Evening Star Newspaper, November 24, 1936, Page 10

A—10 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D, C. November 24, 1936 e The Evening Star Newspaper Company. 11ty 8t "and Fenoavivinis Ave o Pork Offge: P R 304 8t. P LR Ry S R L Rate by Carrier Within the City. B B By n(: on 4 -45¢ per month -80c per month 65c per month Orders may be sent thn:rl.laoa Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. M;'MI'I‘ S ‘l.‘ $1,00 ly and Sundgy..1 yr., $L mo., ndas oy é ; l - ke Member of the Associated ‘The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches eredited to 1t or not otherwise credited {n this Paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. The Poor Rich. Concentrated wealth, Gifford Pinchot insists, is “Political Liability No. 1.” How times have changed! The political leader who could fill his campaign chest with dollars from the rich used to be ac- counted a lucky man. But now, if it is even breathed that the Morgans, the Mellons, the Du Ponts, the Rockefellers or any of the other wealthy persons in the country are contributing to a political party, the effect is terrifying, devastating. The remark of the former Governor of Pennsylvania was made in an inter- view dealing with the future of the Re- publican party. If the G. O. P. is to stage a comeback, Pinchot said, it must rid itself of domination by concentrated wealth. It must be no longer possible to refer to it as the party of the rich, the party of the big interests. And it must not be known as the ally, for ex- ample, of the American Liberty League. In support of his argument Mr. Pinchot called attention to the recent election, in which President Roosevelt, running as the friend of the poor, piled up almost 11,000,000 votes more than did his Re- publican opponent. In effect, Mr. Pin- chot said: “Look what the rich have done to the Republican party!” ‘The rich bear a bad name in politics these days. Some of them deserve it, though not all. But the sins of those who have sought special privilege through the use of their wealth in political cam- paigns are visited upon all the rest. There are other Republicans who are shouting that the G. O. P. must disasso- ciate itself from the big interests; that it must no longer bear the name of the party of the rich. No one has done more to pin this label on the G. O. P. than has President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He has proclaimed himself the friend of the poor and the enemy of the “economic royalists”; in fact, the Presidept has been very effective in dividing the voters along the only class lines which have been developed in the United States. What is going to become of the rich, politically? Are their feelings hurt, be- cause of the attacks of Mr. Roosevelt, and are they still more hurt by the diatribes of Pinchot, Borah and other Republicans? Are they to be cast into s political no man's land? Are they to be denied association with any political party? Or will the Democrats “first endure, then pity, then embrace”? In Tecent days some of the rich seem to be making overtures to the New Dealers. If the New Dealers are inclined, they would better listen privately. Not all the wealth was on one side in the late presidential election, al- though the Republicans had the name for it. God, Napoleon once said, is on the side of the army with the biggest guns. If the Republicans had the sup- port of many men of wealth, “concen- trated wealth,” Mr. Roosevelt, on the other hand, reaped the benefit of billions of dollars doled out from the Federal Treasury to millions of voters for one thing or another. While the New Deal Democrats are erowing and the Republicans are sor- rowfully shaking their heads and aiming to remake their party organization on purified lines, what is to become of these orphans of the political storm, the rich? Perhaps they will find a niche all their own; or perhaps they will become pro- gressive and leap aboard the bandwagon. Ben Pranklin was a good old printer who knew his p's and q's and who was fortunate in pursuing his trade single- handed without studying labor affili- ations. Getting Your Number. He places before him Form 88-5, Treasury Department, Bureau of In- ternal Revenue, this being an applica- tion for a number under the United Btates social security act, and prepares to fill out the blank spaces. From habit he writes down his last name first and then discovers that he should have written his first name first. He tears up the form and procures another one and starts out all over again. He suc- cessfully negotiates his name, address, name and address of employer and his father’s full name. He starts to write his m:r‘l full name and remembers that mother had an odd given name that she dropped when she was a young girl and he cannot recall what it was. He calls his wife and asks her what his mother’s first name is. His wife asks him why in the world he wants to know. He tells her he is applying for a number to the Social Security Board and has to know. She asks him what he wants a number for. He tells her the Social Becurity Board has to have it. She wants to know what the Social Security Board will do with it. He sighs patiently and tells her it is in connection with the social security act nndmndl-cnprn. She asks him THE _EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.,_ TUESDAY, NOVEMBER- 2 what the social security act is and he says it is a law for paying old-age pen- sions. She wants to know when he will get his pension and what will it be. He says he will get it when he is sixty- five and she says she thought it was something he would get right away and maybe use it as a payment on the new automobile. Then she wants to know what he called her up for at this time of day. He says he wants to know his mother’s first name. She says she thought he was getting the pension, not his mother. He says he is getting the pension, that is, he may get a pension but right now he wants a number. She asks whether she will get a number, too. He looks at the blank and says he does not see anything about her on it. She says she would like to know why not. If he dies, does she get the pen- sion? He says he thinks so but there is nothing here about that. She in- dicates that she is suspicious about the whole thing but if he wants to know his mother’s first name it is Gwyneth. He decides to finish the blank tomorrow. A Soviet-German ‘Incident.’ Under ordinary circumstances the ex- ecution in the Soviet Union of a German citizen convicted of industrial sabotage or even political plotting might be passed over without danger of international complications. In light of the rising bitter tension between Germany and Russia, current happenings assume gravity far beyomd their intrinsic im- portance. A German engineer named Stickling, after open trial in military court, was found guilty of sabotage in the coal mines of Novosibirsk in Western Siberia, along with seven Soviet en- gineers, and with them has been sen- tenced to death. Execution is expected to take place almost immediately, in accordance with custom, unless the vigorous remonstrance submitted at Moscow by the German government re- sults in a stay and review of the case. Stickling’s fate is an ill omen for three dozen other foreigners under arrest in Moscow, Leningrad and elsewhere on similar charges. Included among them are twenty-seven Germans accused of espionage and conspiracy to wreck Soviet industrial enterprises. The indictment which led to the conviction of Stickling and his alleged accomplices at Novosi- birsk charged them with having heen connect¢d with “Fascist-Trotzkyists” and indirectly linked their activities with the zmovieq-KAmenefl terrorist group put to death two months ago. The Siberian sabotage cost the lives of fourteen miners and caused considerable property dam- age. Stickling’s offense was the more heinous in Soviet eyes because on the witness stand he is said to have con- fessed that he operated in concert with an official of a certain foreign govern- ment, declared by the Russians to have been the former German Consul at Novosibirsk, whereupon the state prose- cutor branded the engineer as an agent of the German secret police. Coincident with official protests against the death sentence imposed upon Stick- ling, the German press is belaboring the Soviet in violent terms. The charges against him are pilloried as “monstrous,” “incredible” and as an intolerable ex- hibition of “high-handed Communist Jjuridical procedure.” Moscow is accused of deliberately “confusing the European situation” and of providing fresh evi- dence of “how essential it is for all cultured nations to join the anti- Bolshevist bloc for defense of peace.” The U. 8. 8. R. is finally assailed as a “murder den at the gates of Europe.” The Stickling incident is disquieting because it synchronizes with one of the acutest German-Soviet crises of recent times. Germany has just allied itself with Italy to combat communism in general and in particular to frustrate red radicalism in the Spanish civil war. On its part, Russia’s hostility to Germany has been fanned anew by the Japanese- German alliance, regarding which the Soviet is now demanding clarifying de- tails from Tokio before consummating the lately negotiated Russo-Japanese fisheries and oil pact. Thus fresh fuel is piled upon the flames which threaten to plunge Europe into a conflagration which by no stretch of the imagination could be confined to the eastern portion of the continent. ——————— With characteristic insight, Chairman Farley, in surveying the general situa- tion, selects for his viewpoint Ireland as at the moment one of the peacefulest little spots in the wide worid. Sound Advice. Speaking last night in The Star radio forum, Jesse H. Jones, chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, conveyed a gentle warning to the in- vesting public against over-enthusiastic interpretation of the extraordinary flow of dividends. He gives sound counsel, ‘There is no way of knowing now the pro- portion of dividend payments attribut- able to the tax on undistributed earnings. But, as Mr. Jones makes plain, dividend payments are, of course, being stimu- lated by this tax. And he explains that “faflure by a corporation to declare divi- dends equal to its taxable net income would require the corporation to pay a graduated surtax on such of its net taxable earnings for the year as are not distributed in dividends. If a corpora- tion distributes all its taxable net in- come, it will have an irregular dividend rate because its earnings will vary from year to year.” Witheut attempting to draw