Evening Star Newspaper, April 20, 1940, Page 9

Friendship Unmarred By Comments U. S. and Japanese Elements Working To Save Relations By DAVID LAWRENCE. ‘There is a tendency to exaggerate the immediate importance of the exchange of comments by the Japanese and American spokesmen of policy with respect to the possible position of the Dutch East Indies in the event that the Nazi govern- ment overruns Holland. In the first place, formal ex- pressions of @ opinion ether by the Japanese Foreign Office or by the State De- partment here are mostly to David Lawrence. keep the record clear in the event of contingencies, however remote. But any impression that the com- ments of the Japanese and Amer- ican governments in the last few days represents any change in the relationship of the two countries ‘would be erroneous. The truth is the whole situation | is full of maneuvers in which published warnings play their part, but they are also well understood, as in the case of the United States and Japan, as being a natural cor- rollary to the nervousness which is rather widespread at the moment in various foreign capitals. Japan and the United States are by no means on the ragged edge of mutual friendship. The Japanese have their hands full in China and are not especially anxious to create new issues between Tokio and ‘Washington. Hence, it may well be that the informal Tokio comment about “protecting” the Dutch Indies may have been inspired by those in Japan, who felt the urge, as often | occurs, to express the nationalism | that sometimes burns for expression | to satisfy internal factions or groups. No Chip on U. S. Shoulder. | So far as the United States is concerned, it is not eager to develop any new points of friction, being gnxious so far as possible to allay those which have arisen already in connection with the abrogation of the Japanese-American com- mercial treaty. The military ele- THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTO The ‘ACopltul Parade Anti-Japanese Embargo Is Threat Veiled in Secretary Hull's Warning By JOSEPH ALSOP and ROBERT KINTNER. Obviously, enforcement of an anti-Japanese embargo is the threat veilec by Secretary of State Cordell Hull's firm warning againt Japanese “protection of the Dutch Fast Indies’ Last summer Hull and the Presi= dent seized the opportunity of Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg's . resolu- tion on the subject to prepare for an embargo by terminating the Japa- nese-American trade treaty. Long before that they had begun to con- sider the possibility that the embargo weapon might some day have to be used. Enforcement of an embargo against Japan, which would have to be voted by Congress, would have a deadly effect. In the Dutch East Indies, the Japanese would get some of the oil they now obtain from us, but oil is far from being the only war material. Some good authorities estimate that the Japanese are purchasing as much as 50 per cent of all their war materials in this country. They can go to no other market, since the Europeans have no war materials to spare. Thus, at the least, an em- bargo would cripple the Japanese war effort, and at best might bring it to an eventual end. The difficulty is that besides such obvious forms of retaliation as an attack on the Philippines, the Japanese have in their power some- / thing considerably more serious. The i United States needs rubber. The (K772 vast majority of our rubber comes LR from the Dutch East Indies and the Malay states. The Japanese could answer our embargo by blackading rubber shipments to this country, and our Navy would hardly be able to break a blockade all the way across the Pacific The result would probably be general war in the Far East, but the Japanese, rendered desperate by our embargo, would be in a mood to let the devil take the consequences. This is one of the reasons why Far Eastern policy is the subject of anxious debate at the State Department and White House. Both the ent and Secretary of State side with the more daring spirits. Thus, in brief, our policy is to keep the Japanese in check with the threat of an embargo, until their war machine breaks down or other nations are ready to help in putting them in their place. But even the most daring hope thay we will not have to make our threat good, while several cautious officials tremble at the mere mention of such a possibility. The Dutch East Indies question brings the policy to its first real test. Roughly, if the Japunese do not attempt the “protection” they have been talking about, the policy will be successful. Transport Ministry? The President’s highly controversial transfer of the Civillan Aero- nautics Authority to the Commerce Department is actually part of a large and ambitious plan. The