Evening Star Newspaper, December 6, 1936, Page 45

_FORD, 73, FINDS INTERESTS MORE VARIED THAN EVER Industrialist Convinced Next 50 Years Will Bring Great er Economic and Industrial Progress Than Last. BY DAVID J. WILKIE. ETROIT, December 5.—Im- posed upon the walls of & building in River Rouge, home of the Ford Motor Co., {8 the aphorism: “If we had more social justice, we Wwould need less charity.” The words embrace, in brief, the philosophy of a mechanical genius, ‘whose dreams as a youth on a nearby farm brought him world renown at s stage of life where many men already live in the past. It is the philosophy born of an ambition not to accumu- late enormous wealth, not to “change the course of the world,” as some have said, nor to win for himself “a place in that select company assured of perpetual fame,” but to “make of the world a better place in which to live.” The building houses many exhibits of the far-reaching interests of Henry Ford, now in his 74th year, still a mechanical genius, still active, opti- mistic and enthusiastic and still con- vinced the next 50 years will bring greater economic and industrial prog- Tess than the last half century. Ford today is one of the very few survivors, if not actually the last, of the original pioneers in the automo- bile field. Long since gone are such hoted figures in the early days as the Duryea brothers, the Appersons and Haynes, the Lelands and Wintons and others. Ford Freed Competition, ‘They were the men who, while not Wise in the ways of finance in the early days, built with their hands the fore-runners of today's 27,000,000 motor cars. To Ford alone, however, @oes credit for making the industry a really competitive institution and an | dren’s education—family comfort and contentment.” to as personifying “individualism"— some unfriendly rivals called him a “lone wolf.” He preferred always to “go it alone.” He was alone—barring the faith of his wife—when he expressed the be- llef he could build a workable “horseless carriage.” He was alone in his long fight against the Selden patent; alone in his battle with orig- inal stockholders in his company who wanted profits distributed rather than turned back into expansion: alone again in 1921 when he weathered financial difficulty after refusing Wall street aid. ‘When Ford won the Selden paten’ suit in 1911 on the ground that his car did not infringe George B. Sel- den’s patent, his business rivals said he “created his own competition.” suit had been lost “there never could as it exists today.” covery act. Ford held that “no gov- ernment knows enough to run any in- dustry.” Mass Production Pieneer. Henry Ford is regarded in many younger minds today as the invento: of the automobile. Strictly speaking this is incorreet, for there were many who claimed to have been experi- menting with horseless carriages be- fore Ford produced his first vehicle. That he was the first to envisage tiie that would make the motor car avail- able to persons of moderate means is | conceded. The story of the career of Henry Industrially, Ford has been n(erredl Ford himself said that if the patent | have been an automobile industry | Bitterly opposing the National Re- possibilities of production on a basis | ever lengthening shadow of his own | Ford is one of the most romantic in stature. | history, but it has been embellished Of his great wealth Ford speaks al- | With many things that are more fanci- most invariably in the abstract. It is|ful than accurate. Contrary to one commonly understood he has no per- | 8enerally accepted misconception, Ford sonal checking account and usually | Was not the son of poor parents. His carries only a little small change in his | father was an Irish immigrant who pocket. | became a justice of the peace and suffi- | It is more than likely Ford does not | clently well-to-do to be able to offer know the actual amount of the wealth | hiS 50n & farm as a wedding present. that came to him out of the experi-| Another erroneous impression con- ments he conducted in a little red brick | cerns Ford's early schooling. He re- barn in Bagley avenue, here, 44 years | Ceived the education of an average ago. The car, the barn and the lathe | farm youth, finishing the course before used in processing it are among Ford's | Seeking work in a Detroit machine THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D.. C, DECEMBER -6, 1936—PART TWO. BY JOHN L. COONTZ. HAT is going to become of Cc.C.C? W In the forthcoming re- organization of the Federal Government scheduled by President Roosevelt no emergency unit presents | the puzzle for solution that is pre- | sented by this corps. | Generally thought of the Civillan Conservation Corps can be—and is| | contemplated being—continued es a| separate unit performing the work | | that is now intrusted to it until June 30, 1938. This by virtue of the fact | that the President has included sums for its maintenance as such in his 1938 budget. In the first place the corps is built | around human welfare. The youths | ’ Who Will Get the C. C. C'.?