Diario las Américas Newspaper, February 21, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English-* Speaking people @. A SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Antonio Ruiz Managing Editor c. W. SMITH Vice President Fred M. Shaver Business Manager 8. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President, Editor and Manager Eliseo Riera-Gomez Advt, & Cire. Mgr. ——aTTTEEIEEEennen Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office ot Miam! Springs, Fla., on February 8, 1956, ES ST EDITORIAL PUERTO RICAN SOLDIERS IN THE U.S. ARMY Yesterday we published photographs and re- ports about the brief stop in Miami made by sixty- six young Puerto Ricans, on their way from their country to Fort Knox, Kentucky, to undergo basic military training, so that they will be able to serve more efficiently in the ranks of the United States Army. With the enthusiasm of youth and the faith in the need for national defense, which represents the defense of democracy, these sixty-six Puerto Ricans, conscious of the obligations that the joint citizenship of the United States and Puerto Rico implies, march with ambition toward the discharge of their duties. The brief stay in Miami of these soldiers, pro- bably brought memories to all those who read about them, regarding the past and present value, for the armed forces of the United States, of these regiments of Puerto Ricans, with their excellent contributions’ of courage and heroism. Puerto Rican soldiers, under the Stars and Stripes, have defied danger in the battlefields, defending the ideals of the United States and placing very high, as it is fitting, the name, always glorious, of the Puerto Rican Fatherland. CONTRADICTORY POLICIES OF THE © KREMLIN REGARDING STALIN Although radical changes in the communist policies should not cause any surprise, because the communists always bend to any circumstance bene- ficial to their interests, there has been, nevertheless, certain surprise with the new trend the men of the Kremlin are giving their policies in relation with the work of the late dictator Joseph Stalin. ; As it is well known, a few years after Stalin’s death, the hierarchs of Moscow started an open campaign to discredit their former boss. Insults of all kinds fell on the memory of the man who, for many years was the center of all gubernatorial violence of Soviet totalitarianism. He was denounc- ed as a despot, as the man who imposed his iron will on the basis of terror, persecutions and death. However, during the last two weeks, the same men who recently attacked Stalin have staged a rapid turn about and now try to present the ex- Dictator as a hero who made possible the German defeat in the Russian fields and also as a statesman to whom communism owes its greatest ideological triumphs. From all-this confusing manner of acting, the peoples of the world can only reach the conclusion that, behind the Iron Curtain, anything that happens is on the verge of normal reasoning and political sincerity and morality. THE DEEP SIGNIFICANCE OF UNITED STATES CITIZENSHIP —“Liberty provokes diversity; diversity preserves freedom”—Lord Acton. . by LUIS MUNOZ MARIN Governor of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (CONTINUED) T repeat that the growth of the Commonwealth is the growth of the power of every vote on election day. The strengthening of the vote’s authority is the growth of the Commonwealth — a growth which should occur within our as- sociation with the United States because that, too, has been the freely-expressed will of the Puer- to Rican people. , The growth of our political stat- us, which is the growth of the political status of every Puerto Ri- ean citizen, consists of this: as our experience show us and our crea- tive thinking about these problems indicates to us, more Federal laws should apply here through specific consent given in every particular case, according to their own mer- its as seen in every case by the people of Puerto Rico, and the number and kinds of Federal laws to which the péople of Puerto Ri- co give their consent in advance should be reduced. And I repeat that this growth must always occur within the strongest association with the United States of Ameri- ca, (Which means that some) basic Federal powers, such as those of common international relations, j i would always be valid in Puerto Rico.) Through such actions of the United States Congress as I have indicated, as well as through court- decisions, the nature of the Com- monwealth is daily becoming clear- er. But I believe that we should keep two points firmly fixed in our minds for the continued clarity and the most lucid understanding of that nature. These are: The status of the Commonwealth, associated with the United States, is permanent. The Commonwealth status is a creation entirely different from others in the American system, be the American system understood to be that of the United States of America or the general system of democratic life to which the peo- ples of the entire American hemi- sphere are dedicated. It is not meant to be a model for. other peoples, nor is it intended that others should serve as models for it. The Commonwealth