Evening Star Newspaper, November 15, 1935, Page 2

A—2 g% ‘ROOSEVELT URGES HIGHWAY SAFETY A. A. A. Asked to Sponsor Continued Campaign to Cut Accidents. By the Associated Press. CHICAGO, November 15.—Presi- dent Roosevelt, in a message to the American Automobile Association Convention today, urged an intensive and continued campaign for highway safety. “Our people must realize once and for all that freedom to use the streets and highways carries with it im- portant responsibilities and obliga- tions,” he said in his message. The President wrote that Federal and State government investments in good roads were largely nullified un- less a proper degree of safety were assured. The message added: “The country is perhaps more conscious than ever before of the extent of the tragedy resulting from highway fatalities and injuries. Both from the humanitarian and economic aspect. I regard this as one of the most serious problems confronting us. “Mindful of the part your organi- zation has had in the battle for greater safety, I can think of no way in which you can better serve the American people than through the continuation of your efforts to solve the problem through constructive legislation, adequate enforcement of laws and regulations and continuing education of drivers and pedestrians, young and old. “The Federal and State govern- ments are making an enormous cap- | ital investment in highways. This investment should repay us, whether we regard it from the standpoint o(‘ transportation to serve business and | individuals, or from the standpoint | of the opportunity that extended and ! improved roads afford for the recrea- | tional and cultural needs of the| people.” " Treaty (Continued From First Page.) drastic tariff reduction on almost all Canadian agricultural products such{ as milk, cream, butter, cheese and | cattle on hoof. According to reliable information, 230,000 head of cattle will be allowed annually to enter this country. Canadian wheat and lum- ber will benefit, too. * The Canadians have agreed to re- duce the existing rates on” American motor cars, trucks and many other industrial products which heretofore had to pay a prohibitive rate. Phe advantages given the Canadian farmers, to the detriment of the, " Middle West, will be offset by the| :substantial gains which American | * manufacturers will make. < The reciprocal tariff agreement fol- * lows substantially the lines of the 1911 | treaty which met with the approval | of President Taft, but failed of rati- fication . " President Peers Into Future. The economic importance of the new Canadian-American trade trealy is overshadowed by its political significance. President Roosevelt has followed closely the developments in Europe | and the Far East, and has come to the conclusion nothing short of a| miracle could improve the existing situation on the two continents. De- spite his desire to look at the world through rose-colored spectacles, he is compelled to admit that for several years there will be nothing but wars, internal troubles and an inevitable| increased economic depression both in Europe and in Asia. Mr. Roosevelt’s basic idea in inter- national affairs is that while America must continue a good neighbor policy with all nations, its chief concern is to strengthen its ties with the nations of the Western Hemisphere in order to minimize the effects produced by the | chaotic situation in Europe and in Asia. | Now Near Realization. The pan-American idea—an inti- mate political co-operation between North and South America—appears today more close to realization than ever before. But since a political un- derstanding can be of no avail with- out close economic ties, it is important that some of the regional interests of the American producers should be overlooked for the sake of a greater co-operation between the nations of both American continents. Such a policy of freer economic in- « tercourse between the North and the | South would act as a shock absorber against the bumps this continent will get in the event the situation on the other continents becomes hopelessly tangled. ‘These premises have been put forth clearly to Premier King by President Roosevelt during the long hours of talk at the White House. The Canadian premier always has been a strong advocate of closer ties with this country, but untfl now has lacked an opportunity to translate them into facts. . Similar Treaties Possible. The American - Canadian treaty opens a possibility of concluding sim- ilar treaties with other nations of both American continents: The next agreement is expected to be with the Republic of Argentina. In May, 1933, an Argentine delega~ tion came to the United States to dis- .cuss a reciprocal trade agreement. ‘The Argentine government was willing to open wide its door to the Amer- dcan manufactured products in ex- change for a tariff reduction on Ar- gentine beef, flaxseed, apples and grapes. Because of the pressure brought on the administration by the interested sections from the Middle West, the megotiations were stalemated. . The Argentine government pointed out that its exports of agricultural products were non-competitive. The flax seed would not compete with the Minnesota and North Dakota product Dbecause it would be sent to New “York, Philadelphia and Baltimore which buy it from the Argentine in any case because the transportation ‘cost by sea is lower than by rail. The Argeatine grapes do not compete with ‘the grapes because they -reach this country at a time when our grapes are out of season. This ap- plies to other agricultural products. | family says, at least half facetiously. