Diario las Américas Newspaper, May 15, 1954, Page 8

Inter-American News for English- Speaking people he J For a better understanding between the Americas For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity MIAMI, FLA, SATURDAY MAY 15, 1954, "NUMBER 2 THE AMERICAS DAILY Published by THE AMEKICAS TUBLISHING COMPANY G. A. SAN ROMAN S. SMITH President oe Vice President HORACIO AGUIRRE Editor and Manager FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher Carlos E. Simons Managing Editor William H. Scharrer Head of Circulation Dept. Ralph B. Ross Head of Advertising Dept. EDITORIAL MUST THE U.S. WAIT UNTIL THE HOUSE \ STARTS TO BURN DOWN BEFORE DEALING WITH INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS? A survey of foreign policy administration by the| U.S. in recent years will show that this country has invariably waited until matters have reached a serious point before taking proper action. This sort of procedure, for the most part, is) laden with potential dangers because it obliges licy makers to take emergency steps that haven't m properly studied out and that result in achiev- ements of only temporary effect or of a type which entail great sacrifices. As far as inter-American policies of the U. S. are concerned, there is a serious lack of concern evident on the part of the State Department. From time to time officials show a spark of life in respect to Latin American affairs, but usually this show of interest is only momentary and later dissipates into thin air without anything to leave behind it in the way of positive accomplishments. Apparently, this sort of indifference is the order of the day because of the absence of any hemispheric issue of sufficient gravity to make the U. S. sit up and take notice. In other words, the idea is that as long as any palpable evidence is not available that threats of collective hostility. against the U. S, are in the offing, there is no need to become overly concerned about what is going on in the other twenty hemispheric republics. If our judgment is a correct one, then U. S. policy makers are in serious error—an error that cannot be explained, either in the light of reason, of justice pr of interAmerican solidarity. Another perilous aspect of such policies is the likelihood of neighboring nations that are liable to become offended and resentful of their neighbor to the north. Furthermore, it is more than evident that the agents of international Communism feed on this sort of situation, kindling hatred on every hand against the U.S. For the good of all concerned it would be fo- olhardy to allow this feeling of resentment to spread throughout the Americas. After all, it does have a basis in fact—the fact that when it comes to cons- ideration of matters in which the Latin American nations are directly interested, the U.S. and its ap- propriate officials are franklyn sceptical about granting them the importance they should have. The brunt of American policy is concentrated on seeking understandings in other world areas where there are governments openly hostile to the U. S., where there are underground movements aimed at creating dissension and hatred toward this country and where even armed aggression against the U. S. is part and parcel of established policy. We hope that by pointing out these considerat- jons on U. S. inter-American policy we will have raised a warning cry to those responsible for for- mulating this country’s foreign policies so that they will be able to demonstrate to the nations of Latin America that traditional hemispheric friendship is something that must be preserved and strengthened at all costs and that it will best be guaranteed with offers of practical cooperation and mutual benefits to all concerned. BEGINNERS’ SPANISH BY G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of ‘Miami, Fla. mi (pl. mis my tu (pl. tus (your (fam.) su (pl. sus) your (not. fam.) b su (pl. sus) his, her, its Translate into Spanish: ..1.—My dog is white. 2—Your (not fam.) cat is white and black. 3—Her house is large. 4—My friend is a lawyer. 5—Your (fam.) uncle is here.) 6—His father is in San Francisco, 7—Your (fam.) son is a good student. 8—My pencil is yellow. 9—The sea is blue 10—This fruit is unripe. Franslate into English: 1—El amigo de José. Su amigo (de él, de José). 2—La casa de Maria. Su casa (de ella, de Maria); 3—Tu pluma. 4—El amigo de usted. Su amigo (de usted), 5—Mis pajaros. hake flores (de ella). 