Evening Star Newspaper, July 22, 1926, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR! ‘With Sunday Morning Edition. 2 WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY ...July 22, 1826 PCETTI R THEODORE W. The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St. and Pennaylvanis A Neg, York Offce: 110 Tast 20 Obicago Office: Tower Building. “Xuropean Office: 14 Rewent St.. London. Eogland. NOYES. .. .Editor he Evening Ster. with the Sunday morn- g edition. s delivered by carrigrs, wi hin the city at' 60 cents per month: daily only. 4B cents per month: Sunday only. 20 month. Orders mas, be sent by mail or hone Main 5000, Collection is made by er &t the end of eac month Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Iy and Sund: 1yr. Bally Su, Sonda: 4T 88 $tnday only .. T8¢ 30¢ mo. o8¢ 1yr.$3.00 1 mo All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sundar ! yr.$12.00:1mo. 81 é)ll only . Twr. S8.00:1mc. funday only 1y 76c i $4.00; 1 mo.. ~Member of the Associated Press. “THe Associated Press is exclusivaly entitled 15 the use for repahlication 2 All news dis- DPatches credited to it or not otherwise cred- ited in this paper and also the local news published herein. _All richts of publication of special dispatches herein aro also reserved s = Towa Not in Revolt. Yesterday's proceedings at Des Motnes, in the Republican State con- vention, will necessitate a material shift in the Democratic calculations. Heretofore much reliance has been placed by the leaders of the opposition party to the disaffection of the agricul- tural States toward the administration. Towa in particular, though for years a rock-ribbed Republican stronghold, has been considered as the center of revolt against the Republican party for its failure thus far to administer what has come to be known as relief to the farmer. High anticipations were entertained of a general over- turn in the coming congressional elec- tions, perhaps resulting in a Damo- cratic House and possibly even a Dem- ocratic Senate in the next Congress. | Yesterday at Des Moines harmony prevailed in the Republican conven- tion. Factions buried their hatchets, voiced approval of all candidates chosen at the June primary, restored to full party standing former Senator Brookhart, again a nominee, and com- mended the National and State admin- istrations. 1t was a veritable “love feast.” 1 The most significant feature of m«; proceedings at Des Moines was the in- | dorsement of President Coolidge, whose name was the only one in- cluded in the resolutions. This in- dorsemen: was based upon the recog- nition of the economies in government effected by him. and the consequent tax reductions which have so greatly rélieved the burden resting upon the sfoulders of the American people. “In ail calculations for 1928, whether by Republican aspirants for the nomi- tion or by Democrats who hope for a relurn to power through u divided Republican party, much has been made of the fact that President Cool- idge has stood steadfastly in opposi- tion 10 pricefixing legislation for the relief of agriculture. But not enough has been made of the fact that he stands before the people of this cous- | try as the advocaie and the practicer of constructive economy and as the cause, therefore, of tax reduction. His strength today with the people lies in that fact, and it is especially signifi- cant that the lowa Republicans, who 2 few months ago were “all shot to pleces” from the point of view of party organization, are united in his tndorsement Farm relisf was Gemanded by the | Towa convention. Equality for agri- ‘eulture in respect to tariff provisions was stated to be the Republican policy, 1o be carried into effect by “the en- actment of legislation which will per- mit the establishment of an American price level for agricultural products above the world price level, just as the | protective tariff accomplishes that ve. | sult for manufactured products.” { The difficulty of working out legisia tion to thiy effect is not to be denied. Congress has rejected price-fixing as a remedy. A new Congress elected in the Fall may turn to that measure, al- though there remains the probability of a presidential veto for any such bill. There is time to seek a formula which | will apply the protective t princi- | pie to agricultural products to effect | the result demanded By the Towa plat. | form. In view of the political exi- | sencies of 1928, there is reason to be- | lieve ‘that such a Yormuls will be found. Meanwhile Democratic hopes | of a wide Republican split in the agri- | cultural States this Fall and later are quite definitely diminished by the Des | Moines proceedings r—om Perhaps the only importance 1o be | drawn from the cabaret clashes be. tween American visitors and Paris| students that voung men should! not be permitted to remain out so late ! at night. 1 e — The farmer demands relief. All, clusses of citizenship are demanding relief of some kind. The farmer has at least the satisfaction of knowing that his voice is being heard above the others | | ———s The Drama in France. Sudden and dramatic changes are occurring in France 8s the franc falls in exchange value, as ministries dis- soive, form and reorganize. and as the Parisian multitude manifests impa- | tience with *he unconstructive politi- | cal maneuvers” of the houf. There | have been three premiers within a week-—Briand, Herriot ang now Poin- care, the last named having been com- missioned last night by President Doumergue to*form a‘ national min- istry. Primarily the trouble in France is that there is no adequate political or- ®anfzation. 