Evening Star Newspaper, May 18, 1940, Page 4

B 4 Strategic Materials Needed by Army Here Largely Imported Most of Manganese, Tin, And Chromium Shipped In; U. S. Has Some Tungsten This is the second of a series of articles discussing “strategic” and “critical” materials required by American industry—especially in manufacture of war supplies, By OLIVER McKEE. The Army and Navy Munitions Board recently published a pamph- let on’ strategic and critical ma- terials. This pamphlet contained & map showing the world sources of the materials listed by the board as “strategic” for the United States. Though Canada, Central and South America are important sources of supply for some of these vital ma- terials, the map strikingly reveals our dependence on far distant foreign sources for many of these commodities. Africa, Asia, Aus- tralia, Europe and Russia all pro- duce large quantities of smaterials which are essential to national de- fense and American industry. Of the 14 strategic materials listed by the munitions board, four were given special emphasis by War De- partment officials who appeared before the House Military Affairs Committee last year. Manganese finds its principal use in the manufacture of steel. Other uses are in dry batteries, fertilizer and in paint and varnish. High grade manganese is essential in the manufacture of steel. In the steel industry it serves twp purposes, first as a deoxidizer and purifying agent, and second as an alloying WAR'S PARADE OF PATHOS—Pushing their bables along a road leading from the lines of war, these Belgian mothers pre- Large Labor Supply Ready for Defense Jobs, Say Leaders element. For every ton of steel produced, the industry uses approxi- mately 14 pounds of manganese in the form of ferro-manganese. Manganese Sources. In normal years, more than 90 per ¢ent of the world’s manganese supply comes from Soviet ia, British India, Africa and Brazil, Russia usually accounts for one- half of the world production. Cuba produces a little. The combined out- put of Brazil and Cuba, however, would supply only a part of the needs of the United States. In 1939, the United States im- ported 627,000 tons of manganese. Most of this came from Russia, British India, or Africa, Science has yet to discover a fitisfnctory substitute for manganese in the manufacture of steel. Our domestic resources of matallurgical grade ore are very small. Hence the import- ance of a reserve stock of man- ganese to national defense. The main use of chromium is in the manufacture of high-grade alloy, and corrosion-resisting steels. Chromium is also used in the making of brick and cement, and in the chemical industry for electro-plating, dyeing, and tanning. Perhaps the best known of the many ferro-alloys for which chromium is used is stain- less steel, which contains about 18 per cent chromium. With the shift from straight carbon tc alloy steels, chromium is assuming an increased industrial importance Chrorhite Sowrces. Five countries produce three- fourths of the worlds supply of chromite, the mineral from which chromium is principally derived. These five in the order of their im- nortance are Soviet Russia, Southern Rhodesia, the Union of South Africa, Turkey and Cuba. In the Western Hemisphere, Cuba is the only sizable producer of chromite, and its output is far/less than American consump- tion. Cuban ore, furthermore, is not the type that can be satisfactorily used in the manufacture of ferro- chrome, the intermediury ferro-alloy employed so extensively by the American steel industry. Since domestic procuction is negli- gible, the United States is almost entirely dependent on overseas ship- ments for its supplics of chromite. In 1938 we imported 352,085 long tons of chromite. The same year domestic production totaled oniy 812 tons. The steel industry uses tungsten | to produce high speed tool steel. Be- | cause of the mass production needed ! in modern war, tool steel for high- speed. machining is of great im- portance. In addition to its use for high-speed tool steei, tungsten finds a place in thie manufacture of lamp filaments, non-ferrous alloys, electri- cal contacts, and electrodes. The chemical industry slso consumes substantial quantities of tungsten. An important military use is as an alloy in armor-piercing bullet cores. Tungsten Sources. Though the United States is an important producer, during the last 14 years we have imported 50 per cent more