was creat- ed for the specific nature of the Puerto Rican people, for the spe- cific cultural and economic rel- ations between Puerto Rico's people and that of the United States. Needless to say, within ghe Com- For « better understanding between the Americas MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1957 KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ GUATEMALA — Following the footsteps of their ancestors, cen- turies before the Spanish conquest, the Indians of Guatemala today are famous for their unique tex- tiles, weaving methods, tribal tech- nique and the dyes they use. Mod- ern civilization, no doubt, some day will bring to and end the primitive life in Guatemala, and hand weav- ing will disappear. While today cer- tain styles or symbols in their costumes are mere adaptations, in the future there will be only sub- stitution. The tourist of today can see in Guatemala this art in all its glory, and can visualize the remote past in the living present. The way of dressing of the Indians is very sim- ple and follows unalterable rules, which have for centuries prevailed in the villages to which they be- long, with variations only accord- ing to the tribes. These differences consist some times only in the way certain pieces of the costume are worn, in other cases only in the color of an embroidery, and some times in the length of the trousers, belts or skirts. The weaver has no set rule, but is guided by memory and exper- ience and does not change the slightest detail. While all the cos- tumes of one village conform to a distintive pattern, not two are exactly alike. The garments, in their majority ,are made of cotton, and some of wool. Some times they use imported silk or lace for orna- ments, although at times they have so much silk in them that they ap- pear to be made entirely of it. One of the most amazing things is what these weavers can acom- plish in their primitive hand looms, but they are able to produce every king of weave. It is said that all the designs used in “huipiles” (blouses), “calzones” (trousers), “tzutes” (cloths), “fajas” (satches), etc. are symbolic, the meaning of which in most cases has been for- gotten. A recent study of symbols still used by the Chichicastenango In- dians in their costumes, discloses some of the rare exceptions in which symbols are not used. Some times a symbol is seen that has in the past belonged to two different villages, and gradually it has been changed somehow, although the basic lines of the symbol are re- tained as a proof of unity in ancient times. The Indians pay little or no at- tention to the particular styles of weaving by Indians of other vil- lages, with the exception of manu- facturers of textiles who have com- merce with villages where the art of weaming has been forgotten for a long time. San Pedro Sacate- pequez, of the Mam region, is an example of one of those villages. A symbol used in one garment is usually carried on all other com- ponents of the Indian attire and household cloths. It is very easy to identify the textiles of one social locality by the motives of their de- | signs. Spanish Version Page 3 Rico are completely loyal to their United States citizenship, as well as — and this, too, does not have to be pointed out — to their own personality. We are Puerto Ricans who are citizens of the United States; not citizens of the United States who have ceased being Puer- to Ricans. It is not: through clinging to old traditions, merely because they are traditions, when these fail to fit the dynamic spirit of our people and our times, that we fell our- selves to be Puerto Ricans. We are Puerto Ricans in the sense of want- ing to march toward the future on the basis of concepts which spring from our thinking and feeling as modern men of Puerto Rico, and not from a mere tendency to ac- cept and to imitate indiscrimin- ately, It should be obvious that the greatest value of United States citizenship which we carry proudly together. with that of Puerto Rico, is the right to be different, to have individual and collective traits which are developed sponteneous- ly by every individual, every com- munity, every people in the strug- gle of its spirit with its circum- stances and destiny. (CONTINUES SATURDAY) monwealth the people of Puerto, Dulles to Follow Work on Hemisphere when the Near East Crisis Ends WASHINGTON, Feb. 20 (UP)— Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, said that the work develop- ed by the Inter American Com- mittee of President’s Delegates, which met here last month, to dis- cuss projects of Economic and So- cial Development for the Hemi- sphere, had caused him good im- pression. But he also said that he had been unable to follow in detail the work of the Committee and would not be able to do it, until after the Near East crisis is over. Dulles made his comments in the regular press interview. He point- ed out that he had met with Dr. Milton Eisenhower, President of the Committee and the rest of the Presidential. Delegates, during the course of their deliberations. Dulles repeatedly has backed the idea of strengthening the social and economic function of the Or- ganization of American States (OA