Evening Star Newspaper, September 19, 1936, Page 8

THE - EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1936, . o B YO Sy o -+ G g 0 E Mt MR o S RRTE R e Ll R A "THIS AND THAT THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. SATURDAY Seplember 19, 1936 THEODORE W. NOYES..l .......Editor e A G S atde bl The Evening Star Nemupe: Company. Business Office St and lennsylvlml Ave. . ichigan lllfldln Eurspe om?cm"u’é'::’:nfsi hdon Ensiand. Rate by Clrflfl‘ Within the City. Regular Editiol ening Star 45c per month 60c per month 65c_per month Sonat® 8060 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. junday o1 Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associateq Press 15 exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited fo 1t ‘or not otherwise credited in this Daper and aiso the local news published herein AL rights of Dublication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. America Stands Pat. Secretary Hull has lost no time in re- pudiating an erroneous misinterpreta- tion placed upon his recent New York address on foreign relations. He had mentioned the notorious fact that “strong nations have chosen to proceed in disregard of the Kellogg-Briand pact; and this basis for international trust has thus been greatly impaired.” Certain non-American authorities in ‘Washington forthwith inspired published suggestions that the Hull pronouncement is a “virtual admission” by the Secretary of State of the “futility and failure” of the anti-war pact. Thereupon the de- duction was drawn that the Stimson doctrine of 1932, which “implemented” the Kellogg-Briand treaty by providing for non-recognition of territorial ac- quisitions through violation of its terms, has apparently been abandoned by the United States. Specifically it was sug- gested that if other governments were now to acknowledge the validity of Japan’s occupation of Manchukuo and Italy's conquest of Ethiopia, this country would follow suit. Secretary Hull has done well promptly and unequivocally to demolish the theory that he meant in any way to indicate the disappearance of American faith in either the letter or the spirit of the multi- lateral pact renouncing war as an instru- ment of national policy. He was no less positive in denying that Washington contemplates any change of attitude toward the methods by which the maps of Asia and Africa were forcibly redrawn. On the contrary, Judge Hull sought in his New York address, it was pointed out, to keep alive and perpetuate every- thing the Kellogg pact stands for, by linking it with the Jeffersonian formula of “peace, commerce and honest friend- ship with all nations and entangling al- liances with none.” Between his election and inauguration, In the Winter of 1932-1933, Mr. Roose- velt found occasion-to identify himself categorically with the Stimson corollary to the anti-war pact by declaring that the. sanctity of treaties is the corner stone of international relations. The League of Nations had previously ac- cepted the same theory respecting Man- churia, and at the 1933 Pan-American Conference in Montevideo, where Secre- tary Hull himself played so influential a role, the doctrine of non-recognition of ill-gotten territorial gains was for- mally incorporated in the Saavre:: Lamas peace pact, to which all of th twenty-one American states adhered. In the light of this consistent record, 1t is inconceivable that the United States ghould turn its back on the program of withholding recognition of political changes made in defiance of solemnly covenanted international pledges. It is gratifying that the responsible conductor of American foreign policy has in forth- right fashion notified all concerned that on this score Uncle Sam stands pat. — r———————— Bequests to Harvard are most liberal. In the popular desire for education the ledger is quite as significant a work as the Greek grammar, ——————————————— ‘The men who plow the sea have noth- ing to do with A. A. A, There is no hope of plowing all or any of a coast hurri- cane under. Unimportant Warning. In warning Republican national head- quarters, Attorney General Cummings has called attention to a curious and apparently ambiguous statute which is more interesting than the alleged viola- tion. He did not go so far as to warn the Republican campaign directors that they would be prosecuted, or that the butchers and bakers and candlestick makers who displayed Republican cam- paign material—attributing a portion of price to taxes—would be prosecuted. As & matter of fact, the thought of the De- partment of Justice prosecuting a butcher for displaying a sign indicating the portion of the price of his lamb chops represented in taxes is a little too fantastic. But, said the Attorney General, there is the law. And here is what it says: Whoever in connection with the sale or lease, or offer for sale or lease, of any article, or for the purpose of making such sale or lease, makes any statement, writ- ten or oral (1) intended