_ Many Departments Vie for Successful Agency as Reorganization Is Talked. for all their military character they are but civilian employes in charge of the barracks and management of the camps. For the Army to take over the camps in any reorganization plan affecting them would be to make them centers | for military instruction of youth. This has been advocated. Gen. Moseley is not the first to broach the subject. The camps here would become an integral part of the Army, welfare would no longer be one of their rea- |sons for existence, all youth in the | 1and would be eligible for enroliment and their general character would be training in the military for national defense. From the Army the camp | enrollees would go forth to the various | fields of activity of the Interior De- De- D3 STAR SEEN RISING AGAIN FOR WINSTO of Germany’s BY A. G. GARDINER. England's Greatest Liberal Editor. INDON.—In the language of the ring, Winston Churchill is staging & come-back. For half s dozen years, he has been under the weather—a lonely voice in the general tumult, without a party and with many enemies, distrusted by the Tories, cold-shouldered by the Liberals, anathema to labor and kept at arms’ length by Mr. Baldwin and the government. But always a force, always the most formidable personal- ity in the House, always a power that cannot be ignored, or suppressed or put entirely out of action. In s word, & man of genius, wayward, incal- culable, fighting for his own hand, but with an impetus of mind, a -wide- ranging imagination, a power of speech and a passion for action that compel attention and often wring unwilling applause from “the ranks of Tuscany.” He was born for battle and is happiest when the waves are highest and when the perils of the hour subordinate everything to the demand for bold and confident leader- | ship. Menace Under Surface. 11l is seizing it with both hands. We are living on the crust of a volcano. Superficially, all is lovely in the garden. Trade is booming, the city is walking on air, the specter of un- comfortable surface there is the | growing menace of unthinkable ca- tastrophe. | The subject that fills all minds is whether war is coming, and, if so, what are our commitments in regard | to it. Never was there a greater con- ! fusion of voices. You will hear ex- treme pacifists of the Left demand- ing intervention on the side of the government in Spain and a Franco- Russian-British alliance against Ger- many. You will hear Tories of the Right advocating a policy of com- plete isolation. The Communist fac- tion would have us fight for Russia. The Fascists call on us to crawl on all fours before Mussolini and Hitler. In s0 far as one can form an impres- sion of what the great dumb mob is Such a moment is here and Church- | employment is laid. But beneath this | N CHURCHILL Prestige Enhanced by Developments Showing He Was Right on Magnitude Rearmament. | thinking, it is that it will not fight for an issue In Eastern Europe. If Ruse sia and Germany are coming to blows, let them fight it out them- selves. A plague on both their houses. In the midst of all this contusion the government is interpreting the mind of the country with wisdom and caution. It is struggling to prevent the flames of the Spanish volcano engulfing Europe, and Mr. Eden's dec- larations as to limitation of our war commitments to our vital interests in the channel, the Mediterranean and Iraq have been generallly approved. How far that limitation will be ef- fective if the guns begin to go off | and France is drawn into the conflict | on the side of Russia is another mat- | ter. | Undercurrent of Unrest, | But while the declared policy of the | government is indorsed by responsible | opinion, there is a strong under- current of unrest as to the efficiency of ministers to give it the maximum of effect. There is no outstandinz figure in their cabinet that gives con- fidence of swift and decisive action. And there is no voice that clarifies the mind of the country on our pur- poses and our preparations. It is in these circumstances that Churchill's star is rising, even for those who, in normal times, are most hostile to him. His prestige has been enormous- ly enhanced by the fact that events have shown that he was right and Mr. Baldwin was wrong on the sub- ject of the magnitude of Germany's rearmament. That prestige has been acknowledged by the prime minister's consent to call him and certain of his colleagues into private counsel on the situation. Now, he has placed him- self at the head of a non-party move- ment for the twin cause of peace and defense. He has roped in eminent men of all parties, with the double appeal of the big stick and the em- ployment of that weapon to rebuild the League and the cause of collec- tive #peace. That appeal does not bring him in conflict with the gov- ernment, and his unrivaled gifts can hardly continue to be left unused on ! the back benches. Group Insurance Plays Important Role In Growing Social Security Demand BY HARDEN COLFAX. | partment and the Agriculture partment. But their administration |and full responsibility would be that |of the Army. In the final disposition of these making up its rolls are from families | that need financial assistance. This| they are receiving