conclu- sions as to the good or the bad effect of forcing into extra dividends money that conservative business policy might treat as surplus, for later plant enlargement, etc., Mr. Jones does counsel the investor against misconstruction of the “sound value” of stocks; a misconstruction apt to arise from these extra-dividend pay- ments, plus the present psychology of Tecovery. The fictitious value of stocks, leading to over-investment and a harmful degrée of spéculation on the stock market, pro- duced one ( the distressing and de- moralizsing factors in the last depression. One of the necessities of sound business recovery now, as Chairman Jones points out, is the avoidance of booms and in- flated values. If they can be avoided, the harm of subsequent slack periods of busi- ness is minimized. Are present prices too high? Mr. Jones does not say so. No one could say so with any degree of authority. “Sound, healthy values are necessary.” The promise of continued recovery is bright. “We are ir for a period of good busi- ness.” That period will be lengthened and made more beneficial, no doubt, if in addition to the protective devices established by the Government against excessive speculation and inflated val- ues the investing public keeps a cool head and leans toward the conservative in its appraisal of sound value in stocks. Nobody wants another run-away stock market or a repetition of catastrophic crashes. e —— ‘When authentic news is repressed the rumors become more numerous and in- teresting than ever. Sometimes it is better to tell the truth, even if it hurts, ——r——————— One of the interesting pastimes is guessing how many fish the President will catch when Prof. Tugwell’s fish pond at Greenbelt is completed Purchasers of bootleg bombing planes will at least be deprived of the privilege of boasting of acquiring the latest models f.ob. U. 8. A. A tragic situation is feared because of housing shortage. It may after all be a matter of readjustment. There will always be tents and trailers. Labor organizations are venturing into theorizing on a large scale as if they also had their brain trust. A general tearing-up of treaties is feared in preparation of confetti to cele- brate the approach of the “next war.” Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. As Time Passes. Truth is stranger than fiction—you've heard it of yore. 1 once knew a youngster so small His presence I'd scarcely taken note of before, I forgot he existed at all! And now he has grown to be taller than me, And a certain respect is his due, Since he’s manly and honest and frank as can be. It's exceedingly strange, but it's true. The acorn is nothing at all like the oak, And the grub from the moth differs far. I looked on him once as a bit of a joke, How sadly mistaken we are! I envy his earnestness, also his mirth, And I know that he thinks I am due To make room for him and get off the esrth! The things that seem strangest are true} Mental Immunity, “Before that colleague of yours gets through hell say something he'll be sorry for.” “I have my doubts,” said Senator Sor- ghum. “It takes & considerable degree of intellectual perception to enable a man to know when it's time to be sorry.” Efficiency. “Efficiency consists in avoiding the loss of time and energy on things that have no practical importance.” “And yet,” said Farmer Corntossel, “I can’t notice that the man who lets his whiskers grow to save fussin’ with a collar and necktie does any more work than the rest of us.” Neglects, There was & man who loafed so much He never did a thing worth while. The shadow he would seek to clutch; The substance made him only smile, And as the records are unrolled Of deeds unworthy or sublime, His story thus each day is told: “You're wasting time! You're wasting time!” Another man there was whose way Was conscientious and severe. For him each hour of every day ‘With grave reminders would draw near. He scorned the jest that lightly sped, The passing joke, the careless rhyme. For him likewise the record read: “You're wasting time! You're wasting time!” Merriment., “Bliggins always laughs heartily when he tries to tell a funny story.” “He is quite right,” declared Miss Cayenne. “When he tells a funny story it’s a great practical joke on the person who has to'listen.” Incorrigibility. “Do you intend to lead a different life?” “I do,” declared Bill the Burg. “What's the use o’ goin’ on bein’ a avicked safe- blower when there are so many ways of breakin’ the law that's less risky and more profitable?” Lengthy Complications, Debates may bring confusion That will leave us sad of heart; ‘When you get to the conclusion You can't quite recall the start. “An opportunity,” said Uncle Eben, “is like a bee. One man kin foller it up an’ find honey where another will only Jes’ git stung.” Reduced Dietary. An Old Prophecy and the Modern Automobile Age To the Editor of The Star: \ Gazing upon the parade of antique automobiles that took place several days ago, this auto driver, of over 30 years in the District of Columbia, was filled with memories of his joy and pride in owning and driving a one-cylinder horseless carriage in the old days. Not even an up-to-date car with all the flash and fixings of today could raise in the heart the joy that came with possesiion of & car in those early days. Shortly after viewing the parade of antiques I drove down F street northwest from Ninth to Fifteenth streets and the jammed traffic at the crossings dur- ing the period between 4 to 6 p.m. brought to mind a prophecy given me back in about 1898. At that time I was stopping for some months at a hotel in a small mining town in the mountains of California, and being a stranger in the community, I formed an acquaintance with a lovely old lady from San Francisco who was stopping in the resort for her health. 