Evening Star Newspaper, July 3, 1921, Page 22

EDITORIAL PAGE NATIONAL PROBLEMS SPECIA L ARTICLES ' EDITORIAL SECTION _ Part 2—10 Pages FINANCIAL BAFFLES EXPERTS Proposed Tariff Threatens Check to Pay- ment of Foreign Debts Owed to United PROBLEM States. BY G. GOULD LINCO HILE economists are debat- ing caus tion of prices and the value of money, the pur- chasing power of the dollar seems to be getting back somewhat to the nor- | mal—the pre-war level It is axiomatic thut the more money there is, the more gold there is, the less it is worth. In other words, the more money there is, the less it will purchase per unit. A recent report! made by the American delegates at the meeting of the International Chamber of Commerce in London | made the startling assertion that the money value of the total resour the United States had shrunk 25.000,000,000 since the post-war de- cline in prices started. This would | indicate that the money has become scarcer and more valuable to a con- siderable extent. The purchasing power of the doliar has advanced. On the other hand, it may be argued that the products of the country have be- come more plentiful, that the supply has exceeded the demand, and for that reason the money value has shrunk. | s for the fluctua- | Why Prices Increased.” When Prof. Irving Fisher of Yale| University appeared recently before a | joint meeting of the civil service com- | mittees of the Senate and House, in} support of the payment of more ade- | quate salaries to the government em- ploves, he discussed in detail the fluctuation of price levels and of the purchasing power of the dollar. He advanced the opinion that the tre- | mendous influx of gold into this coun- | try after the start of the European | war in 1914, amounting to more than & billion of dollars from 1914 to 1917 had been the principal cause of the Increase in prices and the decrease in the purchasing power of the doilar. He also expressed the belief that be- cause of this huge supply of gold and the fact that the federal reserve system has a higher proportion of gold to its liabilities than ever be- fore, which will before long bring about easier money and more credit, the present depression in prices will cease and there will be a rebound in the other direction. with a consequent | loss in the purchasing power of the | dollar. A year or two hence. Prof. Fisher| told the committee, he expected a slow deciine to set in, due to the grad- | ual deflation which will be going on 1n Europe and the power of the Euro- pean nations to absorb some of the gold now held by this country. But the Yale economist said that he ald not believe that the country! would ever get back to the pre-war ! price levels—at least not in the pres- ent or even the next generation. And | for this he gave two reasoms. The first was that he had no thought the European nations would be able to bring about such a deflation in their paper money asjto allow them to ab- sorb gold to the extent which they had it before the war. The second was that the federal reserve system has much more capacity for expansion than the old national bank system. With a large supply of gold and a system which tends to inflation, it will be impossible, he said. for price levels to go back to where they were befofe the war and before the adoption of the federal reserve system—which, it will be remembered, saw its birth at the outset of the great war in 1914. Price levels in European countries advenced very greatly, though those countries were pouring out their sup- plies of gold to this country to ob- tain foodstuffs and all kinds of prod- ucts of the United States. But this was due, it is explained, to the fact that there was a tremendous inflation of credits and paper money. Refunding Forelgn Loans. The situation is still further com- plicated by the huge debts of the European nations to this country, and Germany's great war debt to the al- lied nations. Secretary Mellon of the Treasury Department, appearing be- fore the Senate finance committee in suport of the administration bill granting wide powers to the Presi- dent and the Secretary of the Treas- wary in the matter of refunding these loans to European nations, said that these loans, which at the time a halt was placed upon further loans amounted to $10.000,000.000 in round numbers, today amount to some $11,- 000,000,000 because of the interest that has accrued upon the original debts. He urged that the administration be given the fullest powers in dealing with these loans, and pointed out that if the European nations were pressed at this time and forced to pay up these loans, itf would mean ruip for some of them. At the same u.:.n)u would mean that these nations would not be able to purchase the products of the mine, the farm and the factory of this country—which would mean a further blow at busi- ness here. Americi Exportable Surplus. In this