Diario las Américas Newspaper, January 11, 1957, Page 10

Inter - American News for English- Speaking people 4th YEAR @. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Eliseo Riera-Gomez Cc. W. SMITH Vice President 8. SMITH Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Vice President. Editor and Manager Antonio Ruiz Advertising and Circulation Mgr. Managing &ditor ee Published daily except Monday — Entered as second class matter at the Post Office of Miami Springs, Fia., on February 8, 1956. SY EDITORIAL U. 8. AMBASSADORS IN LATIN AMERICA | According to recent reports from Washington, | the State Department will make some changes) among almost all the United States ambassadors in the Latin American countries. It is not known if these will be only transfers within those countries, or | if new members of the diplomatic service, from other | parts of the world, will enter into the service in that | all important region of the world. et At present, the ambassadors of the United States must assume extraordinary functions regard- ing diplomatic relations of their government and the governments to which they are accredited, as well as with regard to the general relations between the people of the United States and the peoples of the countries where the ambassadors act as repre- sentatives of their country. The attitude of an Ambassador, although sub- ordinated to the policies of the Washington Govern-| ment and the norms of the State Department, evidently cannot be closely observed by the high officials of the Department, because of the complex international problems, in particular the crisis provoked by the so-called cold war, which absorb the attention of those officials in a high degree. It is, therefore, necessary that each Ambassador has complete knowledge of the problems he will have to study and, in a great part, will have to solve. This high diplomatic official is under constant observation in the part of the Government before which he is accredited and, especially, in the part of the people, the local political leaders and the newspapermen, as spokesmen of public opinion. To find the equilibrium between the relations of the Ambassador with the Government and with the people, taking into consideration the difficult political situations prevailing in the Latin American countries is, no doubt, one of the most dedicate functions in which the U. S. diplomat has to engage in Latin America. ‘ The political importance of the United States) determines that situation of adequate equilibrium in which the clever ambassador should place himself, the one who, within the neutrality of his post in the national political problems of the country where he is accredited, must win the respect of both the Government and the people. : When personal relations of an Ambassador with members of the Government, or the opposition, are too close, there is always a danger that, involun- tarily, the influence of these friendships is felt in the attitude of the diplomat. Of course, if the diplomat knows how to avoid these influences, the “degree of personal friendship with Government officials or opposition leaders has no risk whatso- ever. In general terms, it is convenient for the better . understanding among the peoples, that their repre- sentatives cultivate personal friendships with the people of the country where they exercise their diplomatic functions. : If, at least in appearance, the Ambassador is considered as partial regarding the political pro- blems of the country where he is accredited, whether in favor of the government or the opposition, that is harmful for the United States and limits, in dangerous proportions, the good judgment that a diplomat must have. The Chiefs of missions in Latin America have upon their shoulders the realization of a highly important task for the benefit of political solidarity in the continent and, above all, in favor of the most sincere understanding among the peoples of Amer- |arrows of the Indians. For a better understanding between the Americas KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ COLOMBIA — The Caribbean coast of Colombia was being set- tled not many years after the his- toric voyages of Columbus. San- ta Marta, founded in 1525, is the oldest permanent settlement on |the mainland of South America. Cartagena was founded in 1533. Then, in 1536, Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, with 870 men and 70 horses, started in an inland trip, in search of the sources of the Magdalena River. The party advanced slowly through the swampy jungle along the river, wearing thick padded