from the corps by | way of their sons. But prosperity is | | returning and. according to corps offi- | | most prized possessions. shop. Subsequently he became chief In appearance, mannerism and per- | éngineer of the Edison Illuminating sonality, Ford might truthfully be | Co. in Detroit. called a “typical American.” Visitors,| It has been said the late Senator | ! the lower loading expenses, lower com- realizing he was past middle age be- | fore nis dream began to take shape, | assert that time in many ways has | Wwithheld its hand from his shoulders. | Lean almost to the point. of gaunt- ness, he stoops slightly, but his step is quick, his eyes twinkle merrily, his handclasp is firm and a personal | magnetism makes admirers. Plain spoken, Ford personifies sim- | plicity and democracy. Society sees little of him now; it saw less of him in the days when he was building up | his huge industrial interests. | Convinced that the soil can “be all things to all men,” he is more deeply interested in soil productivity at the moment than in any other one thing that comes within his perspective, Has Faith in Soil. He believes the soil can be made to produce not only all the things man Tequires for food, but all the things he now looks to industry to provide. Probably no one thing in this con- nection interests him quite as much as | proving his contention that agriculture nd industry have a very definite | nity for each other and must be *good neighbors.” Ford is proving & large part of this theory by utilizing the soy bean as the base not only for plastics used in motor cars but also for paint for body | finishing in the industry. Wholly different is his view of in- | dustry and finance. “Industry is one | thing,” he asserts, “finance is an- other.” Ever since his brush with | Wall Street in 1921, the year his | James Couzens, an early associate of | Ford, played a large part in the suc- | cessful development of the Ford Motor Co. with the financial affairs of the com- pany and for a time drew as large a | salary from it as did Ford himself. | None ever has challenged the fact, | however, that the company was found- ed and progressed upon the Ford me- chanical genius. Before the present company was or- ganized Ford had established in 1902 & partnership with Tom Cooper, noted bicycle racer and, also had formed the Henry Ford Co. Both these were fail- ures in so far as they concerned, Ford | himself, but with the incorporation of his present company in 1903 the Ford rise was meteoric. From a production of 195 cars in 1903 Ford methods ran output up to & record of 10,000 cars in one day. As a matter of fact, the Ford company has led in production volume in only a few years since 1927, when Chevrolet, under the leadership of William 8. Knudsen, one-time Ford production chief, became a more active com- ‘petil.or. | Many Facets in Career, The Ford career has developed many facets in the years since 1903. There have been such things still fresh in many minds, as his peace ship expedition, & $4.000-a-day enterprise that failed in 1915; his tractor and aviation interests, his suit against the Chicago Tribune which called him an anarchist and in which he won a 6- Couzens did have much to do | : t company “almost went broke,” Ford | C¢nt verdict: his involuntary entty cials in Washington, this is affecting enrollment, especially in the indus- trial centers of the country. Heads | of families, out of work for the last few years, are now returning o work and, as a result, financial assistance sought through the corps is tfalling off. Prosperity is having a liquidating influence on the corps, which, as time | goes on, will become heavier and | heavier. | This presents two or three alterna- | tives for the continuation of the corps. It can be expanded from a welfare basis to that of training camps for vouth in the military, be taken over by the Agriculture Department for manifold fleld duties in that depart- ment or by the Interior Department for practically the same purpose. Ex- cept that in case of the Interior De- partment there would have to be, pos= sibly. some reorganization by depart- ments, shifting of all conservation work to this department; a thing sug- gested by Secretary Ickes last Con- ' gress and embodied in a bill. Army Supervision Talked. In the case of the Army, the sug- | gestion has already been made by Maj. Gen. Moseley. commanding general of | the 4th Corps Area, that all C. C. C. camps in the United States be ex- panded to take in all youths of 18 vears of age and that, additional to the present activities of the camps, military training be added. Moseley: “I would take the six work days and divide them into two parts. One part Says Gen. | from the boys. In the field the camp enrollees are under the direction of skilled foresters and conservationists placed at their head by the Interior and Agriculture Departments. In the camp they are under the control of Reserve officers of the Army. The | reason that Reserve officers have been | chosen is due to the fact that they are the only cohesive body of men in the Nation with experience in handling men outside of the Regular Army. But