connection, the report of the | American delegates to the Interna- tional Chamber of Commerce, already referred to, Is of some interest. This report says that the United States| produces approximately one-fourth of | the world's agricultural products, and {be el jportable surplus of coal, copper, cot- wheat, wool. corn. hides and leather, lead, zine, phosphates and other i produc i sible to have lower prices and more There is one way in which Euro- {pean nations can hope to pay their debts to this country—through the! United States, and the importance of any means that will aid in restoring the purchasing power of foreign coungries in need of the materials produted in the United States, may arly grasped from these figures. ‘nited States today has an ex- The ton, iron and steel, petroleum, meats, There seems little doubt that these surpluses and lack of murkets her and abroad have had to dé with a depression in price levels in this country. This, together with a cur-! tailment of credits here, has made money more and has raised its purchasing power. On the other hand, if the foreign markets are given an impetus and purchasing increases in this country it seems ree inevitable that the price levels will become higher again than they are now. The people of the | { But at the same time there is | a demand fer better business, for more | credits, etc., yet it does not seem po: country are clamoring for lower price levels. busine Golden Flow to This Country. The flow of gold to the United States has not ceased. Reports of large ship- ments from England and France have | been received within the last few days. One international banking concern in New York announced that two ship- ments, totaling $1,490,000, were on the | ay During the war the United States switehed suddenly from being a debtor ation to a creditor nation on a st ale. There billions of dollars owed to Americans in addition to the Lillions loaned by this government to are forcign governments. It is natural| that this country should desire that these loans be liquidated. But, on the | other hand, it is realized that liqui dation at this time would curtail still further the purchasing power of the foreigners, and what then would be- come of American export trade? Efect of New Tariff. shipment of goods here, produced by the debtor nations. And now comes the new protective tariff bill. design- ed to erect a wall of protection around the industries of the United States and to keep many of the goods produced by the foreigners out of this country.® This threatens another check upon the payment of the foreign debts. In- cidentally, this is one of the causes of the bitter controversies over items in the tarift bill whiich have developed during the consideration of the meas- ure in the ways and means committee of the House. There is a very con- siderable element which desires to give the Europeans an opportunity to l\ WASHINGTON, D. C, he Sundiy Sttt ING, JULY 3, 1921 BY N. 0. MESSENGER. RESIDENT HARDING is convinced that it is possible to conduct the governmental agencles of the United States on a busi- ness basis, and he is determined that it shall so be done. His observation during his in- cumbency in the Senate proved to him, that there * * The general acclaim SUNDAY MORN the world war and, of course, touch all military projects of the times and of the future. nouncement of reorganization of departments and putting the budget into effect operated for a time to distract public attention from another step in the direction of business reform in governmental plying Principles of Business to Government Administration nite estimate be made of the effect upon politics of the future of these changing alignments. * k ¥ * Why should it not be sald that the current passicnate demand for business methods in gov- ernment has a corollary in a tendency to apply business principles to the tariff, to the subordina- * % that arose over the an- has been lamentable lack of business methods affairs which the President has instituted—the tion of politics? employed In the past, resulting in tremendous putting of the Shipping Board upon an improved Free-traders and tariff-making-for-revenue- waste and loss to the taxpaycrs. business basis. only men clung to their views on a theory. Pro- Those who have talked with him in the past few weeks upon this subject have been impressed by hl'! earnestness in the undertaking he has now in hiind, to apply more generally business prin- ciples and practices in administration of the gov- ernment. and say that it seems to be the para- mount object of his endeavor in public office at this time, Quistly, but insistently, he went about the preliminaries of setting the project afoot in con- nection with the budget, and outside of his im- mediate official family there was but little inkling of the scope and measurement ©f his views until he broached them in announcing