tungsten than we have produced. China, Burma and Bolivia are the most important foreign sources of supply. Because of its many industrial uses, and the fact that domestic productipn is negligible, tin presents a serious strategicmineral prob- lem. As a container for food, tin is essential to the food industry. Large quantities of tin are also used in the manufacture of automobiles, bearings, solders, bronzes and gun |- metals. In war, or other emergency, only a small part of our require- ments could be met by recovering tin from old scrap metals with a tin content. The United States normally con- sumes 75,000 long tons of tin an- nually, or approximately 45 per cent of the world output. During the period 1901-1938 domestic pro- duction has averaged less than 0.1 per cent of national consumption. The principal producers of tin are the Malaya States, the Nether- lands East Indies, Bolivia, Siam and China. During the last five years the United States has ob- tained 81 per cent of its foreign supplies of tin from Asia, 18 per cent from Europe and 1 per cent from other countries. Though Bolivia produces substantial quan- titles of tin ore, the b of it goes to Europe for refining, because smelting facilities in the Western Hemisphere are inadequate. Allies and Norwegians Ready to Take Narvik By the Associated Press. STOCKHOLM, - May - 18.—Allied and Norwegian troops were reported last night about ready to enter Nar- vik, far-north Norwegian ore port, which has been besieged by the allies since shortly after German troops captured it over a month ago. Reports from the Narvik sector said French “Blue Devils” (Alpime troops) were pounding ceaselessly A. F. L. Executive Council Pledges Support in National Program Pledging its “active and eo-oper- ative support” with industry and the Government in the emergency national defense program, the Ex- ecutive Council of the American Federation of Labor, in a statement issued yesterday, declared that there is no shortage of skilled mechanics in the United States, and predicted that “every requirement for skilled and semi-skilled workers in an ex- panding industry for national de- fense can be met without serious difficulty.” The Executive Council is holding its spring meeting here this week. In adjournment today, it will meet again on Monday. Meanwhile, C. I. O. President John L. Lewis demanded in New York that labor’s right to speak and act be fully protected in any national progra mto forge the implements of defensive warfare, the Associated Press reported. Lewis Wants Gains Protected. “I maintain now, and I shall maintain in the future, that the protection of this Government must rest upon the shoulders and in the hands of free-born American citi- zens enjoying their rights under the Constitution and under the statutory enactments of Congress,” he said. He spoke to a convention of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, admonishing them to de- mand that in any program of na- tional defense current social legisla- tion be kept intact. Labor, Mr. Lewis said, “is fully in accord with the necessity for na- tional defense.” “Emergency Faces All” The A. F. of L. Council statement said in part: *The national emer- gency which exists is one which af- fects every American. It is an emergency equally facing all Ameri- cans. It is, therefore, most proper and necessary that all the major factors in production should have adequate responsibility placed upon them. This responsibility cannot be adequately discharged unless there is co-operation between manage- | ment and labor and the Govern- | ment. * * * “Data in the possession of the American Federation of Labor and its affiliated international unions as- sures that there is no shortage of skilled mechanics and that every re- quirement for skilled and semi- skilled workers in an expanding in- dustry for national defense can be met without serious difficulty. The problem is not a shortage of skilled mechanics, but the fact that so many of these have been forced by the depression to seek employment in lower wage occupations.” “Labor legislation in the United States is. for the purpose of pro- tecting women and youth employed in industry, and protecting the health, life and limb of all others employed. The emotional effort to immediately suspend rules and reg- ulations now ptrotecting labor will not appeal to thoughtful Americans. The experience in at Britain of the suspension