7—Sus hermanos( de él). Present Indicative: tomar to take comer to eat beber to drink yo tomo como bebo 4 tomas comes bebes “usted, él, ella toma come bebe nosotros, -as tomamos comemos bebemos vosotros, -as tomais coméis bebéis ustedes, ellos ellas toman comen beben tomo el desayuno I have breakfast come pan he, she eats bread bebemos café (or tomamos café) we drink coffee Paraguay O. K.’d by U. S. WASHINGTON (UP) — The regime State Department announced that it had extended its recogni- tion to the new Paraguayan gov- ernment. Its decision was made pub- lic Friday in a brief press note which said: “The chargé d'affaires of the American embassy in Asuncion informed the Paraguayan min- istry of foreign affairs yester- day afternoon that relations be- tween the, governments of the United States and Paraguay were being 1esumed.” | KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ EL SALVADOR. For more than a quarter of a century after Co- lumbus arrived for the first time in the New World, Central Ameri- ca remained a virgin territory, peopled by Indian tribes who fol- lowed a primitive way of life. The first European to arrive in what is now El Salvador was Pedro de Alvarado, one of the Spanish con- quistadores, Alvarado set out with an army from Mexico in the latter part of 1523, under orders of Her- nan Cortés, then governor of New Spain. He entered and subdued Guatemala in the early part of 1524, and established a colony. Ad- vancing southward with his expe- dition against ineffective aborigi- nal resistance, Alvarado crossed the Rio de Paz (River of Peace) into present day El Salvador in June, 1524. A few days later he arrived in Cuzeatlan, capital of the cuzcatlecos, who were the most important tribe of the region. vassalage to the tribe, but the In- dians did not take kindly to the Alvarado returned to Guatemala, wounded, and without any accomplishment beyond his exploration. Early in the follow- ing year Alvarado dispatched a force to return to El Salvador, and in April, 1525, the city of San Sal- vador de Cuzcatlan was founded, with Diego de Holguin as its first Mayor. At first the young city was harassed by the Indians and in 1528 it was reorganized and estab- lished in a valley near the Lempa River known as La Bermuda, close |by the present-day town of Suchi- |toto, in the Department of Cuzca- | tan. There it stayed until 1539, ; when it was removed after a sev- jere earthquake to its present site. During the colonial period, the | history of El Salvador was linked closely with that of the rest of Central America. In 1542 the colo- ny was placed under the Captain- cy General of Guatemala, along with what are now the republics gua and Costa Rica; later the Cap- taincy General was elevated to the Viceroyalty of Guatemala. Moves for independence, like discovery, came somewhat later to Central America than other parts of La- tin America. As elsewhere, the co- lonists in Central America were tired of the Spanish colonial poli- cy, with its discrimination against criollos, of American-born Span- iards. Here, too, the influence of the North American revolution had been felt, and indignation had reached a high pitch when Napo- leon foreed’ Ferdinand VII to re- sign the Spanish Throne in 1808, putting Joseph Bonaparte in his place. But it was not until 1811 that revolution came to a head in El Salvador, which thus sounded the first call in Central America’s move for independence. This at- tempt failed, and another insur- rection and uprising in 1814 were equally unsuccesful, but seven years later, on September 15, 1821, the Viceroyalty of Guatemala de- clared itself independent of Spain, and the mother country, occupied on many other fronts, made but little attempt at repossession. Spanish Version Pag. 3. | Train Crash in B. Aires BUENOS AIRES, Argentina — (UP)— Thirty-five persons were injured last night when a commu- ter train crashed into the rear of another near the Flores district of Buenos Aires. U. S. Navy Officer Urges Widening Of Panama Canal For Strategic Reasons Since the Navy’s new battle carriers have outgrown the | canal, it no longer serves its purpose, he says WASHINGTON —(UP)— A U. S. naval officer, writing in an un official service publication, has urged an immediate start by the United States government on a project to widen the Panama Ca- nal so that the biggest capital ships will againn be able to tran- sit the isthmus of Panama. “The global strategic positions of our offensive sea power today demands that this whole problem (of widening the canal) be reexa- mines