the appointment of Gen. Dawes as girector of the budget. of an enterprise in the carriers. It surpassed purposes, collapse of the * ok Kk * engaged now in working ness methods are to be The President, it is said, has no illusions that marvelous results are to be accomplished at tho outset. Neither is he unmindful of the fact that the momentary enthusiasm which prevails with the public and in the government service over the beginning of the work may lead to expectations on the part of the public which immediate per- formance may not justify. The showing in actual dollars and cents saved to the people this year or néxt year may not loom large in comparison with the total annual expenditures of the government. running, as they do, close to four billion dollars. But the reform in procedure will have been instituted and will grow and the volume of re- sults will increase with the passing of the months until some day the magnitude of the effect of ths change in methods will be fully appreciated. He looks to the future to crown with reward the present efforts, institution of which has received such general approval, and thix approbation must suffice for the reward of the hour. the wreck and rig up sa couraged to believe, on reclaiming of : Lk % And now for a spell cu * ¥ X ¥ There is another point which is not to be over- looked in estimating the value of actual accom- plishments to be obtained. It often been claimed that the budget reforms will apply largely to the T per cent of the total expenditures of the government which lies outside of the 93 per cent that is charged up to the account of wars of the past and the military preparedness and upkeep of the present. That is not altogether a comprehensive statement, for the improved methods of administration must of necessity ap- ply to every branch of the government, and though they cannot affect such statutory cxpenses as pensions. for instance, they will certainly reach into manifold channels of outlay occasioned by Both the old country. a remarkable instance theorles and rejection of as significant. voting. RADIO COMPASS STATIONS DIRECT WARSHIPS IN FOG Trip From Hampton Roads to Bos- ton Made Without Sighting Lights or Fixed Aids. A remarkable demonstration of the peace-time value of the radio com- pass, a war development, was fur- nished during the recent passage of} Battleship Division 5 of the At-§ 1antic Fleet from Hampton Roads to There has never been such a colossal faifure effort of the United States government to create for the purpose of the world war a_fleet of ocean perience in the field of avi with this difference ; alrplane-building project was nothing left but a book record of money lost. ‘With the merchant marine undertaking, howe the government found itself saddled with an im- mense collection of property of a perishable na- ture, representing a fabulous outlay of money. TUncle Sam practically found himself in the position of the man who had the bear by the tail and did not know how to let go. ping Board affairs, once the board can salvage tectionists claimed that their tarift principles paid and clung to them for business reasons. Now some of these very protectionists say that pro- tection pays in spots and they ant to retain protection there and abandon it clsewhere. And the free-traders and low-tariff men, finding that protection In spots will heip their states, are willing to abate their theories and go over to the other fellows’ views. It is predicted by some observers in Congress that when the pending tarift bill is finally per- “fected in conference and goes to the President for signature the schedules and rates it provides will show that it s a “made on business prin- ciples” tariff and not made by partisans. The hallmark of party, they say, will not be on it, or if there so faintly as to be hardly discernible as identification. country as attended the oven the disastrous ex- fon, also for war that after the there er, He is actively out that problem. Busi- applied strictly in Ship- * ¥ k % il on what is left. [‘ Society News HOUSE HESITATES ~TO SOLVE PROBLEM Selection of Chairman of Appropriations Committee Is Receiving Careful Con- sideration—Seniority Rule Opposed. BY WILL . KENNEDY. “In the final analysis it is Congress that HE House Js “stalling” in the |must determine the fiscal policies, and selection of a new chairman | We can save a lot of valuable time by of the Ho appropriations | Working the policies out now with Gen. committ, as successor ...Ilmuw . Representative James W. Good of Tow. who recently resigned to enter priva Two Solutions Suggested. If the senjorfty rule is not followed, | business, for two reasons—first, there is Lyor oo declded oppoxition to folowing he [l the vacance b e i et seniority rule, and second, there 1S 00 /g 1o allow llw"]‘ f'::\—1..