Evening Star Newspaper, December 2, 1935, Page 8

| THE EVENING STAR ‘With Sunday Morning Edition, WASHINGTON, D. C. MONDAY .....c.euneen December 2, 1935 —— e s B The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: b S SR TR A, lew York l':: £V 2! BuroTen Smomr Hesent St London. Ensisnd, Rate by Carrler Within the City. Regular Edition. e Evening Star__ - 45 per month A00.5veyay S'%___60c per month Collection made e Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Na- tonal 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. nd and Virginis. $10.00; 1 mo.. 85¢ $6.00; 1 mo., 50c $4.00; 1 mo.. 40c Member of the Assoclated Press. * ome Assoclated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches gredited to 1t or not otherwise credited in this E n ocal news publis g P T ne 5t Coubiication of special dispatches “Berein are also reserved. i More Borrowing. 2 On the heels of President Roosevelt’s statement that the Government says to 4ne people, “You cannot borrow your way out of debt,” announcement is made that the Government is to ask for a loan of $900,000,000. When this loan has been accomplished, the public debt will have reached a new and unprecedented high, approximately $30,500,000,000. The new bond issue by the Govern- “ment will bring the additions to the public debt by the Roosevelt adminis- tration up to $9,500,000,000 in round num- ‘bers. When the President took over the executive office the debt stood at about $21,000,000,000, most of it growing out ©f the World War. . The President in his Atlanta speech {nsisted that the country had passed the peak of appropriations. It may be; but -the peak of taxation is yet to come. The administration has turned its back upon & revision of taxes before the presidential election next year. The President said that he wished to keep the matter out of partisan politics. Taxes, however, have s way of intruding upon partisan poli- tics. Why should they not? The Gov- ernment which saddles the people with ‘® heavy tax burden is bound to feel the weight of blame. It is a responsibility that, in the end, it cannot avoid. Further Government borrowing may e necessary to meet the running ex- penses of the Government—the expenses of the various relief agencies as well as the more permanent Government agen= eies. A revival of business undoubtedly will bring, and is bringing in part al- ready, increased revenues to the Gov- ‘ernment. The idea, however, that these increased revenues will be sufficient to meet the vast spending program of the administration is optimistic, to say the Jeast. And yet that is the prospect held out to the people in certain quarters. ‘The banks of the country are the great- est holders of the new Government se- eurities. It is to the banks that the ad- ministration must look for the absorption of a very large part of the new issue. _The President has said that a number of “great bankers,” back in 1933, told him that the country could stand a '$55,000,000,000 to $70,000,000,000 public debt. The implication seems to be that if the bankers feel that way about it, .why should the Government worry and why should the banks not absorb these Government securities? Of course, the money advanced to the Government by the banks might be advanced to indus- try. It cannot be advanced to both. The result of Government loans, it is re- ported, has been to shift loans from pri- vate to Federal agencies. The banks at the close of the present year will hold about $16,000,000,000 of the public debt. It will be represented in Government bonds and notes. . In addi- tion, the banks hold a large part of the ‘Government - guaranteed obligations, which total $4,500,000,000, including the bonds of the agencies set up by the Gov- ernment to finance home and farm loans. These obligations of the Government are held by the banks as assets behind :the deposits of the people’s money. The _maintenance of the credit of the Govern- ment, it is clear, is vital to the banks and to the people. The heights to which ,Government financing may go without disturbing that credit is a problem of -first importance. According to the Presi- dent, “great bankers” take the view that it may go on until the public debt has doubled its present swollen size. ,Per- haps it could, but in the end a pay day must come. After payment has been +made, what will be left? War must be regarded as a matter of political pressure, when not a person who engages in it will actually admit that he approves of it. R In the Publiec Service. Man's inhumanity to man arouses public indignation, resentment and a desire for punishment. This impulse, however, is no more strong than that which is evoked by the spectacle of three dogs ganging up on another dog in a situation that gives the victim no chance for escape or adequate defense. Such a spectacle was presented yesterday in this city and the public reaction was immediate and powerful. The fight was .staged in the show window of a pet shop, where the four animals had been living together placidly for a week. Then something happened to start a feud and the public indignation reached a high pitch of intensity. In a four-cornered fight one of