Diario las Américas Newspaper, December 14, 1957, Page 12

Inter - American News for English - Speaking people Sth YEAR @. A SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President an@ Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managine Editor Cc, W, SMITBR Vice President THE AMERICAS DAILY For a better understending behween tho Amerions MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 14, 195' 8. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gémez Advt. & Cire Mer. Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs Fla. op February 8 1956. EDITORIAL ANOTHER COMMUNIST CRIME Yesterday, reports were published stating that the communist dictatorship, satellite of the Kremlin, which the Hungarian people are suffering, executed the courageous and noble officer of the Hungarian Army who, during the democratic revolution of last year, at the head of several military men, with war tanks, succeeded in freeing Josef Cardinal Mindszenty. Because he joined the cause of the Hungarian people, Major Antal Palinkas-Pallavicini, was executed in Buda- pest. He is-a new martyr of democracy, assassinated by the communist tyranny. The name of that soldier possessing a high sense of honor, will be registered in history, when in it the tragic episodes of communist domination in Hungary are exposed, as well as the inhuman and unjust persecution suffered by the Cardinal who is now virtually a prisoner, in political asylum, at the Legation of the United States in Budapest. Once more the criminal invasion of the Russian armies against the Hungarian people and army has been brought to mind in the world, also as a reminder that they, in a com- mon cause, before the sacred altar of their Fatherland, sacrificed themselves in an attempt to break the chains tying them to Moscow. In October of 1956, the Hungarian people gave the world an example of heroism, of dignity, of love for free- dom. Also on that occasion, the men of the Kremlin gave one more proof of their cruelty and their political immo- rality, violating once more Hungary’s: sovereignty, in an armed invasion which uncovered to the world a crime with- out precedent among civilized nations. With unheard of impudence, wearing the hated uniforms of the communist forces, Russian soldiers, obeying orders from Moscow, im- ‘posed the “order” of destruction and death, to overthrow a popular Government which will of all Hungarian citizens, had just been born from the and which, of course, wanted to free itself of Russian servitude. Neither the Hungarian people nor civilized humanity will be able to ever forget the crime committed by commu- nism in October, 1956, which shocked the world, nor they will be able to forget the names of the heroes who, as the one recently executed in Budapest, gave their lives in de- fense of a holy cause, the cause of freedom, x *« * Latin American Finance and Trade News Reports Argentine Commissioners Arrive in Swiss Capital BERN, Switzerland, (UP)— Ar- gentina’s Meat Commissioners Hora cio Pueyredén and Victor Urqui- za,.on a business tour of several European countries, arrived here for talks with Swiss Government officials and trade representatives, Pueyredén and Urquiza came to the Federal Capital from Zurich, where they arrived yesterday from Germany. “We got here too late to get in touch with the Argentine Em- bassy, so we don’t know exactly who our opposites will be at to- morrow’s talk”, Mr. Pueyredén told the United Press. “We also have no idea as yet concerning the possible results”, he added. “But I trust they are going to be very interesting, as Switzerland is an interesting mar- ket”. About their trip from Zurich to Bern, Peuyredén said, “unifortu- nately it was rather foggy, but we got glimpses of a beautiful country- side. We are missing the snow, however. We came here prepared to see quite a lot of it”. The two Argentine Officials are planning to leave Switzerland on Saturday or Sunday for Milan, Ita- y, hala they will have similar CHILEAN BUDGET DEFICIT EXPECTED WASHINGTON, D.C. — Ac eording to a report recently sub- mitted to the Chilean Parliament's Mixed Budgetary Committee by the Minister of Finance, a budget deficit of $17.2 billion Chilean pe- sos is expected for the year 1957. Expenditures authorized for the current year total $312.9 Chilean pesos while receipts, calculated on the basis of an average copper price of 35 cents per pound, will amount to only $295.7 billion Chil- ean pesos. However, the recent de. cline in the price of copper will increase the estimated deficit by another $26.7 billion Chilean pe- Sos, In addition to current budget- ary expenditures, the Chilean Gov- ernment has effected payments this year of $30 billion Chilean pesos on obligations outstanding from previous years. However, the Government was able to curtail its foreign exchange expendutures by some $9.8 billion Chilean pe- Sos, To meet the deficit, the Govern- ment has borrowed $7.9 billion Chilean pesos from the Central $25 million) from foreign sources. It will probably borrow another $5 billion Chilean pesos from pri- vate deposits with the Government and the remaining budgeted ex- penditures will be paid for in fu- ture years. CUBA TO RESTRICT SUGAR OUTPUT WASHINGTON, D. C. — Cuba will restrict her 1958 sugar crop to 5,500,000 long tons, according to a report appearing in today’s New York Times. The amount of the crop, fixed each year by the President and the Cuban Sugar Stabilization Institu- te, will not be decreed officially until the U. S. Department of Agriculture announces the sugar quotas by country for the coming year, probably today. Cuba today has enough cane to produce over 6,000,000 long tons of sugar. The lower tonnage was decided on by the Sugar Institute because of the world price and consumption figures. According to an Institute survey Cuba will probably sell around 2,- 800,000 long tons of sugar to the United States in 1958. Under the International Sugar Agreement, she will be able to sel! 2,350,000 long tons to countries other than the United States. An estimated 350,000 tons will be required for domestic consumption. Cuba’s 1957 sugar output was 5,- 504,576 long tons. It is estimated that on January 1, Cuba will have on hand about 700,000 long tons, thus giving the island 6,200,000 tons of sugar to sell during 1958. Most of the sugar mills will com- Bank and another 17 billion (US plete repairs and be ready to grind by the first of January, and it is expected that President Ful- gencio Batista will authorize the start of the harvest on Jan. 2, PUERTO RICO GETS REA AID WASHINGTON, D. C. — The Puerto Rico Water Resources Au- thority has sold $9,200,000 Series “@” Bonds to the Rural Electri- fication Administration, according to an announcement made by the Authority’s executive director, S. L, Descartes, in New York. The bonds are due in 1960-92. Proceeds from the bond issue will be used for construction of Unit Two of the Authority’s south coast steam electric plant, and for construction of the REA-financed share of certain transmission lines and distribution subbstations in- cluded in the insular agency’s cur- rent five-year program, Technical Fund WASHINGTON, Dic. 13. (UP)— Washington Bermtdez, of Uruguay ex President of the Inter Ameri- ean Economie and Social Council, has proposed the establishment of | 8 cooperative fund for Inter Amer- ican technical development, simi- lar in general lines to the one pro- posed recently by Italy for the Near East Bermiidez requested the council to discuss and adopt his proposal as soon as possible, and added: “Before the situation in our con- tinent gets even worse and reaches an explosive point”, Know thy Neighbor By ANTONIO RUIZ ARGENTINA — The “Pampa,” the seemingly illimitable central | plain, known as the “Wild West” of Argentina, gave the country its| most dramatic and dauntless na- tive son, the “Gaucho,” who play- ed a historical role in the develop- ment of the nation. The pampa was, and still is a source of tre- mendous wealth, For centuries the Pampa, more than a quarter of a| million square miles of “space,” was a forbidding sea of tall, bil- lowing bunch grass, where nomad- ic Indians hunted the guahaco, ar- madillo and ostrich, and where the| only landmarks were solitary “‘om- bu” trees. The early settlers turned their backs on this unpromising land, and sailed up the Parana River in search of gold and silver, Five years after the landing of Pedro de Mendoza’s expedition and the founding of Buenos Aires, the only traces remaining of either were the horses brought from Spain, which had run wild on the pampa and multiplied rapidly, be-| ing the progenitors of the famous Argentine horses of today. This was the beginning of the country’s basic pastoral economy. Until the middle of the 19th. century, be- fore the plow had cut the rich soil, and wire «fences and windmills were known on the grassland, stock raising wes the pampa’s on- ly industry Because of the Indian menace, which lasted almost to the end of the 19th, century, the maj- ority of the ranchers in the pam- pa were located fairly close to the colonial cities and to a chain of forts along the Indian frontier, which extended westward across the pampa to Mendoza. Country stores and bars, few and far be- tween, marked the slow conquest and settlement of the plains by hardy pioneers and gauchos. Flying from Buenos Aires to