiece, begins today. | - In most sales customers are only 200 eager to be the first in line. In | this one, however, if past experience | proves anything, it is just the other way round. There is a mad struggle to get In under the wire just before New Year eve. Procrastination is a world-wide habit, but in no case prob- ably does it cause as much discomfort 1o the procrastinator as in the buying ©of D. C. licenses. Beginning today, a tag can be ob- tained with little inconvenience. A visit to the office of Wade H. Coombs, the filling out of an application, the handing over of one dollar, a short stop at the favorite service station for afixing the plates to the car, and the job is done. Contrast this with the last-minute rush: A circling of the block many times looking for a yparking space, a walk of perhaps two Isquares to the District Building, a jwait of two or three hours in a line o get to the proper window and the | completion of what should be a simple task. in no humor to face “friend ‘wife” across the dinner table. Moral: Buy your tags now! —————— The silk hat has been banished from evening attire. The aviator's outfit promises to be the ceremonial costume. House-to-House Peddlers. The Merchants and Manufacturers’ Assoclation has issued a warning to housewives to be unusually careful at this season in making purchases from house-to-house peddlers of com- modities. The association states that, with the stimulation gyen to buying by the approach of Christmas, can- ‘wassers of fraudulent goods find easy prey in the woman of the house. This warning is well timed. Many .of the solicitors are honest and rep- but fghe honest concerns, is that within which the Government’s own properties are chiefly located, there would today be no difficulty on the score of cost. But, as in so many other matters, procrastination has proved expensive. The substitute plan which is now being written into the estimates costs nearly seven times as much as the high pressure would have cost if adopted and installed when first proposed. The installation of larger mains and | of additional hydrants will yield abun- dant water for fighting fires in the downtown sections. It wfll not, how- ever, lessen the cost of Fire Depart- ment maintenance. It will be neces- sary to provide tractor pumps, where- as with the high-pressure system these pumps could be eliminated in that area. Moreover, the water to be thus distributed throughout the high- valuation area for possible use in ex- tinguishing fires must all come from the reservoirs and filtration plants. Under the high-pressure system fire- fighting water is drawn from the river. Economical reasons having dictated the rejection of the high-pressure sys- tem and the adoption of the plan for larger mains and more hydrants, it is to be hoped that this project will be provided for in full by Congress, and that the motor-pump equipment of the department will be augmented in keeping with the larger water supply. ‘Washington must have adequate fire- fighting facilities. The necessity for giving it the best possible is increased by the new Government building project just starting, which will add greatly to the values requiring pro- tection in the high-valuation area. ——————————— Women no longer wear veils in Turkey nor find their feet in China. The civilized awakening brings new hope of beauty doctors and chiropo- dists. Flags on the Garbage Cans. Political demagoguery works in strange ways sometimes. Usually it manifests in loud and vehement speech and sweeping gestures, with adulation of the “plain people,” denunciation of the “idle rich,” condemnation of the practices of “captains of industry.” Now and then it takes picturesque forms, such as the wearing of shabby garb, the assumption of boorish man- ners. Again it calls for association with companions of the “submerged tenth” of the population. Chicago has a demagogue who goes to fanciful extremes. He plays the game with a deck of cards of his own design. One of them is the “one hun- dred per cent Americanism” ace. He slaps it on the table with a bang and has taken many a trick with it. Just now he is working it to the point of fraying its edges and dog-earing its corners. Next Summer the city of Chicago will put into service an incinerator plant for the disposition of garbage, and it is promised the spectacle of wagons laden with food refuse will pass from the streets of the Windy City, the breezes of which waft mal- cause unwholesome glare in residen- tial communities. It is not necessary 1dIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Interesting aspects of radio broad- casting at the present time, as they appeal to home listeners-in, may be stated as follows: 1. The ideal of tone, instead of vol- ume 2 2. Gradual disappearance of the “bloopers.” 3. Soft pedal on speeches. 4. Use ot lesser-known compositions of great composers. 