Evening Star Newspaper, February 7, 1937, Page 30

THE SU VDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, FEBRUARY 7, 1937—PART TWO. D2 ' __THE_SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D._ L et i RELIGION, ART AND SCIENCE BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL.D, D.C. L, BISHOP OF WASHINGTON. THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. February 7, 1937 THEODORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company. 11th St and Pennsylvania Ave Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chiaro Oftee. 445 North Michigan AV, Rate by Carrier—City and Suburban. Regular Edition. e Ryenine .ndfig‘cxnndell’y:;a{h or 15¢ per week The Evening su; 5¢ per month or 10¢c per week The Sunday Star 5c per copy Night Final Edition. c per month c per month of each month or each week. nt by mail or tele- ‘®hone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virgtnia, ily d d: yr. $10.00: 1 mo.. 85¢ i e 35 Sine: 1 mon Boc Svnday only . yr. $4.00; 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. 3 $17 1 mo.. $1.00 aily only__ mo.. " iac Sunday only_- Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. Il rights of publication of special dispatches erein are also reserved. —_— More Reorganization? A study of the recent fiscal relations report and of new sources of local taxa- tion are planned by Senator King's Dis- trict Committee. But the Senator seems primarily interested in the subject of local governmental reorganization and it is assumed that most of the $10,000 he has requested of the Senate would be used to defray the clerical and other expenses in connection with hearings on that subject. If by proposals for reorganization one means an overhauling of local agencies in a manner designed to increase their efficiency and, therefore, give the tax- payer more for his money, such pro- posals should have the active interest and support of everybody. Governmental machines, like other machines, need occasional tuning up and the substitu- tion of new parts for those that have become worn out. But so many local governmental proposals have been Jaunched in the past few years without noticeable benefit that one may wonder whether the usual approach to the sub- Ject is not fundamentally defective. It will be recalled that the late Bureau of Efficlency made thorough studies of the local government, accompanying them with legislative proposals. Some of them were valuable, but as a whole the bureau's activities created resent- ment at the District Building. The last effort at reorganization, marked by vo- Juminous reports on history and organi- ration—in some respects duplicating the monumental work of Dr. Schmeckebier end his associates at the Brookings In- stitution—petered out in the end, with william A. Roberts, former people’s counsel, submitting the final recommen- dations on his own behalf; recommenda- tions which have never been made pub- lic. The recent fiscal report suggested that the “District government has grown haphazardly for nearly sixty years, with the result that it now has a cumbersome, unintegrated framework.” It proposed an investigation “by men of technical competence,” which probably means ex- perts at $50 a day. ‘Under the close annual supervision of the Budget Bureau and members of Con= gress, who pass on every dollar appro- priated for the District, it would seem that reorganization in the interest of efficiency and economy would be pro- gressive and continuous. Such, appar- ently, is not the case. May not the fault lie in the lack of responsibility and initiative on the part of the municipal officials to accomplish their own savings and economies? If the Commissioners were instructed to perfect a plan of re- organizing and modernizing and to sub- mit it with legislative recommendations, more might be accomplished in the end than by bringing in outside experts anxious “to advertise their own pet theories. The story is told of the county agent who visited an old farmer with the plea that he attend the demonstration of better agricultural methods and who was “met by a stretch, a sigh and & shake of the head. “No,” said the farmer, “I ain’t going. As a matter of fact, I don't farm half @s good now as I knows how.” The same thing may be true at the District Building. Perhaps our munic- ipal officials do not farm now half as good as they know how. They need the stimulating effect of having responsibil- ity—and some of the power—placed with them, and not divided among so many egencies and individuals with schemes of their own and ambitious to see them made effective. —_—r———————— {There is still no danger that so many Justices will accumulate that White House receptions to the judiclary will be. overcrowded. A Real Juvenile Court. .