Diario las Américas Newspaper, May 7, 1954, Page 8

Inter-American News ‘ for English- Speaking people ‘She f For a better understanding between the Americas MIAMI, FLA., SATURD AY, MAY 7, 1954. For Liberty, Culture and Hemispheric Solidarity NUMBER 2 THE AMERICAS DAILY Published by THE AMERICAS rUBLISHING COMPANY S. SMITH Vice President G. A. SAN ROMAN President FRANCISCO AGUIRRE Vice President and Publisher HORACIO AGUIRRE Editor and Manager Carlos E. Simons Managing Editor Ralph B. Ross Head of Advertising Dept. William H. Scharrer Head of*Circulation Dept. EDITORIAL TRADE BY LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES WITH THE SOVIET UNION AND L ITS SATELLITES 4 During the course of the past year Soviet econ- omic and political policy makers have strained every effort to expand Soviet foreign trade, and with a view to such expansion they have undoubtedly formulated plans‘ to assure new outlets for Soviet- made products. The trade pacts which the Soviets have signed with Great Britain afford one an unmistakable insight into the clever methods with which the Rus- sians have been trying to broaden their world trade) contacts. The intense concern which Great Britain has shown toward an intensifification of her com- mercial relations: with the Russians has caused| definite alarm in the minds of some observers of world events. : With aid extended to it by the United States, British industry succeeded in recovering from its wartime damages, and now it is busy trading on a scale and under terms which favor the Soviet Union inore than they do the British, for the businessmen) of England are dealing with an avowed enemy of their strongest ally—the United States—which had enabled them to stage an economic comeback. . In accordance with overall Soviet policy, Rus sia’s satellite countries have stepped up their trade with certain Latin American nations, and perhaps to a degree not yet generally suspected. It is extremely unfortunate that these Latin countries have allowed themselves to be swayed by the expediency of momentary advantages to trade} with the Western world’s most powerful enemy. | The Russians have been dangling a variety of| attractions designed to appeal to the Latin American nations and convince them that it is to their adv-| antage to trade with Soviet satellites. The Russians | have even gone to the extreme of dispatching of- ficial trade missions to the Latin American area and extending official invitations for commercial talks inside Russia in regard to trade possibilities. A distinguished Latin American director of the Inter-American Press Association recently addres- sed a gathering in Detroit where he pointed out the threat posed by Russian commercial inf iltration. He said that U. S. exports to the Latin American area reached a high point in 1952 with a declared value of | $3,480,000,000, while last year those exports fell off | in value by $350,000,000, and the end is still not in) sight. . It is to the advantage of both the United States vand the Latin American countries themselves to see) to it that the Soviets receive no commercial benefits| from either of them, and it is up to the United States to find some way—and quickly—whereby its Latin American neighbors will be able to pay the sort of | prices that will allow them to continue consuming American-made goods. If it doesn’t do so, United) States foreign trade will suffer even more from the loss of Latin American markets, and at the same time the Russian economy will continue to derive ever greater benefits for its anti-United States and anti-Western campaign. : ; Nearly Eleven Million Dollar Profit Reported by W. R. Grace & Co. in 1953 overnment Overthrown in Para Guatemalan consulates ordered closed by Honduras government TEGUCIGALPA. —(UP)— In a swift move the Honduran govern- ment ordered Guatemalan consul- ates closed at Puerto Cortes and San Pedro Sula after it learned that both consulates “were using the mails to spread ideas and prac- tices designed to alter the democ- ratic form of government in Hon- duras to the detriment of public order.” Meanwhile, a general strike continues in the banana-growing. areas along the northern coast of Honduras. KNOW THY NEIGHBOR By ANTONIO RUIZ MEXICO—In the year 1530, Nu- fio de Guzman, one of the trusted lieutenants of the Spanish conquer- or ‘Cortés, was sent to subdue the rebellious Indians of the Kingdom of New Galicia, and he successful- ly fought his way into that rich virgin territory, where he estab- lished an outpost. After peace had been restored, the settlement grew and was given the name of Guada- lajara by Captain Juan de Ofate, in honor of his commander Nuno de Guzman, who was born in the Spanish city of the same name. The city subsequently became the capital of New Galicia and in 1560, by decree became the Episcopal power of western Mexico. Noted as the center of early reform move- ments, as well as for the liberal policies of its rulers, the city grew slowly but steadily, becoming with time, one of the most important communities of the Republic. To- day Guadalajara