1In the absence of the two- party system, or even a three-party system, there is no assured parlia- mentary support fér a government. Combinations are formed of groups of Iegislative factors and factions a4 when the stress comes over issues the lack of a sustaining major.. downfall. In this country the dominant politi- g party. whether right. or wrong, can carry throuzh a nationa! administra- UL ! sacrifices tion for at least two years, if not for four. It rarely happens that a Fed- eral administration fails of legislative support, and then on immaterial mat- ters. Stability is thus assured, where- as in the muiti-party countries, such as France and Germany, and to some extent in England, ministerial, which means governmental, changes are fre- quent and sometimes disastrous. That France will survive these trou- bles is assured. National bankruptey will not occar even though in the re- organization of the currency the franc a8 a currency unit may be given an arbitrary new valuation. In other ‘or | words, the franc as now expressed as & monetary term may fall to zero, to be replaced by a new unit. But the national government, the political or- ganization, will survive. Only revolu- tion can alter if, and revolution is not now within vision. ——e— The Master Builder. ‘Washington A. Roebling, whose death at the age of eighty-nine oc- curred yesterday, was known to two generations as the “builder of the Brooklyn Bridge.” Few of the pres- ent generation, however, knew the full meaning of that phrase, or under- stood the precise relation of Col. Roebling to the work that first linked ths city of New York with neighboring territory. Il i, for in- stance, not generally recalled now that his father, John A. Roebling, the first of the family to come to America from Germany, was himself a noted designer and constructor of viaducts and aqueducts. He did his first work of thls kind in 1844-45, at Pittsburgh, a little later four suspen- sion aqueducts for the Delaware Canal, and in 1851 he constructed the rail- road bridge across the Niagara River below the Falls, then the largest work of its kind and reckoned as one of the wonders of the world. Other works of a similar nature followed, with the son Washington aiding and qualify- ing as an expert. ‘When the elder Roebiing was given the commission to bridge the Kast River with what svould be the longest span in the world the son went to Eu- 10pe, and for a veur studied in Eng- lund, France and Germany on the sub- Ject of pneumatic caissons. 'The knowledge he thus gained enabled him to carry through to a triumphant completion a work that suddenly fell upon him to supervise, when his fa- ther, shortly after the start on the great undertaking, died of an injury received in his own supervision of the preparatory construction. Realizing that in the underground and under- water work lay the real test of suc- cess, Washington Roebling spent much of his time in the caissons and thereby incurred the disability that became known as the ‘‘caisson dis- ease,” caused by the extrewmely high air pressure maintained in these sunken compartments. He was pari- 1y disabled for a long time. but from a wheel chair continued his detailed supervision and personally prepared countless plans and specifications for the operation. The Brooklyn Bridge sacceeded the Niagara Bridge as a “‘world wonder." Roebling was acclaimed as a master engineer. His fame became interna- tional. That he survived many years the disabilities that crippled him early in that great work and participated in numerous other enterprises was in it- self one of the wonders of the time Meanwhile the East River has been spanned by other bridges, greater in dimensions than the first to cross that strearn. But the dream of the Roeb lings for the spanning of the North River with an even greater bridge has not been realized. It was known that Col. Roebling aspired to undertake this forbidding enterprise Those who use these seemingly frail viaducts, suspended high over mighty rivers by slender cables spun over towering abutments, are seldom aware | of the extremely difficuit and danger- | ous work that lies hidden, or of the that attended its accom- plishment. During the course of the construction there is iittle surface in- dication of the drama that is being enacted below ground or under water, the desperate fight against heavy odds, the shori-spanned toil of gangs | of “sand hogs” in air pressures that must be approached by degrees through graduating chambers, the in- cessant danger of collapse of the mighty caissons driving steadily down- | ward under the weight of accurnulat ing masonry, the possibility of en- countering strata of soft material ad mitting the water in overwhelming quantities. ew realize the intensity of the anxiety of those concerned in such a work. Washington A. Roeb- ling, gallantly following his father after the senior had fallen a victim to his profession, carried through such a work, and to him and his suc- cess may be attributed countless im- provements that followed, that have contributed incalculably to the advan- tags of the American people. e — Communities which exclude the study of evolution from the schools will make life easier for students who were formerly compelled to struggle with Herbert Spencer's definition of it us “an integration of matter and 4 concomitant dissipation of motion, ete.” It took forty vears for Spencer to explain what he eant. It is #mall wonder that the popular intel- ligence is still struggling. in more or less asperity, with the subject. ——— A Foreign Criticism. A’ lady-in-waiting to the Queen of Spain is reported having said, “I wouldn't - mind. having my daughter marry an American boy, but I wouldn't want my son to marry an American girl." She said that an American makes a good husband, but that the American girl does too much gadding and not enough home-making. This matter may be worthy of discussion while the weather is hot, Congress not in session. the Fall elections three months off. and the home team in fifth place. The men of America bow an ac- knowledgment of the compliment the lady makes them. It is just praise. They believe they are good husbands. Some of them may be a trifle late get- ting home to dinner because of press- ing at the offica,. Some. 2 may stay out a little later at night than is absolutely necessary because of a sick friend or an initiation at the lodge. But they are fairly dependable in meeting the monthly payments on the home, in fnsking the grocer feel that he will get his money some time, and in holding off foreclosure proceed- ings on the ca The Spanish lady says, "I wouldn't mind having my daughter marry an American boy.” That.is kind and con- siderate, but before