the participants is always the object of sym- pathy, and yesterday that sympathy ‘took the form of intervention by proxy. The onlookers at the canine battle could Tot directly intervene, so they turned to the public agencies of succor and salvation. Some one u.lla:l for the police ,mdmotherhunedtnnmu:mon the ground that the firemen were quicker. ‘The result was that no less than eighteen . L2 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., MONDAY, DE pieces of public apparatus gathered with, of course, a tremendous hullabaloo of horns and bells and naturally & large concourse of otherwise idle citizens who are always keen to be in on any kied of social eruption. There was no fire and there was nobody to arrest, but out of the melee came direct action. A back door of the establishment was forced and the rescuers reached the zcene of the disturbance with several thousand on- lookers watching for results. Brave hands reached in and grasped the con- testants by the scruffs of their necks and the feud was ended with no serious casualties. It may be that there were some feel- ings of wounded pride on the part of the guardians of the law and physical property of the community that they had been called just to stop a dog fight, but if so they were not evident. For to a policeman the keeping of the peace is a part of the code and to a fireman the saving of life is likewise a constant duty. Canine or human, it makes no difference. The reassuring fact of the matter is that both branches of the District's protec- tive system did their duty promptly and effectively and courageously, as always. Treaty Navies. Secretary Swanson renders a timely service in emphasizing the doubt sur- rounding the outcome of the London Naval Conference. He takes occasion to do so in his annual report, which reiterates previous strong recommenda- tions that the United States Navy be built up to the full strength authorized in the Washington and London agree- ments. “The situation in regard to treaties for limitation of naval arma- ments,” Mr. Swanson points out, “still remains uncertain, and it is impossible to predict the nature of future treaties, if any.” . It is in the final words of that passage in the Secretary's report—“if any”"—that significance lies. It implies the candid fear that, world conditions and rivalries being what they are, the last may have been heard of treaty navies. There is an ominous suggestion in the Secretary’s observation, founded, as it is, on the present disturbed state of things, that far from any hope of new pacts to keep armaments within bounds, the more likely prospect is that the nations are headed toward another competitive era of expanded, rather than curtailed, fleets. The United States has a clear con- science on this score. As Secretary Swanson explains, American naval policy is unchanged. This country, under existing arrangements, is allotted & gross tonnage of 1,125,500. Plans, all too tardily undertaken, are now under way to build vessels that will by 1942 give the fleet the full strength to which it is entitled. The civilian head of the Navy favors uninterrupted progress in the completion of that program. It in- cludes eighty-six ships totaling 283,150 tons now building and appropriated for. At the moment the United States has more construction in hand than either Great Britain or Japan, but that is be- cause successive economy waves at Washington compelled America to lag ‘behind its associates in the 5—5—3 ratio compact. While they built, Uncle Sam stood still. Our delegates to the London Confer- ence are under instructions to do their utmost to prevent bigger navies. They will leave no stone unturned not only to preserve existing ratios, but to sup- port any efforts that promise to lead to substantial, proportionate reduction of armaments. With Asia the scene of | fresh Japanese aggression in China; with Mussolini threatening war in Europe as Italy faces deadly economic sanctions, and with virtually all the powers plan- ning extensive new construction, not even the most peace-minded devotee of naval disarmament can reasonably hope for real achievements in that direction at London this month. Earnestly do the Government and people of the United States wish that the future held brighter promise. Darkened as the horizon is, there is no course for this country to pursue other than the one Secretary Swanson advo- cates—to build and man with a minimum of delay the American Navy that is authorized. National safety at this in- calculable international hour lies in no other direction. A scarcity sought In potatoes may en- able the splendid liveried potato bug to feel that he is in his own way working in co-operation with the Government. Class Appeal. At Atlanta on Friday last President Roosevelt appealed for class support for his administration. That, in any event, is a fair inference to draw from his speech. The things he said and his manner of saying them had the effect of making an arbitrary distinction be- tween rich and poor, between city dwell- ers and country dwellers and between those who follow him and those who do not. With regard to bankers, for example, he did not mince