is the second larg- est city in Mexico, famous through- out the land because of its indus- tries, its fine pottery and, above all, because of its traditions and great culture. It is the seat of a University, has a splendid museum housing colonial arts and crafts, a Cathedral and numerous churches containing masterpieces such as a genuine Murillo depicting the As- sumption of the Virgin Mary. José Clemente Orozco, Mexico's famed muralist, executed some of his finest murals here, decorating the walls of the University and Orphan- age with his powerful paintings. Enjoying an unexcelled year-round climate, the citizens of Guadalaja- ra pursue their daily tasks with that serenity, combined with thor- oughness, which characterizes the | real tempo of Mexico. IN GUADALAJARA, when the day’s work has been done, folks from all walks of life dedicate themselves to simple and whole- some pleasures. Music may then be heard within flower filled patios and corridors, while wandering troubadours, better known as “Ma- riachis”, play before groups gath- ered together for refreshments under the Portales of Tlaquepaque. Sunday afternoons and holidays are given over to excursions to nearby, picturesque Chapala, to feats of horsemanship and to rodeos, wher- ever they can be staged. Life is colorful and interesting in Guada- lajara. Deeply religious, the city It represents a 39% increase on 1952 figures ——_ -.Q—__—_ NEW YORK —(UP)— A yearly last April 30 on foreign trade po- report published by W. R. Grace licy. Among other sound recom- and Company stated that the com- | mendations, the President request- pany’s total net profits had ed that the Reciprocal Trade amounted last year to 10,959,077 | Agreement act be extended for dollars, which represents a 39 per- | three more years and he supported cent increase, as compared with | proposals made by the commis- profits reported for 1952. sion on foreign economic policy The report adds that common (Randall Commission) which fa- stock dividens were $3.76 per | vored selected reduction of trade share, as compared with $2.65 for | barriers, more equitable tax treat- the previous year. ment for American companies and | private investors operating ab- Textile plants, sugar mills fac | oag and mor ini i ; i , e definite anti-trust ‘tories and other holdings of the 1,4.” as far as -the operation of Grace and Co. in Latin America U. S. firms i . a 7 : 5 i 8. s in foreign countires is increased their production over Govineriad: 1952 levels, reaching record fig- “Our optimism about the fu- , ures in some cases. ture of South America is based, A letter to stockholders Wwas/as jt has always been on facts. sent out by J. Peter Grace, presi- Population is increasing at the dent of the company, expressing | amazing rate of 2.5 per cent per- Grace's pleasure at future business | year, a figure which surpasses any prospects in Latin America, The | other area in the world. Living letter said in part: | standards are constantly improv- “All those interested in trade with Latin America must feel en- couraged by the message Presi- dent Eisenhower sent to Congress jing and this power clib should |mean growing industries in those countries, an ever increasing in- tra-regional trade and healthy celebrates all religious holidays with great pomp and ceremony, but especially on October 4th, when the statue of the greatly venerated Virgin of Zapopan is taken from her church to others and then re- turned amidst much festivity. Na- ture endowed the nearby land with a special’ kind of clay discovered at an early date to be excellent for the manufacture of clay figures and all kinds of pottery. Maintain- | ing the traditions of the early founders, the descendants of 16th century artisans today produce in workshops some of the most beauti- ful figures of clay and pottery of the Republic. Tlaquepaque, a su- burb easily reached, is the center of this industry, and there may be seen the artisans at work, baking and decorating their wares with native stylizations of exquisite and original design. Truly colonial in its general aspect, the city has nevertheless not lagged behind in modern improvements. Civil mind- ed administrations have widened some of the main streets, beautifi- ed others, but have kept intact the magnificent colonial edifices and historic monuments. Spanish Version Pag. 3 ——0. PRES. CHAVES REPORTED IMPRISONED ees ee |Army uprising led Cavalry Divisi According to reports supplied by travelers reaching Buenos Aires |from Paraguay, a revolutionary | movement which was disclosed by the Paraguayan government is still going on, although the situation remains confused. Official Paraguayan sources had | announced at first that the rebel- lion, which was fomented by the | Acacaraya cavalry division _ sta. | tioned in the capital city of Asun- |cion, had been mastered by pro- | government forces. | Although the Paraguayan go- | vernment has imposed a state of | siege (partial martial law) on the |country, reports which have leak- }ed out say that rebels opposing |the régime of President Federico | Chaves are headed