5. Introduction of great musiclans, such as Henry Hadley, to the Ameri- can public at large, 6. Standardization of programs. These are but half a dozen of the surfaces which appear on the ever- changing face of the great art and science which the world calls “radio broadeasting.” ‘There are many more facets, which may be considered later, strictly from the standpoint of the man who buys a radio receiving set, erects an an- tenna and begins to “listen-in.” The work in the broadcasting sta- tions themselves interests him only in so far as it reflects itself from the mouth of his loud speaker. The equally important spheres of invention and progress in the construction of re- ceivers also are of interest to him only as they affect his home “out- put.” * k% ok Today the quality of reception, as the result of steady advance, is at a peak point, the result of applied elec- tricity and acoustics at their best. It is mow possible to secure tone, as opposed to mere volume, and to achieve it in abundance as well. Fiv s ago the great cry of the radio “fan” was for volume. The man who could rig up a three-tube am- plifier to hitch to his three-tube re- generative set was the wonder of his neighbors. Many a man, in those days, turned on his set when the local broadcaster started, and walked around the block, to see how far away he could hear the output. If the piano came over with a tinny sound, and the voice of a speaker was so muffled that no one could un- derstand what the fellow was saying, it was all one to the dyed-in-the-wool enthusiast. The hardy man who held out for “tone” was looked upon as a strange bird in the land of the ether. Radio dealers proudly displayed sets at work at their worst, sending forth such awful tones that no sensible man would think of buying the thing except as a novelty. Successful phonographs of that day, however, held the inventors and man- ufacturers to the true mark of tone quality. Within three years such strides had been made that the phono- graph manufacturers were taking les- to have floodlights or anything ap- proaching them in a community de- voted to home structures. A watch dog may be poisoned, but a gleaming electric light is a warn- ing to all evildoers that they may be seen, and apprehended. Adequate lighting is not a panacea by any means, but it is necessary and help- ful, and should be considered as a po- lice aid, as well as a benefit to any community. — It may be found that grand juries would be more efficient if they did not have to concern themselves with details of so many love affairs. ———e—— Presidential candidates are numer- ous. In the annals of fame it Is some- thing to be remembered even in the et cetera class. v ————— “Trouble brewing in the Balkans.” The line is a familiar incident of the business of the experienced typograph- ical expert. ——————— Fascisti call for the black shirt. The “white collar man” is powerless to register a protest. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Crime. We're deeply occupied In crime, Which works grotesquely. We set it forth, from time to time, So' picturesquely! And, after all, it might be right In life's contention, To say that crime, ‘mongst folk polite, One does not mention. - Opinion. “What is your opinion of prohibi- tion?" “I hesitate to express it,” answered Senator Sorghum. “Why should a responsible statesman go on record about something that, as yet, isn’t?” Evolution. A merry mountain maid was she, Fond of the huckleberry. She hit Broadway a vamp to be, All to the merry, merry. Jud Tunkins says love makes the world go 'round and hatred tries to stop it now and then for a war. In Forgiving Spirit. “We must love our enemies.” “I can’t go quite that far,” sald Miss Cayenne. “All I hope for is a chance to sympathize with them.” “No man is an enemy.” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “who honestly understands other men’s hopes and hardships.” Equine Disloyalty. “The Prince of Wales fell off his horse.” “A very foolish move on the part of the animal. I am beginning to question the sagacity of the horse.” Fight Finality, The way a war to end, ‘With morals derelict, 1s to convince a friend He's permanently licked. “I says my prayers,” sald Uncle Eben, “but I goes to work at 6 a.m. to help de answers come true.” —_— e That Rare Poise. From the Memphis Commercial Appeal. Poise is that quality which enables a man to hum a tune while the red signal light prevents him from catch- ing the street car leaving from the opposite corner. —————— Pre-empted. From the Arkansas Democrat. ‘The tough luck of it is that when the early bird catches the worm he sons humbly at the feet of radio. Today the best and most costly phonographs are a cross between a radio and a phonograph, while radio recelving sets themselves, with their cone and exponential speakers, are tone producers first and foremost. The “power tubes” placed on the mar- ket two years ago are in reality “tone tubes.” Although they require 135 volts and higher for their proper operation, the main thing they do for a set is to better its tone. Thus the old-time ‘“fans” were more or less right in their stressing vol- ume, after all, for without a certain amount of power there can be no proper rendition of an orchestra. The problem of modern sets that disturb a