- Regardless of differences of opinion ;~over what to do about the United States Bupreme Court, there is practical una- nimity of opinion over what to do about .the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia. The local court should be modernized and brought into line with accepted Juvenile Court practices and concepts already prevailing in a ma- jority of the States. The method is ~ outlined in a bill, and an excellent sum- mation of its purposes, which probably . will be presented to the House tomorrow 1n the form of H. R. 3863 and the accom= panying unanimous report from the ’1' ouse District Committee recommending Qfia passage. brc The bill to modernize the Juvenile afourt, making it a real Juvenile Court vainstead of a Police Court for children . under seventeen years of age, has had »ra long history. It was proposed, in essentially the same form that it is pre- sented today, as far back as 1914. It . passed both Houses of Congress, only to - die in conference over certain amend- ; ments. It has been revived since. Last - year its provisions were subjected to careful analysis by the corporation coun- sel and the Commissioners and, later, by a subcommittee under Representative Nichols of Oklahoma. Mr. Nichols’ sub- committee could not complete its work in time for adequate presentation to the House. This year it has become one of the first local measures to be placed on the House calendar. It is to be hoped that members will study the excellent report accompanying this bill, which explains its provisions and its underlying philosophy, and that they will pass the measure so that there will be an abundance of time for its con= sideration in Senate committee and by the Senate itself. Enactment of this needed legislation should not be de- layed another year. —_——rate Progress by Indirection, Some of the comment following the President’'s message on the Supreme Court and the judiciary suggests that the fundamental weakness of the Presi- dent's strategy may be its disingenuous= ness. It is, plainly, just a bit too smart. The sugar coating, in the form of de- sirable reforms, is & bit too thin. Why should the President, if he believes in what is known candidly as packing the Supreme Court, approach his goal by such a circuitous route? The value of surprise as an important element in strategy and tactics has been demonstrated from time immemorial. The wooden horse of Troy is merely one classic example. But to be effective the element of surprise must be simple and direct. Many a strategist has become so tangled in the depth of his own strategy that he has lost the battle. The President used the element of sur- prise in his message. The press con- ference, the mystery of an important message about to be sent to Congress, the doors guarded until the President completed reading his message to the reporters, the hurried summoning of the chairmen of the Judiciary Committees— all these things no doubt appealed to the President’s highly developed sense of the colorful and the dramatic. And the President’s strategy in prep- aration is also revealed. Plainly dissat- isfied with judicial interpretations of| constitutionality of his New Deal meas- ures, the President has led a campaign of attrition against the solid walls of confidence in the Supreme Court. The court has been pictured in the public mind as standing in the path of progress. The Constitution has been rendered formal homage—but the courts which interpret it have been the targets of continued bombardment. Now, through the breach in the walls, the President leads the attack. But why the white flags? Why, if the plan is to add to the membership of the Supreme Court those members who are inclined to a political point of view, should it be concealed under the advo- cacy of judicial reform? The proposal to enlarge the Supreme Court is not new. The enlargement of the Supreme Court is nothing new. It is a question which is to be considered on its merits. Why is it not presented for consideration on its merits? Why is it given the appear- ance of something that it is not? The President’s message and proposals will be debated for many months to come. In the end, despite the form in which the proposals have been presented, the question for decision will be whether we are to change the traditional conception of the Supreme Court and the judiciary for the sake of obtaining what may seem to be immediately desirable ends in leg- islation. There ought to be more direct, and less dangerous, methods of achieving those ends. — et ————— An enlargement of the United States Supreme Court would be a literary stimu- lation, with new material for gossipy personalities. It is reasonable to expect that further Garden City publications will have the editorial approval of the Department of Agriculture. v Only wonderful self-control, it may be assumed, prevents Charles Evans Hughes from making some rousing po- litical speech, the same as if he were again campaigning. ——e—————— Anybody expecting Dr. Royal Copeland to present a candid diagnosis of politics should not omit to send & stamped, self- addressed envelope for confidential reply. e The “Sin” of Being Old. Of course, everybody more or less enthusiastically agrees that it is a ter- rible mistake to be old. In point of fact, it is approximately as much of an error as being young. Authorities who spe- cialize in generalities are forthright in their condemnation of both conditions. Some suppose it to be a cardinal sin to be less than seventy; others presume it a kind of felony to be more than seven- teen. Just now it momentarily is the fashion to follow the latter school and to throw metaphoric hen fruit at every- thing and everybody not absolutely gangrenous with juvenility. Solomon's opinion that “the hoary head is a crown of glory” temporarily has been forgotten; the Mosaic injunc- tion to “honor thy father and thy mother” is out of date. Perhaps it is a symptom of the current period of con- fusion and experimental transition