Ro- sario, Cérdoba, Mendoza or Bahia Blanca today, a vast mosaic of grain fields and green pastures can be seen, dotted by windmills and criss-crossed by railroads and highways, which fan out in all di- rections from the cities. Extending from Rio de la Plata, south to Bahia Blanca, west to the arid mountain region, and northwest to the hills of Cérdoba, the pam pas have an agricultural pattern marked by four or five distinct zones of production. Dairy, fruit and truck farming are concentrat- ed im a fan-shaped zone around Buenos Aires. The major part of of cattle grazes in the livestock | zone to the north and south of! Buenos Aires, from Mesopotamia to Mar del Plata; yearling steers come principally from southeast- ern Buenos Aires Province. Corn and flax production is cen- tered in the northern section of the pampas around Rosario on the Parana River, where ocean-going freighters load the largest export corn crops in the world. To the west and south of the corn coun- try is the alfalfa zone, bordered on the west by Argentina’s famous “wheat belt,” which extends north and south some 600 miles from Mar Chiquita to the Colorado Riv- er. From this bountiful “bread basket” comes an annual wheat crop ranging from five to six mik lion metric tons, In the flight over the pampa, the traveler can see at intervals tiny spots of green, which appear like oases amid oceans of grain. There are groves of poplars, wil tows and pine trees, which sur- round the residences and buildings of the huge agricultural establish- ments called “estancias”, some of them covering ten square miles. Farming is big business in Argen- tina, and the nation’s “estancie- ros” are among the wealthiest farmers in the world. Their ran- ches frequently resemble small country clubs, with palatial homes, swimming pools, tennis courts and polo fields. aie Spanish Version Page 3 Argentina’s some 50,000,000 head | Washington Bermiidez Proposes a be Established for Latin American Development | The Uruguayan delegate de- clared that poverty makes easier |the infiltration in the American continent of political ideas “alien to our traditions and our demo- eratie principles”, According to Bermédez, the Ita- lian plan, contained in a memoran- | dum submitted to the United States | would create a development fund for the Near fast. It would be | financed by the United States and | European countries, | He reported that no political , conditions would be imposed to jthe countries receiving assistance in connection with this plan, ad- ding that West Germany has an- nounced already that she will sub- mit a similar plan at the next meeting of the NATO nations on the development of Asiatic and African countries. “Tf the Latin American eoun- tries do not react before this new interest that is being shown for the development of Asia, Africa and the Near East —Bermidez said—the will be left behing as the most backward region of the whole world”, He’ asked that a request be made to the Technical Cooperation Com- mittee of the Organibation of Amer ican States to closely follow the debate that may develop at the NATO meeting on the Italian and German plans, Bermudez admitted that the most difficult problem would be to finance the fund, but said that the United States could finance the greater portion with part of the money it receives, through taxes, from the U.S. companies working in the Latin American countries. Meanwhile, the Council decided to “urgently” discuss the lead and zine problem, after hearing rumors that the United States is about to decide on an increase in the import duties on those metals. The Bolivian delegate, M. Guz- man Galarza, asked the Council to study the matter as soon as possible. He declared that the increase will bring “millions in losses” to his country, which would be even forced to close some mines. Guzman said the United States is the best customer for the zinc Army Officers Jailed in Cuba for 1956 Plot Are Pardoned HAVANA, Dec. 18.(UP)—Five officers of the Cuban Army, sen- tenced to prison in connection with an abortive plot last year, headed by ex-Colonel Ramon Bar- ‘quin, have been pardoned, The Offieial Gazette published the names of the officers, who were serving their sentences in the Isle of Pines Prison. They are ex-Commander Enrique D. Rios Morejon, who had been sentenced to six years; ex-Captain Ratl Tra- vieso Plé , sentenced to four years and ex-second Lieutenant Rei- tenant Sinforiano Ramos Caste- Nanos, sentenced to two years, and ex-zsecond Lieutenant Rei- naldo Perez Figueiras, sentenced to four years. The report in the Official Ga- tette states that these pardons are granted the prisoners for good conduct, GUATEMALA REQUESTS SUPPORT FOR CYPRUS