residence neighborhood through the misapplication of power {s another story, which we may treat later. * k k Xk The gradual replacement of regen- erative sets, per se, widely known as “bloopers,” by receivers in which the ability to radiate has heen eliminated, muffled or subdued, has greatly in- creased the enjoyment of home radio receiving. The wild shrick of a “blooper,” as |some person toyed with the tickler |coll of his regenerative set, thus transforming himself and his appara- | tus into a miniature broadeasting sta- | tion, put the owner of the newer set, | which did not thus annoy his neigh- | bors, sadly at a loss. Reception was likely to be ruined at any time. The better set one |had, the better 1ts tone quality, the m true power he possessed, the more terrible the runs and trills of the “blooper” sounded in his living room. There are still many of these sets in the land, alas! The other night we had the choicest bit of a great symphony utterly spoiled by some ight at a distance who insisted on playing” with his set, instead of al- lowing it to bring him music. Small boys have been known to “signal” each other with their one-tube regen- crative sets. The final elimination of ype will mark a milestone in home radio reception. The lessened number of speeches handed out over the air is a welcome sign of the times. There is too much talk in the United States, anyway, according to the belief of many per- sons, and the precious channels of the air, if one is to listen to them, ought to ‘be reserved for the bracing, ex- hilarating gift of music. e An enheartening sign in broadeast- ing is the use of lesser-known com- positions of great composers, melodies ordinarily heard only by musicians or those few who make a special study of some one composer. Ethelbert Nevin's “Mighty Lak’ a Rose,” “Venetian Rosary” are known to every one, hut perhaps few are familiar with his 5 Dance” and “Beneath the The writer had never heard these compositions until he listened to them several weeks ago over radio. He had often wondered whether Nevin, that great composer who was cut off just as he started his life work, had not left some other music worth hear- ing besides the three first named above. In the same way we have been treated to seldom-heard works of vari- ous other composers, which the aver- age man has little opportunity to hear, even if he frequent the concerts. In addition, composers themselves are being introduced to the American people by means of the radio. Henry Hadley was but a name to many of us until the National Broadcasting Co. had the vision to put his compo- sitions on the air. Today hundreds of thousands actually know what pre- viously they knew only theoretically— that Hadley is a real composer. As for the question of standardiza- tion of programs, this is one which some praise and others deplore. The esent writer believes that an un- varying schedule, with the same fea- tures appearing at exactly the same hour month after month, year after year, 15 not good for radio, even as it tends to become boresome to the radio listener. This is a problem to which not enough serious considera- tion is being given. We suggest its study by broadcasters. Colorado Mine Fatal clashes in the Colorado coal- mine strike are viewed rather gen- erally as perhaps the last stand of the I. W. W., which in past years has been condemned as the most radical instrument of labor agitation. The Colorado authorities are criticized in some quarters for failure to in- stitute in advance more effective measures of control over the regions involved in the struggle. “The situation in the Colorado coal industry is chronic,” says the Canton Daily News. ‘A previous strike of mine workers, then affiliated with the American Federation of Labor, was put down by military force. The miners’ organization was virtually destroyed. There was quiet for a few years, then in 1919 another strike’ occurred, and in 1921 an- other. The conservative unions having been weakened or . de- destroyed in previous contests, the strike of 1927 falls into the hands of these guerrillas of labor war, the In- dustrial Workers of the World.” The News describes the situation as “a national scandal” and warns that “if the statesmen of industry and labor do not put the coal industry on a basis of peace with justice they must not complain if coal gets into politics in America as it is in politics in England.” “It is‘'an old story,” declares the Los Angeles Express, with the com- ment: “If not in the coal, then in the silver or the gold mines of that State, disorder has been of frequent occurrence, and soldiers have been called to restore and preserve order. A generation ago Gov. Waite threat- ened that if the horses of his soldiers had to ‘ride in blood up to the bridles’ he would put a stop to the fighting between mine guards and striking miners at Cripple Creek, Gov. Adams has a similar task before him fin the present 1. W. W, coal mine strike.” The Rock Island Argus looks upon the 1. W. W. as “running true to form” and holds that “from the start this society has made trouble