and that a decision be reached at an early date,” said Capt. R. Fahle, U. S. Navy. His le appeared in the cur- rent issue of U. S. naval institute proceedings, a magazine publish- ——0. | “It has been written that in the event of total atomic war, the cru- cial interval in which the issue might be decided is in the order of the first 48 hours following its joutbreak. Should it jour strategic air command sustain loses during this crucial period which would preclude the full ac- lcomplishment of its mission, the y’s atomic capability would be needed to its fullest extent. This would be a situation of overwhelm- ing urgency to the nation’s very survival. A preventable loss of transfer from one theater to the other of all, or any element, of our seaborne air pow could have happen that | time amounting to 13 days in the | ed by the navy but not represent- ed as setting forth official doc- trine. Capt. Fahle, presently a na: val intelligence officer stationed at San Francisco, was the marine director of the ma Canal Company in 19 Fahle contended that the should be regarded primarily agic consecuences.” Fahle examined several propos- als for widening the Canal d concluded that the so-called “sea level canal” is “the ideal solution sistant to) Pana- trans-isthmian canal”. This plan envisions deepending of Gaillard Cut, elimination of eating locks an auxiliary installation servi which serve to rais transiting .§ Since the na ships 85 feet above sealevel, and new battle carriers have outgrown | construction of a new tidal locks the canal, he erted, this “auxi \at Balboa. Gaillard Cut would: be liary of the fleet” no longer serves | widened in the process its purpose. Capt. Fahle also proposed sev- “The growth and development! eral additional steps to improve of this immense seaborne strength | the utility of the canal from the (the fast carrier task force) strategic standpoint. howe accompanied by a p. | He pointed out that costs doxical limitation of its capabili- ties”, Fahle wrote. “These modern | nal are mounting because existing carriers with their vastly extended locks are operated by machinery of to the question of a truly efficient | operating and maintaining the ca-| There he killed the native chief, | and extended an offer of Spanish | offer, and fled to the neighboring | | mountains. | of Guatemala, Honduras, Nicara- | potential suffer from a loss of mo- bility between the widely separat- ed strategic areas of the Atlantic Panama Canal. Thus, we are de- nied the fullest effectiveness in jthe employment of our primary |seaborne weapon, through the ob- solescence of a vital supporting |component of our seapower.” Fahle said that the 8,000-mile ‘detour that big carriers must take around Cape Horn “drastical- ly decreases” the flexibility of de- ployment of the principal naval forces of the United States. In terms of time, a big carrier is de- layed 13 days in shifting from the Atlantic to the Pacific because the disposition of forces, based on the most infallible intelligence, can- rent in this situation...” Fahle 2 serted, not cure the basic weakness inhe- | ppowered with 25-cycle alternating | electric current. “The periodic replacement of ,payment of dividends on preferr- | and Pacific oceans. This situation | motor, generator, or control com- |ed stock is being constantly kept arises from the fact that none of | ponents in order to keep the pre-| in mind by the company’s direc- these vessels is able to transit the | sent locks in operating requires | tors.” | procurement of such items in the |U. S. at exhorbitant cost on a | custom basis...” he said. “The time {must come, if it has not already, when such uneconomical mainten- ance can no longer be justified. he touched in general on the si-| editorial the paper said: for an early decision | tuation facing the firm in Guate- | modernization | Mala. Bradshaw said that the Gua- been caused among people in the The need with respect to the | thered reinforced.” Fahle also deplored the recent economies which reduced the per- sonnel and facilities of the mecha- nical division of the Panama Ca- nal Company. This division opera- canal passage is denied it, he said. | tes repair facilities including dry- | “The most astute planning and| docks which are “nearly compara-|W@S no le, ble in seale to a continental naval |shipyard”, according to Fahle. He said the economy decision to close the Balboa shops and the ‘No. 1 drydocks was particularly $157,900,000 WO Coffee from Mexico, El show