or calculated to lead any person to believe that any part of the price at which such article is sold or leased, or offered for sale or lease, consists of a tax imposed under the authority of the United States, or (2) ascribing a particular part of such price to & tax imposed under the authority of the United States, knowing that such statement is false, or that the tax is not mmnuflneporflonolmhpflu ascribed to such tax, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both. When theaters, gasoline venders and the base ball park, to gpention three well- known examples, the price of their tickets or gasoline and state the amount of tax, are they not violating the statute? And does thé statute seek to prevent all mention of what portion of the price is represented in taxes, or does it seek to prevent misrepresenta- tion of the portion of price represented in taxes? Apparently it does both. In his interview with newspaper corre- spondents Mr. Cummings frankly con- fessed that he was about as hazy as any of them on the whys and the why- fores of the law. And he exhibited ex- treme reluctance to any prosecution under the law which might appear par- tisan—and, of course, any such prosecu- tion would so appear. 8o Mr. Cummings’ calling attention to the law may be set down as ranking high among the unimportant events of 1936: 3 Straw Votes. Straw votes have become & national pastime in election years. What effect, if any, they have on election returns is, at best, merely a matter of surmise. They do have the effect of stimulating the efforts of party managers and workers, however. And.in the past some of the straw votes, nationally conducted, have come close to estimating the actual political strength of the parties. The most ambitious poll, so far as the num- ber of ballots is concerned, has been that conducted by the Literary Digest. The results of the Literary Digest polls, both in presidential campaigns and when con- ducted to test sentiment for and against national prohibition and more recently for and against the Roosevelt New Deal, have been remarkable for accuracy, Its polls in the presidential races of 1924, 1928 and 1932 all proved to have fore- cast the results with a great degree of certainty, Four years ago the Literary Digest poll was a stench in the nostrils of the Republicans. Its figures were denounced and attacked from one end of the coun- try to the other by the followers of Her- bert Hoover. The poll, on the other hand, was received with every indica- tion of satisfaction by the followers of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Today the Lit- erary Digest poll is just getting fairly launched. About 242,000 straw ballots, cast in thirteen States, have been tabu- lated. Since the Literary Digest sends out a total of 10,000,000 ballots, and since many of the States remain to be heard from, it is far too early to make definite predictions as to the final results of the poll or to draw hard and fast deductions regarding the coming election with the poll as a basis. Nevertheless, the poll to date is sufficient to show in which direc- tion the wind is blowing; to show that there has been a great resurgence of Republican spirit and strength. Whether this wind will be sufficient to bring the Landon craft into port on election day ahead of Roosevelt's remains to be seen. At the start of the campaign year everything seemed to favor the re- election of the New Deal President. ‘The Republicans had béen flat on their backs for three years. They had’ been dis- astrously defeated in the national elec- tion of 1932 and again in the congres- sional elections of 1934. The G. O. P. had all the running to make, and a great deal of running to come within hailing distance of the Demecratic na- tional ticket. Of the States from which ballots have been announced in the Literary Digest poll, five lie in the Democratic “solid South,” seven in the territory “east of the M'ssissippi River and north of the Ot~ cis‘med by Republican National ’ + John Hamilton for Landon, “nnesota, in which the head- = Mississippi are located. The Roosevelt having an over- «& lead in the Southern States, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas, and a much less preponderant lead in Oklahoma. There the rosy side for Roosevelt halts. Landon has all the best of the poll in Indiana, Iowa, Minnesota, Maine, New York, New Jersey, Ohio and Penn- sylvania. Despite the claims made by the Democratic boss of the Keystone State, Senator Guffey, the Pennsylvania poll shows Landon with 25,000 to 11,000 for Roosevelt. In New Jersey the Lan- don straw vote is 20,000 to 11,000 for Roosevelt and in New York, 45000 to 16,000, although it is understood that the vote in New York City has yet to be heard from. It is not amazing that the Democratic campaign leaders do not like the figures in the Literary Digest poll or that the Republicans take joy from them. The poll shows, among other things, that two voters who supported