that even theoretically responsible leaders of the people should cater to that strange variety of class-consciousness which sets the undeveloped future at war with the still unburied past. The resultant spec- tacle would be tragic if it were not so notably comic. But it is incontrovertibly laughable to hear an individual “on the wrong side of thirty” complaining about some other individual who happens accidentally to be his senior. The critic overlooks the law whereby he himself is destined to encounter the same fate. He also neg- lects the principle which holds that a sage who has lived sensibly for three score and ten years is apt to be phys- ically and mentally superior to a fool who has wasted his energies through only half that length of time. Age, as any intelligent insurance solicitor will argue, is & relative affair, Byron's “blind old L] Dandolo, th’ octogenarian chief, Byzan- tium’'s conquering’ foe,” stormed and captured Constantinople at ninety-nine; Titian, the master of the Venetian academy, was painting marvelously beautiful canvases at a similar mile- stone of his pilgrimage through the world, and Sir Moses Montefiore, cele- brated philanthropist and the friend of kings, spoke for the whole of interna- tional Jewry when “merely” a hundred and one. Certainly, much depends upon what is wanted. If a rebellion is required, doubt- less callow infants should be summoned to captain it. But if by any chance wisdom, experience and maturity of judgment are likely to be useful, the graybeards might be considered. Before the youngsters knock all their elders on the head, it might be well for them to ask themselves who will be left to fish them out of trouble when they are too deeply involved to help each other. Such a predicament is not inconceivable. It has developed before when over-confl- dent socleties have revolted against those guilty of the “sin” of being old. Responsible authorities assign to Cairo, Ill, the pronunciation “Kayro,” although an early reference to the ancient Egyptian city on the Nile seems probable. A modernization may have occurred under the same influences that sought, without avail, to pronounce St. Lous as if it were spelled “Saint Lewis.” ———s References are being made to George Harvey’s appearance in knee pants, as Ambassador to Great Britain. Restora- tion of forgotten men to remembrance might be an embarrassing occupation. In his day George Harvey's magazine made him conspicuous far more than his trousers. e — As politics proceeds, jurists have a clearer idea of what the President was laughing at in all his campaign photo- graphs. His confidence of purpose was such that he did not take the trouble to laugh in his sleeve. e Society in general is so much con- cerned over the Ohio flood situation that curiosity may arise as to why the Order of the Cincinnati does not do something about it. ——————— For the present the Red Cross appears to take care of all flood sufferers, in- cluding reporters who insist on rushing to the scene of peril and getting their feet wet. —_———————— Fears are expressed that this country cannot maintain neutrality in case of war. It can if it will show a fighting equipment that will inspire thorough respect. ————————— Much complicated argument has origi- nated in Tennezsee. The alert and con- scientious Secretary of State at least managed to steer clear of the Scopes trial. Horse racing in the District of Colum- bia may be favored as a special accom- modation to a group of United States citizens who are used to being kept guessing. ——————————— Old Man River Rhine still hints of more trouble than any caused by the Mississippi. — e An element of the New Deal consists in drawing for more court cards. —————————— Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Good Intentions. Perhaps, in a mysterious place, That we can reach some day, ‘The good intentions we may trace That somehow went astray, And, like the shepherd with his sheep, We'll show a pathway plain; Our good intentions we will keep And bring them home again. Perhaps out there where stars are bright Our good intentions wait, And we at last may see them right, Amid rejoicing great. They say infernal depths are paved With purposes once fair, But let us hope they have been saved For us Somewhere, Up There. Inevitable Contention. “Have you ever believed there might be a way to induce people to dwell to- gether in silence and content?” “In sllence, perhaps,” answer Sena- tor Sorghum, “but not content. I un- derstand that those who have mastered the needful mode of expression can have terrific arguments even in a deaf-mute asylum.” Making a Pet of Him. “Is your wife fond of dumb animals?” “I think she is,” answered Mr. Meek- ton, “but I'm not sure. Anyhow, she very seldom lets me talk.” Confidence Disappointed. Everybody thinks that he Knows what a government should be, But no one that mankind has met Has ever made one perfedt yet. Jud Tunkins says his radio is a will- ing performer, but it can’t learn any new tunes that amount to much. “One who weeps without present rea- son,” said Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “Is exceeded in insincerity only by one who laughs continually with & view to ingratiating himself.” Superabundant Energy. Our honored statesmen are all right As they their ways pursue. Sometimes you think they're going to fight— And yet they never do. “I ain’ tryin’ to