cotton tunics and helmets for protection against the poisoned At what is now Barranca Bermeja they turn- ed down from the river to climb up to the high “sabana,” or table- land, on the Eastern Cordillera. When they reached the sabana, eleven months after leaving Santa Marta, there were 166 survivors. This handful of men dared to at- tempt the conquest of the Chibcha Indians. The Chibchas of the Colombian highlands were advanced in agri- culture and the arts of weaving and pottery-making. They had gold and emeralds, and, of more practical value, salt, which they traded with very good profit with the peoples surrounding their ter- ritory. They resisted the advance of the Spaniards, but were defeat- ec, largely because they were ter- rified by the horses. By 1538 the Spaniards were in complete control of the region, and in Au- gust of that year, Quesada found- ed the city of Santa Fe de Bogota. To the surrounding area he gave the name of New Kingdom of Gra- nada. Very ‘shortly after Bogota was founded, there appeared on the plateau two more expeditions. One, a group of Germans under the command of Nicolaus Federman, represented the Welser Brothers, famous German bankers who had loaned large sums of money to Charles V of Spain, and the other under the command of Sebastian de Belaleazar, a lieutenant of Piza- rro from Peri who claimed he was searching for the legendary El Dorado (The Gilded One). What an incongrous spectable this meet- ing must have been, for history records that Quesada and his men were dressed in cotton clothes made by the Indians, the Germans in animal hides, and Belaledzar and his group in silks and satins. After considerable discussion the three conquerors decided to return to Cartagena, and thence to Spain, where each would present his claim. In spite of its remote location, far from the interior, separated from the coast and contact with Spain by months of gruelling and dangerous travel, Bogota grew in- to a notable center of Spanish cul- ture. At first under the juris- diction of the Viceroyalty of Li- ma, in 1719 Bogoté was made the capital of the newly-created Vice- royalty of New Granada, which included what are now Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama, as well as the present-day Colombia. In Colombia, as in the rest. of MIAMI SPRINGS, FLA., FRIDAY, JANUARY 11, 1957 EX-PRESIDENT QUESTIONED.—Former Cuban President Carlos | Prio Socarras appeared before a federal grand jury for questioning yesterday about possible connections between exiled Cuban natives living in Florida and the recent revolutionary uprising there. Prio, tanned and smiling, denied flatly to reporters that he had anything to do with the insurrections in his homeland. About 25 or 30 other witnesses, nearly all of them Cubans, also answered subpoenas to the secret investigation. “I deny to the public at large that I have had anything to do with the uprisiongs,” Prio told United Press, He said the outbreaks are “nothing more than the Cuban people expressing their feelings toward the rule” of President Fulgencio Batista. GABRIELA MISTRAL DIES HEMPSTEAD, N. Y., Jan. 10 —ja diplomatic capacity as Consul in| (UP)— Nobel Prize winner Gabrie-|Los Angeles and in posts in South la Mistral, noted Chilean poet, died | America and Europe. She also was at Hempstead Hospital today. She|a school teacher and sociologist. ica, Kaiser Honored for Contribution fo Latin American Development NEW ORLEANS, Jan. 10 — —Industrialist Henry J. Kaiser said at a luncheon offered by the New Orleans’ International House, that United States free enterprise can help one thousand million persons who: reside in underdeveloped Countries, to improve their living standards, © He added that the North Amer- jean “modus operandi” in the fields of engineering, industry and scien- “can raise our material civiliza- tion to heights never dreamed of” and produce abroad “a revolution- ary movement in the fortunes of humanity.” Kaiser spoke at the luncheon, in Which he received the Thomas ¥. Cunningham Award, which was Destowed on him for his contribu- tion to the development of Latin America. “The new and daring methods @f cooperation for the increase of productivity may have better suc- cess...,” he said. “It is about time the creative resources are liberated and capital movilized to use both ii_investments and projects which will pay many times in benefits.” He said that Latin America “of- fers some of the bigger opportun- ities in the world, today.” He affirmed that the present “is the era of the new scientific re- volution, in which man finds him- self in the midle