Roosevelt in 1932 have now gone over to the G. O. P, to every one voter who supported Hoover and has now turned to Roosevelt. It shows, too, that far more of those who did not vote in 1932 are supporting Lan- don than are supporting Roosevelt. —_————————— It was once declared by John Garner that he would stick close to his desk and attend to its routine. He was not aware how inexorably personal popu- larity might be required as a campaign contribution. Mental Hay Fever. Dr. Wallace Marshall, a psychiatgist practicing at Appleton, Wis,, has an- nounced his discovery of the fact that the human mind is chronically subject to mental hay fever. He argues with convincing logic that the brain and the nervous system may be irritated by the impact of objectionable ideas just as the membranes of the nose and the throat may be irritated by pollen or dust. Some persons are supersensitive, downright allergic, to invading conceptions. For example, the philosopher Erasmus dis- liked fish and felt strongly enough about- them to write of his aversion. Similarly, ‘George Washington com- plained against well-meaning admirers who desired him to establish a monarchy, John Adams detested Calvinists, Thomas Jefferson entertained a hostile fixation concerning people who dwelt in towns and earned their daily bread: by indus- trial pursuff Andrew Jackson hated bankers and Lincoln was pos- Al sessed of a passionate conumpc m slave holders. The list might be lextended endiéssly. Thus, William: McKinley inveighed against free-trade internationalists with a zeal which was emotional rather than strictly rational in character; Theodore Roosevelt waged war on “big business,” “the Yellow Pe “race suicide,” “standpatters,” “mollycoddles,” ‘“pussy- footers,” “hyphenated Americans,” “pacifists,” and all individuals who in his judgment were careless enough of the truth to warrant membership in his Ananias Club, and Woodrow Wilson mercilessly excoriated “special privilege,” “dollar diplomacy,” “war mongers,” “low- ‘brows” and such citizens as found them- | selves opposed to “watchful . waiting,” “peace without victory,” and the League of Nations. Presidents, it seems, invariably are equipped with ample capacity to drama- tize' their' antipathies. . Franklin D. Roosevelt's “pet peeves” include: “The high and mighty with special axes to grind,” “professional mourners of an old and obsolete order,” “monopolists,” *“un- scrupulous money changers,” ‘“specu- lators with other people’s money,” “pro- fessional economists,” “rugged indi- vidualists,” “plausible self-seekers and theoretical die-hards,” “foolish opti- mists,” “manipulators,” “unethical com- petitors,” “reckless promoters,” -“highly trained technical expert accountants,” “prophets of evil,” “master minds,” “those who seek to stir up political ani- mosity,” “the overprivileged,” “large corporate organizations,” “candidates of " “economic royalists,” “political nd “individuals who are never satisfled.” Doubtless, Dr. Marshall's theory is cor- rect. Other psychologists have noted the power of passion. But it is helpful to know that, in some instances at least, an expression of ill-will is nothing more than an intellectual sneeze. ————————————— Almost every statesman has in the course of his career paid his respects to the U. 8. Constitution. Even the man of critical tendency has to admit that there are sure to be emergencies when this Nation will need the Constitution in its business. —————.—————— There are not so many American tour- ists in Europe. Monuments of the past hold less interest than the high ex- plosives designed to destroy them, along with innocent bystanders. ——————————— It is impossible to conduct a govern- ment without politics. The problem is to. secure the kind of politics that s clean and sportsmanlike. ——— s -e— - Michigan has developed demands for a recount. One way to postpone a sur- render is to prolong the argument. ———————— Women are cruel fighters in Spain, capable in emergency of being as un- manly as the men themselves. —_— e Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. College Yell! We've listened to songs of the old college days When the students looked round for somebody to haze; The voices then youthful each heart seemed to touch— They have faded. They never amounted to much. But what is a voice in the stress of the world ‘Where a challenge is lifted 'neath ban- ners unfurled; Where billboards are telling the worth of your wares And the bookkeepers measure competi- tive cares? Oh, Dear Alma Mater! declaim Of athletes who have risen to honor and fame. And the gifts you receive through the years passing by Awake “Millions In It!”