UNITED NATIONS. (UP) Gua- temala asked the Latin American delegations to the United Nations to support the principle of free determination of the Cypriote peo- ple, The Guatemalan Ambassador, Emilio Arenales, who closed the meeting of the Special Political Committee which he presided dur- ing the Assembly, gave a speech about the Cypriote question. Upon reiterating Guatemala’s po- sition, which he also stated last year, he said: “If the United Kingdom sates that Cyprus is not a part of her metropolitan territory, then she would have no sovereignty over it, and would be a simple administrat- ive power, as it is called in the Charter of the United Nations. And if neither Greece or Turkey claim this sovereiggty, then who has it? We think that it should belong to and lead from his country. SAN SALVADOR, (UP)— The Assembly which will approve the constitution of the International Coffee Organization will be held in Rio De Janeiro on the 20th of January. The Latin American countries will attend this meeting, said An- drés Uribe, U.S. representative to the Colombian Coffee Growers fe- deration, as a united group, and will offer the producers of other continents a well meditated plan which will permit all of them to join together for common benefit. The main features of the plan are to increase coffee consumption throught the world and, at the same time, make it easy for all coffee producers to discusss and find solutions to their problems Uribe spoke at the inaugural sesssion of the annual Assembly of the Federation of COffee Gro- wers of America, the Mexican the people of Cyprus. Latins to Ask Other Nations to Join World Coffee Growers Organization tation of Coffee Growers of Cen- tral America and neighboring co- untries, He pointed out on the other hand, that the Latin America coffee producing countries made a great step forward due to the coffee agreement signed in México last October 18th, which obliges the seven countries who signed to regulate their exports until 1958 so that an ordered placement of their coffee can be made in world markets. He affirmed his belief that the seven countries who signed, and who produce 94% of at 1 of the coffee in the Western He- misphere, could. stick to their pro- mise, and called the agreement the “most trascendental step made in the history of international co- ffee co-operation.” Even if the Mexico Pact was due to an emergency, he stressed it: is now a solid base for a per- Coffeee Federation,and the Fede- | MEXICAN EMPLOYEES TO GET “AGUINALDO” MEXICO CITY (UP)—Mexico’s budget for next year will show a surplus of about $400,000 Treas- sury Minister Antonio Carrillo Flores estimated today, Although he said he could not give’ exact figures before President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines presents his budget message to Congress later this month, the Minister said after a conference with the (hief Exec- utive that income next year is estimated at $672,400,000 as against projected expeditures of $672,000,000, He also said all Government employees will get an “aguinaldo” of a month’s salary for Christmas. This will cost the Government $11,600,000 he said. BRAZIL TRIES TO GET DUTCH SETTLERS RIO DE JANEIRO, (UP)— Pre- sident Juscelino Kubitschek acted today to attract to Brazil some of the Dutch settlers just expelled from Indonesia. | Kubitschek directed his foreign Minister to begin immediate ne- gotiations with the Dutch Govern- ment to bring at least part of the manent institution. HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief refugees. He said those with tropical agricultural background would make ideal settlers in Bra- ul, MEXICO USING US, CREDITS MEXICO CITY, (UP)—Mexico used US. credits totaling $62, 900,000 during the first nine months of this year, the semi- official financial agency Nacional Financiera, has reported. Of this total, $30,300,000 was in new credits granted by the Export Import Bank of Washington, D.C. In addition to the above credits granted to the government, Na- cional Financiera also served as guarantor of foreign credits to- taling $33,700,000 granted direetly to Mexican concerns. The most important of these credits was one for $28,600,000 granted bv the Eximbank for the rehabilitation and modernization of Mexico’s railway system. Other credits were used for cat- tle breeding and agriculture, and for projects in connection with the expansion of the petroleum, Enter Industry in Argentina BUENOS AIRES. (UP)— One Argentine, and two U. S. compa- nies, announced the establishment of two companies which will pro- duce plastic and abrasive materials. The Argentine Company, ‘Car- bometal, S. A.”, and the Monsanto Chemical Company, of the U.S. will