of a fulminating Progress, which leaves behind everything seen until now.” Henry Kaiser, who heads a gi- gantic industrial organization, which embraces from. steel and aluminum to chemical products and cement, announced also the ap- pointment of Allan Sproul, ex-Pre- sident of the Federal Reserve Bank, of New York, for. the post of Director of the Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation, Spain’s American dominions, un- rest and dissatisfaction that had been seething in the colony, broke into open revolution in the nine- teen century. July 20 is Colom- bia’s Independence Day. On that date in the year 1810, a junta or council was formed by the citizens of Bogota to govern in the name of King Ferdinand of Spain, who had been dethroned by Napoleon. Later the Junta renounced all al- legiance to Spain and declared independence. Spanish Version Page 3 Venezuela Sells Surplus Sugar CARACAS —(SICO)— All the surplus sugar from the last crop has been sold abroad, thus solv- ing the problem left by the large crop. Reports published in this city announced that Venezuelan Sugar Distributors, through their agents in New York, have negotiat- ed the sale of more than 60,000 tons of refined sugar, which ad- ded to 40,000 tons already sold, gives a total of 100,000 tons. The last transaction refers to de- liveries in the next few months, up to May, 1957, and the prices ac- had been in a coma for the past seven days. Her death was caused by cancer. Sefiorita Mistral won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1945 and was one of the most outstanding of the Spanish language poets. She had served her country in WASHINGTON, Jan. 10 —(UP) —A Chilean Embassy spokesman announced that Ambassador Mario Rodriguez submitted the resigna- tion of his post requested by Presi- dent Ibajiez. Rodriguez, who left this after- noon for New York, to visit dying Gabriela Mistral, refused to divul- ge the motives for the decision. Diplomatic circles are unable to explain the cause: of the resigna- tion, as Rodriguez was considered one of the most capable and es- teemed Latin American representa- tives in this capital. It is remembered, however, that he was criticized by Chilean legis: lators shortly after he took part in the Argentine-Chilean Boundary Commission in 195u, HEMISPHERIC EVENTS OPPOSE BRASILIA AS NEW CAPITAL NAME RIO DE JANEIRO—(UP)— Bra- zil’s plans to call its projected new inland capital “Brasilia” may have to be revised. Officials of the city of Brasilia, in. Minas Gerais State brought le- ga. action to prevent the use of the name by the new capital, which is to be located in Goiaz State. The legal action is based on a Federal law which prohibits the use of the same name by two com- munities. The older Brasilia is a town of about 40,000 inhabitants; it was founded in 1832. The Brazilian Congress voted last year to name the new capital Bra- silia, Transfer of the Federal cap- ital from Rio de Janeiro to a point located at approximately Brazil’s cording to the international mar- ket, or the sugar mart of New York. Chilean Ambassador Resigns Sefiorita Mistral was 67. Her body will be taken to the Frank Campbell funeral home at 8ist Street and Madison Avenue. A mass will be said at St. Patrick’s Cathedral on Saturday. Sefiorita Mistral’s body will be flown to Chile either Sunday or Monday for burial. At that time Rodriguez was Di- rector of the Ministry of Foreign Relations’ Political Section. The Comimission was entrusted with so- lution of frontier disputes between the two countries and later Ro- driguez was accused of not having protected the Chilean interests. The Ambassador’s resignation comes exactly one year after his appointment for the post. He was in Washington before, as First Sec- retary of the Embassy. : Due to his years of experience in the U. S. and the fact that he is married to a North-American woman, he was credited with ample knowledge of the United States and, with a deep knowledge of the Member Inter American Press Association For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER: 152 PLOT TO KILL LEMUS REPORTED Tension Grows Between Nicaragua, El Salvador Over Political Exiles EL SALVADOR FIRM AGAINST EXTRADITION — AMBASSADOR L. HERDOCIA LEAVES FOR NICARAGUA AS MANAGUA SUBMITS CASE TO CENTRAL AMERICAN ORGAN SAN SALVADOR, Jan. 10 (UP)—The daily “La Prensa Grafica” says it knows that a conspi- racy to assassinate the President of the Republic, José Maria Lemus, was discovered last night and that the police arrested several suspicious Nicara- guans, i It adds that an investigation has been opened to flush