wher- ever it gained a footing. Gov. Adams,” continues that paper, ‘“places the blame for the killings on the strikers themselves, and asserts the guards- men were forced to shoot as a matter of self-protection. The record of the I. W. W. is such that the governor's statement may be accepted as most probably true.” * K K % Fight Viewed As Last Stand of Radicals in Colorado,” says that “the difficulty seems to lie in the freedom with which Colorado justices issue injunc- tions against strikers. They won't let the strikers picket the mines where they used to work. These in- junctions are so rigid,” continues the Day, “that they interfere with what should be the persohal freedom of the strikers who are not pickets.” LR Emphasizing the fact that “the days of open war between capital and labor have passed,” the Syracuse Herald makes the comment: “An out- break such as this in Colorado, re- calling the era of ‘Big Bill' Hay- wood and his Killers, serves only to intensify the labor and industrial quiet that marks the Nation gen- erally, There are differences, it is true, and some of them, notably in the soft coal regions, are bitterly con- tested in the courts and out, but violence of the Wobbly brand is lack- ing. For the honor of the Nation and its laboring masses the I. W. W. methods in Colorado should be sternly repressed.” Looking to the origin of the strug- gle, the Asheville Times states: “In virtually all coalmine strikes, the public finds, after even casual reading of the conflicting arguments, a hope- less tangle of economic and social causes. If Congress is iooking for a big opportunity for some constructive work, besides the large tasks already set aside for it by the course of events, it can take up its long nex- lected duty in the coal {industry. Dust is accumulating on reports of coal-mining investigations made from time to time over the past decade The Wichita Beacon finds in the de- velopments “another argument in favor of a tribunal which will do justice to the public, at the same time adjudicating impartially for the liti- gants in_industrial controversy.” “The I. W. W., which began the present strike,” the Newark Evening News declares, “is persona non grata to the more conservative majority of organized labor. It may be hazarded that were the United Mine Workers in tho field, and American Federation of Labor standards and principles estab- lished there, the present crisis might not have developed.” The Providence Journal concludes that “there is no real issue in the troubles but the I. W. W. The State government,” adds that paper, “will be recreant to its duty if it does not promptly punish the radical agents who led so many ignorant and mis- The Buffalo Evening News suggests that “the recollection of Ludlow, in Colorado; Herrin, in Illinois, and the West Virginia mine war of recent vears suggests that vigilance and firm measures are essential to prevent an- other shameful episode in the coal- mining industry.” . “The International Workers, holding anti-capitalistic ideas,” observes the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, “believe them- selves justified in raiding the property of mine owners. Neither the govern- ment of Colorado nor that of any part of the United States concedes their view, Unlike many of the labor bodies affiliated with the American Federa- tion, the International Workers have made themselves a bad reputation for proneness to ‘direct action.’ There stands against them presumption that they intend violence when vio- lence occurs, They have their rights, but that to riot at will does not rank among them.” “Investigations, indictments and trials doubtless will follow,” in the opinion of the Chicago Daily News, “but the situation reflects no credit on the county and State authorities of Colorado. They ought to have taken steps to prevent dangerous col- has to take it home to feed the little ones. Start Right. From the Roanoke Times. avior for odorous scents from those focal points. nt “ouse fleld has proved buch - wiei-w-n.s one for the dishonest ning a spectacle to mark the change. prison in the first place. The mayor is now engaged in plan- ‘The same sort of good which they get time off tence would have kept eir sen- vut of iislons and clvil war. Ample notice was given them. of the likelihood of serious trouble. The State militia, with or without a proclamation of martial law, would have preserved or- der and averted the killing and wounding of men and women.” The New London Day, with the judgment that “some of the bloodiest episodes iu American struggles of labor against capital have transpired guided men to a place of slaughter.” UNITED STATES N WORLD WAR Ten Years Ago Today United States military representa- tive files strong protest at Petrograd against a separate armistice being concluded with Germany by Russiaps. Kerensky officials there predict over- throw of bolsheviki by southern armies and continuation of struggle by Rus- sia. * * * Official Washington is firm for pushing the war and opposed to proposal of Lord Lansdowne that the allies restate their war