—the new Campus Cry! All-the Questions. “It won't be long before election,” said the cheery- eitizen. “Yes,” said Senator Sorghum. ‘We hear you “We _know how, when and where we're going to Yote. And afterward we'll probably inquire, as usual, what the ideas were that we voted for.” Down the Line. ‘The Communists their threats extend, Despite human petition. They sometimes hunger, spend Their cash for ammunition. ‘They shoot the rich and middle class And the wage-earning brother, And after that it comes to pass They simply shoat each other! since they Banking and .Currency. “Have you studied banking and cur- rency?” “Oh, yes,” answered Miss Cayenne, “When I am shopping I always give & check on the bank instead of hothering with a lot of loose. chnue. \ “when_lwimmyneumlnln‘m sides of a question,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “I feel that I run the risk of cross-eyed reasoning.” Smileometer. I must conceal my anger hot And so0 I have to smile a lot. ‘For a becoming smile I try And then I let it petrify. ‘You know my disposition when I‘ lllfll upon my fellow men. ‘The harder that I smile, youll find, ‘The flercer is my state of mind. “I heard de news 'bout blowin’ up & castle full o’ people,” said Uncle Eben. “I admires. industry, but I's worryin' "bout way folks refuses to loaf an’ gits ‘bout-de wrong things.” Good Neighbor League Not of Potential Political Import To the Editor of The Star: Perhaps for the first time in a presi-- dential campaign the electorate is being systematically dissolved into groups and classes, to which as such politicians’ ap- peals are flagrant and authoritative and have constrained some expert political commentators to indulge in romancing on the “Negro vote” in newspapers. In- cidentally, Mr. David Lawrence, “fact reporter,” as yet is “not guilty.” Of course, there is no occasion to take umbrage at your editorial of Sep- tember 4. It very clearly commented on-what actually goes on, especially in— and within—the sphere of the Demo- cratic National Committee, stresses par- ticularly the actfvities of Stanley High's “Good Neighbor League” on the Roose- velt front among the “Negro vote,” and notes active association of two Negro “leaders"—Methodist bishop and Har- lem ‘' Baptist preacher—with the move- ment. However, in 1932 the Republican high command placed the Baptist preacher’s nameé on the ballot for a Hoover presidentia] elector in New York State—“that’ll fetch the ‘Negro vote,'"” they jubilantly claimed. It didn’t; and, even as the Sunday school children know, couldn't. The Methodist was only re- cently elevated to the bishopric of his communion, assigned to the South African fleld. He is being harshly criti- cized within his own church circles for not proceeding forthwith to his assigned peighborhood in Ged’'s vineyard. Asso- ciation of the colored clergymen with the Good Neighbor League is, therefore, of no potential political moment. Mak- ing folks neighbors is a sociological, not a political, process. ‘The position taken by the protagonists of the “Negro vote” is unsound of prem- ise and presupposes, first, that all colored individuals are of one mass or race group in every respect and particular, and, second, that most of them have been thrown out of productive employment by the depression and are now either on relief or in good-paying places in the Federal set-up by grace of the President. Most Negroes have not been thrown out of work, are not on relief, do not hold jobs in Government service and are not in bad shape—that is, in the States where colored voting persons live. On the con- trary, most of them have remained steadily at work, are continual payers of indirect taxes, wherewithal source of New Deal Santa Claus finance. Thou- sands have money in savings banks which hold Government paper as se- curity for bonds—not to mention postal savings banks; hold policies in insur- ance companies whose funds are in- vested in “big business” securities, and it would be surprising to know the num- ber that was impressed by David Law- rence’s report on apparently why the Pueblo bank of United States Senator Adams of Colorado has decided to liquidate, There isn’t any “Negro” vote except in the schemes of professional, not prac- tical, politicians—who are not all white persons, RIENZI B. LEMUS, Purpose of Democracy is To Serve All People To the Bditor of The Star: Democracy, what is it? One would never know its meaning by some of the acts of the so-called Jeffersonians who have not yet learned its true value to the Nation. Democracy, as I conceive it, is broad, elicit and expansive enough to serve all of the people—the masses in emergencies and at all times. Caesar- ism and Democracy cannot live in the same nation and thrive—one or the other must go. Which shall it be in this coun- try of ours? Democracy cannot live where coercing exists, or restrained by sealing in a vaccum; it can live only by expanding to serve the masses. Democracy the world over has never lived in a strait-jacket; that is not the meaning of democratic principles; it must expand in serving the multitudes to be truly called a democratic form of government. Which shall we have in this great Na- tion of ours, Caesarism or true demo- cratic principles as laid down by our forefathers in the Constitution of the