reform nobody,” said Uncle Eben, “’cause I's jes’ selfish enough to b'lieve dat if I has any good {deas for moral improvement, I kin mebe be take de benefit personally.” a Secretary Perkins Has the Hardest Government Job BY OWEN L. SCOTT. Not so long ago, hard-bitten politiclans scoffed at the idea of a woman sitting in the President’s cabinet. There might be & woman State Governor or two and a small quota of Congresswomen, but, as for the higher precincts of Govern- ment—they still were to be reserved for men. Yet, today, a woman is holding down just about the toughest job that the Federal Government has to offer, outside the presidency. That job—Secretary of Labor, in a period of worker uprising— rests on the rather frail shoulders of Frances Perkins. She finds herself in the middle, between determined labor leaders who are out for results, and equally determined industrialists, who have their own ideas about what those results should be. Her performance, under the circum- stances, gives every sign of satisfying President Roosevelt, whose representa- tive she is. Results to date make the accomplishments of her masculine prede« cessors seem unimportant by comparison. Miss Perkins really has good reason to be envious of her male colleagues in the cabinet. Each of them has a sim- ple job when compared with hers. Thelr departments are deeply entrenched; well, even lavishly, financed. Their problems often are quickly resolved by increasing the dose of cash to farmters, or ilducing Congress to build a bigger and better Army and Navy, or by taking a few more dollars away from people with money, or performing services for busi- ness men. But it is not so easy to solve the prob- lems of capital and labor. Money will not turn the trick, as it does with the farm problem and, temporarily, with the unemployment problem. A show of authority will not work. Labor leaders balk at forced mediation and employers cannot be bossed easily. In fact, the task confronting Miss Perkins is made next to impossible by lack of any real authority to deal with the problem that the country expects her to solve. * k% X When a big strike breaks, people ex- pect action from the Government. Yet the most that the Secretary of Labor can do legally is to offer a conciliator who will listen to both sides and try to find a basis for discussing differences. Even this conciliation service is on a haphazard basis, with conciliators paid $10 a day only when.they are at work on a strike, There is no trained, well- paid staff available for this impor- tant task. Results have been obtained, despite these handicaps, through the skill and teamwork of President Roosevelt, Miss Perkins and Edward F. McGrady, Assist- ant Secretary of Labor. All three have a technique developed during the bick- ering and strife of the last few years. The President stays in the back- ground, moving openly only when he is sure that his efforts will not be unsuc- cessful. Miss Perkins is his principal buffer. Mr. McGrady, former lobbyist for the A. F. of L, is a specialist in mediation. He has carried much of the burden in all of the big labor disputes, except the automobile strike, and, in that, has been more deeply involved backstage than many imagine. But when the Secretary of Labor moved into the open during early stages of automobile strike maneuvers, heavy firing started. Stories spread that feminine traits were coming to the fore. She was charged with being jealous of her assist- sant, of locking him out of meetings, of attempting to sidetrack him in order to get a share of the limelight for herself. Washington began to hear “I told you so” stories from politicians who never did like the idea of a woman in the cabinet. Actually, a little investigation dis- closed, there was nothing tangible to the stories. She played her part, and, by playing it, enabled Mr. Roosevelt to even up scores with a rebuke for the head of General Motors to offset a pat on the wrist that he previously had given John L. Lewis. All of the time, Mr. McGrady. instead of being locked out of proceedings, was extremely busy. * % * Miss Perkins makes no pretense of hiding her pro-labor sympathies. She is convinced that the law expects as much of her. The statute creating the Department of Labor sets out that its purpose is “To foster, promote and de- velop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profitable employ- ment.” This seems to require partisan- ship on the part of the Secretary of Labor, who tries to get as much as pos- sible for the workers of the country. Henry Wallace does the same for farmers, and Daniel Roper follows suit for business men. Each considers it his job to do as well as possible for the group that he represents. The trouble is that, in the past, the job of Secretary of Labor has largely been honorary. The department had relatively few important duties, and the group in the A. F. of L. that supported the victorious candidate for President expected the honor of picking the Sec- retary. At one time, John L. Lewis expected that Herbert Hoover would name him to the job. When President Roosevelt came into office, the thought was that Daniel J. Tobin, head of the Teamsters’ Union, would be rewarded. Instead, Mr. Roosevelt wanted Miss Perkins and named her. Organized labor, as represented by the A. F. of L., let out & public howl and has had hurt feelings ever sinee. * kK ¥ As hecretury of Labor, Miss Perkins has broadened and strengthened her department until it is on the way to becoming an _ extremely important branch of the Government. She took an active part in shaping the policies of N. R. A, and in the process, crossed Gen. Hugh Johnson, the colorful administrator, who has not for- gotten his experiences with the Secretary. As a result, he loses no opportunity to aim a torpedo at her official career. Under her administration, the statis- tical services of the Labor Department have been expanded and improved. She has been given responsibility for admin- istering the Walsh-Healey act—known as the little N. R. A—through which the Federal Government uses its pur- chasing power to enforce labor stand- ards in industry. The present system of social security, involving old-age pen- sions, old-age insurance and unemploy- ment insurance, was built out of the study of a committee on which Miss Perkins was chairman. * X X ¥ The first four years of feminine ad- ministration of a major department of the Federal Government—the only four years ever to provide an example of fem- inine administration—have been years of the department’s principal growth in prestige and importance. But, in those years, Miss Perkins has not sold herself to the public very effectively. She got off on the wrong foot with many newspaper men by showing a reserve that they did not particularly like. Her backstage clashés with Gen. Johnson, finally leading up to his resignation as N. R. A. administrator, brought reper- cussions when the general began to write for newspapers. A New England v Religion and art have always been closely related. Religion has been the inspiration of art and art has been the rich exponent of religion. Among the choicest canvases the world holds, those that portray sacred persons and themes occupy a commanding place. Well nigh every nation has produced a painter whose supreme effort has been to place on canvas a conception of the Holy Family and in the features of the Ma- donna he has expressed his ideal in terms of his own people. Thus Raphael gives us the face of the Italian, Murillo that of the woman of Spain, and so on through the great masters of the brush. When I asked Heinrich Hoffman in Dresden in 1898 from what studies of the human face he had produced his noble and beautiful head of the Christ he told me that it was from no such study; he had fashioned his masterpiece solely from his imagination. With a sigh that ex- pressed his deep yearning he said: “If I could only paint what I think.” Even his fine canvas was inadequate to express his devotion and love for Him whom he worshiped. Art draws heavily upon the imagina- tion, and its rich colors are creations of the mind and heart. Science has its exact measurements, its test tubes, iis mathematical calculations; its labors are in the study and the laboratory; its findings are the result of long pondering and unflagging and persistent research. To it the world pays tribute and from it it has received countless blessings. Our age has witnessed such amazing advance along scientific lines that it is bewildered by its achievements. Time was when to relate science and religion seemed an impossible task. We recall Andrew D. White's monumental work entitled “The Warfare of Science and Religion,” im which he sought to show and show con- clusively the age-old conflict that had marked the resistance of religion to the new disclosures of science. We doubt whether such a contention could be maintained today. Religion has come to recognize the legitimate field of science l‘ln;i science the legitimate fleld of re- gion. Fifty Years Ago In the Star The Star of January 31, 1887, com- ments as follows upon a proposal, just e made, to erect a me- Memorials morial in this city to To Mothers. the mother of the first President: “The Washington national monument having, after forty years of struggling, been capped and dedicated and the Mount Vernon estate put into safe- keeping, it has occurred to the citizens of Fredericksburg, Va., to revive the project of a memorial to Mary Washing- ton, mother of the immortal George, which has lain dormant for half a century. To this end Congress is in- vited to contribute the small matter of twenty thousand dollars. “Undoubtedly the object is excellent, for all accounts agree that Mrs. Wash- ington was a woman of sterling char- acter—an old-fashioned mother, who brought her sons up to do something and to be somebody. It is eminently fitting that Fredericksburg should honor her memory, but there may have been a reasonable difference of opinion as to the expediency of an appropriation by Congress to glorify a private citizen whose claim to such distinction rests wholly on the cultivation of the domestic virtues. For all we know, the mother of Abraham Lincoln may have been as deserving on this score as Mary Washington. But good mothers—heaven be praised!—are not so rare figures in the history of our Republic. The men who have grown great and who have loyally ascribed the rooting of heroic principles into their moral natures to the women who bore and reared them are many indeed. To establish the precedent of raising monuments would be dangerous for Congress; and, if a few are to be chosen from the multitude, who shall draw the line between the mothers, for instance, of a Patrick Henry, of a John Jay and of a Winfield Scott?” N * X “The traction railway bill, which re- cently passed the House and is now be- Street Car Needs ::;'s ‘-{-‘,f, sseau‘;"' In Washington. February 4, 1887, “is made the sub- ject of conflicting petitions from citizens of the District. Where the use of the traction system is practicable and add!