words. “Mammon,” he insisted, “ruled America” in 1924. Hence the troubles of 1929, leading up to the crisis of March, 1933, when “many of the great bankers of the United States flocked to Washington to get help of their Government in the saving of their banks from insolvency.” But the President did not name “the great bankers” who sought his assistance and who, he charged, “thought the coun= try could stand a debt of fifty-five to seventy billion dollars.” Thus he left bankers as a class under suspicion and, presumptively, in disrepute. And with them he pilloried “speculators” and “the great interstate public utility companies of our country.” ’ Certainly, he was conscious of what he was doing. Indeed, he had forecast his purpose when some weeks ago he told his friends: “The people who ride in the Pullmans are against me, but the people who ride in the day coaches are for me.” His campaign for re-election, it has been indicated, is planned along those lines, and the Atlanta address was the opening gun. Apparently he hopes v to win by setting “properly self-respect- ing Americans” to war against “gentle- men in well-warmed and well-stocked clubs,” who, in his judgment, are “care- less of the truth and regardless of scruple.” Such tactics, history shows, have brought victory to other candidates. An- drew Jackson attained the White House by the same strategy, and Woodrow Wil- son profited by his example when he put forth his do:trine of “the new free- dom.” But Willlam Jennings Bryan, Eugene V. Debs and Norman Thomas were less successful. Their class ap- peals failed. Perhaps the outcome depends upon circumstance. Prosperity, slowly but surely returning, will shift class lines to the disadvantage of any man who preaches discontent to the masses. It happens that, even during the worst pe- riod of the depression, only a relatively few Americans imagined themselves in- competent to solve their problems. Bet- ter times will promote a better social temper, and Mr. Roosevelt might be more wisely advised if he preferred to recog- nize that fact. But he cannot have his cake and eat it, too. In any effort to create artificial class antagonism he will have to reckon with that moderate conservative portion of the population which fears commun- ism and socialism and which, still faith- ful to the theory that the United States is & land of opportunity, does not wish to embrace radicalism of any kind, ——— Of course the charming editorial from the New York Sun of Dana days will be reprinted as an incident of Christmas spirit. For the sake of sentiment Al Smith will not be encouraged to repeat his intimations that there may be rather too much Santa Claus. ———s. Suburban racketeers are now accused of exercising a debasing influence over the morals of a large city. Farmers who have been given so much moral and economic responsibility should look into this. ——or— ‘The number of days of Christmas shop- ping are diminishing rapidly. Threats of war may be heard from all points of the compass. But, as Al Smith sapi- ently remarked, “you can't shoot Santa Claus.” v —oe Homicide still enables emotional re- porting to make demands on intelligent attention which should be bestowed on economic problems of the highest im- portance. ———————— Whatever may happen in regal circles, authoritative arrangements should be possible by which humble family quar- rels can be conducted without the use of weapons. ———————— Around Christmas time the words of Tiny Tim will be repeated. Whatever the differences of purpose or opinions may be, they serve as a universal prayer. ————. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Equal Distribution. A boy in g school was a rather bad boy, Though his mother would never admit it. In mischief his time he would often employ J And they couldn't persuade quit it. ‘When punishment came he admitted no blame, But mentioned life’s plots as they thicken; He merely remarked it was all in the game, It was his turn for takin’ a lickin’, him to He tried to be good; did the best that he could; He'd listen to erudite speeches Of things passed around with & plan understood As one which equality teaches. “I have laughed,” he declared, “when the pleasure I shared, With sorrow why should I be stricken, And let my sad spirit be caught unpre- pared ‘When it’s my turn for takin’ a lickin’” In the Ring. “Is your hat in the ring?” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum, “I have felt called on to do a bit of clowning lately. Maybe it's only in the circus ring.” Jud Tunkins says maybe one of the reasons people talk about communism so freely is that it is a means of getting them a heavier cut in the distribution of wealth than the ordinary neighbor enjoys. Winter. ‘We're threatened with a snowdrift And we're threatened with a freeze, A high drift or & low drift Either leaves us ill at ease. We may be chill and lonely As the climate’s rough and raw. Life's a frozen asset only And we'll wait for it to thaw. Decoy. “Do you have a bank in Crimson Guich?” “Yes,” said Mesa Bill. “But there’s no money in it. A good many bandits happen along this way and the G-men are persuading us to keep it open as a