by a triunvirate | composed of Epifanio Mendez Fle- itas, former president of the Para- |guayan Central Bank; General | Diaz de Vivar, who is presently |residing in Rio de Janeiro and a | Lieutenant Ferreira, who is the commanding officer of the Para- guayan army’s First Cavalry Divi- sion. Reports from Clorinda, which lies opposite Asuncion accross the Paraguay River, said that the rebels had seized sections of the capital, including the building which houses the post office and telegraph services and the sea- plane base. Reports also said that President. Chaves and his cabinet had taken refuge in the national war college. Trustworthy . government sources in Rio de Janeiro had it on the authority of private re- ports from Asuncion that Presi- dent Chaves was -a prisoner of the rebels and that the chief of police was killed in the uprising. The Brazilian foreign office re- ported that it hadn't received any news from its embassy in Asun- cion all day long. The Paraguayan embassy in Buenos Aires had no news to report from Asuncion, although it had been besieged with calls from Pa- raguayan residing in the Argenti- ne capital. | The Argentine government te- lephone agency said that tele- phone lines were down between be successful 0, Rumors say a new cabinet has been formed ——_o—___ by the Acacaraya, on believed to , Formosa, in the northern part of | | Argentina, and the city of Asun- cion, A plane of the Argentine line | Aerolineas arrived on time at the | Buenos Aires seaplane base, but | police confiscated its passenger | |list. However, four Argentine tra- | veler who disembarked from the plane said that they had heard | shooting going on in Asuncion | when they left that city late in | the morning. | Reports from Clorinda, opposite Asuncion, said that the situation in the Paraguayan capital was still | confused, with the spectacle of de- serted streets and a suspension of boat service between the two the capital have been going un-| answered. Travelers arriving at Clorinda | said they understood the was split, with one faction in re- volt and the other still supporting Chaves. The navy was reported on | the rebel side. WASHINGTON —(UP)— Re-| ports of a revolt in Paraguay | against the government headed by President Federico Chaves _ in-/| trigued Latin American diplomats stationed in this capital. Diplomats stressed that no of-| ficial reports on the outbreak had | yet reached Washington and that | the only information they had ab- out the rebellion was that which had been supplied so far by news agencies. | United Press dispatches from | various points in Argentina touch- | ing on the Paraguayan affair were given front page displays by all important U. S. dailies yesterday | morning. | CLORINDA, Argentina .(UP) Communications with the Para- guayan capital from this Argen- tine town are still broken, with river boat service suspended, However, the general impres- sion here is that Paraguayan forces which rebelled against the régime of President Chaves had come out victorious, Other rumors —still not con- firmed— say that a new cabiner has been formed in Paraguay. Trade Conditions Large harvests and rising prices are posing threats to economies of sugar-growing nations LONDON (UP) Large harvests and a rise in world sugar pro- duction are depressing prices to the point of posing many sugar-growing _ countries, and the World Sugar Council has order to take steps designed to restore producer confidence in markets and shore up falling prices. It had been hoped at first that a council created for the purpose of administering a world sugar agreement which went into effect around the first of this year would restore confidence and equilibrium in the world sugar trade: Since that time, however, the price curve has inclined toward the lower ranges of price stabili- {3.25 and 4.35 cents--just when the apply export quotas against sugar- producing countries. While the sugar agreement allows the council export to cut basic quotas by a maximum figure of 20 per cent, three-fourths--or 15 per cent- of that maximum reduction has already been put |into effect. Inasmuch as confidence in the sugar market is still shaky, the council may make a further 5 per cent reduction in basic quotas-a here in London feel that such a Sugar Council Meets to Seek. Better sugar | zation levels which vary between | in World Market 2 Wet ,duce a further export quota cur- tailment. | Both Cuba and the Dominican | Republic are reported to have} regarded a final 5 per cent re- ‘duction with favor, and it has been rumored here that the Cuban Sugar Stabilization Institute has decided to request another 5 per cent cut-one in addition to the 20 per-cent already allowed. | If the 5 per-cent reduction allowable under present terms of the world sugar pact were to go {into effect, as far as member | coutnries having export quotas |of 50,000 tons or more are con- cerned, the total reduction would ) amount to a 222,000 ton figure, |so that member countries would | then have an over-all export quota | totaling 3,724,000 tons. With an | additional estimated 