of suc& regulations | f; shortly after the war began in Europe in 1914 is sufficient évidence that instead of stimulating produc- tion the opposite effect takes place.” A. F. L. Membership Gains. According to a report presented to the council yesterday, the paid up membership of the American Fed- eration of Labor ,has increased about 300,000 since last August, bringing the total membership to approximately 4,300,000. The council yesterday appointed President William Green and Sec- retary-Treasurer Meany to repre- sent the A. F. of L. at the Demo- cratic and Republican national conventions. The council will draft the labor planks next week for sug- gested inclusion in the platforms of the two major political parties.® In New York, Mr. Lewis assailed what he said was a suggestion from some quarters that a worker produc- ing weapons of defense was doing “something less than patriotic” in Jjoining a union, “One of t (constitutional and statutory) hts, whether a man works in a garment factory, a coal |-ports, the high command announced mine or in a plant making instru- ments of precision, is the right to join & union -of his fellows, if he elects to do 5o, under this flag,” he said. Labor would insist upon a voice in national defense discussion, he add- ed, because “if the country wants the co-operation of labor to do the work of preparing for war, and, in the event of war, to do the necessary dy- ing in the war, what is wrong with a little co-operation on policies?” "Walter Edwardes, for 11 years a farmer, was ordained a priest in & egainst confused German resistance in mountain areas east of Narvik. \ 2-hour ceremony in Wi Cathedral in England. \ )/ ¢ London (Continued From First Page.) the engines and the bomber crashed into a breakwater. The Air Ministry announced that squadrons of the Royal Air Force bombed German bases and lines of communication in France and Bel- gium during the night. Dutch tre were reported mak- ing their last stand on their own soil—the left bank of the Scheldt River—after abandoning the Islands of Beveland and Walcheren, in Zee- land Province, on the North Sea. They withdrew in company with French forces. The original announcement that both Beyeland and Walcheren were abandoned had been made last night by an authoritative Dutch source. The islands had been heavily bom- barded. Morale Declared High. Morale of the allied troops is very high, the authoritative spokes- man said, and they were -indignant at the withdrawals for which they could see no apparent reason. Warning against German tactics designed to shake the morale of the soldiers and civilians behind the lines, he said a “fifth column” was working differently in France and Belgium than in the Nether- lands. Rumor-mongers, he said start re- ports among refugees—such as that the Germans were coming through on the right or left—and thus cause confusion, doubt #nd mistrust among troops holding the front. London in Deep Gloom. There was no official confirmation of a Berlin anouncement that Ger- man troops already had occupied Brussels, but a War Office com- munique acknowledging that British troops had withdrawn to new posi- tions west of the Belgian capital plunged London deep into gloom. Intensifying the forebodings was the disclosure that Dutch and French forces had abandoned the Netherlands islands at Beveland and Walcheren, in Zeeland Province, after a heavy bombardment by Ger- man planes and artillery. The press made no attempt to hide the gravity of the situation, despite | a reassuring bulletin from British general headquarters. Official sources counselled the British public to keep “stout hearts and cool heads,” and said that while the situation is grave it is not “irremediable.” “Britain has faced tests like this before and can face them again,” the appeal said. “There must, how- ever, be no illusion about the fact we are now ‘facing the first stages of the most tremendous battle in the history of the world.” Readjustment in Front. The War Office communique an- nouncing withdrawal of the allied lines to & point west of Brussels said that “certain adjustments to the front became necessary” during the night of May 16-17. The “readjustment” was executed “without interference,” the War Office said, and allied troops sub- sequently carried out “successful operations.” The withdrawal was said in in- formed circles to have been ordered to frugirate a German attempt to catch the