-("3“:“3Mmp- necd for haste, because the aPPrOPria- i mittee o select which e tion entimates will mot come In UNt | members they o e, Of thelr own O L H ey prefer for chairman; isecond, 1o treat it us a cos e Opposition to following the seniorty 'atd by the House :anll n:m"-“" atic rule in the selection of a chalrman. 4% | tion of a chairman i 1 oo, e is donc on the other major committee The proponents for adhering 1& th o s g y S 2 One 'or adhering to e 1 on two principal arguments: |seniority system principally the in the memory of the oldest 1g!S- | glder members of the House, on other ators the seniority rule has not OPCT- major committees from which the ated uniformly in cholce of a chaiTman | hropriating authority nas 1 . for the appropriations committee, Ye- | These men feel that '::lh Nr““ Sitiocer cause more often than otherwise it was! e broken ""r,.l will b o Sl [not the senior member of the majority f 3 ors e iposition of authority before the party who was chairman, and who made { ;.. § v party vas ch i{the House after many yvears of service, {the best chairman. Sometimes a Man |1y geminction 1o this line i way down on the membership list from ) . gl 2] ai in President Harding, it,may be stated, is en- the Shipping Board wreck will within a short time show results which will b one of the notable feaures pf his plan for the application of business methods and practices in the conduct of governmental affairs. long in duration, probabl perlences with tarift tinkering. the country has manifested slight concern over the tariff, probably on the theory that it was time enough to cross that bridge when it was built. Who remembers when the tariff was the greatest of iseues and when Congress had it under dis- jon the whole country was interested. even though it perhaps did not understand what it was all about? Then the war knocked the tariff issue into a cocked hat and people forgot it. In the coming consideration of the tariff the most interesting phase promises to be the break- up in party and section: bearing upon future political alignments in this aforetime form on the tariff question. bination within the republican party of former protectionists states in behalf of free lumber was The defection of southern democrats from sup- port of old-time democratic policles was equally ow will come the final test; men who have talked for these reversals of party form will have to stand up and answer yea or nay in the Not until the rolls are called can a defi- 00 S R T e SEES CAPITAL JOIN HANDS WITH LABOR | v o e cor- top of hoping, that the tariff bill in party lines e affiliations. of tariff revision, not as as in some past ex- Up to this time conference in bounds, | because of is said. It 1l lines, foreshadowing a parties show reversal of The com- obedience 1. committees of change in economic their power policies once held sacred. action, 00, House. Secretary Davis Predicts a Time When the Employer Will Call for Unioniza- There will be plenty of “log-rolling” on this “bloes” and combinations are getting in line to effect coalition to gain their ends. ment of ‘itself will have a tendency to break up are Leing formed with entire disregard of party The republicans propose to make utmost ef- forts to keep their merd in line by caucus and party rule is rampant in the House, and it will take an iron hand to keep some of the insurgents The House has grown unwieldy by weight of numbers and the majority party is hard to handle to a spirit of independence of party authority, it bloc movements more_than if the parties were more evenly divided and if there were a more compact and binding party organization. There -are no czars in the House now, it is pointed out. In the Senate there will come independence of There is an element in each party which indicates intention to consider the wisics of the voters of their states above party consideraticne. There will be enough skirmishing along this iine to enliven the proccedings, at any rat: (Copyrizht, 1921, by The Washington Star.) s ecast. The various Congress, it is for st & Vol man, and again an outstanding figure in the House, who was not a member of the appropriations committee at all, was iven the job. Examples of this are “nele Joe™ man for ten vears, and Representative James A. Tawn both considered among the ablest chairmen that com- mittee ever had This move- to yet greater extent, as the blocs action, but the spirit of resistance to View In Creating New Committee. Second, 1t is contended that 1t never f it can be done at all. & choosing a chairman for thi ter committee. It is considered as a |new committee created by the Hous and the chairman to be chosen Ly the House. The original plan in creating a master committee of thirty-five mem- bers, to have exclusive jurisdiction over all appropriations, as a within-Con- gress adjunct to the budget system, was to vacate the entire existing appro- priations committee and to fill the new master committee with five