PEACE TALK BY DEFINING | COULD HELP ‘AGGRESSOR’ ‘Buenos Aires Conference Has Oppor- tunity to Make Great Contri- bution to Cause of Peace. BY GASTON NERVAL. HE Pan-American Conference ‘The first concrete proposal for a | definition of an aggressive state was | camps, the Agriculture Department and the Interior Department also have been rumored as interested. The Agri- culture Department, with its vast. far- flurg activities in connection with the national forests, soil conservation. Biological Survey, Animal! Industry, Plant Industry and engineering, is reported as more than interested in control of the camps. This department has already full control of C. C. C. enrollees in Alaska and Puerto Rico. | Another arzument advanced by Ag- riculture control proponents is that about three-fourths of the camps to- day are devoted to Agriculture De- | partment projects. These cover the | United States and overseas posses- sions. They range the field enumer- ,ated in the paragraph above. The jcorps would be valuable to the de- partment also in carrying out its long-range programs, largely intensi- fied by the economic times we are | now on. In the case of the Interior Depart- ment the work there is largely forest meeting at Buenos Aires could | contained in the Protocol for the Pa- | and conservation work. Today. with make few greater contributions to the cause of international | peace and security in the New World | than to agree on a formal and con- tractual definition of an aggressor | state, binding on all the 21 American republics. The greatest objection of skeptics | and pessimists to the League Covenant, the Kellogg-Briand pact, the post-war the whole peace machinery laboriously built up since Versailles, lies in what arbitration treaties, and, in general, | cific Settlement of International Dis- putes, drafted at Geneva in 1924, and signed, though not ratified, by 18 coun- tries members of the League of Na- tions. The protocol was mainly con- cerned, however, with the obligations of the League Covenant, and the only involving disregard of the methods for diplomatic negotiation provided for in articles 13 and 15 of the Cove- nant; failure to comply with a judicial sentence or an arbitral award arrived aggression it had in view were those has been his own financial partner, | Ford started the present Ford Mo- | tor Co. on the proverbial “shoe- | string”—$28.000 of a $100,000 capital- ization was actually paid in when business began in 1903. It produced | nine multi-millionaires before Ford | bought out the original stockholders in 1919, and concentrated sole owner- | ship in himself, his wife and his son. | ‘There is a story, never officially con- | firmed or denied, that Ford once re- | fused an offer that ran above the $1.000.000,000 mark for his holdings | ment of his own steamship lines, | into politics as & senatorial candidate to be defeated by a scant 4,000 votes; his mass production of submarine —that is, every other day—would be | devoted to basic military training, not | militaristic in any sense, but confined chasers during the World War, de- | to those elements of military trainin, spite an_avowed pacifism, and his iy g they consider the impossibility of de- | at with the aid of the legal machinery termining the aggressor. recognized by the Covenant, and vio- The problem of fmding out who |lation of measures enjoined by the threw the first stone has constituted { League’s Council for the period while the main hindrance to the success of | the proceedings of conciliation or ar- great rubber-growing program in Brazil, now nearing the point of pro- duction. While all these things were in the making Ford found time to perfect his industrial philosophy looking to the control of primary necessities by acquiring vast coal reserves, iron prop- erties and timber lands, the establish- long before they reached their present | pranch assembly plants throughout value. | the world, the building of huge steel | But Ford has his own conception of | foundries, glassmaking plants d | money. “Money,” he- once said, “Is|scores of other related enterprises lll} to function under onme controlling head. Myriad interests are Ford's, but hav- like the belt on & machine; it must be | kept moving round and round to be of | any real value.” | | To the industry Ford is identified not | ing built milions of motor cars, trac- as much as the man who heads an in- | tors, airplanes and steamboats, and dustrial empire reaching into the far | purchased mines, forests, railroads, corners of the world, but as the pioneer numberless acres of land and hundreds ‘who introduced mass production, who | of priceless historical objects, he is, at which are well worth while and which | inure to the benefits of the Nation at large.” | Military training today is no part of | the camps, contrary to the impression |in many quarters that it is. The | Army merely administers the camps. | The boys do not even do a “squads right” and “squads left.” The nearest approach to military training received is an answer to roll call and a call to mess. | A typical day in camp takes the | following form: | 6:30—Time to get up. Boys dress