Diario las Américas Newspaper, May 13, 1954, Page 8

Inter-American News for English- Speaking people The fl For a better undersiunuimy vetweeh te sinc: For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity MIAMI, FLA., THUR AY, MAY 13, 1954. THE AMERICAS DAILY Published by THE AMERICAS FUBLISHING COMPANY G. A. SAN ROMAN S. SMITH President Vice President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and\ Publisher HORACIO AGUIRRE Editor and Manager | Carlos E, Simons Managing Editor | William H. Scharrer Head of Circulation Dept. Ralph B. Ross Head of Advertising Dept. EDITORIAL AN ANTI-AMERICAN CONSPIRACY ...? A protectionist campaign is under way in the United States in relation to foreign trade, the like ef which has never been seen before. Interested patties are spending money by the handful, making personal contacts with influential people and the! yoters, calling on congressmen, undertaking lecture| tours, and trying to influence other vested interests | which could, at a given moment, give them a major’ ity in Congress. However, strangely enough, little has been noted in the press or in publications sup- porting this campaign. It seems that something sinister in being hatched in certain spheres, as if to create a favorable climate to submit, at the last moment and by surprise, when the time is considered ripe, certain concrete and specific measures deemed sdequate for the end sought. The argument between the two economic theor- ies—protection and free trade—is an old story in the United States. The country for many years adhered to the neo-mercantilist theory based clearly and simply on the doctrine that all exports are good and ali imports eyil. This theory does not take into ac- count the incontestable fact that trade is a process of exchange and that without imports there could be no exports. In 1953, the protectionist campaign was stubborn, but since the 83rd Congress convened, it was clearly seen that the campaign was being direct- ed toward obtaining approval of certain specific laws restricting the importation—through quotas or high tariffs—of some products and raw materials. There were protective bills on the importation of zinc, lead, watches, cheese, and, very significantly, petroleum. This year, President Eisenhower’s point} of view contained in his message to Congress of March 30, 1954-and covering “recommendations concerning the foreign economic policy of the Unit-| ed States”, has been made known. These recom mendations in substance are reiterations of those contained in the “Randall Commision” Report ' known to all. The President has spoken clearly and in good time to the country. The protectionist forces, how-} ever, persist in a backstage campaign directed at the yery source of power, the voters. It is a general and theoretical campaign, not exposing any specific or| cqperete measures which may be had in mind. It is} ircontrast with the President’s attitude of defining | his position frankly and simply, followed up by al bill (H.R. 8860). Just what is the intention of the} protectionists, what do they seek with their tactics) of priming the fuse and holding back the fire until the right time, perhaps until the last minute? \ STABI The Post Favors Operations of Texas tin Plont WASHINGTON —(UP)— The/| Washington Post has urged the U. | S. government to support the Bo-| livian economy by keeping the Texas City tin refinery in opera- tion for another year. As has been announced, the go- MEXICO CITY —(UP)—Mexico has evidently reconciled itself with the idea of a cheaper peso. The |demand for dollars has returned |to normal levels for the first time vernment wants to close the tin smelter down. The Post also urged efforts directed toward diversify- ing the Bolivian economy. “Although the U. S. presently has enough tin on for 6 or 10 year: said, “Senator government keep the Texas City plant in operation for another year.” Commenting on the reasons behind the senator's action, the Post said: “This is an international pro- blem bearing on both political a well as economic considerations. From a strictly economic view- point there are abundayt reasons why the government should give up the activity of tin refining... “The truth of the matter is th tin is involved in security consi- derations, although its _ strategic importance is decreasing. Supplies of tin from South Asia are threat- ened, while Bolivia is the only producer of tin in the Western Hemisphere. However, RFC of- an emergency a better refinery could be built im a year or 15 months... “The United States has unmis kable interest in promoting sta lity in Bolivia. But the long range answer to Bolivian problems do zation-of the tin mining industry but rather of economic diversifi- cation, although Bolivia is still un- able to stand on its own two feet and tin continues to be its main source of dollar income.” Honduran Foreign Ministry Confirms Dulles Charges TEGUCIGALPA, Honduras — (UP)— Commenting on recent statements of American Secretary of State John Foster Dulles in regard to the strike of United