membe: from each of the seven committees in charge of specialized appropriations, such as military affairs, post office, rivers and harbors, ete. Then the House found that there were several members on the appropriations committee who refused to resign— notably Representative Cramton of Michigan—and so it made the mistake, since recognized as a very grave mis- take, of continuing all the twenty-one old members of the appropriations com- mittee and adding fourteen new mem- bers, two each from the other seven hitherto appropriating committees. Now the question arises, if the senior- ity rule is to be followed, which com- mittee should get the honor, there are eight old committees repre- sented on the present committee, some of which were in ex- istence long before the appropriations committee was first created. D The ranking senior member on the ap- w mas- its size. This consideration induces will encourage the log-rolling and the no individual with power to compel o caucus decision, and the steering are more advisory than mandatory in over members. though not so strikingly as in the PINE BARK FISH STEW CANNED IS POPULAR lina Is Made of Cooked Vegetables Poured Over Rice. A new, popular product that is being marketed by the canning clubs in the southern states along the At- lantic and gulf coasts is “pine bark fish stew. Almost every country in the world, and practically every dis- s Favors Early Selection. point of service was chosen as chair- | Cannon, who was chair- was the design to follow seniority inj since | appropriations | attitude of the younger members, Who fire in a blg majority in the present 1 Congress, that breaking the seniority {rule opens up an opportunity for them to win quickly places of prominence in | Congress instead of having to wait for jthe older members 1o die off or be re- tired by the voters, { There is a strong sentiment in the 2 House that with the institution of the Federal budget system Congress should :show sincerity in making the fiscal jtem as economic sible by selecting in the House, re mittee assignm, nd efficient as pos- he best qualified man ardless of present com- t. 1o become chairman of the important master appropriations | committee. 1 | Two Men Urged and Opponed. Certain members are sentative Theodore E. Burton of Ohlo for chalrman. They are pointing out that his services for sixteen vears in the House, which he left at the peak of his popularity and power. his six vears in the Senate, leaving a way for | Harding to make his egtry and open- ing the way for him to he President, and having heen a candidate for the presidential nomination himself, would make him a strong candidate. They emphasize also that the anneuncement to the people of the country that a man of Burtow's reputation had been selected would encourage general confidence that most careful consideration of efficient economy would be had on all appro- priation bills. However, there i1s considerable oppo- sition in (T House 10 the selection of Burton, and the fact that he is from urzing Repre- Ohio, which has been getting its full share of the high places in the present administration, is not going to help his chanc Representative Joe Walsh of Massachusetts is another member of the House who is not a |mprnh--r of the appropriation commit- tee who is very scriously mentioned as one who would make an exceptionally | tion as Pledge of Efficiency. puy their debts, and also an element, Bogton, according to an announce- which is anxious not to “wobble” the|pcnt at the Xavy Department. The boat at this juncture, and put a stob.ientire voyage was made in a heavy through retaliatory measures on the'¢oe and navigation all the way was part of foreign nations, to American|accomplished by shore radio compass Promoted to Assistant Internal Revenue Head export trade. i stations, submarine bells and sound- The entire financial problem, Withiinge not a light or fixed aid to navi- lits overlapping interests, is one that| gation being sighted on the trip. i so far has proved too tough for solu-| wprom the time departure tion. But there Is a growing belief|iiyen until. Boston lightship was R i mesmtime tvery <Tost In he.