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, ‘D‘. C., FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1935. What’s What Behind News In Capital Suspect N.R.A. Revival, But Business May Be Doubtful Father. BY PAUL MALLON. HERE is more than a good sus- picion inside certain trade association groups here that the New Dealers are working on a basic plan for N. R. A. revival. A few of the most sympathetic in- dustries are supposed to have been sounded out on it. The hope is that they may sponsor the proposals at the Berry conference here December 9. That is, the Government may nct put forward the plan officially itselt, anti-chiseling price agreements, to be agreed on voluntarily, but pos- sibly under Federal Trade Come mission supervision. Despite this cleverly planned ap- proach, most insiders suspect the De- cember 9 meeting will be like the usual international disarmament con- ference. There will be many pious speeches, but no action. Distrust Rivals. Many more large industrialists would like to do what the motors industry did and decline the Berry invitation. They do not dare to. They are afraid of what may be done oy some fellow industrialists in their same line, while they are absent. Consequently, the attending at the conference will probably be much larger than the hopes. Note—The Black 30-hour week bill and the O'Mahoney bill for Federal licensing of corporations. have no chance of passing at the next ses sion of Congress as matters now | stand. However, they may become in- | creasingly powerful clubs in the N.| R. A. situation. | No President has ever slowed down more than President Roose- velt during the last two weeks. On his 80-mile trip from Hyde Park to New York recently, he traveled at about 35 miles an hour. Like- wise, on his Armistice day journey to Arlington, his car was well within the speed limit. It is understood that he personally | issued restraining orders to his police | escorts. Ordinarily they take all| Presidents through trafic at 40 miles | an hour and hit it up more on the| long stretches. Speed is considered | an assurance of presidential protec- tion from such things as happened | in Miami prior to Mr. Roosevelt’s in- | auguration, Now Clear Roads. | The escorts, in order to assure ample safety at lower speed, have| now adopted a policy of clearing the | roads of traffic. For instance, they cleared Riverside drive on his jour- ney into New York. Note—A friend of the Roosevelt that the President is trying to set| 8 good example to his sons, whose| motoring antics have caused some| apprehensions around the White | House. Larger holding companies are sup- posed to have spent considerable money on long-distance telephone calls | lately. At least they apparently have managed to get together privately on what to do about registering under the holding companies act, by deciding not to do it. You will very likely learn om the morning of December 1 that most of the holding companies have failed to register and have filed equity proceedings in their various Federal district courts to restrain the Securities and Ez- change Commission from enforcing penalties against them. That is the procedure favored by the best holding company lawyers. One large New England company will probably leave the pack and regis- ter, but only a few others are expected to follow that course. A stiffening attitude toward Demo- cratic non-conformists, such as Ohio’s Davey and Georgia’s Talmadge, has been faintly perceptible here among New Deal politicos since the Kentucky election. There is some quiet talk about bearing down more heavily on all miscreants, now that the Kentucky situation turned out very well. This talk may be premature, and not com- pletely authoritative, but there is no question about the New Dealers wear- ing their Kentucky feathers jauntily. Those who anticipate rougher times for the bad boys are pointing to the current income tax procedure against Gov. Davey. Vanishing Colonels. Andbther umnoticed inner re- action after the Kentucky election was the swelling of governmental waste baskets with Lafloon com- missions of Kentucky colonels and admirals. There are supposed to have been 60 members of Gov. Laffoon’s all-inclusive military society in a single government de- partment. Since the primary and election these -credentials have been disappearing from office walls and desks at a rate suficient to indicate a political trend. Foremost of Laffoon’s colonels was Presidential Secretary MacIntyre. He is still addressed as Colonel, but the commission is understood to have been hidden. If any one doubts that the 1936 Roosevelt’s speaking engageme: State Department experts are only | Dallas amateurs in nation-1 politics. They are worried for fear they may make a mistake which might aliena’> many wotes at the next presidential electica. r this reason they have postponed conversations with the Argentine government. Horned Fish. y Ah:md:n,mxmxmc,m = Tecent near - e UTILITIES DAZED ON REGISTRATION Fear of Losing Constitu- tional Rights Marks Dif- ficult Situation. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. A principle of broad application is involved in the hesitancy of public utility holding companies to register under the new Federal law. It is & question of what shall be the attitude of a citizen toward a law he belleves to be unconstitutional. All the legal authorities unite in de- claring an invalid law is just the same as no law and hence obedience can- not be compelied. But—and here’s the rub—only a lower court has said the public law be tutionality risk and refuses to obey. that it is unsafe for the companies not to register, that they could stip- ulate in their registration that they don't waive constitutional rights and could carry on a test later just the same. This explanation has seemed Philippine Commonwealth Is Inaugurated FOREIGN MATERIAL BANNED BY ICKES the registration ought to be filed and |, the law complied with. But the law- yers for the utility holding companies hold otherwise, and their reasons are, from a legal standpoint, rather conclusive. Mechanism of Centrol. Not long ago, for instance, chair- man Landis, in a public speech, said, “Out o registration springs the mech- anism of control,” and he indicated that various features of management would come under Federal control, as he interpreted the law. His version of the act is correct. Registration does mean control. The question then is whethe: a company which files a registration statement is voluntary submitting itself to Federal control and whether the written concession by the Securities Commission that no constitutional rights are waived really means anything. The concession is a rule of the com- mission, and authority for it is not to be found in the words of the law itself. The strongest evidence that anybody submitting voluntarily to the provisions of an act may lose his con- stittutional rights is contained in a brief signed by six eminent lawyers in the Department of Justice, includ- ing James Lawrence Fly, who is now eounsel for the T. V. A, and Harold M. Stephens, who recently was ap- pointed judge on the Court of Ap- peals of the District of Columbia by President Roosevelt. This brief was filed in the famous Weirton case, which was dropped when the Schecter case was decided. 50 no determination by the Supreme Court of the United States on the point now at issue has been made. Federal Courts Rule. “It is a well settled rule in the Fed- eral courts,” says the brief, “that one who has himself voluntarily invoked a statute or who has received the benefits flowing from a statute is estopped later to assert its unconsti. tutionality.” In this instance, the N. R. A. told | code signers that voluntary signing didn’t mean waiver of constitutional rights, just as now the . E. C. is giv- ing the same assurance. But the De- partment of Justice went ahead and prosecuted just the same. There i5 a much more important case which has been referred to more often than any other. It is known as the Booth Fisheries Co. vs. Industrial Commission and it was cited by the lawyers for the Department of Justice in the Weirton case because the Su- preme Court said: “The employer in this case having elected to accept the provisions of the law, and any such benefits and im- munities as it gives, may not escape its burlens by asserting that it is un- constitutional. The election is a waiver and estops such complaint.” Utilities in 3 Under the circumstances, the utili- ties are up against it. Their lawyers advise them not to register. Public opinion advises them to register and test the law if they desire and rely on the assurance of the S. E. C. as being & pledge that will bind the present administration, including the Depart- ment of Justice, from raising the same defense as it did in the Weirton case. Also the Supreme Court of the United States probably will have passed on some test case of the utility law within the next year or so. It may be that an understanding between the utilities and the S. E. C. on these legal phases will be reached in time to permit registration by hold- ing companies without fear of loss of constitutional rights. But it isn't as simple a question as it appears to be on the surface. (Copyright 1935.) Election (Continued From Pirst Page.) Victor Warrender, financial secretary to the admiralty, retained the Grantham division of Lincolnshire for the Conservatives. David Lloyd George was returned to the House of Commons by & ma- Jority from Carnarvon. His daughter, Megan, was victorious in Anglesey. Winston Churchill, former chan- cellor of the exchequer and former first lord of the admiralty, was re- turned to the Commons by a majority of 20,149 votes. The turbulent J. McGovern and his almost equally flery Laborite col- league of Glasgow, James Maxton, were also re-elected. Oliver Baldwin, son of the prime minister, Laborite, was defeated. \ Labor gains slashed Prime Min- ister Baldwin's unprecedented House of Commons majority today, but Con- servative victories apparently assured a clear mandate to carry forward FRANK MURPHY, Governor of the islands, who turned the reins over to Quezon. —A. P. Photo. Coal (Continued From First Page.) ® cent total. Judge Hamilton ordered all companies to pay only t@e 11, per cent tax pending decisions of the Cir- suit Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court. | Former Federal Judge Charles I.| Dawson, chief counsel for the coal| companies opposing the Guffey bill's | regulations, announced an immediate | appeal would be taken. Judge Ham- | liton was appointed by President | Roosevelt to succeed Dawson, who re- | signed last Summer to re-enter private | practice. Judge Hamilton held that the ad- ministrative provisions of the act did not delegate legislative power; that | Congress could levy taxes for regula- ‘u)ry purposes in the interest of the | general welfore; that Congress prop- erly could outlaw price cutting below | the cost of production and could make reasonable regulations or laws relat- | ing to wages, production and mar- keting. Power of Congress Upheld. Declaring a liberal concept of the | | powers of Congress, Judge Hamilton | swept aside a mass of evidence when | he said: “The Congress has already in-' vestigated the facts as a basis| for its action. ¥ its findings may| be