United States and which that grand old man, Willlam E. Gladstone of the English-speaking race, has this to say of the Constitution of the United States: “The greatest instrument of government ever struck off at a given time by the hand or brain of man.” Shall we pre- serve 1t? If we could just educate the people to live up to true democratic principles there would be more happiness and we would be the most formidable nation in the world today to help build a world of democracy. Various forms of government are try- ing to thrust themselves upon the world —why stand idly by and let democracy perish? Some rulers of foreign nations are building a catafalque to place the coffin of democracy on for burial, Shall they succeed? The answer rests with those who believe in a democratic form of government, We have seen the effects of Stalin and his communism, Hitler and nazi- ism, Mussolini and fascism—where to take a personal stand against the regime of those governments means to face a firing squad. Is that freedom? ‘Why not teach democracy to the world and free the masses of bondage and the desire for war, and remove despotism from despotic powers? The liberalism of democracy practiced in its true sense is the only form of gov- ernment worth while. Let us see to it that it lives on for freedom’s sake in this country, if no other. ‘We have something worth fighting for. Let us make a good job of it and preserve the Nation and what it stands for— freedom, free press and free speech to all. W. H. JEFFERY. Those Who Enjoy Benefits Of Flag Should Honor It To the Editor of The 8 Regarding the Oxon Hill School mat- ter we wish to remark the Ludke chil- dren are apparently given all the ad- vantages of the other children in the school and elsewhere. Besides saluting the flag, there are other rules and regulations. Might these also be deemed sacrilegious because not' directed especially by the Supreme being. Other children are required to obey school rules, why discriminate in favor of those of alien parentage, and thus invite antagonism and favor a rebellious attitude merely to gratify gestures of stubborn fanaticism. “Jehovah's Witnesses” are lucky to be in the grand old U. 8. A. instead of cer- tain sections of Europe where religious tolerance is not allowed. We admit that “religious freedom” is eminently just, but so is patriotism; they should not conflict. We deem it very unwise as well as BY CHARLES E. How a cardinal bird got the name of Landon is explained in the following letter: “Dear 8ir: In your article of August 25 you mention the most interesting re- sults of a window feeder, and as my wife and I have had much pleasure the past Winter and this Summer feeding the birds on our window sill I am writ- ing to ask if you know of a feeder like the one you mention, and how I can obtain one? If 1t is on the market, and where it can be purchased? “If not on the market, could you de- scribe it so that I could have one made? “We bave fed many pounds of sun- flower seed and there has been no little waste on account of the sparrows scat- tering them, and also on windy days. “We have several cardinals, papa, mamma and the little ones. There is & small tree that tops out at our second story window and they bring their babies over on the tree and take the seeds to them in the tree. “There is one fellow who is so ex- tremely fond of sunflower seeds that we have named him Landon. * %k k% “We are in an apartment house in the District of Columbia portion of Takoma Park’ and there are many yards with gardens and trees, consequently there are many birds. “We enjoy your articles very much and read them religiously. We have a squirrel who walks the tight wire and has traveled four blocks, using a tree or a roof now and then to fill in be- tween the wires. “We get a great laugh when he slips off and walks upside down, whipping his tail until he regains his normal position. “A short time ago he had business on the other side of Butternut street, and he came out to the curb and ran up a power pole about three feet, appeared to look up and down the street and at a moment there was no traffic he scur- ried across to the other side. I am be- lieved to be a truthful person. “Thanking you in advance for the in- formation I desire, believe me, most cor- dially yours, A.B.S” * % % % ‘This letter chimes right into our mood, for we had it in the back of the mind to write about bird feeders, because so many people have never seen them or | even heard of them. Yet nothing, for the small amount of money put into one, can give so many people so much pleasure. The number of folks who love the birds are legion, vet of this large number the greater pro- portion has never fed the birds in any except a haphazard way. A recent popular song went on to say that when Winter comes, and the birdies have no crumbs, they just keep on sing- ing to make up for their empty stomachs. The moral is. of course, that human beings ought to be optimistic. | Well, there is