British forces now oper- ating on the northern flank of the Belgian front in a huge pincer movement. German mechanized forces, which have penetrated the allied lines in the vicinity of Charleroi, some 30 miles south of Brussels, were re- ported to be fanning out, threaten- ing encirclement of British right ank, Hitler Bodyguards Protect Ex-Kaiser By the Associated Press. DOORN, the Netherlands, May 18. —Two black uniformed guards of Adolf Hitler’s personal bodyguard (Leibstandarte) have taken up posts before the manor of ex-Kaiser Wil- helm II. Hitherto the Dutch gendarmérie has been responsible for the safety of the 81-year-old ex-ruler, who fled t;} Holland at the end of the World ar. Now Hitler’s crack personal troops S have been assigned to this duty at Doorn by the Fuehrer himself, Germans Mine Ports In South Africa By the Associated Press. i . BERLIN, May 18.—German naval units have mined South African today. The disclosure was made in a terse communique, which said: “Units of the German navy have laid mines before South African ports which are serving as bases for enemy naval units.” The South African defense de- partment in Pretoria announced that & minefield had been lomt«: off Capg Agulhas, the southernmos! tip oflxmu. and said the depart- ment “is taking adequate steps to deal with it.” “Several mines already have been safely exploded,” said the announce- STAR, WASHINGTON, st . 5 sented this sight as they took arduous megns of trying to escape. —A. P. Wirephoto from Paramount News. /| acquired 20 members for his organ- Italians in Rumania Advised by Legation To Return Home All Foreigners Without Work Permits Ordered By Nation to Leave By the Assoclated Press, BUCHAREST, May 18—Italians in Rumania were caught up today in the scurrying of foreigners for cover from war clouds over the Balkans. They were advised by their Legation to go home. Almost concurrently, the Ruma- nian Ministry of Interior—presum- ably intensifying efforts to stamp out “fifth columnists"—ordered all foreigners without work permits to leave the country and canceled per- mits issued before May 1. At least 10,000 alines were affected. ‘Those not departing at once were to be interned in a concentration camp opened last night. Greece, in stern preparation for any eventuality, called up another class of reserves—the 1935 class, which is made up of men 26 years old. They will report May 25. The War Ministry's explanation was that this group, reported to | number 60,000, would receive a month’s training “in the use of new weapons.” Will Be Sent to Border. Informed military observers said most of the class would be sent to the wild, mountainous border front- | ing &n Italian-occupied Albania, to | bolster the already large number of | troops manning fortifications against | any possible Italian thrusts. | At the same time Premier Gen. John' Metaxas of Greece held long | conferences with the Yugoslav and | Rumanian Ambassadors, it was re- ported from Athens, | The Yugoslav envoy, Aleksandar Vukcevich, sounded out Metaxas last | Tuesday on what assistance Yugo- slavia could expect from Greece in the event of an Italian attack. Greece, Rumania and Yugoslavia, as well as Turkey, are partners in the Balkan Entente. Rumanian Action Reported. Possibly connected with the Balkan maneuvering was the report | were killed in the other war, Henry (Continued From First Page.) ducked from our bicycles and flopped in the ditches alongside the roads to hide. ‘Town criers went through villages ringing great bells and warning everyone to be on the move within an hour. + Methodically the peasants closed their homes, loaded their belongings on pushearts, in old trucks and in great two-wheeled farm chariots drawn by from four to eight farm horses. What was left they strapped to their backs and with scarcely a look behind started on the same trek that all but the very young had made in 1914 We reached a little town on the main railway line to Parig just be- fore nightfall, too tired to do any thing but wait for a train. It never came, I finally left by car, driving a fam- ily of refugees and taking the place of a 76-year-old woman because there was nobody else who could drive and there was a mother and five children in the car with room for only one more. The old lady gave us a tearful smile as we left her behind. “It’s the only thing,” she ex- plained. “My husband and son Iam all alone and don't matter.” { Dance