President wants, in fact, to transform the amorphous and sprawling domain of his friend Harry Hopkins into a sort of ministry of transport. Several other transport problems are already handled by Commerce and if the Reorganization Act did not specifically forbic. the next executive order would put the Interstate Commerce Com- mission in the same spot as the C. A. A. The desirability of this was hinted at in the President's recent message on the subject to Congress. At Least a Sign Maine's former Gov. Louis Brann, who is now running for the Senate, vas once an administration forgotten man. Cooling space for his heels in the ante-chambers of the New Dealers was all he used to be able to get. But having a Yankee-sounding name and being French Canadian by origiv, he is the best Democratic vote-getter in his State. His entry into | the Senate race may prevent the kind of whopping Republican victory in thc Maine voting, which would have hurt the Democrats all over the country. And it is at least a sign of interest in the welfare of his party that the President personally inter- vened to persuade the once- forgotten Brann to emerge from his oblivion. Real Boss ments in Japan have for a long time been indifferent to the very earnest | efforts being made in Washington | to bring Japan and the United | Btates into a better understanding and it would not be surprising if the comments about the Dutch East Indies emanated form the same sources. ‘When one considers the history of Japanese-American relations in the last 25 years, it is not surprising that there have been sharp differ- | ences of view: As often as there have been divergences, however, | there have been sincere elements in both countries which have striven to bring America and Japan into harmony, not only because of the huge trade involved, but because the eventual restoration of peace in | the Far East as between Japan and | China is regarded as one of the first contributions that can be made | to a new world order. | It is natural, of course, for each | nation to build up its armament when there is uncertainty and re- fusal to clarify intentions. Perhaps the biggest mistake the Japanese military folks have made is to de- cline to deal frankly with the que: tion of a naval race in the Pacific. Only the other day Admiral Stark | of the United States Navy testified that America must build many more | battleships because Japan had re- fused any information as to her naval program. Such a policy seems short-sighted because, with the im- mense natural resources of the United States and its plentiful sup-“ ply of gold, there is no doubt that | America can2 build a navy Iari superior in size to that of the Jap-| anese. The latter, on the other hand, do not need a big navy to protect their island empire as| against any foreign power—Eu- ropean or American. American pub- lic opinion never visualizes an atta on Japan by sea or air by the United Btates. Frank Understanding Economical. A frank understanding on navnl! policy between Japan and the| United States, therefore, would long ago have improved Japanese-Amer ican relations and saved Japan ! much expense. The present trend | in Washington, of course, is toward | building up the Navy to equal any other navy in the world, but this | arises more out of a fear that the | British fleet may some day suc- | cumb to defeat as a consequence of | European shifts in the balance of | power. It is to protect the Atlantic | Coast that the bigger American | Navy now is directed and it is sig- | nificant that Admiral Stark did | not support in his testimony before | a congressional committee the idea | of a “two-ocean Navy.” He rather leaned toward the thought of a big Navy which might have to be con- | centrated in the Atlantic. Certain- ly this does not exclude the possi- | bility of better relations with Japan some day—a circumstance which. | if consummated in the year 1940. | would mean a great deal to the peace of the world through the stabilization of national passions in the Pacific. Talk of naval rivalry and possible “protection” for the Dutch East Indies even before Holland has been invaded may give the impression of inevitable friction between America and Japan. But there are strong elements in Japan as well as in America working toward peaceful solutions and co-operation. On the | whole, though still full of uncer- tainties, it cannot be said that Japanese-American relations have undergone any fundamental changs in the last few months. Even the failure to renew the commercial treaty has not left the public opinion of either couhtry in a state of broken friendship. For the urge to friendship is growing, notwith- standing the strains which are fre- quently put upon both governments by the implications of the European war, (Reproduction Rights Reserved.) Clothing for Polish children in u!