and, when the bugle blows reveille, form in line in front of the barracks for roll call. “Barrack No. 1. All present and ac- counted for. Barrack No. 3. All pres- ent and accounted for.” Between breakfast and reveille, men police barracks, make up bunks and all anti-war measures. And the critics have exploited the difficulties of the problem to scorn the endeavors of idealistic statesmen who have been crusading against war. Latin American is no exception to the rule. There, too, die-hard nation- | alists oppose disarmament, interna- ‘uonnl accords to organize peace and | obligatory arbitration on the ground i that it never is possible, when the | bitration were in progress. A more inclusive and perfected formula was that submitted to the Disarmament Conference of 1933 by the Russian government, and later | adopted by the Committee on Security | Questions of the League of Nations. This, the Litvinoff formula, has been indorsed by the most prominent au- | thorities on international law and is actually in effect for all the countries, emergency actually arises, to sinwe out | neighbors of Russia, who have signed the aggressor state. So long as this | non - aggression pacts with the successfully fought the Selden patent case to make the automotive industry | actually competitive, and as the em- ployer who startled the industrial world by establishing & $5-a-day minimum wage scale at & time when average' compensation in automotive plants was | $2.34 a day. “Something Sacred About Wages.” “There is something sacred about wages,” Ford held. “They represent homes and families and domestic des- tinies. People ought to tread very carefully when approaching wages. On the cost sheet wages are mere figures; out in the world wages are bread boxes and coal bins, babies’ cradles and chil- 73, more deeply interested in developing his idea of an affinity between agri- culture and industry. Ford has just harvested what he calls his first “commercial soy bean crop from .the thousands of acres he owns in Southeastern Michigan. He is enthusiastic about his plans for the yield. At the same time, he continues to believe, as he did on his father's farm 50 years ago, that individually- owned transportation is the vehicle not only of progress, but of civiliza- tion itself. “The automobile made roads,’ he said. “Roads make commerce and commerce makes civilization.” Germans of British Descent Bombard Genealogists for LONDON (#)—Germans of British descent who are required under the Nurnberg decree to establish their Aryan ancestry back to 1800 aré bom- barding British genealogical organiza- tions, parish churches, record agents, and Somerset House, registry office of wills and deeds, for help. Unless the applicant knows the name and parish of his ancestor there are enormous djfficulties to be sur- mounted. - Most do not, according to the Society of Genealogists here, a non-profit-making body which has successfully traced ancestors for & number of Germans. ‘The period of 1800-1837 presents the greatest obstacles. In 1837 Somerset House set up the civil register. Be- tween 1800 and 1837, however, there are many gaps in the records, and the German may discover that the information which might have proved him an Aryan has disappeared with- out & trace. Proof of Aryanism from Somerset House. Then the bap- tismal and marriage entries in the parish records can be checked. Copies of these satisfy the decree. It is very seldom that easy, officials of the soclety point out. When the German has only a vague idea of the date of birth and locality, which is | usually the case, & lengthy and ex- | pensive search bécomes necessary. Contributing to the complications is | the fact that the German, even if wealthy, can send only a limited amount of money out of his country. Oftentimes, moreover, it is discov- | ered that the ancestor was a member of a sect outside the Church of Eng- land,' which makes the task even more difficult because not all non-conform- ist churches kept records. Corn Diets Tested. Jowa State College researchers say & pig apparently puts on as much 1f the ancestor was born after 1837 & birth certificate can be weight when fed “hard” eorn as when it is fed “soft” corn. » sweep. 7:15—Mess call (breakfast). Dry cereals and milk with cream, fruit, po- tatoes, creamed beef, eggs, coffee. 8:00—Sick call. Men reporting sick are transferred to hospital for treat- ment or put on light duty around the camp. 8:20—Work call. The bugle sounds for work. Men, clad in blue denim and hat, load on trucks and are taken to their work projects, where they apply themselves diligently to the task at hand until— 12 noon—Mess hour (lunch). At noon mess is served at the project from trucks that carry hot food to the men in thermos containers. 4—Men return to camp. Time be- tween return and dinner is free for clean-up, recreation, sports, camp beautification, reading, etc. 5—Mess call. (Supper) At the evening mess the men wear the dress uniforms—olive drab uniforms, black ties. Menu includes meat, vegetables, beverage, bread and butter, dessert. 