Fruit Co. workers now in progress hand to last it | ”, the editorial | Lyndon Johnson has introduced a bill to have the | ficials estimate that in the case of | | |of all speculative capital at large not consist of continuing subsidi- | in the three weeks since it was |announced that the national cur- rency would be devaluated. Bankers and government of- ficials feel that decreased dif- ferences between dollar supply and demand on the free ex- change market are indicative that the confusion which arose as a result of the devaluation measure has come to an end. | being auoted in banks at only a fraction above the official rate of 12.50 pesos to a dollar. The frac- |tion of difference represented |costs of transaction for the banks. Banking circles are showing in. | creasing confidence in the govern | ment’s ability to maintain the peso |at its new level. When devaluation was put into effect-cheapening pe- |so value from 11.6 to 8 American cents government reser of gold land silver were in e of 200 | million dollars. These reserves fell off with purchase of foreign ex |change following the devaluation ep, although the government in- | ists that they are still in excess inside Mexico at this time. Govern ment spokesmen say that liquid -|funds held by the Mexican public -| were dangerously high in April According to these spokesmen, if s|rumors bearing on the flight of capital at that time had been true, | national reserves would have been |unable to meet the demand for dollars. No exact estimates are available At this writing the dollar was | confusion is coming to an end pee reels Ears Imports from U. S. expected to be largely curtailed as the head of operations of the during the rest of this year ey | Pesos held in trust, accounts and | bank desposits could be used for speculative purposes. The govern- ment hewever, feels that the amount is small and that its 2.5 billion peso reserves are sufficient to check the effects of any future \flight of capital Pressures on the country’s cur- |rency reserves are expected to let | up by July when Mexican cotton | exports start and dollars start flow- | ing in as a result | The government is also hope- ful that the domestic trade sit- uation will stabilize in a short while, The April devaluation measure, which stood in stron contrast to former devaluations, had come about partly in res- ponse to trade conditions then prevailing. On previous oca- | sions the government had al- ways allowed a floating ex- | change rate to prevail so that dollar-peso differences might find their own proper level by themselves. Merchants and industrialists suf- fered on those occasions be they couldn’t plan ahead in regard to investments and disbursements. It is generally felt that im- ports— from the U. for the most part— will be considerably curtailed during the rest of this year. This is what government officials believe, at any rate. However, imports will have to increase by the beginning of next year because @f increased demand caused by an éxpanding economy. | Aproximately 10 percent of all | Mexican imports are of the non- essential type. The remainder | constitutes products without which Mexico cannot promote its as to how many of the 8 billion | velopment program. | | |Bankers and government officials say HEAD OF CARIBBEAN LEGION ARRESTED | | MANAGUA -—(UP)— Jorge Ri vas Montes, a Honduran identified | Caribbean Legion, has been arrest ed here, according to a govern | ment announcement. An official communique — said that Rivas Montes was carrying documents which proved that the Legion was connected with the recent abortive plot to assassinate President Somoza. KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ PERU. The ancient capital of | the Ineas. Cuzco, located 10,480 feet above sea level, was founded by Manco Capac in the eleventh | century. The Incas directed their conquests from Cuzco, enlarging their empire as the centur went by. In the year 1500 it stretched from Chile to Colombia, and from the coast of Pert to the jungles of the Amazon, 380,000 miles of territory, including Bolivia and parts of Argentina. Into Cuzco came all the wealth of the conti- nent, since it was the heart of the Empire, linked to its outposts by four main arteries, stone highways leading to the most remote cor. ners of South America. The whole city was rebuilt in 1440, under the Inca chieftain Pachacuti. great plaza of Huakaypata, some of the most sumptuous buildings of the continent were erected and filled with golden images. When the Spaniards conquered the city, _|they found one of the most popul- ous communities in the world, since Cuzco had become a metro- In the | LIZED PESO ASSURED FOR MEXICO U.S. AND MEXICA ~ NUMBER 260 N WORKERS MEET TO DISCUSS MIGRATORY PROBLEMS eC Ry te eee Head of ORIT presides over the meeting held at Nuevo Laredo with Cl LAREDO, | presentatives from |Confederation of workers the CIO and the AFL have begun a three-day session for discussion of the bracero problem at Nuevo La- redo, across the river in Mexico. At the first meeting O. A | Knight, president of the ClO Oil | Workers Union and head of the | American delegation, assured the |conference that both the Ameri can unions and their Mexican col- {leagues felt that they should be j allowed to serve in an advisory | |capacity on the Mexican-Ameri can Immigration Commission that | Was set up as a part of a recently |signed agreement bearing on the | use of Mexican laborers in the U. S. Jesus Yuren, representing the Mexican union, said that his group would insist on such a provision because it “constitutes the first basic step t “ard securing fair | wages and working conditions for; the laborers.” He said he saw no’ Texas —(UP)— Re the Mexican O and AFL delegates reason why the Mexican govern- ment should refuse suen a requese. The meeting result of an international conference bearing on Mexican labor ur tion which took place in Mexico City last December. At tnat ume the United States and Mexico en- 1 in talks r ed to an agree ment for re: ing working con. ditions for thousands of Mexican laborers who cross the American r in an year out, par for work on American arose as ticule farms. Luis A. Monge general of the who is secreta- Inter-Am an ynal Workers Organization, is presiding over the session be- ing held at Nuevo Laredo Frank L. Noakes, representative from the Railroad Workers Union, said that Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. ssional representative for the state of New York, had sent a message expressing hope for a succe meeting and extending a greeting to the delegates from both countries. Army & Clergy, Col constitutional amendme' | BOGOTA —(UP)— War Minis- | ter Gustavo Berrio Munoz said that the army and the clergy should be represented in the Colombian | constituent assembly which is bu- sy at work on amendments to the national constitution Minister Berrio Munoz told the "Hemispheric Convention Will Fight Red Intervention in the Americas MEXICAN GOVERNMENT FULLY SUPPORTING THE MEETING Representatives for the conven-|employed by Kremlin agents to tion against Communist interven- infiltrate our countries and ways tion in Latin America which is to| of coping with such tactics. Our be held in the Mexican capital | aim is to prevent the Soviet from from May 27 to 30 recently stopp-| taking over control of governments ed in the Caracas area where they in the Ameri |polis of more than one hundred | Bogota paper El Tiempo that re- |thousand families, Francisco Piza- | Presentation for the military for \rro arrived in the Spring of 1534,|ces “in the constituent assembly |with his steel-clad conquistadores, | is not only proper but even ne |but the Inca was dead, the tem-|cessary”. Queried by a reporter as |ples had been emptied of their | to whether this constituted an ex \gold. All of Pera was under the {ample of “militarism”. Berrio Mu iron hand of the invaders, and Pi-|0z said that “our program does |zarro had come to divide the | Not envisage the establishement of in Honduras, the foreign ministry were interviewed by newsmen of that country declared that it |/from the local paper, La Esfera had askec three Guatemalan con-| The two men were Florencio suls serving in Honduras to leave | Avila Sanchez, Mexican newspaper- the country because there was|man who was recently expelled evidencethat they had been involv-|from Guatemala during a_ brief ed in the strike. visit to that country, and a Gua- N A a temalan attorney living in exile, Die eo eae ase ioR tn Luis Coronado Lira. The former last Tuesday that there were indi- of the two is secretary of public jeations that the Honduras strike relations for the Mexican People’s wasn’t merely a local phenome- | sae latter is associated with the Anti- Anti-Communist Front, while the The clash of different ideas, the free and frank) discussion of conflicting principles, the call on public) opinion when opinions vary, are the essence of goy-| ernment in this country. To reach the voters them-| selves to convince them, by means of sound reasoning and an abundance of figures and data, on an honest approach of a given subject. The forces supporting protectionism have every right to campaign in favor of their own convictions. Jt does not seem fair, however, to ask the citizens of | this country to take sides on such a complex matter as foreign trade without informing them, until the Jast minute, of all concrete and specific measures intended to be submitted to the Congress of the United States. This attitude smells of conspiracy against the rights assisting every man and woman in the United States to know to the fullest detail whatever specific measures their congressmen plan to propose in Congress. Their support does not mean “carte blanche”. Otherwise, the practice of the pu- blic addressing letters to the lawmakers to let them know the reaction of public opinion regarding certain specific matters, would be useless. Talk is rampant about taking the American people by surprise. Should this be true, it would be an anti-American conspiracy, implying: an attempt t@ deprive the people of their right to prior