to Aid Camp A dance for the benefit of the Boys' Club summer camp, Camp | Reeder in Southern Maryland, will be held at 9 o'clock tonight at the club, Seventeenth street and Massa- chusetts avenue S.E. The dance is sponsored by the Eta Chapter of Beta Mu Sorority. . Trinidad 1s feeling effects of the war for living costs are mounting. of a Stockholm newspaper, the Tidningen, under a Moscow dateline, | of rumors in the Soviet capital that | Russia had made representations to | Berlin in the interests of preserving | Yugoslav neutrality. | TLe rumor lacked official confir- mation but part of it was that a ‘Yugoslav representative paid a visit yesterday to the Moscow foreign commissariat. Thereafter, it was reported, the Kremlin dispatched its note to Berlin. It was even rumored that a second note went to Germany but what it concerned was a mystery. Yugoslav, in a renewal of friend- ship with the U. S. S. R. notably lacking since the Bolshevist revolu- tion, has had a delegation at Moscow negotiating - a trade treaty as a prelude to establishment of diplo- matic relations. A Yugoslav military commission also is preparing to leave or has left for Moscow, it is said, and Balkan diplomatic circles have detected therein the possibility of Russian- allied collaboration to keep Germany out of the Balkans or at least the possibility of independent Russian pressure toward that end. Washington Produce BUTTER—03 score, tubs, 20%: 1-pound prints, 30; Y%-pound prints, 30%: 92 tubs, 283 /a-pound print: B 1-pound prints, Ya-pound 10%; svring 11. m Agricultural Marketing Service. — Calves, Fro t Prices paid net f.0.b. Washington: IGS—Market about steady. Prices paid for Federal-State graded eggs _re- celved from grading stations (May 18): Whites. U. 8. extras large, 5 gxtras, mediums, 18-19%: U . 8. 8 large, U. A tandards. largy 20%; U. 8. standards. mediums, 1 U. 8. trades, 14-17. Por nearby W sgea—Current s Whites, 16 higher: m\xficmn. ; few highe LIVE POULTRY—Market sizes, 1 Sremers. 5 v’ozun'a':: i up, A8 o "3 jers. s and up, 17-18: under ou . 15-16. Turkeys, oid toms, 1(»'11: hens. 13: No. 2s, hens and toms. 8-10. for LATEST NEWS The Night Final Star, containing the latest news of the day during these dramatic times, is de- livered every evening throughout the city and suburbs - between 6 P.M. and 7 P.M. Telephone National 5000 for immediate delivery. D. ', SATURDAY, MAY 18, 18i0. Covering of lvy For Public Buildings Here Proposed Bruce Opens Drive on ‘Mauscleum’ Appearance At Fine Arts Meeting ‘The ranks of white marble struc- tures that form Uncle Sam’s “white dress shirtfront” in Washington may one day be ‘ivy covered along with many smaller memorials and statues, At the 30th anniversary meet- ing of the Fine Arts Commission yesterday Edward Bruce, now mem- ber of the commission and chief of the Section of Fine Arts of the Public Buildings Administration, advocated such & plan, Mr. Bruce, & modernist, describes ‘Washington as looking like & “mau- soleum” because of its huge classic structures, marble memorials and heroic statuary. Suggests Association. He hopes to organize a Women'’s Ivy Growing Association of America to put his proposal in effect, he said today, and to interest the Federa- tion of Garden Clubs and countless other groups likely to approve his program. Mr. Bruce said he has already ization since the meeting closed yesterday, Some of the structures contem- plated for inclusion in the program, he said, are the Mellon Art Gallery, the Jefferson Memorial, all columns, & host of memorials, including the 2d Division Memorial near Seven- teenth street and Constitution ave- nue, and a large number of statues, including those of Gen. Thomas, William Jennings Bryan and Samuel Gompers. Favors Open Competition. Since President Roosevelt~ ap- pointed Mr. Bruce to the commis- sion to fill the place of Charles Moore, past chairman and commis- sion member for 30 years, indica- tions have been that a new note would soon be injected into the commission’s activities. competitions for all architectural designs of all Federal buildings as well as for all statutes, murals, bas- reliefs, memorials, etc. In the ‘past such structures and works of art have been executed by a limited number of what Mr. Bruce terms “court architects, painters and sculptors.” Already he has put his views into practice in the section of fine arts. Murals for thousands of buildings are now, chosen in Nation-wide open | competitions. Thailand King Urged To Leave Switzerland By the Associated Press. SINGAPORE, May 18.