more psychology than | ornithology to that song, isn't there? For few birds sing in Autumn, or Winter, after all, and if they do not get something to eat in the cold they will freeze to death if they stay in this | climate. That is why most of them go | South, like sensible creatures. Fortunately for the birds which Win- ter with us, there will be many “crumbs,” including seeds and grains in great variety. The latter will be put out by bird lovers, peop}e who have come to under- stand that 'if we want plenty of bird life the year around we may have it by installing feeding stations and keeping them filled during the cold and snow. Bird-feeding devices, in the main, con- sist of window feeders and feeders to be placed at some distance from the house. The latter usually are either to STARS, MEN TRACEWELL, be placed on the ground, attached fo tree or gole or hung from the limb of a tree. The window feeder is simply a board with & raised edge, or solid rail, all around it, about one or two inches high. This is to keep the birds from kicking out too much seed. It will not, alas, prevent squirrels from throwing out the seeds they do not like. If the feeder is at & window to which the squirrels cannot climb, this waste will not occur. It must be kept in mind that birds, themselves, are wasteful feeders. In this they much resemble humans. When there is plenty they toss it ercund at a lively rate. Some species prefer to grab a seed and fly away with it, in which journey the seed is sometimes dropped. A window feeder may be made with a cover of glass, xmch keeps rain and snow from the feed. The idea is to pro- tect the seed, not the birds. Their pro- tection is a full stomach. One Wash- ingtonian has made an interesting ex- periment of removing a pane from & window, and building a feeding box in- side the living room. The simplest window feeder fs just a board the width of the window, and perhaps 12 to 16 inches in width, with the rail aforementioned, and the seed piled at the rear. Often a small piece of pine tree or other evergreen is placed at one end, to make the birds feel more at_home. More elaborate window feeders are basically the same, but have hoppers built at one end, to keep the seed and grain covered, but permit it to flow out as the birds eat. There might be a similar covered little house for suet at the other end. Small, shallow copper water pans may be purchased to at- tach to the front. * *x * ¥ Feeders for the yard are divided mainly into those to be placed on tree or pole, those to be hung from a tree, and feeding tables. Tables with raised ledge all around are regarded by some enthusiasts as the best of all types of feeding devices. To them may be attached seed hoppers and the like. If they are left totally un- covered, however, they are almost use- less in cold and wind and rain. Since such inclement days are precisely those | the birds need help the most, we must continue to believe that the grain hop- | per, which feeds seed down, but keeps the main supply dry, is the best practical device. Those come in various patterns, as sold by manufacturers, but are much the same, outside the ornamentation, being essentially a box cut with a slant- ing board, which throws the seed forward and out of a slit at the bottom onto a platform (also with raised edge) on which the birds stand. It must be realized that all types of feeders are theoretically perfect, but practically not so perfect, since the birds (and squirrels) will scatter much seed at the base, and that they will eat this, too, and, in doing so, totally kill out for the time being all grass in a 6-foot circle of the tree or pole on which the feeder rests. After a feeder has been in operation all Winter, there will be a solid mat of seed husks and shells three or four inches thick. This is mixed with dirt and pre- sents an unlovely picture, but the birds | are not finicky, and so their friends should not mind it, either, and will not, when they see the birds eating and growing fat and keeping warm via the food route. Let us help change the song to say that when Winter comes the birdies will have many crumbs—plus seeds, grains, nuts, suet, water and sand. A little sand mixed in their food is good for them, just as it is for canaries in cages. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS Bringing back to eayth an extinct ani- | mal—the ancestor of the cow—is the remarkable task to which two German zoologists have set themselves. ‘They are Dr. Lutz Heck, director of | the Berlin Zoo, and his brother, director | of the Munich Zoo. The animal is the | ur, or aurochs, of ancient Europe, from which, it is believed, all present races | of domestic cattle were derived. The ur became extinct about 300 years ago. It formerly was very abundant throughout | Central Europe and in the days of the | cave dwellers was hunted with spears. They painted pictures of it on their cave walls and later zoologists preserved rather minute details of its character- istics. Now domestic cattle have gone far from their wild ancestors, but, fortu- nately for the plan of the Heck brothers, to different degrees and in different directions. One breed has gone a long way from the aurochs in one or more characteristics while remaining almost true to the original form in others. The scheme is scientifically to interbreed cattle with the object of breeding out the qualities and variations introduced by man so that eventually creatures will be obtained which cannot be distin- guished from the wild animals. In Southwest Europe, where cattie have been bred for fighting, the roolo- gists find the aurochs characteristics best preserved, especially in three breeds, the Spanish fighting bulls, a small group | of Southern France, and the wild cattle of the Island of Corsica. It is to these three that they now are devoting their chief attention although it will eventu- ally be necessary to obtain crosses with | animals of Northern Europe who have retained still other aurochs features. The whole program is expected to re- quire many generations. The fighting cattle of South France bear a strong resemblance to the extinct aurochs. Their home is in the Rhone delta and particularly the Island of Camargue, situated between the two principal branches of the Rhone. These cattle are relatively small, but speedy and active. They are used principally for bloodless bull fights, which are held™ in all cities and villages of Provence. In color they generally are black and in Winter they have long coats of hair. They have well-formed horns bending first to the side and then straight for- ward, similar to all ancient pictures of R. HENRY. ‘The Corsican is not primarily a fight- | Ing breed of cattle, but is semi-domesti- It is used for draft, meat and | cated. milk, and is of medium size. Generally of a deep black color, its horns are not as long as those of the aurochs, and it Is slower of movement than either the is that the calves are born red and change to black in four or five months. They are long-haired in Winter—another | aurochs trait. “All in all” says the report to the American Society of Mammalogists, “there can be no doubt as to the advan- tages of cross-breeding between Iberian, South Prench and Corsican cattle for the purpose of eventually breeding back to the aurochs. In color, shape, position of the horns, even in trend of intelli- gence, the Spanish fighting bulls are entirely of the aurochs type. The South France fighting bull is like the aurochs in shape, horns and many other charac- teristics, but the color, almost universally black, does not agree. The Corsican race has retained the aurochs coléor and many of its traits of character, but the horas are too short. All these types live in herds and have gregarious instincts. The goal to be attained must combine the bodily shape of the Spanish fighting bull, the horns of the French, the wildness and activity of both, the color of the Corsi- can, the coat of hair and the manner of hair-shedding of all three.” The German zoologists are approach- ing the problem in a still different way on the Island of Lemand, in the Aland Islands, near Sweden. In most parts of ! Europe cattle have been bred for a defi- nite purpose—such as milk production, | cream production, size, quality of meat, fighting proclivities. But, they found, here all sorts of races of cattle have been introduced and allowed to interbreed haphazardly, without any definite ob- jective. There are Danish, Frisian, Scotch, hornless Finnish, Swedish and Russian cattle. There are constant tendencies to- ward reversion of types and calves fre- quently are born with one or more au- rochs characteristics. The Lemand cattle are being watched carefully for these reversions, to be used as breeding material. Sympathy. From the New Orleans Times-Picayune. Our idea of perfect sympathy. is the congratulation offered by Eddie Cantor to Jack Dempsey on the birth of the latter's second daughter. ————————————— Dry Weather and Chains. Prom the Rooks County Record. * A Kansas citizen has to have a good memoryorhz'd!mflvhflehe puts his chnmxmmnmtow Too Far to Hike. Prom the Newbureh (N. Y.) News. Australia l’; a;l: tahb:' the only cwntry in the worl t no poor. poor, of uuld not possibly Alwd to go that | Civil War. | the butternut color of the Confederate French or Spanish fighting cattle. A | of the columnist. curious fact about these Corsican cattle | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to eny question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D, C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Is soft ball popular in the United States?—E. H. A. Interest in the game has grown 50 rapidly that there are now about 80,000 teams and 1,000,000 players throughout the country. Q. I have a dollar bill, the back of which is upside down. How does this happen?