closing the bar- gain the American boy would like to have a look at the senorita. “But,” oontinues the lady, I wouldn't want my son to marry an American girl." Here is a vemark that hurts. So many grandees, hidai- 80s, vicomtes and dukelings, out of a regular job and in need of a meal ticket, have sought the hand of the American girl! She has been a good wife and her Dad has been a generous father-in-law. The Spanish lady's charge that the American girl does not make a good wife s scandalous. She makes the best of wives. Every brave and faithful American husband will hurl back the charge that the American girl does not make a good wife.. No matter what he thinks about it, he dare not say it. The American girl is not exa what used to be called “domestic.” She does not use much time in put- ting up preserves, making hot biscuit, knitting quilts, crocheting tidies for the chair backs and weaving cloth to make suits for the husband, the kids and all the servants, but she has a way of making the slim and delicate contents of the pay envelope do more for the family than many a man can. Too many husbands lose their self-con- trol when paid off. In spite of what the Spanigh lady says, a great many American ‘men are going 1o continue their custom of asking American Rirls to marry them. st World politics is not engaging the attention of really serious statesman- ship in France at this moment. There are domestic problems sufficient to command all the political and eco- (nomic talent available. The need of wisdom and sincerity is great and no country will fail to wish success for the efforts to form a satisfactory cab- inet. - Students of conditions in the West find that President Coolidge is not only holding his own. but gaining in popularity. A reliable popularity is not attained by a few spectacular demonstrations, but must be based on @ knowledge of the man after ob. servation through many tests R Warm weather does not check the enthusiasm of Summer visitors to the Nation's Capital. When cities near and far are sweltering, this one has at least the advantage of presenting innumerable points of interest which easily serve to take the mind off the thermometes. O There was general disappointment st night when the weather fore- caster could not produce the sched- uled relief and was compelied 1o give out rain checks -—om o The police bave evidently decided that it is time to take & hand and prevent a newsstand from leoking like a coliection of French comic pa pers ———— The corn belt is inclined to assert itself as an equal political antagonist to the “Tenderloin” in New York or ““T'he Loop™ in Chicago. B ) We used (o learn our A B Cs. Now we learn the letters pertaining to the various radio stations. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Eternal Inconsistency. Oh, do vou remember, back there in November, When icicles started to grow, How sadly we stated in tones sorrow- freighted, “We now must be shoveling snow!” We smile as we ponder—for Winter's out yonder, Where earth in go. We say all ecstatic—we're just that erratic— ‘Some day we'll be shoveling snow!” Gratitudes. are proverbially its sky trip must “Republics grateful. “In the light of history,” answered Senator Sorghum. ‘“‘the eriticism strikes me as unjust. I've read of a number of men who didn't hesitate to take zood money from a patient re- public and never give in return a thing worth mentioning.” un- Irrationality. It is now the silly season When we weary of the heat, And we're looking for some reason To dislike each one we meet. Although the hot wave found us All suffering just the same, ‘We each will look around us And pick out some one to blame. Jud Tunkins *says there are two things ther's no use arguing with: a thermometer and a traffic signal. Modest Aspiration. “Why do you insist on becoming a radio announce: “I have decided,” answered Mr. Meekton, “that I want a chance to say a few things, however non-com- mittal. under circumstances that won't permit Henrietta to have the last word.” Foolish Poetry. ver mind the weathes We sang it long ago, Till we lost our second tenor 'Cause a sunstroke laid him low. “Never mind the weather:" Oh, let the matter rest! Of all the foolish poems That was the foolishest! “'Times ain't like dey used ro be,” isaid Uncle Eben. “De streets is so full of automobile horns dat dar don't seem scarcely. no room foh a bra: band. - THIS AND THAT - BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. In the year 1837 one of America’s great thinkers wrote in his journal: ‘‘Yesterday in the wood I followed the fine humblebee with rhymes and fancies fine. The humblebee and pine- "warblei* seem to me the préper objects of attention in these disastrous times.” Just what was worrying Ralph Waldo Emerson about the state of the times we do not remember, and the world has long forgotten, having been immersed in other troubles since. But the humblebees (which we rather prefer to call bumblebeas) are with us yet, s is the poem written about them. Hundreds of them hum their way in and out the flowers in Esstee Alley gardens, and in countless other gar- dens, so that all who see and hear may appreciate Emerson’s poem: THE HUMBLEBEE. Buriy, dozing humblebee, Where thou art is clime for me. Let them sail for Porto Rigue, Far-off heats through seas to seek; 1 will follow thee alone, Thou animated torrid-zone! Zigzag steerer, dearest cheerer. Let me chase thy waving lines: Keep me nearer, me thy hearer, Singing over shrubs and vines. Insect lover of the sun, Joy of thy dominion! Sailor of the atmosphere: Swimmer through the waves of air; Voyager of light and noon; Epicurean of June; Walit, 1 prithee, till I come Within earshot of thy hum. All without is myrtyrdom. When the south wind, in May days, With a net of shining haze Silvers the horizon wall, d with softness touching all, ts the human countenance With a color of romance, And infusing subtle heats, Turns the sod to violets, Thou, in sunny solitudes, Rover of the underwoods, The green silence dost displace With thy yellow, breezy bass. Hot midsummer’s petted crone, Sweet to me thy drowsy tone Tells of countless sunny hours. Long days and solid