marked increase WASHINGTON —(UP)— The Commerce Department announced that in March the U.S. imported 255,458,000 lbs. of green coffee | valued at $157,900,000, as com- pared with 251,625,000 lbs. valued at $140,292,000 in February. In March, 1953 imports totalled 295,777,000 Ibs. valued at $149, 866,000. According to volume con- siderations then, the U.S, import- ed 14 per cent less coffee in March, 1954 than it did in March of 1953. Coffee imports during the first quarter of this year present a num- ber of record features, as growers and shippers in other countries were obliged to accommodate their activities to rising prices in the U.S. For example, Brazilian coffee, which ordinarily is valued several cents lower than its Colombian counterpart, in March was quoted in customs ware houses at a higher per pound value than was Colom- bian coffee. Slatistienl computation made by the United Press with the aid of official sources disclose that the average per pound value of green coffee brought into the U.S. March, 1953 to 61.8. cents in March, 1954. The per pound value of coffee brought in’ from Brazil increased in just one year from 50.39 cents to 63.13 cents, while that from cents to only 61.45 cents. Per pound value of coffee im- ported from Mexico--at least, from that country’s main growers-re- corded the greatest increase. While the average price in March, 1953 for imported Mexican coffee was 49.47 cents a pound, by March, 1954 the figure was 66.94 cents. Per pound value of coffee im- ported from El Salvador went up RTH OF COFFEE IMPORTED BY U. S. IN MARCH ‘54. —_———0. Salvador and Guatemala in prices since last year a SL Ee over a year period from an average price of 46.55 cents in March, 1953 to 62.61 \from Guatemala increased from |48.14 cents to 58.90 cents during | the same period. | Acording to the | Department, in March, 1954 the U.S. imported coffee from Brazil to the extent of 84,311,000 Ibs. j valued at $53,230,000, as against | 117,611,000 Ibs. valued at $59,267, | 000 in March, 1953. | Coffee imports from Colombia totalled 60,285,000 Ibs. valued at $37,043,000 in March, 1954, while in March, 1953 the figure was 61,011,000 lbs. valued at $34,010, 000 Below ave comparative figures bearing on U.S. green coffee im- ports from other principal sup- pliers the fifst set of figures being those for March of this year, while the second in each case re- present those for March of 1953: Mexico~-21,694,000 Ibs. valued at $14,522,000, as against 22,258, 000 Ibs. valued at $11,010,000. Guatemala~-17,291,000 Ibs. valu- ed at $10,184,000, as against 16,- 631,00 Ibs. valued at $6,562,000. El Salvador--14,399,000 Ibs. valu- ed at $8,977,000, as against 25,- Venezuela~7,471,000 lbs. valued at $5,231,000, as against 15,276,- 940 Ibs. valued at $8,013,000. Angola-9,910,000 Ibs. valued at Ibs. valued at $2,115,000. In March, 1954 the U.S. import- ed roasted coffee to the extent of 409,000 ibs. valued at $320,000, as against 824,535 Ibs. valued at $945,255 om .arcj, 1953. The U.S. imports most of its | Toasted coffee supplies from the |Dominican Republic, Mexico and | Jamaica, cents, while that | Commerce | -unfortunete because skilled per }sonnel were permanently lost while the navy had to fall back on comparable drydocks no closer than 1800 miles away. Fahle said that it is up to the U. S. navy to ponder what the current shortcomings of the Pana ma Canal mean in terms of stra tegic operations of the United States and start to do something about them “Has not the time come when the navy must take the initiative and press vigorously for action which will make the Panama Canal able once more to serve all of the |fleet?” he asked. Guatemala Claims $12 Million from U. $.—Owned Railroad o—— JERSEY CITY, N. J. —(UP)— {Thomas Bradshaw, president of the International — Railw: of 'Central America, said in an an. |nual company meeting attended by stockholders who were asking for payments of dividends on pre- ferred shares that it was vital for the company to retain on hand all the cash that it could. He said that the company currently has about ‘$3,700,000 for reinvestment pur. | poses. Bradshaw told the stockholders: “J want to assure you that the President Bradshaw referred to intervention of the Guatemalan |government in company opera- |tions as far as they concerned !company-workers relations, and of the Panama Canal is thus fur-|temalan government had lodged a aviation world by a recent lclaim with the company for more than 12 million dollars in back