Evening Star Newspaper, December 1, 1927, Page 35

——————— AFRICAN COUNTRY WILL FREE SLAVES British Protectorate Was Formerly Source of Amer- can Plantation Blacks. Sierra Leone, British protectorate on the.west coast of Africa, recently has taken legal steps to free all slaves now held within its borders. From this region came many of the slaves ©f American colonial times. “Sierra Leone was first explored by Portuguese navigators, who gave the region its name, which, translated into English. means ‘Lion Mountain,’ " says a bulletin from the National Geo- graphic Society. “No elevation on the coast resembles a lion in outline; it is thought that the name was bestowed because of. roaring tropical thunder- storms peculiar to the nefghborhood. Portuguese explorers left no perma- nent trace upon the coast. “Toward the end of the eighteenth century British philanthropists found- ed a colony there for the benefit of freed slaves. Many negroes were brought thither from various parts of America, as well as boatloads of cap- | rounding country. |and slave raids in the region Inter- | fered with a lucrative palm oil traffic. tives destined for the market, but seized before sale. These negroes, from various African tribes, called themselves Creoles following their stay in America, and their descend- ants clung to that name. The capital of the new colony was appropriately called Freetown. Creoles still form a superior class, many being leaders in business and the professions. Even the uneducated Creoles speak a sort of pidgin English and hold themselves above the natives. Supplies Soap Material. “During the nineteénth century British trade and influence gradually spread from the colony over the sur. Intertribal wars One by one treaties were negotiated with native chiefs until a region the size of the State of South Carolina was brought within British jurisdiction. This is the Protectorate of Sierra Leone, as distinguished from the | colony immediately surrounding Free- town. The protectorate extends about 180 miles inland from the coast and is bordered on the south by Liberia, and he other two sides by French- an possessions. It lles near the Squator, being on about the same parallel of north latitude as the mouth of the Orinoco in South America. “Palm oil and the palm kernel are leading exports, The palm trees do not have to be cultivated, so all the natives have to do is to gather the harvest an@ dispose of it to a trader. “Palm oil is extracted from the pulpy fruit, whose kernels, when treated in European or American fac- tories, also yield a valuable oil. These oils are used in the manufacture of soap and other products. The next export”of importance is the kola nub raised almost 2xclusively for the Afri- can trade, where it is widely chewed by the natives as a stimulant. What beer is to the Englishman and coffee to the Arab, the kola nut is to the African negro, and the best kola trees grow in Sierra Leone. Other exports are ginger, rubber, cacao, coffee and coconuts. Cotton goods, rum, gin, hardware and tobacco are among the leading imports. Superstition Holds Natives. “Of late years strides have been made in the protectorate. A railroad with branches and motor road connec- tiong has been pushed into the inte- rlor. A system of justice has been es- tablished, largely obliterating slave traffie, cannibalism and other dark practices. Some tribes are pagan and some Mohammedan, while Creoles are in the main Christian, but all appear to live together harmonlously. The power of the fetish is still strong in the land, however, and there are occa- sionally dark whisperings concerning practicés of native ‘secret societies,’ which hold weird meetings in the Jungle. “'Freetown is a thriving port of about 45,000 population. It is the chief British city'on the west African coast, though its inhabitants are large- ly Creole. The white portion of the community, for the most part, lives in a more healthful hill station six miles away. Large British industrial plants using Sierra Leonian raw products are now establishing depots in the protectorate. Madern influence is sup. planting fotmer wasteful habits of trade and agriculture with efficiency.” THE EVENING RTAR. WASHINGTON, \FISH REPLACES BEEF FOR ITALIAN SOLDIERY Army Officials Take Food From Sea to Improve Health of Men. Correspondence of the Associated Press. ROME.—The “goldfish” of the A. E. F. has become real fresh white- army, but the kitchen police have a stiffer job preparing the Italian ration because a can-opener is a useless tool in dressing fish right out of the Med- iterranean. ¢ Seeking ways to reduce expenses and to make soldiers healthier and happier, the Italian army authorities decided to serve fresh fish as a ration to all troops where the cost of trans- port is not too heavy. The experi- ment was started in the Rome bar- racks, where 11,885 fish rations were issued in the first two days, to the delight of the Italian doughboys. The fish replaces the regular beef ration. Commissary and medical de- partments believe that not only will the ration be cheaper, but that it will promote morale and give better liealth than a steady meat diet. . The swell fish can fill its body with water or air in balloon fashion, whicih makes it a difficult object for an ene- my to seize. D. C, THURSDAY. SAYS ONLY 20,000 HAVE RIGHT IN WHO’S WHO Robert Wilberforce Compiling Super Book With Aid of League of Nations Imstitute. Correspondence of the Assoclated Press. PARIS.—Of the 1,800,000,000 inhabi- | Pictures tants of the earth, 20,000 have a right ete. DECEMBER 1. America will furnish a large number of industrialists and bankers, France many artistic and literary figures, In- dia philosophers, Englan The first edition will be ready before the end of 192: The new Berlin library of moving picture books and magazines and pic- tures from films already contains 1,367 volumes in all languages and 20,000 1927 PLAT We specialize statesmen, - attention and satisfl BHIDGE WORK $6 & $8. GUAR. to be considered members of a world ! aristocracy of brains and achievement This is the opinion of Robert W fish in the kitchens of the Itallan |S! with the assistance of the League Nations Institute of Intellectual C operation. 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