‘um:e is being donated in Argen- ina. The current explanation of the Senator Robert A. Taft's failure to | enter the Maryland primaries against Thomas E. Dewey is that he mistook the intentions of the Maryland organization. The all-embrac- ing friendliness of former Gov. Harry W. Nice seems to have extended to an apparent commitment to support Taft. Taft was ready to go in on this understanding, but Nice's real boss is old Ovington E. Weller, the power behinc the Republican scenes in Maryland. Weller wanted no part of it, and when the time came to ask Nice to come through, difficulties were made and Taft had to stay out. (Released by North Americin Newspaper Alliance, Inc.), Federation of Citizens’ Associations, offered his resignation as delegate, explaining that he is no longer a Glover Park Cifizens Back Hart for Bench ~renen of tne Giover park e David A. Hart, assistant United | acted on at the next meeting, it States attorney, was indorsed by | was said. the Glover Park Citizens’ Associa- | The group voted to have a dance, tion last night for the Police Court an annual affair, in May. bench vacancy. Sheldon W. Fair-| Entertainment included dance and child, president of the association, | music members by Mary Coen and offered the resolution, which ua- |Jewell Murray, and a technicolor among them the faction controlled | North thorized a letter to notify Attorney | picture on gardening. ’ General Jackson of the indorsement. | The meeting was held in the In- M. R. Walker, delegate to the |dustrial Home School. Repairing @ Renovizing Brickwork Cabinetwork Another letter tha P of The Eberly Plan in Caulking Cement Work Electrical Work Excavating 1108 K Street N.W. Washington, D. C. “Gentlemen: work your organizati and yard means to u “We feel that our Fencing the neighborhood. Floors D. C, SATURDAY, APRIL 20, 1940. €T HE optntons of the writers on this page are thetr own, not neceuarflg) Star's effort readers Boosters On in Any Kind By G. GOULD LINCOLN, Vice President “Jack” Garner and his friends in Texas are aiming to take the Roosevelt third-term boost- ers on in any kind of a fight they wish for the Lone Star State's delegation to the Democratic Na- tional Conven- § tion. They admit they are some- what surprised to find the third termers—appar- ently with the consent of Pres- ident Rposevelt —undertaking to deprive Mr. Gar- ner of the back- ing of his own State in the G.Gould Lineoln, Democratic National Convention. Indeed, they had good reason to believe that the President had turned thumbs down on an effort to unhorse the Vice President in his own back yard. They are seasoned campaigners, however, and not greatly surprised at anything that may happen in a political fight. It is pointed out that the third termers so far have not undertaken | to invade Indiana, the home State of Federal Security Administrator Paul V. McNutt, nor to invade Ten- nessee, the home of Secretary of State Cordell Hull. Of course, there is a difference in these cases. Mr. McNutt, while an active candidate for the presidential nomination, has announced he will be for Mr. Roose- velt if the President runs and turn th: Indiana delegation right over to the President under those cir- cumstances. What more could the President desire? Secretary Hull is not a candidate—and has said so. In any event, Mr. Hull would not be expected to try to keep the Ten- nessee delegates from President Roosevelt if the latter wants them. | Different Story With Garner. With Mr. Garner, the story is difterent. Mr. Garner does not plan to turn the Texas delegation or any | other delegates he may get over to | the President if the President be- | comes a candidate. Mr. Garner, it has been recognized, is in this busi- | ness primarily to stop a third-term | nomination for President Roosevelt. In addition, Mr. Garner would not look with favor upon the nomina- | tion of one of the President’s favor- | ite “hundred percenters.” 1 It seems, therefore, that the third | termers—apparently without let or| hindrance on the part of the Presi- dent—have aetermined to flatten {out “Cactus Jack” in his own baili- | wick. If they can defeat the Vice President and send a Roosevelt-in- structed delegation from Texas, Mr. Garner's candidacy would be with- out any real foundation at all. That seems to bc the program now—un- | less the President calls off the third- | term boomers now hurrying to Texas to tell the people on religf that | if Garner should get in there would {be no more Federal relief pay- | ments and the farmers that there | would be no more farm benefit| i payments. | | In part, the new attack on Garper | {in his home State is due