decoy.” Potato Mine. Potato mine, a badge you wear, I view it with obsequious care. At breakfast I shall pass you by While spinach claims my patignt eye. I've seen you baked or boiled or fried, Or maybe just plain petrified. A jewel next you may become Mounted in gold or platinum. “Some folks look foh new promises f'um different politicians,” said Uncle Eben, “purty much de same as dey changes off f'um one fortune teller to another.” gz THE POLITICAL MILL By G. Gould Lincoln. Senator William E. Borah of Idaho and Col. Prank Knox, publisher of the Chi- cago Daily News, may lock horns in the Illinois presidential primary next April, unless the Senator takes a firm stand ageinst having his name entered in that primary. An announcement from the Idaho Senator, however, that he will permit his friends to enter his name in some of the presidential primaries has been looked for. The only question seems to have been how soon should the announcement be made. If Mr. Borah becomes an avowed candidate so early in the preconvention campaign, he also becomes a target of attack. His every move in the coming session of the Con- gress will be watched and interpreted as having a bearing on the race for the presidential nomination—and the later race for the presidency itself. ERE Probably the attitude of the Idaho Senator will be scanned closely on all public questions whether he announces himself a candidate or not. If he makes no announcement, he still remains a potential candidate. The same close examination of the position and the speeches of Senator Arthur H. Vanden- berg of Michigan may be expected. Van- denberg has so far been the real shrink- ing violet of the group whose names have been mentioned in connection with the Republican presidential nomination. He has avoided all suggestion that he was himself a candidate, like the plague. His friends, however, still see in him the ultimate choice of the Republican na- tional convention. They believe in his star of destiny. As a matter of fact, the next session of Congress is likely to be full of politics for both the Democrats and Republicans. The word from Warm Springs that President Roosevelt hopes to keep the session program to a limited number of measures might have been expected. The administration has had enough money at the hands of Congress to carry on its many activities for relief during the next year. It is always pos- sible to call Congress into special session next November or December to obtain more cash if it be necessary. * x x x If Borah can go into Illinois, thd home State of Col. Knox, and win the prefer- ential primary vote, it is said that he may make the leap also in Ohio, which comes shortly thereafter., The Illinois primary takes place on April 14 and the Ohio primary May 19. However, to enter the Ohio primary Borah must be- come an avowed candidate for the presi- dential nomination. In Illinois his name may be put forward by his friends with- out the Senator himself giving the move- ment his blessing. Senator Borah's friends up to date have had a hard time making him plunge into the presi- dential pool, although they have led him to the brink. * ok x x ‘There seems no slightest doubt., how- ever, that Borah has a big following in many of the States—that goes for the East as well as the West. It is true that many interests and business men may oppose his nomination. It is true that supporters of the proposed Federal anti- lynching law may object to him because he Has said that he would veto such a measure if it were presented to him— because he believed it unconstitutional. Nevertheless, the Idaho Senator has an appeal to millions of voters. The proof of the pudding is almost always in the eating. If his name is presented in the preferential primaries in some of the big States and he outstrips other candidates —some of them favorite-son candidates— it ought to be clear to the powers in the Republican party that they have a po- tential candidate of real strength. On the other hand, if he should be de- feated in the primaries, or in some of the principal primaries, the reverse would be true and they would have to look to some other candidate. * x *x x ‘Whether Senator Borah will make a statement this week is problematical. It may come next week, or next month. But sooner or later he is expected to clarify the atmosphere regarding his position. The demand for his candi- dacy comes from a great many persons. In fact, it is a greater demand than has come for any other Republican to make the race for the presidency. There has been a good deal of talk, too, about Gov. Alf M. Landon of Kansas, the “Coolidge of the Middle West.” Landon is, how- ever, an unknown to millions of people who know all about Borah. Landon is no orator. Borah has a wonderful gift of speech. It was a foregone conclusion that the soldiers’ bonus would get into the coming political campaign. Whether President Roosevelt and the Democrats can get it out and tucked away before the voting begins is a question. Certainly a lot of his followers are in favor of paying the bonus without further delay and taking it out of the approaching contest. They do not like the idea of facing