out all persons connected with the plot. Officials sources, according to the daily, keep reserve about the affair, but those who supplied the information assured that the plotters are being directed by a Central American government. It says that the purpose is to create discord among the Salvadorean family, encouraging old interests of the opposition and conniving with a neighboring country, trying to eliminate Lemus. To this end, the case of Orlando Morales and another man named Pavloski, hired to assassinate exiled Captain Adolfo Alfaro, was brought forth. It says it knows also that Antonio Valle, who was serving a prision sentence in a jail in Nica- Tagua, was released so he could finish a life “very valuable for the Salvadoreans”, but was captured by the police, in the area of the Central-American colony in this capital, when he was watching the home of a Nicaraguan exile. The information ends by saying that the gov- ernment has adopted measures of precaution to protect the life of President Lemus. AMBASSADOR LEAVES FOR MANAGUA SAN SALVADOR, Jan. 10 (UP)—Leonte Her- docia, Nicaraguan Ambassador in El Salvador, left for Managua, ungently called by his Government. It is believed that Herdocia’s trip is connected with the protest the Salvadorean Government pre- sented to the Nicaraguan Government through its Embassy in Managua. The protest refers to statements made by Herdocia to the Undersecretary of Foreign Rela- tions, Alfredo Martinez Moreno, regarding Captain Adolfo Alfaro, Nicaraguan political exile. Herdocia said that Alfaro, in letters addressed to Colonel Carlos Silva, Chief of Operations and Intelligence (Information) of the Nicaraguan Na- tional Guard, boasted that the President of El Salvador, José Maria Lemus, promised him, in a personal interview, to discontinue the obligation the Nicaraguan exiles have to appear daily at the offices of the Police Department of San Salvador, Alfaro olso in letter to Silva—Herdocia affirmed—that the Salvadorean Chiefs of Police, R. Tenorio and R. Palomo, both colonels, showed him the reports that Herdocia himself addressed to the Government of El Salvador. The Salvadorean note of protest says those statements “have caused deep concern ‘to: the Government of El Salvador, because the declara- tions of Alfaro completely lack veracity.” note—that it is contrary to the usual practices to echo rumors lacking reliable support to statements which imply in the President of the Republic an attitude improper of his high rank.” The note, signed by the Minister of Foreign Relations, E. Ortiz Mancia, adds that “‘the Govern- ment of El Salvador, ‘faithful to his working pro- gram, maintains an unequivocal and honest line of conduct, in local and foreign affairs, which authorizes it to reject statements lacking adequate evidence, supported only by information and ru- mors gathered in non authorized sources.” The note ends saying: “The Foreign Ministry, as a consequence, has accorded to present to the enlightened Government of Nicaragua its strongest protest for the attitude unduly attributed in this matter to the President of the Republic and for the unfounded charges made against: the Govern-. ment of El Salvador.” NICARAGUA SUBMITS THE CASE TO OCAS MANAGUA, Jan. 10 (UP)—The Nicaraguan Minister of Foreign Relations sent a message to the Secretary of the Organization of Central Amer- iean States (OCAS), in which he transcribes mes- sages exchanged with ithe Ministry of Foreign Relations of El Salvador, regarding the application for provisional detention of the Nicaraguan exiles wanted by the Nicaraguan Court investigating the assassination of President Anastasio Somoza, and for whom the Court has issued warrants of arrest. El Salvador rejected the application saying that it could not comply with it, as its Constitution forbids it. The new Note addressed by the Nicaraguan Foreign Minister, Montiel Argiiello, to the Salva- dorean Foreign Minister, Alfredo Ortiz Mancia, was sent also, together with the foregoing answer, to the Secretariant of the OCAS. The new Note says: “Taking into consideration that Your Excel- lency’s answer is based, exclusively, on reasons of internal order that my government does not pretend to have the right to analyze, I inform you that I do not consider pertinent the exposition of reasons offered bécause my government ‘has‘solely applied for compliance of the international obliga- tion, established directly for El Salvador in do- cuments adopted in different times and ratified by different governments of the sister Republic, which are yet in force and appear in official