aims as a di- rect move toward peace. * * * Presi- dent sends message to King of Ru- mania assuring him that the United States would use its influence to main- tain the integrity of that country in final peace negotiations. * ¢ Su- preme War Council of the Allies opens conferences at Versailles. Col. House, Lloyd George, Qlemenceau and Orlando closeted for some time before regular meeting opens. * * * Germans plunge ahead almost 2 miles, breaking Brit- ish lines near Cambral. British rush up reinforcements and by terrific at- tacks win back much ground. * ¢ Artillery fire of marl intensity con- tinuesmlong whole Itfan front. Ger- man Reichstag v 15,000,000,000 marks credit for 85t frimtem s Washington’s Burial Described in Old Paper To the Editor of The Star: Below will be found a quoted copy of an article from “George Town" (District of Columbia), under date of December 20, 1799, that appeared in a newspaper published in that day and time, giving an account of the funeral and entombment of George Washing- ton, “the Father of His Country,” which should be of unusual inferest to the readers of your newspaper, viz.: “On Wednesday last the mortal part of Washington the Great—the Father of His Country and the Friend of Man —was consigned to the tomb with sol- emn honors and funeral pomp. “A multitude of persons assembled from many miles round at Mount Ver- non, the choice abode and last re dence of the illustrious chief. There were the groves, the spacious avenues, the beautiful and sublime scenes, the noble mansion—but, alas, the august inhabitant was now no more! That great soul was gone. His mortal part was there, indeed, but, ah, how affect- ing, how awful the spectacle of such worth and greatness, thus, to mortal eyes, fallen! Yes, fallen, fallen! “In the long and lofty portico, where oft the hero walked in all his glory now lay the shrouded corpse. The countenance, still composed and se- rene, seemed to depress the dignity of the spirit which lately dwelt in that liteless form. There those who paid the last sad honors to the benefactor of his country took an impressive—a farewell view. “On the ornament at the head of the coffin was inscribed ‘Surge ad Judi- cium,” about the middle of the coffin, ‘Gloria Deo,’ and on the silver plate, ‘General George Washington. Depart ed this life on the 14th December, 1799, ARt. 68" “Between 3 and 4 o'clock the sound of artillery from a vessel in the river, firing minute guns, awoke afresh our solemn sorrow, the corpse was re- moved, a band of music with mourntul melody melted the soul into all the tenderness of woe. “The procession moved on in the following order: “Cavalry, Infantry, Guard, arms reversed; music, clergy. “The General's horse with his sad- dle, holsters and pistols. “Cols. Sims, Ramsay, Payne, pall- bearers; corpse, pallbearers, Cols. Gil- pin, Marsteller, Little. “Mourners, Masonic brethren, citi- zens. “When the procession had arrived at the bottom of the elevated lawn, on the bank of the Potomac, where the family vault is placed, the Cavalry halted, the Infantry marched toward the mount and formed their lines: the clergy, the Masonic brothers and the citizens descended to the vault and the funeral service of the church was performed. The firing was repeated from the vessel in the river, and the sounds echoed from the woods and hills around. “Three general discharges by the Infantry, the Cavalry and 11 pieces of artillery which lined the banks of the Potomac back of the vault, paid the last tribute to the entombed Com- mander-in-Chief of the Armies of the United States and to the departed hero. “The sun was now setting. Alas, the son of glory was set forever! No, the name of Washington, the Ameri- can President and General, will tri- umph over Death! The unclouded brightness of his glory will illuminate the future ages!” MRS. HELEN G. GALER. formed and with Home Owner Opposes Street-Paving Levies : To the Editor of The Star: Since we of the District have nol vote or voice we become like dumb driven cattle unless our newspapers allow the call, even as an infant cry- ing in the night, to reach sensitive and sympathetic ears. The Star will, I hope, give space to this addendum to my letter of October 27, which, though more directly personal in its relation, is meant to be absolutely free from animus or rhetorical exaggeration. The woman who said she felt about her tax burdens like Daniel in the lions' den was complaining, I believe, of her Federal income tax. In my case “Ther ain't no such core”! Daniel with the lions was calm with the consciousness of the omnipotence of Sheltering Arms. The case here is more like Mrs. Dumbunny pursued by the hungry wolves. This year of grace 1927 has jammed me down in front of the steam roller and no escape seems possible, My home, built through long years of patient toil, is in danger of being sold over my head to resvrface a street that I use only with the risks and enjoyment of an unprotected pe- destrian—for I am not even the proud possessor of a tin Lizzy, and if in the tender mercy of a kind Providence T escape the risks, the