the veterans of the World War over the top of a presidential veto of immediate cash pay- ment of the bonus. On the other hand, there are administration leaders who do not like the idea of facing the wrath of a very considerable number of people who believe that this is no time to saddle the Government with an addi- tional $2,000,000,000 of immediate debt. The bonus will knock at the door of Congress almost immediately after it re- convenes January 3. The main ques- tion, then, will be what kind of a bill shall be passed. Supporters of the Patman “green back” bill, vetoed by the President at the last session, still hope to put a measure of that kind across. They hope to avoid the criticism that they have increased the public debt by the passage of such a bill, which would only require the issuance of sufficient Treasury notes to pay off the veterans. But the charge of “inflation” of the currency is some- thing else, which would follow the enact- ment of such a law. * ok x % When Col. Frank Knox, expected con- tender for the Republican presidential nomination, said that he favored the immediate payment of the soldiers’ bonus out of the $4,880,000,000 relief act passed by Congress at its last session, it was certain that he would draw the fire of some of the anti-bonus group. It has brought him into opposition with the National Economy League, headed by Henry H. Curran, and caused the mutual determination that Knox is not to speak before the league at its annual dinner in New York, January 15. Whether it will bring Knox the support of the veterans is another matter. Knox is a veteran himself. He has in the past been against the immediate cash pay- ment of the bonus, not due in law until 1945. But he insists that the Roosevelt administration, when it cast aside all thought of Government economy and went on a spending spree, should not have neglected the veterans. In his opinion, it would be well for the country if half of the big relief fund appro- priated by Congress should be used to pay the veterans. The New Deal Demo- crats would, in his opinion, then, have just that much less money with which to finance the re-election—through relief of various kinds—of President Roosevelt. What to do about the soldiers’ bonus EMBER 2, 1935. . THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Few pursuits offer more sidelines than gardr ning. Placing seeds or plants in the back yard is just the beginning of an ever- widening enjoyment. ‘Study of plants and shrubs and trees is merely preliminary. Ore may decide on a pool, and then comes consideration of concrete mixing, and its application, forms, and so on. The gardener may not realize what he is doing when he stocks his new pool with a few goldfishes, but perhaps he is leading himself onward to an entire new realm of life. ‘The study of tropical fishes in the indoor aquarium is the next step, and this in turn leads to the investigation of a special type of plant, the aquatic, and the various enemies of fish life. The latter causes the gardener—for he is always that—to study microscopic forms of life, and this leads on to a new appreciation of the microscope. * K X ok Science in many forms enters now. The fish culturist, who became s0 by way of his garden and a small goldfish pool, becomes interested in the relative alkalinity and acidity of water. He will investigate the “pH” of water, written just so, with a view to discov- ering the exact type of water best suited to his various fishes. Water, to him, becomes not just water, as it is to most persons, but an ever- varying medium, not only.in its chemical, but also in regard to its electrical com- position, and variation of the hydrogen “jon.” The feeding of fishes offers an entire fleld of Investigation to itself, one in which numerous private and commercial studies are being made, aided by scien- tific investigation of the various Gov- ernment bureaus devoted to fish and fisheries, Every one who takes up fish culture, in even the smallest way, hopes at last to make it pay, and often this is possible, in a small way, though not many persons are able to make their hobby earn their bread and butter for them. There is here, as in many other lines, a great deal of false beginner’s enthusiasm, which too often results in loss of money and enthusiasm. It is better, if one de- termined to make money out of a hobby, to get in touch with professionals and ask their opinion of the chances of success. * *x % x Few persons take up gardening, even in little, without being intrigued by scientific nomenclature. As a result of tracing down the mean- ings of some of the long scientific names of plants and animals, the amateur gar- dener comes to a great appreciation of the work of all scientists, and just what they add to life by their exactitude and their way of thinking. There is romance, too, in the way plants get their names. Who that did not know would suspect that the common zinnia is named after a staid old pro- fessor, Herr Dr. Zinn, of a great German university? Or that the dahlia, so popular in our gardens, received its name because hon- oring Dr. Dahl? That the poinsettla, favorite Christ- mas Hecoration, honors