8She was a cultivated and well-read woman and it was a great privilege and pleasure for me to dine at the same table with her, and as time drifted on we became very good friends. After a few days’ visit to San Prancisco she re- turned to the mountain town, and her telling of her trip and experience in the city was very interesting and amusing. But one thing she seemed to take very much to heart, and her telling of it was a very serious tale. She told of a marvelous development in the street cars of the big city. Up to that time we were used to the.old horse cars, but what she saw was something vastly different and wonderful. “Fred,” she said to me, “I saw the most won- derful thing. It was the new trolley cars speeding through the streets. They travel so fast it is a wonder that many people are not run over and killed. And, Fred,” she went on in a most serious and Iimpressive manner, “I’ feel that the end of the world is near, for the good book says: ‘When the word of the Lord is known to all ends of the earth and the chariots shall rage through the street, then shall the end come.’” 1 have often thought of this prophecy and I wonder what the dear old lady would say if she could see the traffic jams, with pedestrians dodging between the walk signs, on our overcrowded street crossings of today, where our chariots rage through the streets. Most truly this prophecy can be taken as a warning that something must be done to lessen the awful toll of thousands of lives taken each year by our chariots that rage through our streets. A. F. ENQUIST. Nullification of Citizens’ Rights a Step Backward To the Editor of The Star: I think it was Clarence Darrow who took the pessimistic view that people were kidding themselves when they spoke of their “rights.” He maintained that people who thought such existed were laboring under a delusion. I should like to explain why I am in- clined to be in agreement with this philosophy. The Declaration of Independence men- tions, of course, certain “inalienable rights.” In every civilized country citi- zens are granted, and indeed guaranteed, certain protection and privileges, and these, in common parlance, are known as the citizens' rights. The normal citizen is happy always to lead a tran- quil life, and it is a great solace to him to know that these “rights” exist. Of course, the ordinary citizens, the man who goes around minding his own busi- ness, never has to invoke these “rights” because he knows how to stay out of trouble. He goes the even tenor of his way, satisfled that should the occasion arise he shall be adequately protected. But comes a time of turmoil and strife and trouble. War or confusion sweeps the land. Now, for the first time in his life, the citizen needs these protections, needs to invoke these “rights.” That is the very time he discovers he hasn’t got them. They have been suspended dur- ing the emergency, which is, incidentally, about the only time he ever needs them. Fortunately, in this country, a premise of this nature is merely academic. But there are examples of it woefully ap- parent in other quarters of the world. All the progress the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have witnessed in science and invention are worthless when human rights are nullified. A true democracy is the farthest step forward in the progress of civilized man. Its success depends upon the informa- tion and intelligence of the people who compose it. The world will progress as and if the people of the world learn to reason and to think for themselves and permit their own inherently fine in- stincts to govern their behavior, both as individuals and as members of society. R. C. O'BRIEN, Nation-Wide Insurance Law Would Reduce Casualties To the Editor of The Star: There ought to be a law making it compulsory for drivers of motor vehicles to carry insurance against injuring pedestrians. If this were done, automo- bile accidents throughout the Nation would be greatly reduced. Accidents are caused by the driver, not by the auto- mobile. Here in the District of Columbia there are any number of automobile drivers who have not been insured against street accidents. Proof of this is seen in the inability of some victims to collect dam- ages from uninsured car drivers. One case comes to mind. It concerns an independent cab driver whose car mowed down a Government employe here re- cently. The worker spent some time in a hospital as a result of the accident. ‘When he came out he sought restitution, curred. The cab driver admitted he did not carry insurance either on himself or on the taxicab. So the injured person had no redress, except to start a civil suit for damages. But this, too, was out of the question, because it was already proven the cab driver had noth- ing, and being one whose income is not stable over