—R. H. A. The backs of money are printed first. It occasionally happens that bé- fore the faces are printed a sheet of backs becomes reversed and so the faces are printed in the wrong direction. If detected by examiners such notes are destroyed as imperfect. If not detected the notes reach circulation with the faces reversed. It is a matter of no importance as to the value of the note and merely illustrates the fact that not- withstanding the expertness of the printers and the dillgence of the ex- aminers, such notes occasionally are passed. Q. How is the letter “z” pronounced in England?—M. A. D. A. It is pronounced as though it were spelled “zed.” Q. Has Ireland an air force and coms mercial air lines?—M. A. W. A. The Irish Legation says that Ire- land has an air force which is separate from that of Great Britain. The largest landing fleld in Ireland at the present time is in Baldonnel County, Dublin, Ireland. There are a few commercial air lines in Ireland, which have lately been established and which operate be- tween Dublin and England. A new com- pany is now being formed to take care of trans-Atlantic flying in co-operation with the Pan American Airway and the Imperial Airways in England. Q. Should the rear wheels of an auto- ‘mobile have the newer tires?—M. C. A. It is no longer considered good car- keeping to switch the better tires to the front wheels, or vice versa. Technical arguments as to which kind of blow-out is the more dangerous are beside the point when safety calls for good tires with rough treads on all four wheels. The idea that the front tires need not have good treads is one that may lead to a steering skid, the car going off the road on a curve because the front tires fail to grip. Since it is becoming the custom to put more braking power on the front wheels, to compensate for the forward tipping of the car during a | quick stop, the front tires are playing a greater part in stopping and must have treads that grip. Q. When were wire window screens first made?—C. D. H. A. Wire netting was invented in 1844 by Charles Barnard of Norwich, Eng- land. He began manufacturing it by machinery in 1855, Q. Who were the Butternuts?>—M. L. A. They were Northerners who syme pathized with the South during the The term was suggested by uniform. Q. What kinds of birds are fit for human consumption?—P. B. A. The Bureau of Biological Survey says that in many parts of the country in addition to the game birds, numer- ous hawks of all species, excepting birds of carrion feeding vultures, the fish hawk and bald eagle, are eaten, as well as crows, more especially the American crow, owls and ravens, particularly the white neck raven. The coot, robin, in« troduced starling and English sparrow, as well as other species are eaten where not protected by State or Federal law. Q. Where is the new memorial to Admiral Robert E. Peary?—J. G. F. A. A statue of the explorer by Joseph Pollia will be placed on a plot donated by Charles M. Schwab at Cresson, Pa, Admiral Peary’s birthplace. Q. Has Heywood Broun, the columnist, a son?—F. M. A. Heywood Hale Broun is the son He is a freshman at Swarthmore College. Q. When is Fire Prevention week?— J. G. B. A. President Roosevelt has issued & proclamation calling for its observance | the week beginning October 4. Q. Was Plato the philosopher's real name?—M. G. A. His own name was Aristocles, the surname Plato, broad, being applied to him as indicative of his broad shoulders. Q. What city is known as the Sublime Porte?—K. R. A. Istanbul, Turkey, was formerly re- ferred to as the Sublime Porte, or lofty gate, because of an elaborate entrance into the inclosure containing the gov- ernment buildings. Q. Who originated the toddy?—H. W. A. Toddy was originally an alcoholic drink made by South Sea Islanders from the buds or flowers of certain trees. Early exployers, Cook, Dampler and Her- bert, identify toddy with the fan and date palm trees, and Dampier speaks of the toddy tree, probably also a palm. Q. How many trains travel at a speed of more than 60 miles an hour?—W. F. A. There are now 640 American trains which have scheduled speeds of more than 60 miles an hour between stops or passing points. Q. Where is Cortez buried?—M. L, W, A. According to the book, “Cortez, the Conqueror of Mexico”: In death as in life he knew no peace. First buried in Seville, his bones were 15 years later transported to Tezcuco, Mexico, and in- terred in the monastery of St. Francis. In 1629 they were removed to Mexico City. During the revolution of 1823 a mob sought to express their hatred of their Spanish rulers by tesring open the grave of the conqueror. #p forestall this outrage his casket was secretly moved by friends and buried in a spo. which remains unknown to this day. A Rhyme at Twilight Gertrude Brookc Hamilton Eastern Tenets. One from the Orient, a philosopher, Spoke of the power of thought; A powerful present fact—no metaphor— By a controlled mind wrought. Desire a thing, MW!wncemnw. Ponder it long hours through; It will take form; draw near. Anfl. soon or late, 1¢/¥ill transpire—come true. A