it its name a great American Ambassador to Mexico? These are a few of the thousands of interesting namings of plants familiar to all. * 8% ¥ Few persons, too, take up gardening without at some time or other becoming interested in the rock garden, so-called. At once arises a desire to know some- thing, even if in s rudimentary way, about rock formations, soils found in Nature associated with rocks, anc a study of a special sort of plants, which our English brothers call “alpines.” The study of entomology, which takes up garden insects and “bugs” of all types, including the myriads of the great beetle family, is one which naturally intrigues the gardening mind. It is a difficult study. One will discover just enough, perhaps, to show him how much there is to know, and how much, in turn, he will never know. But he will be able to make some headway in the perpetual fight of gar- deners against the hundreds of plant enemies. He will come to understand the need for spraying with insecticides and fungi- cides. He will realize as never before that the Government has many men at work on the same problems, so he will be heartened at his own ignorance, and do the best he can in fighting the com- mon enemy in his own little patch of ground. Chemistry, that wonderful study, plays the major part in the development of sprays, the insecticides and fungicides so widely used. The composition of soils comes under this head L ‘The study of wild flowers opens up an entire new world to the home gardener. He or she who begins on this inter- esting sideline of gardening will find it leads to herbalism and medicine and these to studies of ancient peoples and their ways of keeping healthy. The use of the various wild flowers in the average garden will demand a real study of each plant, and the type of soil and situation necessary to its proper growth. It will be found that practically all the wildings must have the right conditions, or they will be a miserable failure. The amateur gardener who has become accustomed to the “sure-fire” plants, the hundred and one annuals and perennials, developed over several centuries for ordinary garden use, will discover quickly that wild flowers are different. That is part of their charm, but he must work to realize it. And then the wild birds, the songsters which come to our gardens, especially in the Winter. The identification of the birds is a special study. Their feeding, during Winter, and their housing in Spring and Summer, these and many more problems arise. They are delightful worries, however, ones seldom given up after their acquaintance is made. A home gardener can become as excited to be mixed as food for the wild birds as many another person can over base ball, or the recital of the speed he made the last week end in his new car. Garden animals, friendly and other- wise, are a part of the picture. Here, too, one may study a lifetime without exhausting the possibilities. At times some of the animals encountered will seem in the way until the gardener at last comes to the sensible realization that they, too, are a part of the great sym- phony of the outdoors on which Nature has lavished all of herself. Then he will realize, perhaps better than most, that though some animals irk him, they, too, have their place, and that by being kind to them, when perhaps he does not want to be, he is training himself for that greater demand and need, kind- ness to the most curious of all animals, man, WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. Money, it is plain from President Roosevelt's Atlanta keynote speech, is going to be as big an issue in 1936 as it was in the McKinley-Bryan campaign. Controversy will not revolve around the currency question, as it did then, but will concern Federal expenditure. F. D. R. leaves no doubt that he is ready to accept the Republicans’ challenge of New Deal waste and extravagance in financing recovery. The administration’s general argument will be that the end justified the means, no matter how expensive the means were. The President is obviously prepared to defend the results of the spending program as against “the gen- tlemen in well-warmed and well-stocked clubs,” who assail the cost of work relief and other colossal drafts on the country’s pocketbooks. Radio listeners detected a special note of belligerency in nearly all of Mr. Roosevelt's thrusts at big business elements. He raised his voice emphati- cally when he referred to the abolition of “fly-by-night” securities and “regula- tion of the great interstate public utility companies.” *ox X % Politicians can prove almost anything by statistics, especially those relating to Federal finance, so it may be expected that the G. O. P. will promptly tear into the President’s figures dealing with the public debt and plans for its retirement, along with deficit reduction. One con- troversy already in sight revolves around Mr. Roosevelt’s statement that bankers told him in 1933 that the country could safely stand a national debt of between $55,000,000,000 and $70.000,000,000. New York bankers are quick to declare they were not guilty and are reported in mood to challenge the White House