| hied MICHU A JERS vessel or ot ing made not to bring about further ::‘: QA:.:T-::?; P" )Jsox:‘e;ez:v:m‘:::-‘ complications. ing the battleship force. “The fog was so dense that during most of the COAL MINE DEATHS' LESS. |passage the ships astern of the divi- sion flagship were Invisible. . “Had it not been for the radio com- Fewer Men Killed in May Than in |pass situation the arrival of Battleship Same Month, 1920. !Dlvlslon 5 would have been greatly | ; idelayed. This practical demonstra- Decrease in the n\jmb?r of men kill-{ j,1" or radio-direction finding is a |[‘c:|x::d nsv:(;l“;-:oll;t s;-“:::nm(;:::l:fm;';f‘clear indication of the milltary value (e BAates L R aeair uay, |of radio compass stations and of the Thers were 158 men killed furing|oroeis, fOF continued development May, this year, ns compared with 1631Bl‘;;'£nlms line’ i A il ke B e o compass stations have now killed auring Moy: been established along the coasts so Based on an estimated output of that vessel at sea in foggy weather e s e 1 e oty Lan communicate with the stations and ety oty o279 per 1,000,000 & few minutes establish their cor- e e During. the. finst five |Tect position. About 2500 ships now T tha ot the present year 805 men |FCCSive the service each month, it have been killed by accidents at coal ) #2° 2nnounced. mines, against 874 killed during the corresponding months of 192 MIGRATORY WATERFOWL NOT SHOT AS FORMERLY Unlawful Killing During Spring Flight Greatly Reduced This Year, According to Reports. Reports to the bureau of biological survey, Department of Agriculture, from many parts of the country indi- cate that the unlawful killing of mi- gratory waterfowl during the spring flight was greatly reduced this year a8 compared with the heavy slaugh- ter during the spring flights of for- mer years. It has been found that a large majority of people are im- pressed with the fact that the govern- ment's work for bird protection is not only a wise conservation measure, but as a sport. The federal law pro- tecting migratory birds is thus being better observed and birds are not being molested so much in spring as formerly, with the result that they i8 necessary to perpetuate hunting! was | Davis Is working. H: BY WILLIAM J. WHEATLEY. OR that day when the employer will hail the labor man and say “Come, unionize my shop.” and the two will be constantly looking out for the interests of each other, Secretary of Labor James J. e sces it coming In the great readjustment through which the country is now passing, and he observes it coming with the accom- paniment of general prosperity, re- turn of buying, better living condi- tions. But, he points out, labor itself must perform an $mportant function of cleaning out. It has in its hands to guide and speed the onward move- ment to a realization of labor and capital marching hand in hand, each supporting the other. Secretary Davis is not a dreamer, when he. points to this possibility. Just sit in his office for a few min- utes and listen to his talk of the great possibilities in the readjust- ment period. In a direct manner he will convince you that all who have to do with the prosperity of the country are awakening to the pos- sibilities of industry turning without a hitch or a strike. He is not leaving it to others to work out. He knows the needs. He has that great fagulty of foresceins what should be, and what is best, and to that end he is lending his sturdy | weight. Before he came to Wash- ington to become the head of the great Department of Labor in Presi- dent Harding's cabinet, he kept ordi- nary office hours, But now he gets down in the morning before the night watchmen leave, and many times he same man finds heim there when he returns to work In the night. Almost every morning at 7 o'clock the Sec- retary is at his desk, and many more times he is there until 1 o'clock in the morning. No Sympathy for Shirkerg. Though he holds a union card he has no sympathy for the labor or- ganization that holds protection ovef the shirker. Every man must work, he asserts, to help bring about pros- perity. “This is no day for loafers,” he said. “The man who doesn’t earn his pay should have no pay. I am opposed to the rich loafer and the poor loafer. F’)loyer say: ‘I will not work with shirkers. who. in robbing their employers, are rob- bing all the rest of us. We want to | make our trade unfon badge a symbol lof an honorable man who does an honest day's work. I mean that badge to be badge of price.’ “If the unions were more fully shot through with that spirit. antagonism to the unlons would die a speedy death in the camps of its bitterest enemies. No criticlsm visits the man who works. If the unions demanded of every member a certain reasonable measure of dally work, if they fined or fired the shirker, I can See the day when every employer in the land will hail the nearest unfon leader and say: ome, unionize my plant’ The unions have it In their power, and now more than at any othér time in our industrial history, to make every employer eager to employ or- ganized labor. 