tmpeached by | the testimony of opinion witnesses the act might be found t» be con- | stitutional in one | case and uncon- stitutional in an- other, depending upon the testi- mony. * ¢ * “Every inquiry into the validity of a legislative act is approached with the presumption that the Congress observed the Con- stitution, and when the validity of an | act depends upon the existence of cer- | tain facts, the legislative determina- | tion will be econclusive upon the courts, | unless the contrary is shown by facts of which the courts may take judicial | notice. “If it cannot be made to appear that & law is in conflict with the Constitution by argument deduced from the language of the law itself, or from matters of which the court can take judicial notice, then the act must stand.” Administration Satisfied, Administration spokesmen expressed gratification because Judge Hamilton, in the first judicial pronouncement on the New Deal's substitute for the N. R. A. proclaimed so broad a doctrine of Federal power. The Louisville jurist declared that “the people of the States intended to surrender all the rights they had to promote the general welfare that could not be done by the States acting independently.” Judge Hamilton promuigated his Ex-Judse Dawson. Manuel Quezon (right) and Sergio Osmena were inaugurated today as first President and Vice President, respectively, of the new Philippine Commonwealth government. ~—Copyright A. P, Wirephoto. President Roosevelt as he signed the proclamation yesterday setting up the new government. Left to right: Secretary of State Hull, the Presi- dent, Gen, Malin Craig, chief of staff, and Assistant Secretary of War ‘Woodring. doctrine of Federal powers in a 50- page opinion which disposed of three cases submitted, for final decision, to him as United States judge for the ‘Western Kentucky district. War (Continued From Pirst Page.) the diplomatic truce, called during the British general elections, ended and imformed Prench sources said Premier Plerre Laval was ready to resume his negotiations toward settlement of the conflict. Before undertaking a search for peace in East Africa, however, the premier had still to settle the Euro- pean tension. His first step, authoritative inform- sats said, was to bring Great Britain and Italy into understanding on the Mediterranean situation. There British men-o-war have in- creased in number as have Italian troops in Libya confronting Britain's Egyptian interests. Premier Mussolini has withdrawn one division of his reinforeed North African garrison, but three still re- main, and the British government has failed thus far to make any similar gesture. The Pascist regime gave open evi- dence of continuing its own cam- paign in East Africa, dispatching 2,428 more officers and troops from Naples and buckling down to its final stand against sanctions. Despite a disclosure by ecclesiastical sources in Rome that Pope Pius sought and hoped for a delay in ap- plication of the League of Nations penalties, Italy generally accepted it as inevitable that they would go into effect on schedule Monday. Informed Italian sources empha- sized that the actual imposition of economic sanctions, putting a boy- cott by League states on Italian goods and an embargo on shipment of cer- tain key products to tlaly, would change Europe’s commercial map. Venture Club Hears Kassell. Stafford Kassell, recreational direc- tor of the Children's Tuberculosis Sanatorium, yesterday spoke before the Venture Club, describing the func- tions of his department in aiding the children with their fight for sound health. Plans also were discussed for the club’s hunt party Sunday at the Congressional Club. —Wide World Photo. GUARDSMIEN RUSH KILLER T0 PRISON Lynching Prevented After Colored Man Admits Shooting Georgian. By the Assoctated Press. MOULTRIE, Ga. November 15.— John Henry Sloan, colored, slayer of & white youth, was taken to the State Penitentiary at Miliedgeville, Ga., to- day, under protection of State troopers who frustrated an attempt by an angry crowd to lynch him. Several members of the crowd were guardsmen when they escorted Sloan from the court room yesterday. He had just been condemned to death for slaying Otis Gay October 15. The troopers succeeded in breaking | through the townsmen after bringing tear gas into play and rushed Sloan from the city by motor. Sloan testified he shot Gay when “frightened” by two other men who were chasing him. He said he thought Gay, who was seated on an embank- ment with his fiance would attempt to intercept him. Before Sloan's arrest, a posse of citizens seeking him killed another colored man, not connected with the slaying of Gay. A coroner’s jury found this second man came to his death at the hands of parties un- known. The defendant entered the court house through lanes of National Guardsmen. There was a crowd present, but it was quiet. As the trial advanced, however, signs of restlessness developed. Gay’s young woman companion on the night of the slaying, Miss Mary Smith of Jacksonville, Fla., collapsed on the witness stand asshe told of the The State presented other witnesses who said Sloan had borrowed a shot- gun shortly before the shooting and returned it after the shooting. Wood Runs Busses. Many autobuses in Italy are being operated by gasogenes, which produce gas by the distillation of wood or charcoal. Loring Case Glove Examined by Hicks | and to Pilipinos one of the most sym- felled by rifle butts as they rushed the | MRS. AURORA ARAGON QUEZON, Wife of the islands’ President. ~—Copyright A. P. Wirephoto. Philippines (Continued Prom First Page.) the Legislature Building to witness the