- tional street railroads are desired or de- sirable, no weighty objections can be urged against it. The swifter cable is likely to become a substitute for the horse on all street rallways. The sys- tem has the merit, too, of supplying groove rails, level with the street, that do not hinder travel and dislocate the wheels of light carriages crossing them, as the projecting T rails of the present horse car lines often do. The valid ob- jection to the present proposition is not to the system, but to the use of certain streets for railroad purposes upon which the city does not need additional facili- ties of transportation. Residence streets like Twelfth, Thirteenth and Sixth, upon which it is proposed to place tracks, are already easy of access from the tracks upon adjacent parallel streets like Eleventh, Fourteenth, Seventh and Ninth. The streets and avenues not positively needed by the public for street railroad purposes should be care- fully reserved.” PU———— ] conscience has led her to step on toes that may not have required stepping on. Then there is the fact that politicians become uncomfortable when they must ask a woman for political favors, par- ticularly when the woman does not particularly understand the ways of na- tional politics and politicians. The result is that what probably has been the best administration of the De- partment of Labor in its relatively brief history has received the least favor- able attention. And, where a woman has tackled & tough job, with important results to show for it, there has grown an impression that the job was a bit bungled. * x x % Really what happened was that Miss Perkins took over a department that handled many of the Federal Govern- ment’s social welfare activities, and, as a leader with long experience in welfare work, prepared to move ahead in that fleld when labor disputes and the grow- ing tension between workers and em- ployers forced her into the center of an impossible task, for the solution of which she no power other than that of persuasion. The job was one that neither man nor woman could fill with full satisfaction. Mr. Roosevelt is well enough pleased with the first four years of experiment with feminine administration of a Gov- ernment department to indicate that there will be another four if Miss Per- kins wishes to serve. (Copyright, 1937.) b Among the most outstanding scientists of this later age the church has found many of its strongest and most ardent advocates. The late Dr. Henry Fair- fleld Osborn, an outstanding leader in the scientific world, boldly mainiained that what education in its larger inter- pretation needed was a “reaffirmation of the elemental imperatives of religion.” As I write there lies before me a letter from an eminent modern scholar in which these sentences occur: “Religion, art and sclence are a trinity in unity,” and again he affirms: “Religion, art and science must join hands in a higher expression of good than the world has ever known.” The great Master declared Himself to be the “Way, the truth and the life.” He further declared: “Ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.” To bring light where there was darkness, the illumination of 'he mind where there was dense ignorance; health where there was disease; a clear vision of life’s greatest values where superstition and selfish conceits hindered man's highest development—these were the avowed purposes of His ministry. Surely there is nothing in His teaching that embarrasses or restricts men in his wider search for truth. He is the in- spiration of the honest seeker. The light which He brought to the world was to be the chief contribution to man’s en- deavor in his quest for the more abun- dant life. Let it be readily acknowledged that art and science have done much to make religion more real and more in- dispensable, yes, and to make it a more vital asset to man in his struggle for the highest attainment of his ideals. ‘The more intimately these contributions to the enrichment of life can be related, the sooner shall we approximate those standards of excellence that will make this a better world in which to live. Better bodies mean better souls; a broader knowledge of man's greater freedom; the opening of things secret and hidden means a finer understanding of the will and purpose of God and of the amplitude of His love. “Ye shall know the truth and the truth shall make you free,” this is His promise. Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. The cabinet premier, Secretary of State Cordell Hull, at the White House reception Thursday night for high Gov- ernment officials from various depart- ments and independent establishments, in chatting with friends emphasized a striking fact. “Probably nowhere in the world,” he pointed out, “can so much concentrated and varied knowledge on all phases of human welfare and activity —scientific, historical, economic—be found in one group as under this White House roof tonight.”” He then gave a number of illustrations of men attend- ing that function who have profound knowledge on certain subjects, have made intensive and extended research, and who are authorities on almost any subject under the sun related to human welfare. *x % Now and then we hear Congress re- ferred to as a herd of “dumb driven cattle”— Be that as it may—and it is a facetious rather than a serious allusion—the Na- tional House of Representatives is now being run by two outstanding, well- experienced and enthusiastic pedigreed Jersey cattle breeders—Speaker Wil- liam B. Bankhead of Alabama and House Leader Sam Rayburn of Texas. Speaker Bankhead owns a 400-acre farm in Alabama, where he raises cotton, corn, hay and potatoes—and a part of which is used by him to indulge his zeal for a prize-stock Jersey herd. More than 10 years ago he undertook to develop the pure-bred Jersey strain with the idea of producing a grade of milk cattle that would improve the scrub herds then prevalent. So he acquired a very valu- able high-bred male and some registered cows. He has devoted his zeal to quality rather than quantity and his herd now numbers only 30 cows—but he is proud of every one of them. Nor does he offer any of his products at the various cattle fairs, although expert judges have pro- nounced most of his stock blue-ribbon- ers. He keeps one cow at this residence in Jasper which gives five gallons of rich milk daily. House Leader Rayburn has been in the Jersey business about 15 years. The first Jersey bull he ever owned was given to him by Senator Carter Glass of Vir- ginia, who is also a fancier. Rayburn’s cattle are mostly of the Highland breed, some he imported from the Isle of Jer- sey. He also has about 30 head and runs his herd in connection with his farm. L Page the “man of many jobs” who has progressively made good—Repre- sentative Robert L. Mouton, Democrat, of Louisiana. After graduating from a local institute he started working as a bank runner, worked up to assistant cashier, acted as secretary to the presi- dent, taught French, stenography and typewriting in a local college, opened an insurance office and operates a night school for business training. Received a commission from the United States State Department as aide to the general receiver of customs in Haiti, collector of customs at Gonalves, Haiti, West Indies; volunteered in the Marine Corps, served overseas as interpreter and intelligence officer to the first squadron, first Ma- rine aviation outfit; was mayor and post- master of Lafayette, Ind.; is a horti- culturist and owns and operates a large azalea and camellia japonica nursery and has lectured to garden clubs all over the country on the proper culture of these particular plants. *x % Senator Lynn J. Frazier was born Re- publican in Maine—but his parents were early Western pioneers, first in Minne- soto and later in the northern part of Red River Valley, N. Dak. He was grad- uated from the State Normal School when he was 21, and actively took up the management of the family home- stead for his widowed mother and re- mained on that job for 21 years—then he was elected Governor and re-elected several times. xx %% Representative John Hosea Kerr of North Carolina is the third member of his family by the same name to serve in the National House of Representatives —his great uncle, John Kerr, and his son, Judge John Kerr, were the others. He is the son of a Confederate captain. While serving on the bench he was nominated to succeed Representative Claude Kitchin, former House leader, and he was elected at a special election, November 6, 1923—with only one vote cast against him. —— b . Amatory Anatomy. Prom the Grand Island Independent. One poor fellow who lost his heart, then his head and asked for her hand now finds trouble on foot and is about ' to get it in the neck. ’ Restoring the Castles of Palestine. BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. For many years Jews in the United States, Great Britain and some other countries have displayed the keenest in- terest in the Zionist movement, a move- ment irtended to repatriate members of the Jewish race to the ancient land of their fathers. Americans have had a large part in the work, Associate Justice Brandeis of the Supreme Court being one of the outstanding leaders. Large sums have been contributed to forward the work, and many thousands of Jews have been assisted in returning and es- tablishing themselves in Palestine. This work has been chiefly of a religio- sociological nature. How successful it eventually will prove can scarcely be foretold. While originally the Jews were a pastoral people with a keen knowledge of husbandry, their vicissitudes the world over have been such as to turn them away from the soil. It has been said that, in view of the centuries of change since the dispersion of the tribes, no restoration in a national, racial sense can be accomplished. * * x % Another sort of restoration has, how- ever, been undertaken in the Palestine region. It is the restoration of the tremendous castles, fortresses and cathe- drals which were built in that region by the Crusaders. One is inclined to think of this part of the world as a part of the East, far removed from Western Europe’s culture and architecture. One naturally expects to see the mosque and minaret rather than the battlement and tower, Yet over a broad territory are scattered castles which resemble in every particular the ancient castles of France, England, Italy and Germany. The rea- son