S), which is the main objective pursued with the work of the Com- mittee, VENEZUELA WILL WAIT FOR OTHER GOVERNMENTS WASHINGTON, Feb. 20 (UP)— The Government of Venezuela has consented to wait an additional term of six months more for the rest of America’s governments to study the proposal of its President, Marcos Pérez Jiménez, to establish a common fund to help in the solu- tion of the Hemisphere problems. A representative of the Pan American Union said that the Sec- retary General of the Organiza- tion of American States (OAS), José A. Mora, has received, from the Minister of Foreign Relations of Venezuela, José Loreto Arismen- di, a note in which the term to re- ceive governments answers is ex- tended. The note will be presented to the Council of the OAS in to- day’s session. When the proposal was formal- ly submitted to the OAS, on Sept- ember the 10th last, Arismendi asked in his letter that a decision, about his proposal, should be adopted in the next six months, term that would have expired on March 10th. next. A new Note from Arismendi says now that the term is lenghten- ed because some governments wants more time to study the pro- ject. “Fire” Volcano Suddenly Erupts in Guatemala GUATEMALA CITY (UP)—The “Voleano of Fire” 30 miles west of this capital city belched forth flames and smoke today and near- by villagers prepared for possible evacuation. The voleano erupted spectacular- ly Tuesday night and the lava be- gan raising slowly. A column of smoke hundreds of feet high could be seen from the heart of Guate- mala City. Rumblings that accompanied the eruption were stronger than any in the past year although the voleano frequently shows signs of activity. No. earthquakes accompanied the beginning of the eruption, but residents of Antigua and Guate- mala City as well as the village of Escuintla which is near the slopes of the voleano made preparations to flee if the lava overflows the rim or ground tremors hit. Reports from other villages near the volcano said there was simi- lar alarm but no panic as yet. Resi- dents of this Central American country have witnessed the destruc- tive powers of earthquakes and volcanos in the past. Antigua was the capital of Gua- temala until it was wiped out by an earthquake in 1773..Guatema- la City was established as the ca- pital in 1776 but was destroyed by earthquakes in 1917-18, Eximbank Credit to Peruvian Firm to Buy U. S. Wheat WASHINGTON, Feb, 20 (UP)— The Export and Import- Bank an- nounced that it has granted a credit of $4,250,000 to finance the purchase of U. S. wheat for export to Pert. The announcement was made by the President of the institution, Samuel C. Waugh, who said that the credit will permit Nicolini Tiermanos, S. A., of Lima, to pur- chase about 30,000 tons of wheat, from the stock of U. S. surplus of this grain. The mentioned firm operates a mill in Peri. The credit is for a term of one year with the guarantee of a Peru- vian Bank, not mentioned in the announcement. This Bank will is- sue a Letter of Credit to the Ni- colini firm, through a commercial bank in this country and in favor of a United States exporter, to close the purchase. Panamanian President to be Feted PANAMA (SICO) — A sumptu- cus banquet will be given, on next March 11th, in honor of the Presi- dent of the Republic, by several high officials of the United States government, who will meet in this city between the 11th and 15th of said month. ‘ The officials are the Ambassa- dors of the United States to Mé- xico, and Centro and South Ame- rican Republics; high officials of the State Department, Import Bank, Department of the Treasury, Ex- port and Import Bank, Department gy Commission, International Co- operation Administration and the U. S. Information Office (USIO). SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION A project of joint action be- tween the national government and the Panama City municipality, will permit the construction of eleven schools in the Republic’s capital. The assembly authorized the national government to nego- tiate a loan for $11,000,000 at 6 per cent interest. The greater part of the buildings, destined to house the schools, will be finished in 19- of Commerce, U. S. Atomic Ener- 58, HEMISPHERIC EVENTS Latin American News in Brief SOCIALISTS TO INITIATE OPPOSITION IN ECUADOR QUITO (UP)— Leonardo Mosco- so, Secretary General of Manage- ment, commenting on the de- claration of the Socialist Party that it will initiate “an inexorable and belligerent opposition,” said that this is a consequence of the free- dom the Government grants to po- litical organizations, within limits of the law. He observed that when socialism Geclared itself as a Marxist Party “it shed off the mask of being apart from communism.” Also he denies that the Party has motives to declare its opposition to the Government, as the doctrin- ary ponts, favoring the people, were decided during the presiden- tial campaign of President Ponce. He cited, among them, the familiar salary, cooperatives and low rent housing. He ended pointing out that “‘con- sequently, it is to be expected that militant socialists, which collabor- ate in the Administration, had submitted their