6:30—School call (time varies in different camps). Classes and lec- tures held in the camps usually three or four nights a week. Educational work is voluntary. In addition, men are free to read, write letters, play games, participate in sports, etc. Moving pictures are often shown in the camps in the evenings. Religious services are held at least once a week for Catholics, Protestants, Jews. No Military Routine. There is nothing of a military char- atcer here; no formation, no drills, no blackboard tactics. Only the Army’s thorough care of the men as to food, clothing, hospitalization and camp dis- cipline. Nothing is more remarkable than this division of authority which char- acterizses all the C. C. C. camps—a division that has not, as yet, ceused any conflict or resulted in a challenge | tary & - | difficulty exists, they claim, all the treaties and agreements intended to preserve peace by punishing the ag- gressor will be nullified by the two tion of the offended party. Armed Intervention Cited. The problem has been confirmed, time and again, on the American con- tinent, and instances of it are not only peace which have so often disrupted the relations of the United States with Latin American governments, but also & number of international disputes among the Latin American countries themselves. This does not mean, however, that it is an insoluble problem. The so- lution was implied, though in an em- bryonic stage, by President Roosevelt in his message to the heads of all civ- ilized nations more than three years ago. Suggesting the signing of a new and universal non-aggression pact, Presi- dent Roosevelt summed up his plan by proposing that the states of the world “individually agree that they will send no armed force of whatso- ever nature across their frontiers.” This is so broad and all-inclusive that under its test not one of the different situations which in the re- cent past have obscured the identity of an aggressor country could have & repetition in the future. Armed in- tervention for the maintenance of do- mestic order, armed protection of na- tionals abroad and of their property, offensive “self-defensive,” forcible col- lection of debts, so-called vindication of the national dignity, would no longer becloud the issue. The mo- ment that a state sent its armed forces outside its own limits, in the name of any one of the above-men- tioned shibboleths, the aggression would have been committed and the excuses would not suffice. The aggressor would be identified by its own action, no matter how just its cause might be, if, to satisty its grievances, it chose the means of force and violence to those of diplomacy and arbitration. And, what is even more important, it would be identified irrespective of physical sise or mill- power. i controlling nations adopting the posi- | the armed interventions in times of | Soviets. It defines as an aggressor state that | which, in an international conflict, is the first to commit any of the follow- ing actions: 1. Declaration of war upon another state; 2. Invasion by its armed forces, with or without a declaration of war, of the territory, vessels or aircraft of an- other state; 3. Attack by its land, naval or air force, with or without a declaration of war, on the territory, vessels or air- craft of another state; 4. Naval blockade of the coasts or | ports of another state; 5. Provision of support to armed ‘bands formed in its territory which have invaded the territory of another state, or refusal, notwithstanding the request of the invaded state, to take, in its own territory, all the measures in its power to deprive those bands of all assistance or protection. No Excuse for Aggressions. Moreover, it is specified that “no political, economic or other considera- tions may serve as an excuse or justi- fication for the aggressions referred .| to.” In the Western Hemisphere the idea was ably seized and developed by the authors of the Mexican Peace Code which was submitted at the Monte- video Conference of December, 1933. Although the Mexican Code was not even discussed at Montevideo, but merely recommended to the attention of the participating governments, the suggested by more than one Latin American country as the next im- portant step in the peace machinery attempting to build up. As for the United States, there is nothing in the suggested formula for definition of an aggressor state which could prevent this country from ad- hering to it without departing from its traditional policy of not entering into foreign entangiements of & po- litical nature. This is purely a juri- dical matter and one which demands prompt solution, if the peace of the American continent is to be founded on solid bases. . 