Publications issued by the Salvadorean Foreign Office”. “As, unfortunately, your Government finds that the precepts of the Constitution impede the granting of the request, based’in the perpetration of the crime which has caused upmost consterna- tion in public opinion,:I*.am appealing to the Secretariat of the OCAS, presenting our case for “The Foreign Ministry considers—says the the Organization to find a solution”. VENEZUELAN Oil FOR/American School in Caracas Expands LATIN AMERICA CARACAS — Campo Alegre;of a large audio-visual room, one \relations between the two coun- tries. geographical center is provided for in a clause of the 1946 Con- stitution. The government expects the transfer to be made some time this year. PERU DISTRIBUTING U. S. FOOD DONATION LIMA, Peri — (UP)— The Pe- ruvian Government completed pre- parations to begin distributing 137,- 000 tons of United States food- stuffs among thousands of drought- stricken families in southern Perd. The United States donated 47,000 tons of food, including wheat, bar- ley, corn, whole wheat flour and dried milk, and Peri bought an- other 90,000 tons of wheat, barley and corn. The Government named a special commission to carry out the task of distributing the foodstuffs among’ famine-threatened populat- ions in Cuzco and Puno Depart- COLOMBIA - U. S. A. NAVY EXERCISES BOGOTA, Colombia — (UP) — WASHINGTON — The United|School in Caracas has completed States has assured Brazil and other|thc construction and furnishing of Latin American nations that the normal flow of Venezuelan oil to|" "*™ bien Ls wed bres Ake countries in South and Central|™0dious plant. Still another ad- America Mill not be interrupted|dition will be made during the by the Suez crisis. United States and Colombian navy units will begin joint anti-submari- ne exercises next Saturday, it was announced, j The exercises will be carried out in the Caribbean, Three Amer- ican and three Colombian frigates and one American submarine will participate. Smiilar maneuvers will be held by other American navy groups with all South American navies in order to bring the latter up to date on the latest anti-submarine tactics, ments as speedily as possible, BRAZILIAN 2EGIMENT READY FOR EGYPT UNITED NATIONS, N. Y. — (UP)— Arrangements have been completed for a Brazilian infantry regiment to join the International Emergency Force in Egypt, the United Nations announced today. Maj. Gen. E. L. M. Burns, com- mander of the International Force, 1957-58 session, which will consist Latin American News in Brief the regiment, the announcement said. The offer includes transportation of the contingent directly from Brazil to Egypt by sea, but ar- rangements havé been made for a small advanced group of Brazilian officers and men to be flown to Egipt, it was said. DARK WAS THE NIGHT additional classroom, and adequat storage space for school supplies Curriculum development, alway: an integral feature of this school was: particularly important during 1955-56. Instructional improvement for the benefit of the entire local community is the goal sought, and additional courses on the history and geography of Venezuela, its heritage and mores, and the Span- ish language are offered. Begin: ning in kindergarten and the first grade, the language and culture of the host country are developed through stories, conversation, songs and dances, Formal instruction in reading and writing and..social studies in Spanish begins in the second grade and continues through the sixth. Careful regard is paid toward maintaining the high schol astic achievement of Campo Alegre Students. who go to the ,United States to continue their education Improvements in instruction in the fields of oral eommunication BUENOS AIRES —(UP)— The Guarani movie theater was sud- denly lit up last night wher a film called Dark’is the Night caught fire in the projection cabin. “NICARAGUAN COTTON MANAGUA, Nicaragua —(UP) —The Government announced that it is launching a drive to expand mathematics, and physical educa tion are. also being inaugurated. Villeda Sworn in as Ambassador TEGUCIGALPA, Jan. & —(UP, the sale of Nicaraguan cotton|—Ramén Villeda Morales, Head o abroad. the Liberal Party, took the oath, A special mission consisting of| before the Minister of Foreign Re Finance Ministry and National|lations, Esteban Mendoza, as Am Bank officers will be sent to Eu-|bassador to the United States. rope in search for markets, even| After the “ceremony, the ney on a barter basis, the announce-| Ambassador visited the members d has accepted Brazil’s offer to send ment said. the Government Military Board