banks of flowers: Of gulfs of sweetness without bound In Indian wilderness found: Of Syrian peace, immortal leisure. Firmest cheer, and bird-like pleasuve. Aught unsavory or unclean Hath my insect never seen But violets an\ldb&llfil‘l",\' belis, Maple sap and daffodels, m-n';s wll‘;l green flag half-mast high, Succory to match the sky, Columbine with horn of honey Scented fern, and agrimony. Clover, catchfly, adder’s-tongue. And brier-roses, dwelt among. All beslde was unknown waste, All was picture as he passed Wiser far than human seer, Yellow-breeched philosopher! Seeing only what is fair, Stpping only what is sweet. Thou dost mock at fate and care. Leave the chaff and take the wheat When the flerce northwestern blast (C'ools sea and land so far and fast, Thou already slumberest deep BY PAUL “Plebiscite!” That is a mighty word! [t means “an expression of the popular will on a given matter of ic interest by means of a vote of the whole peopl: It has as its foundation the expression of the will of the.masses—the “plebs.” Where the “plebs” are not intelligent encugh nor free enough o express an intel ligent and unhampered opinion upon the question. there cannot be a gen: uine “‘plebiscite.” The Senate of the Philippine gov- ernment has again voted for a plebisvite upon the question of inde pendence from the United States. There appears no doubt that the As- sembly or “House” will cast a simi lar vote, but Gov. Gen. Wood vetoed the act in the last session of the Con- gress on the ground that such a mat {ter is not within the province of the | Philippine Congress to discuss or to | vote upon. In addition, the question arises among those who know the condi tions in the Philippines as to how | there could be a real plebiscite—even if the United States Congress,. with the approval of the President, sHould jauthorize it. For it is alleged that only 6 per cent of the population of the Philippines had all political and financial power, and that 94 per cent are practically cowed peons with no treedom of action uncontrolled by the caciques. who are the money lenders | and political bosses. It is alleged that {all agitation for Philippine indepen |ence at present—or until the “taos, or peasants, hecome educated and ca- pable-of participating in the local gov- ernment—is simply a step toward ab- solute enslavement of the taos by the { money lenders. This is quite apart from the menace of other nations— Japanese, for instance—in aggression and ultimate capture of the islands. * ke In a very careful review of the Philippine conditions, by Katherine Mayo, In her book, “Isles of Fear,” the writer relates one instance of the usurious extortion of the cacique money lenders, by which they hold the entire tao population in subjec- tion: “A man, nine years ago, bor- rowed 90 pesos ($45) from a cacique. Having paid 1,400 pesos ($700)) in the interval, he still owes 1,600 pesos ($800). She further relates an experience of Gov. Gen. Wood (who is a surgeon by profession) when he made an un- announced inspection, and appeared suddenly in the doorway of a room filled with lepers awaiting deporta- tion to Leper Island. He was recog- nized by a young girl in that crowd- ed “hell,”” and she sprang forward, falling at his feet, and proclaimed that she was not a leper, but had been seized on the order of a cacique, be- cause her father, a tao, had.offended him. She begged Gov. Wood to save her from the vengeance of the tyrant. It is argued that, under such condi- tions of subserviency of the masses to the control of the few, the time is not ripe for a plebiscite, much less inde- pendence of the islands. But to in- dorse that idea does not involve any modification of the plan of eventual independence, for when President Coolidge rendered his decision in 1924 completely upholding the administra- tion of Gov. Gen. Wood against the charges made by Special Commis- sioner Manuel Roxas, the President added: “If the time comes when it is ap- parent that it would be better for the people of the Philippines, from the point of view both of their domestic concerns and their status in the world, and if when that time comes, the Filipino people desire complete independence, it is not possible to doubt that the American Government and people will gladly accord it.” * k x 'The whole question, politically, rests upon the development, educatively l | peoples, as to when the question of in- aependence will be considered. It does not rest with the caciques, but rather with the masses. The Philippine Con- gress was never given any authority whatever to discuss major questions of sovereignty mnor of foreign rela- tions. The organic act established a government after the general order of territorial government, wif th general and in self-government, of the native | Woe and want thou canst outsleep; ‘Want and woe, which torture us, Thy sleep makes ridiculous. * ok ok % Because Emerson was a wise man first and a poet afterward, his natural history is a little better than that to be found in many poems. Friends of bumblebees will recog- nize that the sage of Concord had his facts about these species of the genus Bombus (evidently from ¢t same root as the word “bombastic’ essentially correct. The bumblebee is a true bee, its name being derived from the old ‘English bumblen, to make a hum- ming noise. There are said to be 650 species in North America. Even children recognize it by its large thick hairy body ‘and bass hum. “Humblebee” is its poetic title, evi- dently, for we have never heard a human belng outside a book call it 8o, therefore we stick to bumble- bee, which has the fullest sanction of Webster's. There is a legend that each colony of bumblebees has a trumpeter bee, whose duty it is to rouse the nest at 8 or 4 a.m. to the supreme work of gathering pollen. This latter duty falls to the workers, or small females. The two remaining classes are the females (queens) and the males, or drones. One scientist counted the kinds of bees in a colony of 120 individuals and found the proportion as follows: 25 females, |36 drones and 59 workers. Cold weather kills 1 except a few of the true females. The queen bee, therefore, is the only sort