4 definition of the aggressor has been | which the Buenos Aires conferees are ' the exception of a few camps centered around military reservations, the bulk of the quarter of camps remaining, outside of those on Agriculture proj- ects, are doing work for the Interior Department. The argument against | the Interior Department it that it could not supply work for the entire camp set-up—some 2,000 scattered throughout the country. To meet this situation there would have to be, undoubtedly. some shift- | ing of conservation work from other departments to the Interior Depart- | ment. This has been advocated by Secretary Ickes. Last Congress he stood for a bill introduced to change the name of the Interior Department [ to that of Conservation, heading into the department all conservation work of the Government. The bill failed. Attention of Congress. Present indications are that the C. C. C. will receive a great deal of | attention in the forthcoming Congress. ‘When the item of appropriation comes up for consideration—an item that will run around $3,500,000 to $4.000,- 000 —for the continuation of the camps through to June 30, 1938, there | will come up the question of the | future of the C. C. C. In the discus- sion there will be heard those who favor its transfer to the Army, to the | Agriculture Department, to the In- terior. There will also be heard the present administrators of the camps as a separate emergency unit, as it now exists. To date politics has not entered into its administration: but as it approaches its end of usefulness, caused by returning prosperity, there is bound to be some grasping for its control by the several interested de- partments of the Government. Further, over and above all this is |the question of sufficient work | throughout the country to keep 300,000 | men busy the year round. The for- ests of the nation are pretty well cleaned up today; trails have been built back into the hinterland woods; firebreaks have been built; streams have been put under control—a thou- sand and one projects, all having for their objective the conservation and continued upkeep along a high type plane of the natural resources of the country, have been performed by the C. C. C. Is it necessary to keep 300,- 000 men yearly on the job? It is these thoughts that are re- volving around C. C. C., the most pop- ular and without question, the leading useful emergency project of President Roosevelt. But founded on human wel- fare, based on the need of relief and slipping on that ground because of returning prosperity and mission ful- filled, into which direction will it be catapulted in the government reorgan- ization now in the air? | Town Aids Children To Be 100 Pet. Fit Childhood must be 100 per cent fit in Wigan, England, the authorities have decreed. A free hot dinner is to be served daily, except Sunday, to 500 school- children, with free milk three times s day to 2,000 selected youngsters. A typical dinner will comprise meat and potato pie, peas and beans and an orange. Hot cocoa is to be added in cold weather. All the children included in.the plan were found in various stages of undernourishment, 4 LL over the world during the past few years plans have been made and some put in A operation for what has come "to be widely known as “social se- curity.” Many plans have failed, but a number are now apparently in suc- cessful operation. As a whole, the peoples of the world may be said to have become security conscious. For many vears in the United States the public has been aware of the needs for protection against all sorts of hazards in modern life. fact, insurance statistics show that during recent years the United States has led the world in the amount of insurance in force. | A study of group American industry, which has come to be a favorite form of life insurance, | has been prepared by the Commer- | | cial Laws Division of the Department of Commerce. This reminds us that, by the end of the present vear, there will be more than $100.000,000.000 worth of insurance in force in the United States. 10 Per Cent Group Insurance. Group insurance represents about |10 per cent of the total business in life insurance in this country. Last year group contracts averaged $300,000 ! and totaled $1,300,000.000. an increase of more than $400,000.000 over the amount in force in 1932. Ordinary industrial insurance we are told, last year totaled $72,000,000,000, as com- pared with $10,000,000,000 of the group type. While group insurance is often con- | ) fused with industrial insurance, there |is really a good deal of difference be- ! insurance in | missions and elimination of medical costs for examination. Moreover, be- cause the members of the group are of an average age. and are replaced each year on an average, by younger people, the mortality cost is low Industrial insurance, on the other hand. is insurance for small sums with weekly premiums, the amount of in- surance depending on the age of the individual taking out the policy. Nate urally, the cost of this insurance is higher than the ordinary and considere ably higher than group insurance. The demand for group insurance in its various forms, we are reminded, | originally came chiefly from employers who desired to provide life insurance for all their workers. It also involved a desire to get rid of the necessity for medical examinations. Various precautions, in addition to the usual inspection of plants, is made by companies insuring on the group plan. Indeed, many factors have to be taken into consideration and weigh more than in the case of the insurance of individuals, such as sex, nationality, wage scales, sobriety quirements for employment. Points