to make public the names of financiers who ever gave such assurances. Some Wall Street- ers think the Atlanta statement may have been a Rooseveltian reprisal for certain anti-New Deal manifestations at the recent New Orleans convention of the American Bankers' Association. * x x x Georgia's two United States Senators, who spoke briefly just before President Roosevelt'’s usddress, did not pussyfoot about the snti-Talmadge character of the love fsast. Senator Russell, who opened praceedings, declared that Geor- gia’s Democratic “has never been hauled down in a national campaign and the record will not be marred next year.” He added, amid a tornado of cheers, that Georgia “will not be taken by as- sault from without or delivered by forces from within.” Senator George, proclaim- ing Georgia Democrats’ unfaltering loy- alty to the President, asserted that there is “no Benedict Arnold” in the State’s solid Democratic delegation in Congress. The Literary Digest’s latest report on its New Deal poll shows that Georgia leads all States so far tabulated, in sup- port of Roosevelt policies, with a per- centage of 67.55 favorable and 3245 op- posed. * * X ¥ There was & conspicuous absence at Atlanta of any reference to the consti- tutional controversy. The omission is seen as fresh evidence of the President’s lack of purpose to take the “horse and —————————————————————— when it reaches the floors of the House and the Senate is a problem for both Republicans and Democrats, politically speaking. It may be that in the end the Congress will pass such a measure over a presidential veto “to save Mr. Roosevelt.” They have more than two- thirds of the membership of both Senate and House. buggy” issue into the 1936 campaign. Not everybody agrees that the issue is dead. This week the Economic Club of New York will devote its 114th annual dinner to the subject. The speakers will include Senator Rush D. Holt, Democrat, of West Virginia; R. S. Desvernine, chair- man of the National Lawyers’ Committee of the American Liberty League, and Frederick H. Wood, counsel for the suc- cessful defendants in the N. R. A. case before the Supreme Court. The presi- dent of the club is James P. Warburg, erstwhile New Deal Treasury aide. * % x % Sally (Mrs. Alvin T.) Hert, who has just relinquished the vice chairmanship of the Republican National Committee along with her resignation as national committeewoman for Kentucky, has ranked as first lady of the G. O. P. or- ganization for the past 12 years. She inherited her flair for politics from her | late husband, who, in the days of Old Guard ascendancy, was & party power. Mrs. Hert also succeeded to his business connections, taking his place as chair- man of the board of the American Cre- osoting Co. and in other large industrial enterprises, including a big blue grass stock farm. As the first woman vice chairman of the national committee, it fell to Sally Hert's lot to organize Re- publican sisters on a Nation-wide scale early in suffrage days. At one time, when there was talk that Harding, Cool- idge or Hoover might offer a cabinet was the one most conspicuously men- tioned in that connection. A Hoosier by birth, she presides over one of Washing- ton’s interesting political salons. * ok ok ok 1In days gone by, every suggestion of a tariff alliance with the United States re- vived fears in the Dominion that Uncle Sam craved to annex Canada, and that anything in the nature of a reciprocity treaty was a fatal step in that direction. Such anxieties long since evaporated. The spirit of “nationhood” is now so deep-seated among Canadians that they would even resent anything that sought to bind them closer to the British crown if it curbed the virtually complete in- dependence which our northern neigh- bors enjoy. . * ok ok There are diplomats in Washington who opine that if League sanctions bring Mussolini to terms, the time is not far distant when the same sort of medicine will be administered to Japan, in order to check her aggression in China. An oil embargo would hit Nippon in a vital spot. The Japanese would be perhaps even more disastrously affected by a foreign boycott of their §oods. The island empire depends for its economic exist- ence on exports of silk, particularly to this country. To destroy Japan's silk market would be to stop the flow of her life blood. Tokio is watching League- Italian developments with anxious in- terest. * K K ok Our London Naval Conference dele- gates, now in mid-Atlantic, have no very rosy hopes in their baggage. Nearly everybody fears that about the only result of the conference will be event- ual Anglo-American-Japanese-Franco- German-Italian naval building competi- tion. Continued Anglo-American soli- darity t Japan's demand for parity with the “English-shooting” fleets is i generally expected. (Copyright, 1885.) discussing the relative merits of seeds | portfolio to a woman, Mrs. Hert's name | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic ]. Haskin, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washing- ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing~ ton, D.C. Pleaseinclose stamp for reply, Q. How many postal money orders issued in a year?p::}A M. ¥ o A. The Post Office Department issues almost 200 million money orders an- nually. Q. How long does it take to train & carrier pigeon to transport news photo- graphs?