consider- ation and study of national matters and to advance their opinions as to how congressmen should vote in t@ach instance. It is said that when the time comes for the pertinent Congressional Committee to examine bill H.R. 8860, a plan is afoot to change it radically, though using the same heading and num- ber, and thus placing the President in a difficult position, forcing him to use the veto power. It is rumored that even hearings will not be held to ac omplish this maneuver. It is likewise rumored that specific legislation might appear at the last minute As for the strike itself, no |Communist Front of Guatemalans change has taken place in the si-|in Exile (FAGE) located at San tuation. Estimates place the num- | Salvador. , ber of workers out on strike have | Queried by newsmen, Avila San- joined the stoppage against their Chez said that the meeting's essen- will, | tial purpose will consist of garner- |ing popular support for the anti- The Federation of University Communist resolution adopted at Students and labor organizations the Caracas inter-American con- in Tegucigalpa are collecting funds | ference last March. to assist the strikers and ‘their| Avila said, “We shall have an families. logeueaintty to review the tactics to nullify the effect of a bill based on the President’s suggestions. The unprecedented activity displayed by prot- ectionists and the secrecy surrounding the measures they propose to submit is rather strange. Tactics of this kind will not gain the support of the American people. Men and women in this country should be informed with frankness and sincerity. They like to be consulted on the country’s affairs. On another occasion we shall examine the dis- astrous effects resulting from the adoption of a protectionist system in the foreign policy of the United States through legislative action of this kind. We shall then see what this would mean for the entire Western Hemisphere, for also Americans tinent. We all are Americans, and we are all inter- ested in a move of this- nature. We cannot talk o political solidarity if it does not go hand in hand with economic solidarity. What we want to ask today is: what is behind this silent and hidden campaign to enlist followers withcut disclosing to them definite plans or measures? We are against the blind support of merely general principles with- out thorough knowledge of the facts and projects that may be translated into laws. We ask all Americans in this Continent to be on the alert! : f i are all those born in the other republics of the con-| | Avila Sanchez said that “any po- litieal or cultural associations may send delegates to the convention provided, of course, that such or- ganizations are genuinely anti- Communist.” “I car assure you,” Avila San- chez went on to say, "so that you may get an idea of the size of the |convention, that we will have in attendance such persons as Dr. Emilio Frugoni, an Uruguayan cialist who once served as his country’s ambassador in the Soviet | Union, and Pimentel Brandao and | Andres de Sica, the latter two of differing political persuasions, the |former of whom served at one |time as Brazilian ambassador to the Soviet while the second served at the same post for Argentina.” The Mexican | anti-Communist leader said that the convention shad received the full support of the Mexican administration of Pre- sident Adolfo Ruiz Cortines and that the expenses of delegates will |be paid by the Mexican govern- ment during the course of the congress. | According to hopes expressed |by the organizers, around 400 re- | presentatives from all over Latin |America will attend the meeting. In Venezuela the Copi party, Mer. | Jesus Meria Pellin and the Fed- eration of Independent Workers were contacted in regard to atten- dance. Other missions from the con- vention are traveling in the Cen- tral American area, extending in- vitations so that the convention will be a proper success. Army of 40 Million Men is Envisaged BOGOTA —(UP)— Brig. Gene- ral Alfredo Duarte Blum, com- |mander-in-chief of the Colombian ‘army, saia that “all the countries of the Western Hemisphere should be prepared to offset any invasion move by supporting the United States, which is the mightiest pow- jer in a fight for protection of de- | mocratic institutions.” | He added that the inter-Ameri- can army had not yet been formed because “conditions haven’t been | favorable, but we can be sure that within a few years the Americas will have 40,000,000 men under }arms for immediate movilization jin case of an attack by a foreign power,” , spoils. Two years later, however, | came the uprising of the vanquish- |ed, and Cuzco was under siege. held off an Indian army of more than two hundred thousand, and |when at last the siege was bro- ken most of the city was in ruins. | Spaniards themselves, which for |twelve years kept the street of |Cuzco stained with blood. After 1550 the days of the conquistado- |a Viceroy was sent to administrate |the new kingdom. Cuzco entered | then its colonial phase and the In- |dians resigned themselves