taxes on dividends and interest |paymants made by the company to the U. S. government and others | from 1938 on. Mr. Bradshaw add- ed that the company felt there gal basis for the claim which its legal counsel has under | study at present. ‘Bankers Move to N. Y. to Discuss Economy Issues On NEW YORK —(UP)— The se- cond phase has started in the fourth meeting of directors of Central Banks in the Americas at which banking problems of North, Central and South America are be- ing debated One hundred and eight repre- sentatives from 19 countries were guests of the board of for the Federal Reserve System and of the New York City Feder- al Reserve Bank. took place last week in Washing- ton. Three former meetings were |held at Mexico City (1946), in Chile (1949) and Cuba (1952). The president of the Federal Re- serve Bank of New York, Allan Aproul, extended a welcome to the delegates in the following words: “The economic problems with which we must cope on the Ame- rican continent are of great im- portance. Not all of these prob- lems involve central bank or cur- rency considerations, while even some of those involving such con- siderations can’t be solved by cen- tral bank action alone. Despite all the aid that it can afford, the cen- tral bank has to have a sound fis- cal policy accompanying its action as well as sound management of the public debt in order to be com- pletely effective. Central banks can help io promote these policies. “Central banks, which have de- servedly acquired great prestige through the years, can and must use that prestige for the benefit of the public interest, although there are several risks in pursuign such a course.” The opening day’s session was devoted to discussion of recent happenings having bearing on for- eign exchange. The rest of the week’s sessions will deal with en- |couragement of savings and stock exchange promotion, problems re- lated to the development of a bal- anced economy, inflation and eco- nomic development and __ innova- tions in monetary policies. HIGH LEVEL TRADE TALKS BETWEEN ARGENTINA AND ENGLAND TO BEGIN te |Elaborate program prepared to meet the Argentine | delegation headed by Foreign Minister J. Remorino } oO at Lancaster House. On Wednesday the two Argen: LONDON (UP)— Next Tues. day Argentina and Great Britain | will begin trade and economic | tines will attend an intimate lun- | talks here cheon with Thorneydroft while The importance of the talks, | that afternoon the British govern which will be of a general type| ment will tender a state dinner and which will precede any actual!in honor of ntire Argentine negotiations that may follow, was| delegation at Carlton Gardens, the underlined by the fact that the | Foreign Office building. Secreta- | Argentine delegation is being | ry of State Selwyn Lloyd will do |headed by Foreign Minister Jero-| the honors in the absence of For- |nimo Remorino and Economy Mi- | ¢ Minister Anthony Eden who | nister Gomez Morales is currently attending the Geneva | The Bristish ation will be | Conference headed by T: Minister R. A Treasury Minister R. A. Butler | Butler and de Minister Peter | will offer a luncheon for the visi- Thorneycroft. | tors on Thursday, while a dinner The Argentines are to arrive in| and reception will be held at the London by air on Monday aboard an Aerolineas Argentinas plane The two ministers will stay at the Claridge Hotel as official guests of Hispanic Council’s Canning House on the afternoon of the same day. Friday Argentine Ambas- Domi Derisi will tender On sador the British government. | Remorino and Gomez Morales will be re by Queen Eliza beth Tuesday afternoon in Buck ingham Palace. This will be the first social function for Queen Eli zabeth following her return to |London on Saturday after an es {tended iour of British Common wealth nations. Tuesday afternoon Trade Mi nister Thorneycroft will tender a reception and cocktail party in honor of the visiting Argentines Washington Post Favors CAB Merger Plan for South American Airlines a cocktail party at the Argentine embassy. The dates for other functions to be offered in honor of the distin- guished visitors will be announce. ed later. Talks are scheduled to end by May 24 although the, dele it is felt. will avail themselves of the chance ot establish contacts with British manufactures and col- lect opinions among Anglo-Argen- tine circles in London before leav- ing for Germany on May Co pee, directors | The first part of the conference | It represents a constructive