a long period, it would be impossible to gain anything by at- taching his income. The only thing to do was for the victim to forget about it and pay the bills out of his own pocket. Now, if there was a law, & Na -wide motor vehicle driver’s the time On the Waiting List. Prom the Chicaso Dally News. g b povepeeive ssn - yoing Pk 1936. THIS AND THAT BY 'CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Increased evidence that the same birds come back to the same feeding stations mhmhpflluupmmhm yard. Not only has the semi-albino English sparrow, called Whitey, appeared at the old stand, but cardinals are follewing in the same order as last year, in turn fole lowed by nuthatches. Last year, the first in which feeding was carried on in this particular garden, the order of appearance was as follows: 1. English sparrows. 2. Cardinals, 3. Nuthatches. 4. Hairy woodpecker. ‘These have appeared again this year in exactly the same order during the first week of feeding. Not only this, but these species have made their entrance in exactly the same way, giving the observers the assurance that they must be the same birds. cardinal the feeder in the perennial flower border. This year, as last, she was followed the next day by her mate. Again this year, as last, came a second female, followed the next day by her mate. And there the cardinal procession has stopped, just as it did last season at this point. ok ox % In the meantime, the nuthatches did not arrive until several days after the sparrows. This, too, was precisely the formula of last year. Nuthatches are gems of the bird feed- ing stations. The white upon them, in bold patches, makes them easily identi- fled, but they are even more easily spot- ted by their constant habit of walking up and down tree trunks, head in the direction they are going. This makes them unique and affords the main reason why at least one feeder in a yard should be upon a tree, if pos- sible. The nuthatch is a tree bird. Nothing delights him so much as to walk up and down trees. ‘When a feeder is affixed about breast high on the trunk, the nuthatch finds it ideal for his purposes. Walking head down, he approaches the feeder from the side, gingerly hops in the tray, seizes a seed, then walks up the trunk with fit. Often there is a flash of gray-blue and white as he flies away across the yard to another tree to devour his find in peace. * % * x At the end of the first week—and this, too, was exactly as last year—appeared the, hairy woodpecker. These successions seemed significant, not only as to the appearance of the different species, but also of the very same birds. If they had been spread over a longer time they might not have been the same, but coming so close together, and in exactly the same ways, to the very same spots, for the same purpose, they im- pressed their observers as familiar to a feather. Only by bird banding, as it is called, could any one be positive of such facts. Banding calls for trapping the birds and affixing bands around their legs, then trapping the next year to see if they are the banded songsters. This scientific procedure is not needed, in the average home garden, since feed- ing the birds is not done there for scien- tific purposes, but for pleasure and in- terest to humans and good to the birds. * % x x It will be sufficient for the average home owner to feel pretty sure in his own mind that the Birds in his yard this year STARS, MEN are the same that visited it last year. This will give a feeling of continuity that this pastime ought to have, and a certain “newsy” aspect to a field of in- vestigation which some persons, none 0o well acquainted with it, will not give it credit for possessing. We mean, of course, bird notes, as gathered by observers of the same gar- den and shared day by day with others whose work takes them away from the home. These recitals take on all the happi- ness known in any field where there is “something doing,” and where what has happened is to be shared later with In time the sharing of these notes of observation comes to be looked for. In homes where bird watching is carried on, the arrival of new species has all the excitement of the arrival of a foreign potentate for some. There may be tragedy, or comedy, in these recitals of the day-by-day observa- tions made in a Winter garden where bird feeding is carried on. * % ok % A written record is a good thing to keep, not only to refresh the mind for these recitals, but also to serve as a seasonal check-up next year. If the person taking up bird feeding for the first time, and going at it in a real way, determines to get the most out of it, he will find it necessary to know what he is talking about. This will mean that he cannot rely entirely on his memory. The colors and habits of birds, their identification, and all other matters pertaining to them, are not so easily kept in mind by the person who is not a scientist. An average observer will need some aid to memory, some convenient plan whereby he may recall to himself the salient facts and fancies he has dis- covered day by day. The days roll away, the weeks roll around, and the first thing one knows, one has been feeding the birds for four months or more. The old year has slip- ped into the past and the new year very much into the present. The future is