resignations. MEXICAN JOURNALIST AND AUTHOR DIES MEXICO (UP)— México is mourning the death of Alejandro Quijano, Editor of the newspaper “Novedades”, who died here - He- was 74. The Mexican journalist, well known in the field of literature, was ill for some time and only a few weeks ago suffered an attack of pneumonia, from which he was convalescing when he suffered a heart attack. Quijano was Director of the Me- xican Academy of the Spanish Lan- guage and a member of the Real Academy of Madrid. He was known as one of the most outstanding writers of the country and among ‘his works, “Las Letras en la Educa- cién,” “Los primeros cuatro siglos de la Poesia Espafiola” and “Jimé- nez de Cisneros,” were outstanding. GENERAL LEMUEL C. SHEPHERD ARRIVED IN COSTA RICA SAN JOSE, Costa Rica (UP)— General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Pre- sident of the Inter American De- fense Board, arrived- here accom- panied by other members of the Board. All of them will remain in Costa Rica (first stop in their inspec- tion of Central Americam defenses Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 187 Bomb Explodes Near the © Presidential Palace in Havana, COLOMBIAN PAPER FOLLOWS STRANGE GOVERNMENT RULE BOGOTA, Feb. 20 (UP)— The evening paper “El Independien- te” published a document, which it must publish every Monday, by order of the authorities. It is a letter addressed by the Minister of Government, José Enrique Arboleda Valencia to “El Independiente” and “Inter- medio,” in which the Minister gays that they may be published under the names of the papers they are substituting, “El Espec- tador” and “El Tiempo,” and that, if they are not published under their true names, is due to free determination of their own- ers and not by Government im- position, México Plans Aid Program For Drought Areas WASHINGTON, D. C. (PAU) — The Mexican Government is plan- ning an assistance program for the drought-stricken farm areas of the country. The program includes liberal credits for deep-well construction, pasture improvement, crop diver- sification and reduced rates for transportation of feed and live- stock. Agricultural production general- ly was good in. México in 1956, with large harvests of orange and coffee crops, and the 1957 outlook is considered equally good except in the drough-striken northern States. In 26 locations of the drought areas where meteorological . re- cords are kept the total rainfall from July through last November averaged less than 0.9 inch. Cer- tain localities, particularly around Sonora, have received relief from recent rains. The effect of the drought and of low water levels of northern re- servoirs on agricultural production in the coming cycle is causing con- siderable concern to farmers, This year’s cotton planting will be re- Injuring were suspended last January SABOTAGE SCARE NEW YORK, Feb. 20 (UP)— A plane of the Compafiia Cubana de Aviacién, which should have left at 2:30 P. M., carrying 53 Cuban musicians and newspapermen for Havana, was detained at the Idle- wild Airport, because it was re- ported that it would be sabotaged. The plane, a Super-Constellation “G,” Flight 999, was ready to take- off at the appointed hour and lug- gage was already loaded in it. A few minutes before the take-off the police received an an- nonymous telephone call from a woman, who assured that the ship. would be sabotaged during the flight. Immediately, cancellation LATIN AMERICAN E HAVANA, Feb. 20 (Special to THE AMERICAS DAILY)—At the first meeting for expansion of education in Latin America, which is being held at Havana, the Pres- ident of the Cuban Delegation and Undersecretary of Education, Dr. Evelio Pentén, indicated the need for a continental public opinion in regard to the project of elimina- tion of illiteracy from our region. He also said that an intense pro- paganda should be made with the purpose of getting governments to Woodrow Scott, Manager of Company in this city. appropriate in their budgets two. HAVANA, Feb. 20 (UP)—A bomb injured two persons, one of them seriously, when it exploded last night under an automobile which was parked in Misiones Avenue, about 300 feet from the Presidential Palace. No arrest has been reported regarding this incident. This is the 20th bomb explosion in the city of Havana during the thirty-five days since the constitutional guarantees 15. ON CUBAN PLANE of the flight was ordered, the lug- gage taken out and a search of the plane and passengers was initiated, Among the musicians going to Cuba, invited by the Compaiia Cu- bana de Aviacién, are: Tito Puen- te from Puerto- Rico, “Machito”, Vicentico Valdés and “Chiquito” Socarras, leader of the renowned Stork Club band. The group travels in charge of the It is expected that, after the search of luggage and travelers ends, the plane will Ieave this even- ing for Havana. DUCATION MEETING adecuated funds for this work, as same can not realay in the efforts of an international organization. Delegates of several countries delivered speeches to expound that formation of 450,000 teachers re- quired in Latin America should be focussed with a realistic criteriom, and the French Delegate said that he was