to outsleep woe and want, as Emerson puts it. She slumbers deep be- | neath leaves or moss until Spring, | when she arises and collects pollen |and honey. This is why one sees \only a few bumblebees at first. In this mass of food she deposits a few eggs. She is, indeed, the mother of her race. Of the first brood she permits only the workers to sur- vive ‘These go through larva and puj stages. The mother bee then Jays some more eggs and this time) the males or drones are permitted to live. During the month of July eggs are lald in the queen cells. The voung queens are fertilized Ly the drones in Autumn, the cold blasts then kill- both workers and males. Thus nature carries on her mysterious | economies, the queen being left in possession of the nest, ready to sleep through the Winter, until the cycle resumes in Spring This is the month of the bumble- bee. All day long in the sun he buzzes across the garden, darting with impunity past mere humans, defying | them with his ferocious drone as of |motor. He will lazily waft himself jinto a gladiolus bloom while vou are bent to see it and boldly walk far Iback until he is lost to sight. As | big as he is, the bumblebee is not heavy, for he does pot cause the most | fragile flower to bend beneath his weight. When his colony is large he becomes somewhat of a nuisance in the garden, but we would not will- ingly part with him and his curfous brothers and sisters. ing BACKGROUND OF EVENTS autonomy over local affairs, subject to the supervision and direction of the governor general. The American Gov- ernment is on record on general prin- ciples as to when and how it will consider independence, vet no Con- gress can establish a. policy for future Congresses, and “‘new conditions bring new duties.” i 1n 1903, when' Willlam Howard Taft was governor general of the Philip- pines, he declared: “W hether an auton omy or independence shall ultimately follow in these islands ought to d - upon the question. Is it e 5 0 people and their as Secretary of Taft opened the Philippine Assembly. and said: “The policy looks to the improvement of the peo ple industrially and in self-governing capacity. As this policy of extending control continues, it must logically re duce and finally end the sovereignty of the United S:ates in the islands, unless it shall seem wise to the Amer- ican and Filipino peoples that the bond shall not be completely severed.” President Roosevelt in his 1908 mes- ze {0 Congress said T trust that within a gen the time will come when the Filipinos can decide for themselves whether it is well for them to become independ- ent or to continue under the protec- tion of a strong and independent power, able to guarantee the islands’ order at home and protection against foreign invasion.” In a preamble to the Jones act passed by a Democratic Senate in 1916, a recital was made of the fact that we did not r with Spain for the purpose of territorial aggrandize- ment, that we have alwavs intended to grant the Philippines Independence a4 goon ag a stable government can be_ established. But. in spite of the organic act, G ignored official i Secretary of War, Newton Baker, that he should construe the act strictly and to allow no further Filipino encroachment upon the powers left to the American Govern- ment, and he signed some 80 ac tending to curtail American so ereignty. With the native Assemb! thus almost free to carry on. the country was nearly bankrupt, when, in 1921, Gov. Gen. Wood took charge The National Bank of Manila failed for $37,000,000. One of the first acts under Gen. Wood was the issue of $40,000,000 of bongds, which sum was absolutel nece: r to keep the government from collapse. All the bonds were subscribed in the United States—not a dollar by Filipinos, al though special efforts were made to interest native investors. Today there is great demand for land for rubber plantations. The Phil- ippines could supply enough suitable rubber land to grow half of the rub- ber used in America and we use three- quarters of the rubber of the world. Such a development would give em- ployment to all the labor that the population could supply. But no in- vestors would dare risk such a long- time enterprise without assurance that it would have long-time security with stable Government protection: This is one of the “new conditions” which “bring new duties” in connec- tion with the problem of peimanency of American control of the islands. ‘While great advance has been ac- complished in the education of the peagant population since the Ameri- can control began, it is charged that the industrial development has been handicapped all the tithe by the un- certainty of our continued sovereign- ty, thus j of security. opponents of immediate independence that while the people are divided be- tween 6 per cent caciques anad 94 per cent peasants, the latter are fur- ther split up by numerous tribal sep- arations involving more than 50 lan- guages and dialects, which keep them from union of their own numerical strength. We are teaching all to speak Knglish. so that, in another decade or so, tribal separations will be less formidable and the sense of unity | will be felt among the masses. Then | indeed there might be a real plebi- 6; : ’ sci P w-mn\ (.~1926. by Paul V. Callins.). e War, Mr. tion | | i spirit of that Harrison | mana killing City Gateways Urged. | Linking of Large Communi!ies] by Fine Highways Urged. To the Editor of The Star: In former times cities had w: and gates. Modern cities have neither walls nor gates. But every modern city should have gateways, entrance ways—highways giving good en- trance into the city. | One of the larger needs of the City of Washington is gateways and real highways leading to those gateways from distant places. In this w provision should be made for easy approach and entry to the city from all directions. This means that as many such gateways as js feasible should %e provided. The more gate- ways, the less distance to be traveled and the less congestion in the gate- wa; Have we at present any entrance to the city that can be called a real gateway which may be reached by one of meveral real highways? In ad- dition to having