almost upon us, with the Fourth of July looming not far ahead! So speed the days, when aided by the normal pur- suits of life. For the person interested in Nature, bird feeding adds quite a new note. Try it and see! One does not mean, of course, just a few crumbs put out for the birds, but a persistent larder or several of them, kept filled at all times, or at least most of the time, that the birds get used to expecting and look- ing for and eating from. * k% The amount of honest interest in this for the person really interested in Nature will amaze those who have not tried it. It is something which grows upon one. Like all worthwhile things, it has incre- ments of beauty and interest which are not altogether visible to the outsider. One must plunge into it before it re- veals its best. Then bird feeding on a Teasonable scale shows that it has far reaches, Few recreations, for the small amount of money spent, will give as much sheer enjoyment and pieasure to s0 many persons. To say nothing, shall we say, of the good to the birds? But it is impossible to write of bird feeding and not to men- tion, and always keep in mind, the good done to the birds by it. As this move- ment grows, year by year, the good done American agriculture grows, too, for we need our song birds, as they need us. In a world which seems, at least at times, to be growing increasingly vile, the rela- tionship of humans and birds in the garden shows love on the wing, strong and vibrant. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. ‘The “Department of Agriculture” had three employes in 1853—a clerk and two girl assistants who helped him malil free seeds. They had one corner of a room in the old Patent Office all to them- selves, In that year a momentous step was taken. The problems of the American farmer were growing more complex and he was turning to Wi for help. Some sort of bug was eating up the orange trees in Florida. The native sugar cane in Louisiana had so de- teriorated that the crop was no longer profitable. To solve these problems the Patent Office hired a cantankerous Englishman named Townend Glover, who immediately became the Bureau of Entomology, the Biological Survey, the Bureau of Plant Ipdustry, the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils and the Bureau of Animal In- dustry—or at least the grandfather of these now flourishing Federal activities, His job has expanded somewhat in 83 years. g Glover was appointed to the “Bureau of Agriculture” of the United States Patent Office. He was one of the most extraordinary characters in the scientific -history of Washington, one would judge from a curious old biography in the library of the National Museum. Pri- marily he was an entomologist, and one of his first jobs was to investigate the orange problem in Florida. He found and identified the bugs that were eating the trees, but he had only vague ideas of what to do about it. His chief, however, was somewhat more specific. He wrote to Glover in the fleld: “An effectual remedy would seem to consist in covering the entire tree with some glutinous fluid which would gator is found in great numbers. It is well known that this reptile abounds in blood which could be readily taken in the Winter when it is in an inactive state. This blood could be preserved in casks.” ‘The one-man Federal Bureau of En- tomology lost no time before putting the Glover's biography contains an account of what was perhaps the first direct ap- propriation for agricultural relief made in the United States. It was in 1856. The Louisiana sugar cane planters were at the end of their resources. Their closely inbred stock had run out. To save the industry Congress, not with- out considerable grumbling, made an appropriation of $10,000 to restock the plantations with healthy cane from British Guiana and Venezuela. A ship was chartered with a competent crew and placed at the disposal of the Patent Office. Glover was placed in charge of the expedition and carried it out suc- cessfully, but it nearly cost him his life from disease contracted in the tropics. His job covered the whole field of biology. His memorandums contain ob- servations and recommendations on cot- ton and cotton diseases, vegetation, birds, animals, soils and Indian mounds. His great difficulty was that he couldn't get along with his chief—a certain D. J. Browne of New Hampshire, whose humble position in the Patent Office was anal- ogous to the present position of the Secretary of Agriculture. After the un- fortunate alligator blood experiment he quit in disgust but remained in Wash- ington to carry on a one-man campaign for Browne's dismissal. Glover, by the way, was a relatively wealthy man who didn't need to squirt orange trees with alligator blood in order to eat. To oc- cupy his spare time he accepted the job of professorwf natural sciences at the University of Maryland. This continued until 1862, when the Bureau of Agri- culture of the Patent Office was dis- continued and Abraham Lincoln estab- lished the Federal Department of Agri- culture with Isaac Newton as the first Secretary. In a few months Glover was appointed the department’s entomologist and continued to fill the position almost to the end of his life. He combined with the duties of this job those of establishing an agricultural museum and eventually the work grew so heavy that he was allowed two assistants. Glover was an extremely able en- ‘was almost impossible to obtain Govern- ment funds for the publication of & scientific work, and Federal scientists slowness of publi- ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to any question of jact by writing The Evening Star Injormation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose staiap for reply. Q. When does Gov. Alf Landon’s term expire?