200,000 ton de ficit to be taken into account, the actual over-all export quota would then be around 3,500,000 tons. How- ever, sugar stocks of non-member countries would also have to be added to this estimate. The Lon- don sugar firm of Czarnikow es- timates that the later figure would amount to around 800,000 tons. As a result of the above con- siderations, sugar trading circles in this city are little optimistic in regard to the results of measures which the council may take for re- storal of confidence in the market cut will still be © insufficient to| unless the world sugar pact is restore proper confidence. amended so as to enable the coun- It is generally felt that the | cil to take steps even more drastic meeting which the council is hold-| than those which have been pro- ing this week will certainly pro- | posed up to now. jFLASH! POSADA, Argentina. (UP) —The Colorado party of Para- guay has formed a government junta in Asuncion headed by Tomas Romero Pereyra, it was learned here. BUENOS AIRES. (UP) Last minute dispatches from Clorinda say that General Al- fredo Stroener, commander-in- chief of the Paraguayan army, spoke over the radio saying that the military uprising had been quelled and that order had been restablished. He did not mention President Federico Chaves. 30 Million pesos fo be Paid by Chile to British LONDON —(UP) and banking cirel Financial in the city cities. The reports said that both | of London are watching with con-| telephone and radio messages to) siderable interest the terms the | Chilena government will grant for |the remittance of money British | shareholders will receive on the army | sale of the Nitrate Railways Com- | pany to the Chilean government. According to an estimate made by the company some time ago it expects to receive eventually from Chile a sum of 30,000,000 pesos from the sale of the com- pany’s assets in Chile. The rate of exchange which the Chilean government will grant for) the remittance of this money is being awaited with interest as 2 pointer to other investors in Chi- le whose holdings may in the fu- ture be taken over by Chilean in- | terests, The informed and widely read jounal “the Investors Chronicle” said that a transfer at the free rate would be “unthinkable” since this rate has been deteriorating rapidly during recent years. The Investors Chronicle _ said: “It would indeed be a complete |farce to take the free rate as the | basis of payments for assets, the replacement value of which must | have risen substantially since the purchase price was fixed. If the company was unable at the time of the sale to make binding ar- rangements as regards the ex- change rate, then this is a strong case for a special rate to be ap- plied, and both the company and her majesty’s government should take energetic steps to see that this is done.” Ban on Use of Non Mexican Jurors Ruled Illegal 0. WASHINGTON +-(UP)— The Supreme Court found that Jack- son County, Tex. has been violat- |ing the Constitution by keeping American citizens of Mexican an- cestry off juries. The decision was unanimous. Chief Justice Earl Warren wrote the opinion. The court again did not rule on the major question it has under consideration —whether racial se- gregation in public schools should be permitted to continue. It may announce its verdict on the next decision day, May 17. It will ad- journ for the summer early in June. Action on the Texas case, re- versed the life sentence given Pete Hernandez, 25, for the fatal shooting in May, 1951, for another Mexican-American, Joe Espenosa, 46, a cotton planter. Hernandez may now be tried again under a new jury system. It is possible, however that the second _ trial could be held before non-Mexican jurors. The Texas Court of Crimi- nal Appeals had affirmed the con- viction, despite agreement by all concerned that no one of Mexi- can name had served on a jury in Jackson County for the past 25 years. In 1935 the Supreme Court held in the Scottsboro case that ab- sence of Negroes from juries over a long period of time, when there were qualified Negroes in the com- munity, was proof in itself of sys- tematic exclusion. guay? “Measures Taken by Batista do not Guarantee free Exercise of Popular | Democratic Rights”, Prio States He calls for creation of a united civic front } ee | MIAMI —(UP— Former Cuban | President Carlos Prio Socarras, whose government was overthrown | by a military coup on March 10, | 1952, said here that “under no cir- |cumstance” did he want to be re |stored to the office of president of Cuba. In regard to recent measures adopted by the cabinet of Presi- !dent Fulgencio Batista, Prio said | that they “are ineffec as far as |concerns their constituting guar- | antees for the free exercise of po- | pular democratic rights.” 