proposal for solving a complex airline economic problem WASHINGTON —(UP)— The Washington Post and Times He- rald has published its opinion on | the current issue of commercial would continue to operate with its network of subsidiary lines in the ibbean ar Braniff, which has never played more than third air links between the United fiddle, with Pan Ame being States and Latin America. In an/ the virtuoso and Panagra in the role af second violin, has welcom- “Considerable commotion has ed the recommendation 1S ea could gain control of any route re-|merger, its financial structure commendation of the Civil Aero-| would increase a lot in value nautics Board for creation of an| “There is reason to doubt the independent airline that would | suitability of a step taken by the combine the South American CAB —as did Oswald Ryan in a routes of Pan American-Grace separate opinion— when the board Airways (Panagra) and Braniff Airways. The recommendation re- sulted as an answer to numerous requests for direct service be- tween points in the United States and Latin America. In making its suggestion the CAB had cast a long necded glance at the situa- tion presented by unbalanced competition between +» American airlines giving service in the La- tin American area, and it deserves respect for its courage. “Strong opposition to the re- commendation —as can be under- _stood— has been expressed authorized Braniff to extend its service to South America in 1946. However, the CAB is now faced not with a theory but with a real situation. Subsidy costs are on increase, while individual — effort ought to be emphasized. At the same time it would be the anti- thesis of sound policy to adopt a “solution” so frequently expound- ed ih the past by Pan American —the use of a “chosen instru- ment” or single American airline for air service abroad “The fact that the Justice De- partment has instituted anti-trust |Pan American World Airways, | action in order to force Pan Ame- |which owns 50 percent of Pan/rican to get rid of its interests gra’s stock. By means of arrange-|in Panagra should have no bear- ments with Panagra, Pan Ameri- ing on tne case at issue, because can in effect has been giving ser- the suit shouldn't be prejudged vice on both coasts of South Ame- However and completely ide rica. It is naturally concerned, from thai, the CAB plan to merge since a route merger would leave routes and leave two strong com- it with a new competitor having |petitors —with a few route chan- trans-continental routes to Rio de perhaps— represents a cons- Janeiro and Buenos Aires, while tructive proposal for solving a Pan American would be restricted complex economic problem of the to the east coast (although PAA airlines.” Departing Brazilian Consul in New York Praises Inter-American System o——_——__ “It is an unparalleled example of cooperation”, he says a NEW YORK —(UP)— Jacome Baggi Berenguer C , Brazilian consul general in New York city, told his listeners here: “The inter- American system which was creat- ed more than a_ half-century ago is an unparalleled example of i ternacional cooperation that res on the unmistakable principle of equality for all.” on to say. Mr. Berenguer Cesar the peoples of the Ameri well known common interes that hemispheric unity is some- thing lasting despite momentary disagreements. respect to tok- ens of inter-American friendship, Berenguer Cesar said: “One of these tokens will soon Berenguer Cesar made __ the | be placed in the very heart of New above statement during the course | York where thousands of people of 2 farewell banquet offered in j will see it every day. I have re- his honor by the Pan American | ference to a statue of the illus- Society in connection with his trious Brazilian statesman, Jose coming departure for Colombia | Bonifacio. where he has been appointed Bra-| “This statue is a gift from the zilian ambassador. » | Braziliar people to the city of “I want to avail myself of this| New York. It will be placed at opportunity in order to thank the one edge of Bryant Park, at the Pan American Society for its | intersection of 42nd Street and the splendid work on behalf of streng-| Avenue of the Americas, and it thening inter-American unity | will be the third statue of a South through mutual faith and coopera- | American hero to have been plac- tion and through the huge increase |ed along the Avenue of the Ame- \that has taken place in intra-re-|ricas as a symbol of inter-Ameri- gional trade,” the Brazilian went! can unity.”