only enjoyment that now looms up in imagination is finally, after years of self-sacri but prompt and regular tax paying| on what I vainly imagined was a sheltered home for the sunset of life, to leave it to join instead the rocking- chair brigade at Blue Plains with what comfort 1 can glean from the cer- tainty that old “General Public” will then be taxed for my upkeep. Does any one believe that Russia under the Czars or Italy under Mussolini would seize a_peasant's hut to pave the King's highway? ANNA J. COOPER. o Hopes to See Capital Resident Among Heroes To the Editor of The Star: For the past 10 months I have had pleasure in reading many interesting articles pertaining to “Sea-faring Aviation,” and T have wondered why ‘Washington has not been able to bid God-speed to one of its sons or daugh- ters as a delegate to some foreign nation via the nir. Perhaps, as Washington is voteless, the capitalists feel that it would be fruitless to back an adventurous per- son, either for science, publicity or sport. However, let us hope that in the next year, which I understand will witness many more aviation accom- plishments, Washington will have at least one representative, well fortified with substantial equipment to battle the elements of the upper strata and emerge victorious like those brave men and women of the past season. Congratulations to them and best wishes to those who will venture forth next season! NE A. SUMMERS, EUGE Old-Age Pension Measure Favored To the Editor of The Star: I think the press of the country should use its influence with Congress at this session to pass an old-age pension for heads of families past 60 or 65 years, and women, too. They are the ones that made the country what it is today and they deserve it. The tax would be so small no one would feel the loss. Furthermore, it would make more business and stimu- late trade, and the old folks would not feel the sting of poverty and want as they do now. Most foreign coun- tries have such a law and we ought to have it, too. L. TAYLOR. —_— a——— A Training School. From the Lansing State Journal, Circus and vaudeville- contortionists are doubtlessly recruited from coilege cheer leaders. Awaiting Specifications. * | From the Muncie Morning Star. Milwaukee has ousted its school su- perintendent, although it has not yet been determined what kind of propa- il ot .| The total output of Mr. Fussell's fac- Q. Ts there a good soap substitute on the market?—H. A. B. A. Soap bark is perhaps the most valuable soap substitute. It is on the market in the form of chips, powder or long, flat pieces. When extracted | with hot water a solution containing | a lather-forming material called a saponin is obtained. This has deter- gent power, and, since it is very mild in its actlon, is suitable for delicate fabrics. Q. When was ice cream first made commercially in the United States?— A. Tce cream was first made com- mercially in_this country in 1851 by Jacob Fussell, a milk dealer of Wash- ington and Baltimore, who began its manufacture as a side line to his regu- lar business. His methods were very crude and laborfous, and his equip- ment exceedingly simple; a_dishpan and salt, in aining the ingredients. Freezing was executed by revolving the smaller pan in the mixture of ice and sait at first amounted to only a few arts per day. Q. Does the United S appreciable amount skins?—I. W. A. Many of the hides and skins used in this country, including practically all the goat and kid skins, are im- ported. The exportation of such raw materials is comparatively insig- ates export an of hides and Q. Are there any States which do not have workmen's compensation | ws?—S. E. N. | A. There are but four States that | do not have compensation insurance | laws. Those States are Florida, Mis-| sippi, North Carolina and South Carolina. In the District of Colum- bia only the civil employes of the | city of Washington and of the Fed. eral Government are protected by compensation laws. Q. What foreign languages are the most necessary for a singer to know? —D. H. A. The Musician says that Italian, German and French are the most im- portant. Q. What kind of a horse is a cayuse?—D. W. A. Originally it was a bronco bred by the Cayuse Indians of eastern An Ambassador from Turkey has| arrived and been officially received by President Coolidge and the Secretary | of State, Mr. Kellogg. He is not wei- comed by the former Ambassador to Germany, Mr. James W. Gerard, nor by Mr. Gerard’s secretary, who chances to be an Armenian, Mr. Cardeshian. Mr. Gerard has publish- ed a protest against our receiving any representative of Turke particularly alleges that Aml Mouktar Bey is especlally objection- | able, because, he avers: “In 1919 Mouktar Bey was a mem- ber of Kemal's mission to Moscow. This mission entered into an agree- ment with Moscow whereby Turkey was to attack the Armenian Republic, which was recognized by the allied and associated nations, including the United States. “In August, 1920, Turkey attacked Armenia, but was repulsed. She again attacked her in September (while the bolsheviki