to the | The Star's. Such opinions are presented in The give all sides of questions of interest to its although such opinions ma; themselves and directly opposed to The Political Mill Garner Forces Ready to Take Roosevelt |in many other States. |of the Interior, and, like his boss, | desire of certain Democratic fac- | tions to get control of the State,| | by the Fergusons, Ma and Pa, both | {of whom have been Governors in the past. They see an opportunity _e Modernizing Homes It Tells the Whole Story t commends the work its many phases from modernizing to financing: “A. Eberly’s Sons, Inc. “We want to say how much the splendid on put into the house S. place is an asset to From the time the contract was given our relations with your workers have been most pleasant. Through Floors Refinished the various operations of trenchjng. tiling, plumbing, painting of the exterior of the home, repairs in bath room and laundry; Gas Ranges Glazing Gautters and Spouts Gas Water Heaters Hot-Water Heating Hot-Air Heating Insulating Iron Work Kitchen Cabinets Latrobes Linoleum such swiftness. “The removal of sometimes wonder started out to own “We acknowledge interested know Eberly Plan Supervi modernizing of your done by Eberly Plan ONE modest profit—a: —OURS. Eberly Plan is a handy means In: 9lst 1108 K N.W. then the hauling of soil accomplished with the old shrubbery made our yard look so much larger we is this the place we 15 years ago?’ our appreciation for the financial arrangements. “These are the reasons for the home on the corner having so much attraction for us. We just have to let the sincerely The Eberly Plan modernized our home. “Yours respectfully, “(Mr and Mrs.) L. A. G.” You will be agreeably surprised how an sor can simplify any problem you may have for renovizing or home. All the work craftsmen—with only nd ONE responsibility You’'ll find the Eberly Financing Plan to a desired end. A. Eberly’s Sons Oxr Year DI. 6557 Before You Invest—Investigate A be_contradictory amon 'he Star’s. 44 v of Fight to make capital out of support of Roosevelt. Old Friends Will Stick. The Garner people admit that the President is popular with the Democrats of Texas, just as he is popular with the Democrats of other States. They see a hard and bitter fight coming unless something stops it. But they do not see any of the Garner friends deserting the Vice President. They belleve that Sam Rayburn, majority leader of the House, and Jesse Jones, head of the Federal Lending Agency, and Senator Sheppard and Senator Connally will all stand by fheir old friend. Of course, none of these men are unfriendly to the Presi- dent. Quite the contrary. But the President has never announced his own candidacy for renomination, and they will stick to “Jack” Garner until he does, in any event, They do not believe that Garner should be deprived of the Texas delegation under all the existing circumstances, It is a bit embarrassing for them. The Texas method of selecting delegates to a Democratic National Convention is different from that The first step is in the so-called precinct conventions — where any qualified white voter who has paid his poll tax can vote. They élect delegates to the county conventions, and the county conventions in turn elect delegates to the district conven- tions—where district delegates to the national convention are chosen —and to the State convention, where the delegates at large to the na- tional convention are named. It is essential, therefore, to get in the first licks in the precinct conven- tions, The third termers are well healed with money, according to all re- ports. They also have the ad- vantage of the Federal money which is sent into Texas for many pur- poses. Third Termers Aroused. What particularly aroused the Roosevelt third termers was a state- | ment issued by the Garner man- agers, E. B. Germany and Mrs. Clara Driscoll, after the Wisconsin | primary, in which Garner won three district delegates out of the total delegation of 24. In that primary Garner received approximately 25 per cent of the vote cast. The statemen* issued was to the effect | that the third term was “dead” as a result of the outcome. Immedi- ately some of the third termers started working on Mr. Rayburn and Mr. Jones, asking in effect whether they proposed to support Mr. Garner against the President. Since the President has not yet become a candidate for renomina- | tion. Rayburn and Jones can stick {to Mr. Garner without necessarily being against Mr. Roosevelt. Alvin J. Wirtz, new Undersecretary | Secretary Ickes, an ardent third termer, insists that the Democrats | of Texas are not willing to turn| the State's deleegation over to Mr. Garner but would be willing to let him have a complimentary vote on | the first