—M. McA. A. January 1, 1937. elect is Walter Huxman. The Governor- Q. What body types of automobiles are most popular?—L. F. p A. A great many more 2-door sedans and 4-door sedans are sold than any other types. Q. Are Eritrea and Somaliland now a part of what used to be Ethiopia?—N. H. A. Since the Italjan conquest of Ethi~ opia, all of Italy’s East African posses- sions have been consolidated into the Italian Empire of East Africa. Accord- ing to Hammond’s New Universal World Atlas, the provinces of the new empire are Eritrea (with the boundary moved inland), Amhara, Galla and Sidamo, Harar and Somalia (the last with its area likewise increased). The capitals of the two former Italian colonies re- main the same, Asmara and Mogadiscio, while the three provinces into which Ethiopia has been carved have Addis Ababa, Jimma and Harar as their cap- itals, respectively. Q. What kind of tomato is the best for canning and shipping?—D. F. A. The Marglobe holds this position at present, but the Glovel, a new hybrid, may outrank it. Q. In insurance terminology, what is the distinction between insurers and in- surors?—W. A. E. A. An insurer is one who insures and an insuror is the person who is insured. Q. When did Christianity become the religion of the Roman Empire?—G. G. A. Ernest Sutherland Bates says that the fourth century AD. saw the accept- ance of Christianity as the religion of the Roman Empire, the establishment of the New Testament Canon after nearly three centuries of discussion, and the first translation of the whole Bible into Latin by the foremost scholar of the age, St. Jerome. Q. Please give the names of the dynas- ties which have ruled England -since A. House of Normandy, 1066-1154; house of Plantagenet, 1154-1399; house of Lancaster, 1399-1461; house of York, 1461-1485; house of Tudor, 1485-1603; house of Stuart, 1603-1714 (commone wealth intervened from 1649-1660); house of Hanover, 1714-1901; house of Saxe-Coburg, 1901-1910; house of ‘Windsor, 1910—. Q. When did the lock stitch appear on sewing machines?—V. F. A. The machine needle, with an eye near the point and the lock stitch—such as are in use today—appeared about the middle of the nineteenth century. Such a needle combined with the lock stitch in a machine was patented in 1846 by Elias Howe of Massachusetts. The needle moved back and forth horizontally in- stead of vertically, as' in our modern machines. - Q. How much of the principal of the World War loans has been repaid to the United States?—L. M. M. A. Repayments of principal on the World War loans amount to $475,341,000 and interest payments amount to $1,318,- 1750,000. Great Britain has made about 80 per cent of all such payments. Q. Where, outside of Spain, is pure Castilian Spanish spoken?—L. R. A. Pure Castilian is spoken outside of Castile, Spain, only by a small number of families of the upper class in the various American republics. Q. How long has the word scab been used as it is in industry?—M. H. A. As early as 1811 it appears in se- lected cases of the State of New York, volume 1, page 262: “The offending mem- ber was then termed a scab and wherever he was employed no others of that so- clety were allowed to work.” Q. Has Mary Lewis, former Metro politan Opera singer, ever been mare ried?—J. G. A. She has been married twice. Her first marriage was to Michael Bohnen, from whom she secured a divorce. She is now Mrs. Robert L. Hague. Q. How many long-distance calls are made by the Government in Washing- ton, D. C.?2—H. M. A. The Federal Government places an average of 20,000 long-distance telephone calls a month. Q. What is the origin of the printing term “colophon”?—S. M. A. This is an inscription at the end of & book giving the printer’s name, the date and place of printing. It has been superseded by the title page. Colophon was an ancient Greek city. The name came to mean “the finishing stroke” be- cause of the many successes of the city's cavalry and was so incorporated into the Latin tongue. Q. What was the first educational en« dowment in America?—M. R. A. The bequeathing of 250 acres of land, an adjacent salt marsh, and eight cows comprised the first educational en- dowment in America. This was left by Benjamin Symmes to found a free school in Elizabeth County, Va. Mr. Symmes died in 1634. Q. Why is Cupid called Dan Cupid? —J. G. A. Dan is an archaic title of honor. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton The Broom. When streets are cluttered with dead leaves We sweep them out. Though for past verdure the heart grieves Beyond a doubt. Leafage that had its verdant day Far better had be swept away ‘Than left to shrivel and decay; 8o sweep it out. ‘When dead joys clutter up the heart Just sweep them out. thoughts that cause hot tears to start Tenderly rout. Nature in good time will employ Dfl‘ht_lmu'obflnlluthhlmlndt " ' v