is that they were built by men from these very countries. Indeed, many of them stand today in a better state of preservation than those built in Europe in the same era. For a long period, devout pilgrims from Western Europe journeyed to Palestine in safety. The country was as tranquil as any region in those early days. Then came the invasion from the eastward of the Saracen hordes, who prayed to a different deity and regarded the Euro- peans as heathens. Pilgrims were taxed in an extortionate manner which prac- tically amounted to holding for ransom. Their lives were lightly dealt with. When the news of this development filtered back to Western Europe there was resentment and unrest. It so hap- pened that the time was ripe for some sort of tremendous movement. The serfs were restive. There was no opportunity above the rank of serf save in church or army, except for a relatively few trades- men and artisans who excluded all they could from their groups. * * x ¥ The story runs that one Peter, who dwelt in the low countries, had married a wife older than he who developed into a jealous scold. He fled from her into the hills, where he lived, for a while, the life of a hermit. But she found him out and attempted to bring him home. Realizing that he could not escape her in Europe, he decided to flee farther away. The inspiration came upon him to make pilgrimage to the Holy Land. The news of the altered state of affairs in Palestine reached him and he feared to go alone. The inspiration came to him to raise an army to help him get away from his wife. 8o he went about preaching the First Crusade under the slogan of “Save the Holy Sepulchre!” The spark came at precisely the right moment of economic and political unrest in Europe. Peter the Hermit became, overnight, a holy man. The great captains, Godfrey, Raye mond, Beaumond and Tancred, set out, leading their hosts, and everywhere were Joined by others. Jerusalem was taken. It was found that the wresting of the Holy City from the infidels did not suf= fice to protect pilgrims. The fleet horse- men of the Saracens continued to attack them with even more bitter venom than before. So the order of Knights Templar was organized expressly for the purpose of protecting pilgrims. Later the Knights of St. John were organized into a body to care for the feeble, ailing and desti« tute among them. These knightly orders required bases and permanent defenses, and so began the erection of the tremendous castles which still dot the lands of Palestine, Syrla and Transjordania. The very names of the places seem as out of place as the European architecture. For ex- ample, one finds Belfort, Beauvoir, Chateau Neuf, Montfort, St. Giles, Mira- bel and Blanchegarde—surely anything but eastern names—in this far country. Interest first was stimulated in them, of recent years, when a sort of thesis concerning them, written by Col. Law- rence of Arabia in 1910, when he was an undergraduate at Jesus College, Ox- ford, came to light. L Now the French and British govern- ments have both interested themselves in the restoration and preservation of these historic monuments. It is no small task, for most of them are of tremendous size. There is, for example, the Castle of the Chevaliers, in Syria. Within its walls were a palace, an armory, a church and a barracks. The fortress maintained 2,000 men at arms and stabled 1,000 horses. For more than a century the banner of the Knights of St. John waved from the' citadel, and during their occupancy the place never was taken. There is little known of how these tremendous fortresses were built. They were built on rocky prominences, some- times as much as 1000 feet high, so there was plenty of stone, but the in- finite labor must have required vast numbers of men. The country belng extremely rugged, there was no lack of natural sites. For example, the fortress of Sabyn stands on a vast mass rising out of gorges sur= rounding it, much as the Rock of Gibral- tar rises out of the sea. There was but a single entrance. It was reached by a bridge which spanned a gorge dropping hundreds of feet below. When the bridge was raised the fortress was cut off utterly. ‘While the outer walls of these castles were forbidding in the extreme, within there were amenities. Little is left of the palaces, the living quarters, but there are several amazing churches re- maining, all contained within the en- compassing walls. There one finds superb examples of Gothic comparable with some of the great Gothic cathe- drals of France and England. There are the clustered columns, the springing arches and the groined ceilings. Stand- ing within one of these edifices, it seems incredible that, just outside, through the walls many yards thick, lie either bleak Syrian mountain or stretching desert! These are the strange vestiges of a thousand years ago which are being re- stored as monuments to that vast move= ment which shook the Western world to its foundation and altered history. Ages have rolled by since the sword of Richard Coeur de Lion and the scimitar of Saladin rang, but some things remain, The archeologists and architects, work- ing on the restorations, have found growing in crannied walls such Euro- pean flowers as the snapdragon, not indigenous to the region at all, but which surely are descendants of seeds brought by Crusaders centuries ago from some quiet English garden. { ’