ballot. Secretary Hull's name was brought prominently into the fore- ground again by Gov. Hoey of Ra- leigh. Gov. Hoey urged that the Carolina delegatss to the na- tional convention be insturcted for Mr. Hull rather than for himself as a favorite son. Mantels Marlite Wall Products Masonry Metal Work Painting Papering Plastering Plumbing Refrigerators Roof Repairs Sanitas Screens Steamfitting Stoves Stucco Work Tile Work Tinning Water Heaters Weather Stripping since the second world war of the Is right that I, as the Ambassador * A—9 War Aims as Outlined by Lord Lothian Allies Fighting for Own Existence and for Lasting Peace And Security for All Nations, British Envoy Declares Following is a condensation of the text of the address delivered by Lord Lothian, the British Ambassador, to the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce last night: It is now more than eight months 20th century began. I feel that it of Great Britain to the United States, should try to put before you why we are against a patched-up peace, and the kind of peace we are fighting for. * * * In making such a speech I may be accused of propaganda. If propa- ganda means the telling of lies or the making of suggestions and in- nuendoes designed to mislead or prejudice other nations into doing things which they would otherwise not do, there will be no propaganda in this speech. But if it means tell- ing you the real facts about the way my countrymen think, and that is what I am going to do, then I am performing an essential function in the international relations of de- mocracies. For how can free na- tions arrive at sound policies in in- | ternational affairs unless they are honestly told what the others think? Why do the allies go on fighting? | Why are they uninfluenced by the many “peace offensives” which di- rectly or indirectly come from Ber- lin? They are fighting, of course, first for their own existence. But they are also fighting because they are convinced that not only a vic- tory by Nazi Germany but a truce with Nazi Germany now would be the end of most of the values which Christianity and western democratic | civilization have laboriously built up | in recent centuries. A great many people in England thought at first that Hitler was fighting for equal rights for Ger- many—was fighting to remedy those clauses of the treaty of Versailles, which implied discrimination against Germany—such as unilateral dis- | armament. Domination, Not Equality, powerful as his own, or the com- bination of Germany's neighbors in an alliarce for self-defense which callectively was stronger than Ger- many and its allirs. Hitler believes, and has repeatedly said, that Ger- | many will be stronger than the other despotisms and t the democ- racies are feeble and divided and will neither arm nor unite in time. His center doctrine is stated in “Mein Kampf” as follows: “Do not ever permit there to be formed in Europe two continental powers. If there is any attempt to organize on the frontiers of Germany a second military power—even if only in the form of a state which might acquire such power—we should see in it an attack on Germany. * * * If it already exists, destroy it.” This method was, in fact, the Roman method. The city of Rome knocked out its rivals one by one and ab- sorbed their resources until, after the overthrow of its last rival, Carthage, it was omnipotent. * * ¢ The secret of its success was ruth- | less violence. Cato used continually to cry “Delenda est Carthage” until | Carthage was destroyed. Hitler | today is beginning to say “Delenda est Britannia.” There was no room for national freedom either in the Rome Empire or the Hitler empire. But Rome treated its subjects well | and eventually made them citizens, | whereas the Nazis persecute and | oppress them. * * * Superior Force Seen As Only Solution. | When the gangster first appeared | * * society washalf paralyzed— until it organized itself to defeat the | gangster by the use of his own| weapons. It is the same in interna- tional affairs. It is difficult for us to | realize that we are living in a world in which power alone counts. * * *| Yet the history of the last two years, | of Manchuria, Abyssinia, Czecho- slovakia, Poland, Albania, Finland, Declared Hitler's Aim. But gradually it became clear that Hitler and the Nazi regime were not concerned merely with equal | Whose turn will it be tomorrow? It | thrown in by Dr. Goebbels. rights for Germany Hitler really wanted was equality but domination. * * * It was the conviction which | dawned on everybody after he tore up the Munich settlement | Denmark, Norway and China all go | | to demonstrate that that is the kind |of world in which we live today. | | perior force. | On a long view therefore what