install an industrial plant in Mendoza Province which will pro- duce Vinil, and invest an inicial capital of one hundred million pe- sos. Monsanto will contribute capi- tal and machines imported from the U.S. and work will begin im- mediately so that the company ean start production in January 1959. “Carbometal” also will merge with the Norton Company, of Wor- chester, Massachusetts, to produce raw material, which will be used to make refractory and abrasive products. The announcement of the mer- ger of the new companies was made during an interview of the representatives of these companies with Vice-President Rojas, who re- interated the government’s pur- pose to aid the distribution of private, national, and foreign ca- pital for economic recuperation. MEXICANS QUALIFY AS GREAT BEER DRINKERS MEXICO CITY (UP)—México is the world’s fourth beer consuming country, the semi-oficcial finan- cial agency Nacional Financiera, said today. In the first nine months of this year México produced. more than 97,000,000 gallons of beer, of which only some, 200,000 gallons were exported and the rest consumed locally, the agency reported. The report did not list the three nations exceeding Mexico’s con- sumption but they were presumed to be the United States, Germany and Britain. , RIO DE JANEIRO (UP) — The normal good humor of the Brazil- ian housewife is rapidly dissolving under the pressure of the rising cost of living which is shrinking her husband’s salary to little more than a subsistence wage. The government statistical of- fice announced last week that the eost of living was being held in line in a statement which showed that while it rose 24 per cent in 1956 the increase so far this year has been only 5.7 per cent. Since the first of the year the price of meat has risen from 43 cruzeiros per kilogram to over 100. During the same period potatoes have risen from 9.7 cruzeiros to A samall amount of the oredits was used for foodstuffs and other products. PRIVATE BANKING IN _ MEXICO PROSPERING MEXICO CITY, (UP)—Private banking has had a phenomenal rise in México, with the number of banks jumping from 112 in 1937 to 795 in 1957, the monthly pu- blication of the National Bank of F.oreign Trade reported today. Deposits increased from $82, 320,000 to $586,000,000 during the same period. The number of accounts also increased from 238,000 to 472,000 it an last 12 years, the report said. ODWYER OPERATED ON MEXICO MEXICO CITY, (UP)—William O'Dwyer, former U. S. Ambassador to México and former New York Mayor is recovering nicely from a minor gastric operation he under- went here Monday, his brother Paul said today. The operation was performed + Member Inter American Press Association e For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 137 AFL-CIO Convention Urges Washington Government to Rush Aid to Latin America Two U.S. Firms |communist Threat in Some Nations Worse Than Ever, Delegate States Mere Support Requested for. Countries Striving ‘to Maintain Democratic Life -—The AFL-CIO Convention has requested the Washington Govt. to put into effect “without delay” the program of extensive economic aid to the Latin American countries, which was announced at the InterAmerican Economic Con- ference held in Buenos Aires fast August. In its closing session, the Con- vention approved a_ resolution saying the Latin American coun- tries “need foreign technical and economic aid to modernize their producing capacity and diversify their economies”. - The delegates said great part of the capital could be supplied by private investors, but in many fields, the needs must be attended to by official loans, in particular from organizations such as the World Bank and the Eximbank. The convention also requested from the Washington Government to give “moral, political and any other possible kind of support” to Latin American Governments having the firm purpose of devel- oping and strengthening the de- mocratie way of life. At the same time, they requested withdrawal of all kinds of support given “to dictatorial regimes, still afflicting so many of the Latin American countries”. The delegates promised to con- tinue their support to Latin Amer- ican countries.” | The delegates promised to con- tinue their support to Latin Amer- ican workers who have _ free unions, in particular “those suf- fering under the yoke of dicta- torships”, through the Inter- national Federation of Free Unions and the Inter-American Workers Organization.. The Convention also. advocated, regarding Latin America, “a policy 14, beans from 22 to 28, butter from 87 to 140. Other foodstuffs have kept pace. The cruzeiro is worth one U. S.cent.’ FROZEN ITEMS DISAPPEAR Basie food items which are froz- en often disappear from store shelves in merchant campaigns to force price increases. The system was successful recently when the government price commission gave in to meat producers who re- fused to slaughter cattle for over a month. Rio bus companies are try- ing similar tacties by reducing the number of buses in service. They said they will not restore the re- gular service until fare raises are O’Dwyer is expected to leave Sa- turday, his brother said. “Bill should be up and around in the next few days”, he added. Paul O’Dwyer has been visiting his brother in Mexico City and expects to return to New York next week. MEXICAN CHILDREN GET SALK VACCINE MEXICO CITY (UP)—An es- timated one million children un- der three years of age will be ino- culated with Mexican -made Salk anti-polio vaccine this year, public health officials announeed today. More than 250.000 children were ‘Jinoculated this year by the De- partment of Public Health. Another 50,000 shots were sold to parents by the National Child Welfare, making a total of 300,000 children inoculated. Public Health officials said polio incidence has been “con- siderably curtailed” this year, and the campaign will be intensified with the aim of reducing it even iron and steel, electrical, lumber, chemical, paper, aviation and tex- textile machinery industries, by the’ noted Mexican surgeon A, Lopez Engelking at the Anglo- American Cowdray Hospital, which more. and finally eliminating the disease. of economic expansion based mainly in an increase of the pur- chasing power of the population.” “The economic difficulties so many Latin American countries are suffering now”, they said,”are the result of the inability to extend to the great mass of agricultural, mining and industrial workers a fair portion of the profits obtained by landowners, local industrial enterprises and foreign investors.” COMMUNIST THREAT The resolution includes a warning that the threat of com munism has not disappeared in Latin America. “On the contrary,” it adds, “in several countries this threat’ has never before been as dangerous as it is now. Assisted by the devastating effects of inflation, which has afflicted and American Republics, the com- munists are exploiting the legi- timate claims of economic order to infiltrate the unions and grab control.” QO. A. Knight, Chairman of the American Relations Committee, AFL-CIO, declared that the de- legates should not “forget the best friends we have in the world.” Stating that Latin American coun tries are overwhelmed by the problems of dictatorships and the economy, he said:. “The mam who gets killed in the Dominican Republic is as dead as the man who dies in any other part of the world,” adding that Chilean delegates informed him that salaries in their country have been frozen, while thé cost of living has inereased 80 per cent. Inflation in Brazil Forcing Many Workers to Take Two or Three Jobs okayed. The result is short-tem- pered bitterness among rush hour crowds struggling to get aboard the limited transport. According to Labor Ministry figures, the average Brazilian fa- mily spends 50 per cent of its in- come on food, 25 per cent for housing and the remainder for clothing, medicine, transport and other essentials. : However, the latest statistics were compiled in 1955 before the inflationary trend really began to gather momentum. Since then rents have gone up to the point where a three — room apartment would consume the entire 6,000- cruzeiros-per-month average wage of a Rio de Janeiro worker. MANY HOLD TWO JOBS While unions clamor for raises and threaten strikes, Brazilian workers in the interim spend less time at home. All city dwellers who can manage it hold two jobs. Some have three. The large maj- ority of government workers in Rio with a six-hour day also work in private clerical positions, Last Saturday night Finance Mi- niester José Maria Alkmin went on the air to appeal to Brazilians to cooperate with the government and help hold down inflation by curbing Christmas buying. ‘ Newspapers commented next day that Akmin’s appeal came too late, since most families are al- ready committed up to two years from now for time purchases of home appliances. ‘ Sabotage Acts in Argentina BUENOS AIRES. (UP)— Sabo teurs tried again to blow up the gas pipe line from La Plata to Buenos Aires. A powerful bomb was near the corner of Mitre and Se villa streets, in an isolated see- tion of Ranelagh District, on the outskirts of Quilmes, wHere the pipe line passes, Fortuhately, the gas did not catch fire. cs A police statement says that three foes rig Cocktails” were found nearby, ‘ee persons who are considered guilty of the attempt have been arrested, = -y