interested in knowing how Improvement Courses were being offered in summer, as in his coun- try. the teachers considered their vacations as sacred and invoilables. WASHINGTON (UP)— Secret- ary of State Dulles says the Justice Department is co-operating with the State Department in investigat- ing the disappearance of an Ame- rican pilot in the Dominican Re- public. Dulles told newsmen that he personally checked documents on the case of Gerald Murphy a few days ago. Representative Charles Porter of Oregon recently produced documents which al- legedly showed a connection be- tween Murphy’s case amd the dis- appearance of a university profes- sor from New York a year ago. Representative Porter informed the United Press that he plans to submit to the House of Represen- tatives, “during the middle of next week” a complete sumary of his conclusions on the death of U. S. pilot General Murphy and the re- duced below 1956 levels, and wheat lation it may have had with the and other crops on irrigated landsdisappearance of professor Jesus will be considerable curtailed. trip) for three days. Then will con- tinue their trip to Nicaragua, Sal- vador, Guatemala and Honduras. The other three members of the Board, who came with Shepherd, are: Paraguayan Brigadier Gen- eral Rubén Ortiz; Argentinian Co- lonel Miguel A. Basail; Venezue- lan Lt. Colonel Alfredo Mocho and Chilean Navy Commander Jorge A. Ibarra, GOVERNOR MANSION STONED IN MEXICO CUERNAVACA, México, (UP)— Officials in Cuernavaca, México are investigating yesterday’s outbreak of violence that broke nearly all the windows in the Governor’s pa- lace. More than five-thousand per- sons gathered in front of the Gov- ernor’s mansion, to protest the kill- ing of a young man by a traffic policeman, They demanded that the chief lieutenant colonel be fired and punished. . then stoned the governor’s residence, damag- ed automobiles and wrecked a fur- niture shop, The Governor Gener- al said today that communist stud- ent agitators sparked the demon- stration, de Galindez. « PATINO BLAMES GLAMOR GIRL LONDON (UP)— Bolivian tin heir Jaime Ortiz Patifio testified today that American glamor girl Joanne Connelley became his mis- tress after their engagement in January 1954 and they lived open- ly “as husband and wife” until their marriage in April. But the course of, their pre-nup- tial idyll was jarred, he said, when Joanne decided she wanted to run away to Africa with a man she met only five days after leaving Patifio in their first post-engagement se- paration, Asked why he had not said this during divorce proceedings in Swit- zerland two years ago, Patifio said it would have been “humiliating.” Instead, he said he told the Swiss court that his engagement to Joan- ne “ran its normal course.” Earlier, Patifio, a self-confessed “good financial catch,” said in court that he gave Joanne a $95,- 000 ring before they were married without having the money to pay for it. He said his mother would have paid for it “when the marriage proved successiul” U.S. Pilot's Disappearance in the Dominican Rep. Being Investigated Porter’s statement followed pu- blication in “Time” and “Life” of reports that Murphy was the pilot of the plane in which Professor Galindez_may have been taken to the Dominican Republic, when he disappeared in New York in March of last year, shortly before publi- cation of his book against Trujillo, OFFENSIVE ATTITUDE CHARGED BY BERAL Meanwhile the attorney general of the Dominican Republic, Elpidio Beral, has accused a U S. diplomat of “assuming an ofensive atti- tude” toward his inquiry into the disappearance of Gerald Murphy, U S. pilot, it was disclosed Tues- day. He said the U. S. charge d’affai- Tes in Ciudad Trujillo, Richard H. Stephens, had acted in a manner that “implied a suspicion of the veracity amd seriousness of the Dominican authorities.” Beral made the complaint to the Dominican Foreign Ministry in a report on the death of Octavio de La Maza, a flier for the Dominican National Airlines, who allegedly killed Murphy and then committed suicide, ~ fF The report as well as a photostat of the alleged De LaMaza suicide note and death certificate were made public by the State Depatt- ment. The documents were releas- ed without comment. Officials said the report was in- tended by the Dominicans to close the case, but that the State De- partment has expressed dissatisfac- tion with the explanation given for Murphy’s disappearance. Murphy, a native of Eugene, Ore, and a pilot for the Dominican Air- lines, was last seen in Ciudad Tru- jillo Dec. 3, % The report alleged that some animosity had developed between the two pilots in recent months and that De La Maza had killed Murphy for personal reasons. 2 vat ete a habe ORY en 9 SEARCH FOR VICTIMS. CAUGHT IN COLLAPSE: OF RIO’S BUILDING RIO DE JANEIRO (UP)— More than 100 firemen and policemen sifted through a grotesque hill of broken masonry and twisted gird- ers today for victims caught in | collapse of an 11-story building. - At least four persons were ing and presumed dead. Twentytwo others were injured, including» worker who had been standing on top of the building inspecting ~a threatening crack when it collapm ee