Considered. ‘The companies are particularly ine terested in knowing whether suffi- cient protection against trade dis- eases, so called, has been provided by the employer. Increasing atten- tion is being given to buildings and surroundings, with regard to proper ventilation, pure drinking water, the necessary equipment and arrange- ments for sanitation and for the tween these forms. Group insurance | avoidance or lessening of accidents is used principally by large industries | and what are known as vocational |to insure their employes, although quite & number of groups of employes ! voluntarily purchased such insurance | for themselves. This plan provides "Ior the insurance of a large number i of individuals under a sort of blanket policy, at & low cost to the policy hold- ers and usually without medical ex- }lmimuon. | This sort of policy has other advan- | | hazards. | Finally, the Commerce Department study reminds us. insurance com- ]‘ panies are now requiring that a group | be insured on a basis which does not | leave the individual the right to de- termine whether or not he or she will enter the group. If the employe must | pay for the insurance, unfortunate selections may take place. Therefore, | tages, including a lower premium than | group insurance is generally restrict- that which is charged for a corre- | sponding amount of ordinary life in- | surance, this, of course, being due to ed to the insurance of employes of iom emplover where the owner him- i self pays the entire premium charge. |Stalin Soft-Pedals His Own Name Apparently to Avoid Criticism MOSCOW (#).—Less and less the | that he wished to be undisturbed in name of Stalin is being featured in | ‘“the peace of the other world” may the development of Soviet Russia. That is the way Stalin wants it. Although this has been apparent for many months, it was brought home most strikingly by the absence of Stalin's name from the 35 slogans ap- | proved by the Central Committee of November celebration of the revolution. Many reasons why such a move is in order are apparent to those who have followed recent developments here. There is no one who believes the move means Stalin is releasing any of his great power, but rather that he has turned to a more removed and less advertised means of governing the nation. Four Reasons Advanced. Four reasons are suggested for Sta- lin's new maneuver. They are: 1. The accusation, especially abroad, that Stalin was only belatedly aping the tactics of Mussolini and Hitler. 2. Stalin’s,smoldering anger at the world and his own people for not wholly accepting the recent Zinovieff- Kamenef! trial at its face value. 3. His realization that dead heroes like Lenin inherently command greater attention from the people than con- temporary politicians and executives. 4. The explanation that Stalin, al- ways modest, permitted the personal advertising only because he realized | the Soviets must have some “ikon” to | replace the Czar and church, but that |day s now past, with innumerable other things, such as the five-year | plans, the Stakhanovite movement, the | red army and the new constitution, to claim their attention rather than per- sonalities. Probably a grain of all these go into the reasons for the new maneuver, the Communist party for use in the | represent a milestone in bolshevik his- tory. now approaching its majority. Still Retains Power. Foreign rumors that Stalin is serie ously ill, and that the move proves the open displeasure of his own party are | wholly discounted here. It is felt the | leader of the bolshevists has as yet | lost no single shred of his power. Stalin has never been bombastic. but there are many events and policies of | contemporary Russians that leave him open to such a charge. The recent sky writer who etched the word “Stalin” in letters a mile | high for the edification of a million | spectators watching an aviation meet- | ing on the outskirts of Moscow sug- | gested the trend of things only as re- cently as last August. No sky writer tried to print Lenin's name on the clouds. There were criticisms heard of this, as well as the stunt of the stratosphere balloon which took off carrying a gigantic picture of Stalin, but not of Lenin. If Stalin's new maneuver is serious, | and many believe it is, there are many | millions of photographs, paintings, | sculpture and busts of him that are | going to be a drug on the market. His | profile is in almost every home, and up | to now appeared virtually daily in the | press. Now it is seen less frequently in | the newspapers, especially those posed i photographs holding babies and shak- | ing the hands of new aviation or ine dustrial heroes. Arabs Sur;ender Variety of Arms Among the arms surrendered by the | which significantly came just in ad- ' Arabs to the British in Palestine fol- vance of the Eighth Congress of the lowing the recent insurrection are Soviets, November 25, to promulgate | many of obsolete type, but most of the new constituion. them date from World War days, as- At any event . Stalin's own state- | tonishing collections of weapons of ment recently to the Associated Press | German, Turkish and British origin. 4