1 A statement handed to newsmen | by Dr. Prio said: | “First of all, the measures adopt |ed by the de facto régime in Cuba for the purpose of carrying for- | ward their proposed election plans which are designed to retain Ba- tista as president against the will of the Cuban people, are ineffect jive as far as concerns their consti- | tuting guarantees for the free exer. jcise of popular democratic rights which were destroyed on March 10, 1952 The practices which are to be restored by a return to constitu- tional government via popular suf- frage must stem from previously established harmony among the various political forces of the coun- jtry and must not stem from ar- | bitrary, unilateral decisions which |have been devised by the single WASHINGTON. —(UP)— Rep- |resentatives from the Central Banks of hemispheric nations be- | gan a one-week meeting here that will be featured by discussion of |currency matters of mutual inter- | est. | William McChesney, chairman of the board of governors of the | U.S. federal reserve system, wel- comed the more than 50 financi experts who are attending the con- vention. Leopoldo Casas, who is re- presenting the Central Bank of Cuba, answered on behalf of the visiting delegates. The bank re- presented by Casas had been the host at a previous meeting in Ha- vana. Casas was forced to assume purpose of remaining in power. condly, my stand in respect to events in Cuba is quite clear and I want to reiterate it formally: I have no personal aims at stake and I am frec from any resentment or desire to stage a comeback. I have no ambition for power, Un- der no circumstance shall I ask to be restored to office as president of Cuba. My only wish is that Cuba may find a democratic solution for its problems as soon as possible through peaceful agreement. For this reason I feel that I am justi- fied in maintaining that I am interpreting the popular — will through my denunciation of this most recent tactic of the usurpers. At the same time I am making an earnest appeat to the leaders of all opposition parties and groups, to our valient youth and to the citi- zenry in general to join ranks and claim those inalienable rights of the people to decide freely as to their destinies. I want the repre- sentatives of those groups to whom I am earnestly appealing to reflect on the fact that their splits and antagonisms are factors which help in nourishing the moral, political, social and economic evils that are burdening the nation. There is still time to create a united civic front endowed with invincible power that will secure the rights and principles which are indispen- sable to untrammeled popular de- cision.” FINANCIAL EXPERTS CONVENE AT _ WASHINGTON IN HEMISPHERIC MEET Pee Delegates from all American nations participate being held behind closed doors in the State Department building. | Delegates wili proceed to the New York area next Monday, fol- lowing the fourth conference of its type to be held since the end of World War II. In addition to jthe U.S. federal reserve system, the conclave is being attended by representatives from the Ar- gentine Central Bank, the Bolivian | Central Bank, the Brazilian Super- | intendency of Currency and Credit, the Bank of Brazil, the Bank of |Canada, the Costa Rican Central | Bank, the National Bank of Cuba, the Central Bank of the Dominican | Republic, the Ecuadorean Celta Bank, the Central Reserve Bank temporarily duties that would have | of El Salvador the Bank of Gua- ordinarily fallen the lot of his bank’s president —Dr. Joaquin Martinez Saenz— who failed to re- |ach Washington in time to attend |the opening session. World Bank President Eugene Black and Ivar Rooth, director- | manager of the International Mo- |netary Fund, also delivered spe- |eches of welcome to the delegates. |The inaugural session was held in the main room of the Federal Reserve System building. The dis- cussions themselves, however, are ted francés? (French). lee mucho, 5—Maria lee poco y bien. 7—Me gusta leer libros de gusta leer novelas (novel). 10—A mi no me gusta escribir. 3—No, sefor. No hablo francés, temala, the Banque Nationale de la République d’Haiti, the Hondur- | an Central Bank. the Bank of Mex- ico, the Nicaraguan National Bank, | the Peruvian Central Reserve Bank the Venezuelan Central Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruc- tion and Development, the Orga- nization of American States, the |U. N. Economic Commission for |Latin America and the Latin Ame- rican Center for Currency Studi- es. BEGINNERS’ SPANISH | BY G. B. Palacin Professor of the University of Miami, Fla. Vocabulary (Vocabulario) mucho,—a (much) is the opposite of peco,—a (little) muchos,—as (many) Is the opposite of pocos,—as (few) hablar to speak leer to read escribir to write Yo hablo leo escribo tu hablas lees escribes usted, él, ella habla lee escribe nosotros,—as hablamos leemos escribimos vosotros,—as hablais leéis escribis ustedes, ellos, ellas hablan leen escriben leo el periéddico 1 read the newspaper escribe una carta he (or she) writes a letter habla espamol he (or she) speaks Spanish EXERCISE Translate into English: 1—Escribo con una pluma. 2—jHabla us- 4—Carlos 6—Este nifio lee 8—A Carlos le escribe mucho. historia (history). 9—A este nino le gusta hablar mucho. 40 cuarenta 50 cincuenta | 60 sesenta 70 setenta 80 ochenta 90 noventa 100 ciento, cien 101 ciento uno,—a 110 ciento diez