—Premier Luang Bipol Songgram of Thailand (Siam) today cabled King Ananda in Switzerland sug- gesting that he go to the United States to continue his education or return to Thailand. Because of heavy snow mails were carried from Hythe to Dymchurch, England, by a woman on horseback. Your precious furs ruined by devouring moths Mr. Bruce is known to favor open\ 14-year-old | Landon Pledges Aid For U. S. Defense; Calls Move Late Says New Deal Waste Is Responisble for Conditions By the Associated Press. WARRENSBURG, Mo., May 18— Alf M. Landon pledged support last night to President Roosevelt's newly “announced efforts to strengthen the Nation against attack,” but criticized the administration as “tragically late” in its defense poli- cles. nominee’s praise of the President’ defense message came less than 12 hours ‘after the same 'h was lauded by Herbert Hoover, last Re- publican to serve in the White House. United Support Forecast. In a foreign policy address pre- pared for delivery at a county Re- publican rally and over & national radio hookup, Mr. Landon declared: “# ¢ ¢ The President in his splen- did address to the Congress yes- terday spoke as the leader of all the people. He is acting in the spirit of unity for which American citizens have been waiting and in a spirit of which will bring him a united sup- port in preparing our defneses. “I pledge to support our President in his announced efforts to strength- €n the Nation against attack and to The 1938 Republican presldenul% continue to co-operate with him in Laundry in his? or Your furs safely stored till you need them in the Fall D5 all efforts for complete unity on o8¢, ®ign policy. * * * “I notice in the press dlsmf:(x\ today that the’ President has - poned his Western trip. This is as it should be. Unity is not to be had_ with politics. The adjournment of: politics must be by both sides and it: is always up to the Chief Executive- to lead the way.” s Says U. 8. Will Stay Out. The Kansan declared “we are go-: ing 7 keep out of this war,” but’ added, “we can no longer rest on: the assumption of & stalemate with’ an exhausted Germany.” He charged the President previ- ously had “tragically failed” ' to; bring about “the spirit of unity in} America” which was his “for the: asking,” H “The condition of our national: defense, in the light of develop-: ments in Europe, is alerming and- these developments have taken place® during the life of the administration.: For the first six years the New Deal,> instead of building up our defenses,z wasted our money on projects like= me Florida Canal, or the attempt to- rness the tides at Passamae quoddy, * ¢ * L “Ameriéa is in the mood in which: armed participation may come: through the carelessness or the im-: pulsiveness of a Chief Executive who' does not realize the necessity of giv-z ing the American people a steel: backbone to resist the pull of their: natural sympathy and emotion for: the allies. Despite all our sympathy= and emotions for the kind of civi zation we believe in, we cannot un-: dertake to preserve the boundaries: of all the democracies in the world.”- # > Berglfionn’s is the only Washington D. C. that washes every- thing with IVORY SOAP! ))‘ \’§\. Your beautiful furs have so many Summer enemies— moths, fire, dust, dampness and theft. The solid concrete walls and heavy metal doors of our modern fumigation storage vaults shut out all of them. As soon as your garments are received this unexcelled protection be? They are all put through a thorough demothing process, and then al dividually hung in our vaults—safe from all their enemie: need of them, next Fall. ins. in- s—awaiting your Our fur storage rates are very moderate. - You will 3% is charged on the first $200 valuation you set. 1% is charged on the additional valuation in excess of $200. 32 Minimum Charge—on fur coats and fur jackets. This minimum allows valuation up to $67. Protection from the very beginning of the season costs no more. We suggest you toke advantage of it now, by calling District 5300 for prompt collection. readily see that storage here is most economical. $1.50 Minimum Charge—on cloth and fur-trimmed ments or plain suits and gar- coats. Allows valuation up to $50. $1 Minimum Charge scarfs, muffs and other fur or fur-trimmed Allows valuation up to — on small ieces. 33,