the | allies, France, the British Common- | power, by the fact of where the pre- pondetant power will Lie at the time when the cease fire sounds. * * ¢ Peace only comes from unity and constitutional law backed by ade- quate power. The dictators saw their opportunity, created power for themselves and began to remake the world mn mglr own image. Germany’s “Terms” Ror Peace Recalled. But what would happen if Ger- many were to win the war. * * ¢ They can only win the war if they can defeat France and Great Britain and take sea power from them. ¢ * * The cat was let right out of the bag during Mr. Sumner Welles" visit to Berlin. You remember the statement which was issued by the Ministry ot Propaganda in Berlin at that time. Germany’s terms for peace were that Great Britain and France should cease to interfere in Central and Eastern Europe, that the British “stranglehold” on the seas should be ended and that Gibraltar should be restored to Spain. ¢ ¢ = What we think that Hitler means by demanding that France and Eng- land should renounce all future in- terest in Eastern Europe is that Nazi Germany should be allowed to destroy the independence of the smaller nations there. * * * Let me turn now to the German | thesis about the so-called British “stranglehold” on the seas. That “stranglehold,” I suppose, refers to the fact that Great Britain pos- sesses a navy larger than that of any other country except the United States, ¢ * ¢ Do you suppose for one moment that if Nazi Germany or Communist Russia obtained command of the seas the world would be anything like as free as it was during the period cf British control? ® * * Command of Seas Unifying Factor. Consider, too. the significance of the word “Gibraltar,” so lightly It that what | is quite certain that the process will | sounds so simple and so fair that not | not stop until it is resisted by su-| that historic rock should be re- turned to Spain. But supposing the principles were adopted that all naval bases should be controlled and | wealth and their friends, feel that! by the local inhabitants, the Straits marched into Prague, that what he | they are fighting for today is to pre- | of Gibraltar by Spain, Singapore by was really after was not equal rights | vent the extension of this new ruth- | Malaya, Panama by the Panamani- for Germany but the political and |less imperialist system first over ans, and soon, where should we get economic domination of Europe that | Europe and later elsewhere, because | to? The plain truth is that the stiffened Polish resistance to his|its victory would be fatal not only | so-called command of the seas is demands and made Poland itself the test case on which France and | to their own freedom and existence, | | but to free civilization itself. * * *| what has given some elementary unity and order to the world. * * * Britain decided that they had to | Indeed. we, the allies, now feel that If Gibraltar fell into Nazi hands halt Nazi aggression, if need be, by war, * * ¢ | The underiying motive of western | civilization has been the extension | of human freedom. The first step | was to secure to the individual the | right to freedom from arbitrary | arrest, to freedom of religion, to | freedom of political opinion, and to | & share in responsibility for the laws he is called upon to obev—that is, to the principle that government shall be with the consent of the governed. Nowhere have these ideals, based upon the rights of man, been more fully worked out, in the internal sphere, than in the United States. * * ¢ We in Britain are still profoundly convinced that the Great War of 1914, which it is now often the fash- ion to regard as a blunder, was a | successful war of liberstion. As a result of it every nation in Europe obtained its freedom, including Ire- |land. * =+ = | Reasons for Breakdown | Of Peace Settlement. | The real reason for the break- down of the peace settlement was not the defects in the peace itself. while they were right about national freedom, had not yet thought cut how the new order of national free- dom was to be effectively main- tained. They did not realize that the condition of freedom is unity and the reign of law and freedom | for trade and that without them freedom and prosperity rapidly dis- appear. * ¢ * | It was not enough to multiply | the number of free nations, to raise, for instance, the number of Euro- | pean nations from 17 to 25, and the total number of nations in the | world to over 70. That had to be balanced by some form of organic | unity, if it was not to degenerate | into anarchy, imperalism, unem- | ployment and war. * * ¢ The tempt to supply the element of unity and order, but as you all know, | it failed. The conception for which Hitler and the National