—R. K. A. 1t takes at least a year to train the pigeons for this work. Q. How many Bibles were printed last year?—E. J. 8. A. It is estimated that in the year 1934 over 21,000,000 Bibles or parts of Bibles were published by the British and For= eign Bible Society, the American Bible Society and two or three more of the larger Bible houses of other countries. Q. What is the inscription on the bronze tablet placed by the Colonial Dames on the Louisville-Jeffersonville Municipal Bridge?—E. H. A. The inscription is as follows: The discovery of the Ohio River—In 1669 A. D. Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, com= missioned by the French officials of Louis XIV at Quebec, seeking a water route to China and Japan, guided by an Indian and accompanied by a party in canoes, descended this river, called by the Iro- quois Indians the Ohio, meaning the beautiful river. Q. Was Paul Whiteman ever in a Navy band?—G. W. A. During the World War Mr. White« ::nnn twal.s a Navy bandmaster on the West oast. Q. Are there more or fewer eating places in the United States now than there were in 1929?—H. McN. A. There is a large increase in the number. In 1929 there were only 134,293 eating places in the United States, where- as in 1933 there were 170,434 restaurants and eating places in the United States, Q. Do the partieles which form the rings around Saturn revolve together around the planet?—C. B. A. The rings of Saturn spin around the planet rapidly. It is now believed that they consist of a swarm of separate par= ticles, each following its own independ= ent orbit. By means of a spectroscope the velocity of any point of the ring has been determined and it has been found that particles on the inner edge of the ring revolve about the planet in approx= imately five hours, while those on the outer edge require about 14 hours for one revolution. Q. How much money did the Governe ment pay for war veterans in 19347— C.N.C. A. During the fiscal year 1934 pay- ments to living veterans of all wars amounted to $21,051,091. The amount paid to the dependents of deceased vet= erans was $49,763,326. The amount spent for administration, medical, hospital and domiciliary care was $66,484,288. Q. How many Cub Scouts are there?— L.F.D. A. Latest figures place the Cubs’ mems= bershi_p at 53570. Their packs, corre- sponding to the Boy Scout troops, number Q. Who won the Nobel prizes in cheme istry and in literature?—R. B. A. The Nobel chemistry prize was awarded to Prof. Frederick Joliot of France and his wife, Mme. Irene Joliot= Curie, for their research work in creating radium substitutes. The Swedish Acad« emy announced that the prize for litere ature would be held in reserve this year. Q. Where is the oldest windmill in this country?—T. M. F. A. It.was built at West Yarmouth, on Cape Cod, in 1633. The mill has been purchased for Henry Ford and rease sembled at Greenfield Village. Q. How extensive are the oil resources of the United States?—A. J. H. A. It is estimated that the potential oil fields of the United States cover 1,110 million acres, with only 2,000,000 actually exploited. Q. How much snow does it take to core respond to an inch of rain?—J. S. K. A. The Weather Bureau says that the amount of water varies widely with dif- ferent snowfalls, some snow being quite light and dry; others, wet. As a gen= eral average, 10 inches of snow may be taken as equivalent to one inch of water, Q. What was the date of the South Carolina earthquake?—D. P. R. _A. It occurred at 9:51 o'clock. standard time, on the night of August 31, 1886. Q. Are other countries giving old-age pensions?—E. D. P. A. Many of them are, and the trend is distinctly in this direction. Q. Are any of Shakespeare’s lineal descendants living?—J. F. A. Within the last five years the last descendant of Shakespeare has died. At the time of the death of Shakespeare there were two surviving children— Susanna, who married John Hall, and Judith, the wife of Thomas Quincy. Q. Please give the names of some fa=- mous optimists—H. F. A. St. Thomas Aquinas and his fole lowers indorsed the theory that this is the best of all possible worlds. In the Renaissance, Giordano Bruno voiced a feeling of world-wide joy, a universal optimism. At the beginning of the eighteenth century the English philoso= pher Shaftesbury found in the beauty and harmony of the universe reason for enthusiasm of thought and living. The optimism of Rousseau was based upon his belief in the nature of man as God-descended. A A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Tllustrious Beloved, she has no lovers; Wedded, she is no wife; Mystery ‘round her hovers, Unknown her codes of life. Few ever cross her portal. And yet within its shrine A master’s rule immortal Links her with love divine, Versed in its quiet mandate, She lives a Spartan creed; Whatever it may dictate She does not weep or plead. Art is her stern dictator, Art her appointed mate- A deep-eyed, fair creator, Hers is a lonely fate, A