connection with real highways leading to the city, such a gateway should have good connection “"‘lth streets and avenues within the city Every such gateway should not be bordered by unsightly ureas. On the contrary, everything to be seen along such a gateway should be pleasing, harmonious and dignified. Every such gateway should have approaches as nearly direct and continuous as local conditions allow. Those ap- proaches should not be engular nor circuitous and confusing. ‘The highways leading to these gate- ‘ways should be the best that can be designed and constructed to afford connection between Washington and nearby cities within a range of 50 or 00 miles. Such connection made with cities like Fred- Richmond, e, the upper Shenandoah Valley, ‘Winchester and Harpers Ferry. Washington need not be concerned with highways leading beyond the points mentioned, for dmilar highways should lead from those points to other centers. If centers are thus eonnected through- out the entire comntry, there will be good highway communication from ‘Washington 1o all parts of the United States. Then we shall have a Nation-wide network of super- highways. Then long-distance high- ways, extending from ocean.to ocean ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS Q. Where 18 Mills College?—K. G. A. It is in Oakland, Calif. Tt is a college for women, which was founded {in 1885, How is the word libido used”— 1t is used as a single word to express the emotional craving or wish psychiatrists believe to be behind all human activities, the repression of which leads to psychoneurosis. Q. What is the significance of the expression “Parthian shot”?’—C. G. A. The Parthians were a warlike people whe specialized in shooting ar- rows on _ horseback. Descending at top speed upon the enemy they de- livered their darts and dashed on, turning to send arrows as they de- parted. A Parthian shot has come to mean a parting verbal dart aimed to be received but not returned. Q. Is it true that the walking leaf fern spreads by the leaves bending o and taking root”—A. W A. The fronds do arch over until they touch the earth where they root and form new plants. Some other ferns occasionally produce plants in this way, but in this specles it is a settled habit. The new plants grow up, repeating the process of walking and soon the original plant is sur- rounded by quite a colony of its own oftspring without the intervention of spores. 'The connections between them are slow to die, and it is not unusual to see three or four genera- tions linked together. Q Why are vikings so called?— means a fiord or inlet, ngs were the “inlet men" from the deep inlets of the Scandina vian coast Q. Who was the firs come a Pope s A. Gregory 1, a follower of Bene- dict, made Pope in 590, was the first monk to hold this high position. Q. How well 1 the average person supposed to hear’—T. M. A. The usual hearing standard is ability to distinguish words spoken in a low volce at a distance of 50 feet. Q. monk to be What is a tontine agreement?— or from northern border to southern border, will not ba needed, and they should have no place in effort at high- way development When a Ifbrary - building or e school building or a cathedral is 1o be erected, the people do not meet to draw plans and specifications for-the building. they are not competent to perform @ task. A real major highway connecting two cities is a civic matter of many times larger importance than the designing and erection of a school bullding, a library building or a cathedral. ch a highway connec ing two citles is of very large and econom importance for present and the long future. Locating such a gateway by of interested people assembled at places in the region involved good way to make such location wrong. At present there is discussion by the people in local neighborhoods in effort to locate & highway te lead from the south end of the Memorial Bridge, which is to extend across the Potomae River from the Lincoln Memorial to the Arlington shore. It is quite clear that a real highway should lead from that bridge into Virginia and make good connection leading to Mount Ver- ksburg, Charlottesville, the upper Shenandoah Winchester and Harpers s al the In locating this gatew. connec tion with these other places should be taken into considera‘ion Connection with Bridge and Key Bridge should also be considered. Should there not be at or near the location of the present Chain Bridge a large bridge at a level high enough to avoid the C‘anal road and the steep grades and short turns on the Vir- ginia sh This m: s a larger problem than merely lay a road in local county. Interest in this problem is {not limited to one or two suburban | fluence lasts areas lying near the Memorial Bridge. This is a matter of interest 1o the City of Washington, the State of Vir ginia, the State of Maryland and the entire Nation. It will be to the advantage of Washington and Vir- ginia and Maryland and all of the tion to have ‘this entrance or gate- way to Weashington made the best that can be made—of best location and design That result cannot meetings of people in nearby local areas, It is well that such people ex- press their views. But this important task needs the co-operation of dis- interested and experienced technical persons representing the State of Vir- i the City of Washington and be attained by CYRUS KEHR. e Bell Got Phone Idea From Medical Book To the Editor of The Star ecent issue of ' an article on Alexander G and the telephone. Here is another! During the trial several years ago, about a suit gt the Capitol, Bell said he got the idea of the telephone from & medical book, but had forgotten where. 