Socialist regime stand is something entirely foreign and opposite to these basic ideals of the great stream of western civili- zation. The Nazi program recognizes none of the basic individual rights, free- dom of person, freedom of speech, freedom of political association, freedom of religion. The citizen is given no responsibility for law and government. He is held to exist for the aggrandizement of the state to which he belongs. His main duty is to obey without question the orders of the rulers of the state. It is the same with nations. Nations have no rights as such. The rights of nations derive wholly from their strength. Small nations have no rights as against powerful nations. It is their duty to yield politically and economically to the demands of their stronger neighbors. We have seen the idea operating recently in Scandinavia. The Nazi system is a system of empire building by the forcible subjection of the labor and resources of weaker neighbors for the benefit of the German ruling Tace, * * * The Germans have always been attracted by the dream of becoming the successors of the old Roman Empire. * * ¢ Empire-Building Technique Based on Ruthlessness. ‘The Hitler technique of empire building has been simple. * * * Hitler was convinced that if he could create in the center of Europe a single disciplined, entirely mili- tarized state of 80,000,000 Germans, obedient to a single dynamic will, using its gigantic power with utter ruth] nothing would prevent Nazified Germany from conquering, dominating and economically ex- ploiting its neighbors one. by one, until he controlled first Europe, and in thé end, the greater part of the world, as Rome dominated the then civilized world. The only thing that could prevent such a result would be we are the last bastion of freedom in | it would be the end of the British | Europe. If we went down there Commonwealth because it would cut | would be nothing left in Europe, our communications both north and | Asia and Africa which could resist south and to the east. It would also | totalitarian domination. * * = profoundly affect the security be- | There is no doubt that the allies Dind the Monroe Doctrine. The first | being democracies, were late in lne of defense of the Monroe | making their preparations. They Doctrine has always been the fact hate war and were reluctant to ac- | tNat the principal naval power in cept the discipline or to pay the Europe has supported it ever since price. They were equally late in D€ days of the Holv Alliance. And | combining for mutual protection over Abyssinia, over Spain, over | Czecho-Slovakia. The latest and most obvious instance is Scan- | dinavia. 1f the Scandinavian coun- | | tries had had a firm pact of mutual | assistance, Russia would probably never have attacked Finland \and if that has meant that the exits from Europe to the Atlantic. through the North Sea. the English Channel past Gibraltar and past the Cape of Good Hope has been controlled by a power friendly to the Monroe sterm. siiecis At the moment you and we share | sy |1t had, it would have been easy for |53 POWer between us, as parity |the allies to have sent assistance. | ‘MPLes. U"g" present conditions {The allies. therefore. have been | }¢ 2re Pre .“m"“;:m P‘“ m‘h’ ,é:' | caught relatively unprepared. Our | !antic. you in the Pacific. o first task is to make quite sure that | future depends largely upon what, | Hitler and his allies, whoever they respectively, “v,e do with ?ur‘ p.owcr may be, cannot win victory over us. each in our own sphere. | By entering the war when we did In our s‘rug_glei unfortunately | we have gained eight invaluable W€ cannot help inflicting hardships | v on neutral nations. The European months for preparation. We have utral hit the hardest, * * * never been under any illusions that | "€Utrals are o aandes | League of Nations was a gallant at- | | the task we have set ourselves will | that it would take three vears. It may be, as in other wars we have | fought, our only really victorious | battle will be the last. | Despite appearances we have al- ready. as Gen. Ironside said, passed the most serious danger. There was a.time when we were short of nearly everything. * * * It is certain, I have no doubt, that if Hitler be- | lieved that by an unlimited Blitz- | krieg he could destroy Britain or | France he would unloose it, because | the destruction of the French Army or the British Navy would apen the shortest and most decisive road both to the conquest of Europe and to dominance in the world. Indeed E}e.n. Goering still threatens it. . | Diplomacy Expected | To Play a Vital Role. | But if Hitler does not launch the | attack on the west in the next few months it will be proof that the allied blockade has sufficiently