threatened her from the northeast) and overwhelmed her. The Turks then butchered, according to an official bolshevist report, 30,000 Christians in the region of Alex- andropol, and laid waste 147 villages and hamlets.” S There has not appeared any con- tradiction of Mr. Gerard's history of the Turkish atrociti So recently has Turkey thus justified the term of horror given by all civilization—*“the unspeakable Turk!” It appears an_oversight, however, that Mr. Gerard should recite only the bloody butchering of 30,000 Christians in 1920, while failing to mention the million also butchered in the years 1915 and 1916. There sure- Iy cannot be greater horror over the acts of one Individual in having offi- cial part (if he did) in killing 30,000 than the loathing by all civilization of a people who dare gloat over their hideous atrocities resulting in the death of men, women and children to the number equal to ore than double the entire population of Washington. While Mouktar Bey may have been a member of a commission conspir- ing with the bolsheviki to commit wholesale murder, he does not appear to have been worse than Kemal, the President of the Turkish Republic, who sent the commission, and commanded the butchers who attack- ed the Christian Armenians. The question of recognition, therefore, has to do with the Turkish Republi rather than with the individual Am- bassador. Should the republic be recognized at all? * X % X In answer to Mr. Gerard's protest, it is affirmed officially %hat all American husiness concerns having interests in | Turkey and also all American mis-| sionaries ask its recognition. All other nations have given full recognition to Turkey. The League of Nations has recognized it, in spite of the League's inability to prevent the massacre, al- though the League's alleged function is to prevent wars. If the United States had accepted | the mandate over Armenla, which the | League in 1919 wanted us to take and | which President Wilson wanted to ac- cept, we might have maintained an American Army in Armenia and fought battles with both Turkey and Soviet Russia, in defense of an ideal. But there are Americans who object to war, and especially protest against sending American _soldiers over the world to fight and die for an alien people, in a cause not affecting the United States, more than it does all civilization. * ok ok % Diplomatic recognition of a govern- ment is not condoning the wicked acts of that people. Wickedness must be met and overcome by good example and by missionary influences in the spirit of Christian principles; that is not the part of a Department of State, which deals, for national interests, ac- cording to international law and prac- tices of diplomacy. Our Christian missionaries in Tur- key feel that their work will prosper more safely when their Government | recognizes and holds responsible for their protection a government de facto of the bloody butchers with whom they are dealing at the risk of their lives. ‘By what power may the United States Government sit in judgment upon the morality of any other gov- ernment while no American suffers wrong? ‘Let him who is without sin cast the first stone!’ Let America—let Christendom—first _demonstrate the | high ideals of the Founder of Chris- tianity and take away the shame of the highest murder percentage of the world in time of peace before outlaw- ing ‘barbarous’ nations, untaught in the mercies and love of Christ.” Thus speak our missionaries. * kK K Immediately after the World War | Armenia was given the status of an independent nation, through a treaty made at Sevres in 1920, but Turkey refused to ratify it. When the Turk- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Oregon. Tt now carries the idea of an inferior horse. Q. Who is the B. T th Muse"?- A. This title is often applied to woman poets. Sappho was so desig. nated by Plato, who was the first to apply the phrase. Q. Was any one color popular wit Crecle ladies in early Louisiana ¢ A. Norman Walker says: tradiction to a very preva roneous helief that the Southern love bright colors, la Creola dr almost always in black being ve arge from frequent inter- marriages and the women going into mourning for even distant cousin they seldom appeared in anything but black. Q. What ma est playing field? A. Boston Era Field, Mass. Boston, Q. Whom did Princess Mafalda of marry?—I. . Princess Mafald ried _on September ince Philip of Hesse, in Rome, Her home is Q. Where was the city of Baby- he ancient site of the city is sented by the villages of Ku- wairish_and Jimjima on the eastern bank of the Euphrates and Sar the western bank. The exact loc is 32 degrees, 34 seconds utes north latitude and 44 degrees, minutes and 30 nds east Jon Q. How is borax formed”—P. B, A. Borax is an inorganic salt a is native where found. Tt is talline compound and the horax commerce is secured by refining the crude product. Take advantage of this free scrvice. 