1 attended the trial. and some weeks after went to a sale of old books, when I bought a few. Among them was a copy of “Warren's House- hold Physician,” 1861, and in an ar- ticle on the human ear was a picture of a receiver very much resembling the telephone. I took the book to Prof. Bell's resi- dence. He being out of the city, I left it and my address. Upon his return he wrote to me, saying that was the book he was in quest of, and inclosed a check for $25. This is no doubt where Graham Bell got his first idea of the wonderful telephone. JOSEPH 1. KEEFER S S Qualifications for Office. From the Oakland Tribune. At the convention of the Illinois League of Women Voters the other day, Mrs. Lottie Holman O'Neill, who is described as llinois’ veteran feminine legislator,” declared that at the next election she hopes for a woman candidate in every district in the State. For the enlightenment of possible candidates, women who have already won success at the polls in various apacities, ranging from city ,(rustee to the State legislature, told of the vharacteristics necessary for women lnAp lic life. is good, sometimes essential, O'Neill held. So is a “bit of legal training.” A university education is also helpful. The one kind of train- a woman should not have, she d, is a political training, for ‘“a ‘woman put up by the political boss is more dangerous than, & man run by the bosses.’ The fundamental qualifications for public office, she further re high principles and the courage to stand by them. She must also be able to withstand flattery and not have her head turned when some politician, with strategy. sayvs to her: ‘You're one woman in 10,000." " et Needs an Outlet. From the Baltimore Evening Sun. Maybe if America had a lot of aham Bell Mrs. le teuritory she would do less Usually people know that | vote, is a| ttle bit" of business experience | s A. This is an arrangement by which a group of persons share certain | benefits or moneys on such terms that {in the_event of the death or defauit | of one or more members these sha {are divided among the | members, until one person | whole amount or advantage. has the In most l | BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. modern Insurance {ontines the whola goes to those remaining in the group on the expifation of -the tontine Period Q. How far was it from Babylon to Jerusalem—the route the exiled Jews took to return from.captivity?—M. T. A. The Jews, contrary to general supposition, were not settled after the captivity entirely in the city of Baby lon, but In the country of Babylomis. a large part of whaich is now known &s Mesopotamia. The distance the; traveled in their return to Jerusaler:, therefore, was be'ween 500 and 700 miles. Q. When will the Fourth of July come on Sunday again?—A. J. A. It will fall on Sunday the next time in 1937. Q. When were military decorations hr!‘!‘lwlrded in the United States?— C. M. A. The first medal given by the United States Government was a gold one, awarded to George Washington to commemorate the evacuation of Boston, March, 1776 Q. win E. L. R. A. The Bureau of Plant Industry says that oats will not turn to cheat Cheat is a weed and a separate plant from the oat. Q. In what State are the greatest number of telephones to be found?— F.B. J. A. In 1922 New York was first with Tllinois and Pennsylvania followed with 1,283,449 and 1,085.657, respeetively. oats turn to cheat?” Q. Please indicate the stages of de velopment of the modern pianoforte. A RE A. An article distributed by the Aeolian Co. savs: “The technical de velopment of the modern piar advanced through these stage: monochord. clavicytherium, chord, spinet and harpsichord. The answers to guestions printed here each day are specimens picked from the mass of inquiries handled by the great information bureaw main- tained by The Evening Etar in Wash- ington, D. C. This valuable service is for the free use of the public. Ask any question of fact yow may want to know and you will_get an immediate reply. Write plainly, inclose 2 cents in stamps for veturn postage, and ad- dress The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director Washington. D. C. The dedication of Monticello, his. toric home of Thomas Jefferson, to the people of the Nation is made the occasion for glowing tributes to his ability as a leader in the cause of freedom. Significance also is attached to the fact that his death occurred on the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, of which he was the author. His vision of the future of the country is cred- ited to an unusual capacity as a stu- dent in the realm of political philoso. s long as political liberty, re- ligious liberty and intellectual liberty | continue to exist th any corner of the land,’ ms the Baltimore Evening Sun, ‘Jefferson stlil survives. He does i The twin ‘passions that the passion for and the passion for truth and never wer Men of the intellectual and moral temper of Jefferson have never constituted a majority in any nation. They have always stood out conspicuously against the mass of | mediocrities, and their power is due, | not to their numbers, but to the ca: | of ordinary men to respond, without _knowing w! to tness. The leader exists in and as long as his in- he continues to live. | Freedom_ and truth are able to stir | some men with a reflection of the i flate that they lighted in the heart | of Thomas Jefferson. The number of such men may not be great, but they exist, and their existence guarantees perpetuation of the fame of Jeffer- son | h L S T “At last, after years of effort,” s the Greensboro Record. “the home of Thomas Jefferson, on a mountain in Albemarle County. Va.. one of his greatest creations, has been acquired by the people of the Republic he played such a large part in founding, | and has been dedicated as a national shrine, the common heritage of the people. It was from this lofty retreat | where, apart from the world. this great constructive thinker labored {and wrought; that he had to flee when Col. Tarleton and his raiders suddenly and unexpectedly ascended to it in a well planned effort to capture the arch-rebel during the Revolution. | was from Monticello that Jeffer drove to Philadelphia for the f Continental Congress, where was sented and proclaimed the Ame Magna Charta and to it he returned when he had served his country as Chief Magistrate for eight years, and on his principles and statecraft founded s politics now known as the Deme- ratic party. Monticello will indeed be a shrine worthy of perpetuation for its own sake, but pre-eminently so for the history there enshrined.” “The more his career is studied,” according to the Syracuse Herald, “the