di- minished his stocks and his power to replenish them that he does not dare to face total war and that the development of air strength by France and Great Britain has been so rapid and so efficient that the Genman air force, long as it has been in development, recognizes that it cannot overcome it. * * * I can say two things The first is that the struggle is not likely to be short, unless the Nazi morale breaks and that it is likely tc be fought out quite as much on the diplomatic as the military front. A new friend may mean a victory, without a battle, for either side. The second is that it is sometimes said that we seek the break-up and destruction of the unity of the German peoples as an end in-itself. That is not true. What we are fighting for is security, se- curity for everybody against agres- sion and war, poverty and unemploy- ment; security for' Germany no less than for her neighbors and ourselves, if she abandons aggression, so that all nations will be free to live their own lives without fear, with secure access to the raw materials and markets of the world. But we are clear that a peace at present would only play into the hands of despotism. It would be no more than a truce—a short interval between two world wars, ¢ ¢ * An indecisive peace would probably mean a victory for the dictatorships, for it is the essence of the Nazi sys- tem that it is based on war and organized for instant war. Whereas the democracies genuinely demobilize in peace, 50 that it takes time to mobilize again, the Nazi system, by its nature, is alwaysteady for those lightning blows out of a relatively clear sky which have been Hitler's :os'. successful method of aggres- op. * Personally I doubt whether the end of this war will see another great peace conference like the last. The the weakening of the morale of the German people, the rise of other despotisms as discivlined and as basic conditions of the post-war world will be settled by the terms of the armistice, by the question of : | Examination of Mails *|not be along and form: L 1 Vi Var. but the fact that the democracies. From the obeggin;]&g rwe“i‘a;): g:"; Declared Vital to War. We realize that when we ex- amine your mails we cause you irri= tation and were the positions re- ed we should no doubt feel a similar irritation. But I ask you to accept my assurance that ex- amination of this important chane nel of communication with Ger- many is a vital part of our eco- nomic warfare which we could not | give up without serious prejudice to our prosecution of the war. Ger- | man trade continues and German agents are at work trying to defeat | the blockade. It is of essential im- portance everywhere, including this country, that we should watch the mails. The examination of mails is not and will not be used to ob- tain information about ordinary | commercial competition and your private affairs. * * ¢ When we come to the question of agricultural purchases the situation | is more difficult. We are severely | rationing our own people, as are the | French, partly to reduce r ns = )- | tion at home, partly to compel save ings so that they can be lent to | the government. That means the reduction of some of our customary purchases in the United States. On the other hand we are buying far more in the United States of Amer- | ica than usual. Our purchases in | the first sear will probably be in- | creased by some $400,000,000 over | our average purchases during the last five years and in the second year by a much higher figure. * * * We are convinced that in the end we are going to win, though not per- haps before the world has become a different place from what it s today. We do not believe that in- dividual freedom can be perma- nently extinguished or national free- dom permanently destroyed. * * * We shall win because, to quote words once used by one of your great Presidents, “We stand at Armageddon and battle for the Lord.” Teacher Bilt Action Sought Monday in House House approval will be sought Monday by Representative Kennedy, Democrat, of Maryland on his bill to permit the granting of sabbatical leave to teachers in the public schools, which has been reported favorably by the House District Committee, of which he is a mem- ber. Some amendments were made in the measure as approved by the committee. One of these would mean that the teacher employed in the place of the one who had been granted sabbatical leave would be a substitute teacher rather than & teacher on probationary employ- ment, this to assure that the teach- er on leave could return to his or her former position. Another amend- ment would permit payment to a teacher on sabbatical leave, while she is away, the difference between his or her salary and that of the substitute teacher.