1 can hear that em- “The union card is the guarantee of efficiency. I will employ no men without it. 1 would no more hire a man without it than I would accept a dollar without the govern- ment stamp.! “The effort to promote industrial peace and prosperity,” continued the Secretary, “must come from both sides alike, from enlightened employer and from awakened worker, union or non- union. No group on either side can put itself above the law and maintain its existence. And by law we mean the laws of prosperity as well as the Jaws of the civil code. The public will not tolerate infraction of either set of laws." More Confidence Needed. The country Is not in an unhappy condition, Secretary Davis pointed out. It only thinks it is. There should be more cheerfulness and” confidence. Though six months ago men in the strongest positions were shaking their heads, looking back the con- ditlons can be better observed. The great body of the public after an was making blg money and tossing it broadcast, had a sudden change of heart and refused to buy at all. The public, he said, began' to repent of its wild tear. We all passed through a gerious period of war, and when it was ended, and the forces came back victorious, the people were in & mood The loafer is a thief. He steals just as| / © 1oy o “rhey atd. orgy of extravagance, when every one trict in the United States, has a spe- cial “one-piece” dish made of the products of that region. The gumbo of the far south, the New England boiled dinner, the bouillabaisze of Marseille, reproduced in New Orleans; Hungarian goulash, Ehinese chop suey, Indian curry, Irish stew, French ragout are instances of this tendency to blend flavors in one dish. “Plne bark fish stew” is a charac- teristic dish in South Carolina. Prob- ably it was introduced by settlers from the southern part of France and from Italy. Itallans living in southern California serve a similar fish stew. The home demonstration lagents, seeking a popular and some- what novel product which would not be in competition with commercial canned goods, decided to have the clubs make a specialty of canning “pine bark fish stew."\ Onions, toma- ingredients which are cooked slowly “southern style” rice. of-door gatherings and community to the combination. —_— FARMING INSTRUCTION " GIVEN NEGRO SCHOOLS Special attention has been given to the study of the educational condi- tions among negroes, as a result of a co-operative agreement between the states relations service of the ‘De- partment of Agriculture and the Fed- eral Board for Vocational Education. It has been realized that the negro teachers are in need of all the assist- ance possible. Two courses.of study, one in plant production and the other in animal production, were prepared by the De~ partment of Agriculture following in- vestigations into the problems, con- ditions and facllities of the negro schools. A specialist in agricultural instruction was first detalled to visit the school where agriculture was taught. The methods and practices used by th® teachers were observed and avaflable facilities noted. The crops and animals grown in the vari- ous states were considered. In the plan of the lessons, seasonal sequence den of Illinois, for ten terms, but not consecutive of which he three years. appropriations, chairman for his own preferenc chairman. Representative Davis® mittee on committ he would be chosen chairman. is of a contrary mind. system. tender, within the committee, for chair- man is Representative Martin B. Mad- a member of Congress Representative Davis has been a mem- ber of the appropriations committee for ten years, and during all of that time on the subcommittee in charge of District ! has been | He has} always taken a deep interest in Dis-! trict affairs, and it is thought that if would like to continue as the District friends c|ulm' that if a vote were taken in the com- While the perplexed republican lead- ers are postponing action on the ground toes, celery, pimento and fish are the |that there is no need for haste in choosing a chairman because there will in vegetable oil and poured over|be no appropriation bills to consideriKelley Is a relativ At large out- | for several months, Representative Davis | with good chances of holding the posi- He has urged lunches this is served on pleces of |upon his colleagues that the chairman pine bark, giving the dish its name. [should be selected now, so that the In Florida, Georgla and all the gulf)committee can work in close co-opera- bers. But Representative Kelley would states varfous loccal fish are adapted |tion with Budget Director Dawes and [have opposition even within his own with Controller General McCarl in work- | state delegation, because Representative ing out an economic and efficient fiscal | Cramton outranks him In seniority as “The appropriations commit-|a member of the appropriations com- tee should work all summer just as|mittee. J hard as General Dawes says he is going |to_work." said Representative Davis. Former Head Of Comeu Now in Diplomatic Corps|' . " good chair n But P s e propriations committee is Representa- | waish much ,.—».r‘.;.