1 you are mot one of the thousands who have patronized the bureau since its establishment, we want you to start now. This is a service maintained for the benefit of the readers of The Eves ning Star, and we want you to_get wour share of benefit from it. Send wour questions to us. Inclose 2 cen in stamps for return postage. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic_J. Haskin, director, Wash= ingtén, D. C. BACKGROUND OF EVENTS BY PAUL V. COLLINS. In August, 1923, a treaty of amity and commerce was signed at Lausanne by the United States and Turkey, which treaty was ratified by the Grand National As- sembly by Turkey on the 23d of the same month. It has not been ratified by the United States Senate, howeve Following the adjournment of Co: gress, President Coolidge, through the State Department, established with Turkey a modus vivendi, giving that nation the rights of “the most favored nation.” Also we proposed an ex- change of Ambassadors, regardiess of senatorial postponement of action on a treaty. We have never been at war with Turkey. all the allies. 2nee 1t will be borne in mind that treaties are negotiated by the executive branch of Government, subject to later rati- fication of Congress; also diplomatic representatives appointed by the President during congressional recess serve without action of Congress un- til the close of the first session fol- lowing that act. Without _such reference to Congress the State Department may assign any of its regular foreign service officials to go to a country on special emer- gency business, and, while exercising all the power of an Ambassador, such official continues to serve at his former salary, perhaps that of a mere consul or secretary of legation, although be- coming in his mew duties a charge ‘affaires. That is executive only, Congress has nothing to do with it ¢ more than with the detailed as- nment of bureau chiefs in the De- partment of State. * ok K K In view of Mr. Gerard's contention that the act of the President in ex- changing Ambassadors with Turkey under the present conditions of no treaty is “unconstitutional,” it is to the point to cite history, as quoted in Moore’s International Law Digest, vol. 1, page 244: “January 1, 1819, a discussion took place in the cabinet of Monroe on a draft by Mr. Adams as Secretary of State of an instruction to Mr. Rush announcing the President's intention at no remote period to recognize the government of Buenos Aires. A ques- tion arose as to the form of recogni- tion. Mr. Crawford seid that it an acknowledgment was to take place he should prefer to make it, not by granting an_exequatur to a consul, but by sending a Minister there, hes cause the Senate must then act upon e nomination, which would give their sanction to the measure. Mr., Wirt added that the House of Repre- sentatives must also concur by as- senting to an act of appropriation. The President, laughing, said that as these hodies had the power of im- eachment it would be convenient to ave them thus pledged beforchand. Mr, Adams observed that his im- ions were altogether different. ‘I thought it not consistent with our national dignity,” said Mr. Adams, ‘to be the first in sending a Minister to A new power. It had not been done by any Furopear * * * Asto impeachment, I w ing to take my e of risk of it for this measure, whenever the Execu- tive should deem it proper. And in- stead of admitting the Senate or House of Representatives to any share in the act of recognition, I would ex- pressly avoid that form of doing it which would require the concurrence of those bodies. It was, I had no doubt, by our Constitution an act of the Executive authority. “‘Gen. Washington had exercised it in recognizing the French republic by the reception of Mr. Genet. Mr. Madison had exercised it by declining several years to receive. and by finally receiving. Mr. Onis; and in this in- stance I thought the Executive ought carefully to preserve entire the au- thority given him by the Constitution, and not weaken it by setting the precedent of making either house of Congress a party to an act which it was his exclusive right and duty to perform.” ** * X k% It seems to have been always con- ceded that the President, and not Congress (Article 11, section 2), “shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during a recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session George Ticknor Curtis, in his “Con- stitutional History of the United States” (vol. 1, page 582), says: “The Constitution seems to contem- plate Ambassadors, other public Min- isters and consuls, and judges of the Supreme Court, as officers to exist under the Constitution, whether pro- fon is or is not made by law for their appointment and functions. It is made the imperative duty of the | President to hominate and, with the consent of the Senate, to appoint them. Hence it has been supposed that the President can appoint a_for- eign Minister without waiting to have his particular office regulated or es- ish Nationalists came into power, in they scrapped that treaty of tablished by law; and as the President conducts the foreign intercourse of the country, he could prescribe the duties of such a Minister.” (Cobyrisht, 1097, by Paul V. Collins.)