to a peace that was very neat to salv- ery. For two centuries the city | leaders lived almost like kings. All | built colonial mansions, every one | had an army of Indian servants at his command. The arts flourished and magnificent churches were erected. A school of art, Escuela Cuzquensa, was founded, and was |the point of origin of hundreds of paintings. TUPAC AMARU direct des cendant of the Inca chieftains, led in 1783 another revolt against the city. It was devastating, and the whole region was convulsed and bathed in blood, until the King’s troops arrived and put an end to the conflict in a series of bloody battles. Tupac Amaru was senten- ced to death, and executed in one of the cruelest ways that the In- dians themselves used against their enemies. His arms and legs were tied to four horses, which pulled in the four directions of the Inca Empire putting and end not only to Tupac Amaru, but to the last vestige of Indian revolt. But revolution was in the air, and all over South America voices were raised demanding more liberties for the people, and a new future was beginning to form for Cuzco. Those of the wealthy families who could, left for Spain, taking as much of their property, and Cuzco fell into decline. By 1820 all of Pe- ru was at war, general San Martin was in Lima, and royalist armies held the Andes. Cuzco saw its fi- nal touck of greatness when it was made capital by La Serna, the last Viceroy of Pert. From Cuzco the wanning fortunes of Spain were directed, but after the battle of Ayacucho, in 1824, the power |of Spain was forever ended in the Americas. ‘Spanish Version Pag. 3, _ | For months a handful of Spaniards | Then came civil wars among the | res ended, laws were enacted and | | {new practices whereby a military cast would be formed within the framework of the national govern- ment, for we want only to contri- bute with our influence to nation al recovery”. The minister added tha the clergy should also have its own representation "because it is a spiritual force of the first order” The national constituent assem | bly was set up by a government that was overthrown by the mili- tary coup of June 13, 1953, with the Conservative party overwhelm- | ingly represented in that body. Li- beral party leaders recently select ed had asked President Roj Pi- nilla several days back to increase Liberal party representation un til it equalled that of the Conser- vatives, but up until now no of- ficial viewpoints on the matter have been disclosed. The assem- bly declared itself in recess on June 15 last year after ratifying the legality of President Rojas Pi- nilla’s tenure of office In a reference to the meeting BY G. B. aqui here (near the speaker) este libro that book esta casa that house ‘Constituent Assembly Should Include ombian Chief Says War Minister Gustavo Berrio Munoz refers to nts now being planned now being held by the constituent assembly. the minister said he felt that “even though it has confirm- ed the authenticity of the Pre dent’s title, in order to remain faithful to a tradition that has been in effect for many years, it should authenticate that title once agains.” Horseback Goodwill Tour Continuing WASHiNGTON —(UP)— _ Se- norita Ana Becker, who rived here last week after a horseback ride of more than three years from her home in Argentina, plan- ned to continue her tour to Cana- da Sefiorita Becker said she is mak- ing the jour unofficially and with the aid of the Argentine people, as a demonstration of the friend- ship of Argentina for the other countries of the Western Hemi- sphere, especially the United States. She expected to in New York in about 15 traveling some 25 miles a day and after re- mainig there some 10 days con- tinue on horset to Canada. Senorita Becker said that when she passed through New Orleans enroute to Washington she was made an honorary citizen of that city by its mayor, Delesseps Mo rrison. Since arriving here, Senorita Becker has paid her respects at the Argentine embassy and at the Argentine delegation to the Orga nization of American States. rrive BEGINNERS’ SPANISH Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. este and esta this (near the speaker) alli there (far away from the speaker) aquel and aquella that (far away from the speaker) aquel libro that book aquella casa that house ahi there (location between aqui and alli) ese and esa that (location between hay there is, there are Translate into Spanish: There is a boy in this room. 3.— city. 4.—There is a pretty girl in children in the school. 6.—Johns’: 1.—There are aqui and alli) five books here. 2.— The are beautiful houses in this the house, 5.—There are ninety s grandfather has five sons and eight grandsons. 7.—The are two dogs and a cat in this house, 8.— That (far away from the trees in this garden (jardin). LOS COLORES blanco amarillo verde rojo azul violeta naranja moreno, castaio negro speaker) (location between aqui and alli is Charles’ son. house is new. 9,—That boy 10.—There are many (The colors) white yellow green red blue violet orange brown black