-"m ::lr::trr:':'n.llh tive Charles R. Davis of Minnesota, who | jygiciary committee and to devote his has been a member of Congress for ten | yyention principally to achievt consecutive terms. The prineipal con- gmv’ang ooy Vet i8O8 EVRE Beon- i goad, constructive legislation through close tention to the work on !lhv floor of the House. The principal jere that would b sed against Repre- sentative Walsh would be on account of | the dominant position in both the House lnnd Senate already held by Massachu- setts membs *Too much Massachu- =etts” would be shouted just as loudly as *Too much Ohio.” ) Kelley of Michigan Supported. Within the appropriations committee were consulted he |the one man who is being persistently mentioned as the one whose appoint- ment would meet with the most gen- eral approval in the House is Represen- tative Patrick H. Kelley of Michigan, . among the House | who has served five continuous terms, members or in the appropriations com-, Representative Kelley handled the naval appopriation bill in a masterly way, In spite of many antagonistic influences. 1t is generally conceded that the naval bill was the best managed of any of the appropriation measures. Representative young member, tion of chairman for many years if selected. He has the support of some {of the most Influential republican mem- The ‘chairmanship of the appropria- tions committee—the committee of thirty-five which represents the good will of Congress itself to beget econ- omies under the federal budget system— s developing into a problem. which is recelving careful study by the majority leaders in the House. — COURT ENJOINS ACTION. Levy on Railway in Interest of Customs Irsvectors Halted. Justice Hitz of the Supreme Can f the District of Columbia yesterdas |granted an_ injunction against Andrew W. Mellon, Secretary of the Treasury, to prevent the levying of charges agamst the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railway Company for extra com- pensation of customs inspectors required to work overhours in the examination of the baggage of passengers on Its trains crossing the Canadian border be- tween 5 o'clock p.m. and 8 o'clock a.m. The government noted an appeal to the Court of Appeals. certainly as if he set out with al “Yet. a8 18 the way with human na- simmy and a gun. I have this to 82y (o, "Lo gveraid the thing.” he as- my fellow trade unfonsts: I you want{ 0% W€ ORETIC R N ety and to make progress in America you must | %°T'0% T ciaBpsbannd clean your louses of &hifkers Let ua| Yo PoESD 10 SeRent € OLF S0 nes be charitable outright, If we must, It| e CeR8% e e E iaan is disablad, ‘mentally) morally |t least atiths rate of bish prices o phssically, ft 1% €ime) to take care|Drousht about byl the war. That oF Bios for whathe fg°and for|what He| St0PDASS came with & suddenneas that has done. 1f & faithful employe he|(rightened the merchant. He saw his tore full of goods, but empty of should be cared for in his old age. In s other words, give Liin whatiwe call a | customers. Nothing was left him but pension, Let the trade’ unionist sa; % (Continued on Ninth Page.) [ Y - = The court sustained the contention of Attorneys G. F. Snyder and Jesse C. Adkins for the rallway company that. the act under which the Treasury De- partment attempted to collect the charges applied only to water carriers, which load or unload at the frontier points during the hours of the night and cannot be extended to include the ex- amination of baggage of passengers on through trains of the railways crossing the border. ‘Assistant United States Attorney Arth for the government noted an appeal to the Court of Appeals. — are now breeding in many places from which they were formerly driv- en because of constant disturbance from spring shooters. A message from one of the wardens regarding the spring flight of geese in South Dakota shows that excelent results are be- ing secured under the migratory bird treaty act regulation: in the memory of the eastern South Dakota seen a spring was followed, and no lessons which were not adapted to southern condi- tion were included. _Further work in connection with these courses of study was done through conferences held at both Hampton and Tuskegee _institutes. A large number of the ‘leading negro agricultural teachers for the south attended. Instruction in the practical application of the two courses was given to the teachers, who are mow ‘using them’extensjvely. more than one-third of its minerals. | Ot these commaodities, the report con- | tinues, there are exported about 60| per cent of the total production of cotton; 60 per cent of copper; 25 per cent of grain; 20 per cent of petroleum, and very appreciable pro= portions of the production of coal, wool, wheat, meat and meat products, sron and steel, ete. Who wae sworm In recently as|flight of wild geese such as has assistant comminsioner of finternal! taken place this year. They have The relative value of export trade|yevenue. He was advanced from (nlfiocked into lakes and flelds in’ count- . B She material prosperity of theloflice of solicitor of that bureau, less thousands.” 2 CHARLES P. SMITH, DR. JACOB GOULD SCHURMAN, Whe Has Been Appointed United States minister to’ China. f =