more his capacious and versatile in- tellect is admired. He shone in multi- ple roles—as patriot, statesman, pio- neer of democracy, constructive work- er, brilliant writer, social philosopher, public educator, expert husbandman, skilled musician, connoisseur of art. The settled verdict of history, we be- lieve. is that of all the immortal lead- ers of the people in the revolutionarv struggle and the Nation's earliest de- velopment, he was entitled to_rank second to Washington and to Wash- ington alone.” The Bangor Dail Commercial further remarks that “it is no discredit to the glorious memory of our first national hero, George Washington, to give credit to Jefferson as the most accomplished man of his day. Later, in the position of Presi- dent, he demonstrated again and again his fine ability as a safe, thoughtful and far-seeing statesman. We do well as a Nation to honor the memory of the illustrious founder, on the shaft above whose grave at Monticello_are inscribed the words, ‘Here was buried Thomas Jefferson, author of the Dec- laration ef Independence,’ a title to i mortality,” concludes the Commercial. Lo e “He, more than any other man, has been and is ‘the light of America, the tribute of the Chattanooga Times, ‘which holds that “it is not putting it too strongly to say that this country will never go far wrong so longhas its people continue to remember and hon- or Jefferson and adhere to the great principles which he taught. He was the incarnation of the spirit of liberty and representative government. There were many men in Jefferson’s day,” continues the Times, ‘“who were ready I to die for liberty insofar as that word | signified political independence. But ! the author of the Declaration of Tn- | dependence went further than that. He hore the torch of individual politi- | cal liberty and of individual freedom | of thought and conscience.” The Pasa- |dena Star-News adds that “if Thomas fferson had done nothing more than, Araft ghe Independ- 1 j(_afi'érson I~ App As Great American Builder . Co raised ence that alone would have entitied him to place in the Hall of Fame." In the opinion of the Passaic Dailv Herald, “public documents and expres sion achieve immortality either b cause of their effect upon world his t like the Magna Charta, or be ause they state great truths suc cinctly and masterfully, like Lincoln s Gettysburg address. The Declaration is imperishable for both reasons.” The Omaha World-Herald finds cause for comment in the fact that Jefferson be lieved implicity in the ability of the people to rule themselves,” and the Waterloo Tribune holds that “to him must belong the honor of having beer | the greatest political philosopher of his {day, if not of all time,” while tk Hartford Times pays the tribute tha “to forget that Jefferson was a liber: and never a doctrinaire radical is to miss the point of his life and place in our early national existence.” “Thomas Jefferson did in life,” the Huntington Advertiser states, “any_one of which ought to give him rank among the immortals ef history. He wrote the Declaration of Independence, drafted the Virginia statute on religious freedom and found- ed the University of Virginia. Most Ame ns will at once concede his authorship of the Declaration to ba the greatest achievement of his eighty two years. But it is not improbable that Jefferson himself regarded his struggle for religious liberty of great er importal ‘The Burlington Ga zette reveres ‘‘the memory of Jeffer son. as well as other far-visioned pa triots, who gave this Nation marching orders.” The Lafayvette Journal and r emphasizes the fact that “the Louisiana purchase in the Jefferson administration was a major achieve- ment which meant, morally, materially and literally the salvation and deved- opment of the magnificent and in- vincible America we new know.” and the Tulsa Tribune declares that “he could see a great empire lifting itself out of the od, where, since time be gan, there had been nothing but wil derness.” THINK IT OVER Working Their Way three thinge By William Mather Letwis, President George Washington University Statistics recently have been collect ed in 122 colleges and universities throughout the United States on the subject of self-help. The returns show that 60,000 students, or 39 per cent of the entire student body, are earning the money either for a part or the whole of their educational expense: Fifty-five per cent of the man studen! and 22 per cent of the woman stu dents are working. 1t is probable that the percentage of self-help dents in these 122 institutions s about the same as in the colleges and uni versities where statistics are not avail able. If this is true, nearly 230.000 young people are paying some part of their educational expenses in insti tutions of higher learning. And they are working in many dif ferent field: Time was when self supporting students earned their ¢ principally at such tasks as g on table, tending furnaces and cutting grass. Today we find them in almost every fleld of produc tive activity. In Seattle a large coal concern has utili: University of Washington students as salesmen in a selling cam paign and has found them fine busi ness getters. Fifty-five students sold over $45,000 worth of coal in a single month. This activity had its educa | tional aspect, as the young men were taken to the mines and were given expert information concerning the mining and merchandising of coal. President Angell of Yale states that %5 one-third of the men in the student body there are working their wi and that during the year they ear $415,000. He adds that these men ‘do better in the classroom than others not so motivated.” At Yale and at many other insti- tutions are bureaus of appointments where students are brought in touch with suitable employment opportyni- ties. . In many urban universities large numbers of students are regulariy employed throughout the day and take their academic work in the late afternoon or during the eveniug. Facts such as these speak well for the ambition of American youth. They ‘also go far to refute the idea that our colle students are an fir- responsible, happy-go-lucky, ACenyrizht. 1920.)