ceremony. Filipino women in fashionable cloth- ing, Moros in native dress from the southern islands, representatives from the whole Philippine Archipelago made | up the jovial throng. Constabulary and reinforced police were scattered throughout the throng, | but there were no reports of serious | outbreaks. Elaborate precautions to protect the President-elect and other | officials had been taken in view of | vague reports proponents of immediate | independence might seize on the in- | augural ceremonies as the moment to | turn their opposition into violence. Defeated Candidates Absent. Both defeated candidates for the presidency—Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo | and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay—resent- fully remained away from the cere- monies. Veterans of the revolt against Spain, which Aguinaldo led, -also re- frained from marching in the parade after the program had been com- pleted. Quezon, who accepted the presidency with & promise to govern conserva- | tively and to avoid violent changes in | the established order, as his first offi- | cial act ordered all Philippine officials to “swear to accept the supreme au-| thority of the United States in these | islands and to maintain true faith and allegiance therefo.” He took command of insular forces, such as the constabulary, and sum- moned the new unicameral National Assembly to convene November 22. The final official act of the day— bolic of all—was the entry of the| dapper little President into ancient| Malcanan Palace as its first Pilipino master. Gov. Gen. Frank Murphy, who yes- terday was sworn in as high com- missioner _ to the commonwealth, turned the 300-year-old palace over to Quezon, but will remain there as a guest, along with Vice President John Nance Garner, until Garner’s depart- ure for the United States November 20. Many Americans Present. ‘The inaugural ceremonies were wit- nessed by a large group of American guests, including Speaker of the House Joseph Byrns and a congressional delegation brought here at the ex- pense of the new government. Secretary of War George Dern read President Roosevelt's official proclama- tion for establishment of the transi- tional commonwealth, which is de- signed to lead to complete autonomy in a decade. Dern told the crowd Roosevelt “has confidence in you and your leaders, and fervently hopes the popular government we are now setting up will bring you an abundance of happiness, success and prosperity.” Quezon asserted: “We are bringing into being & new nation. We are witnessing the final stage of fulfillment of the noblest un- | dertaking ever attempted by any na- tion in its dealings with a subject people. Our life may not be one of ease and comfort, but rather one of ‘Warns Against Revolt. He warned that subversive move- ments “shall be dealt with firmly.” “It is my duty,” he added, “to see that the government of the common- wealth lives within its means; that it stands four square on a well-balanced budget. * * * We are among the least taxed people in the world; therefore, when the necessity arises we should be willing to accept the burden of in- creased n. “There will be no violent changes from the established order of things, except as may be necessary to carry into effect the innovations contem- plated by the constitution.” Both President Quezon and Dern praised the Philippines’ retiring Gov- 20 ernor General. Launching of the new regime, a more complex affair than the simple inauguration of an American Presi- dent, cost over $250,000, and half this sum was required to pay the expenses of the fourscore American officials, Senators, Representatives and journal- ists. who were guests of the new gov- ernment. Altogether, more than 200 Americaps crossed the Pacific for the occasion. JAPAN PAILS NEW GOVERNMENT TOKIC(: November 15.—A high gov- in a statement | Wouldn't it Secretary Pushes for Probe of- Possible Collusion in Steel Bids. B the Associated Press. Clamping & ban on “dumping” of foreign building materials into public warks projects, Secretary Ickes also pushed today for Government investi- gations to determine if American bids on any such projects were “collusive.” He promised to hold up all low for- eign bids in the future to determine whether they were made possible by Government subsidies abroad or whether the American bids were col- lusive or “unreasonably high.” The Secretary made his promise in 2 letter to William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, adding, however, that he would not interfere with the awarding of con- tracts for German steel on a New York City and a Morehead City, N.C., project. Criticism Aroused. These two projects aroused a flurry of criticism when it became known that German firms, underbidding American steel companies, had been or were about to be awarded contracts. Ickes’ letter said: “Let me, first of all, tell you in no uncertain terms that it is not the in- tention of the P. W. A. to permit the use of money voted by Congress for relief purposes to be used for the pur- ‘| chase of foreign materials,” He asserted also that identical bids on the Morehead City project by four American companies “constitutes at least some evidence of collusion.” Ickes in his press conference re- marks yesterday made no attempt to conceal his chagrin over this latest controversy. Reporters, eying & cup in his office, asked jokingly if it was made of Ger- man steel. Cup American Product. “Take your damned cup out, even if its only German silver,” he retorted, and then more quietly added the ex- planation that the trophy, which is to be presented to the winner of a de- partment tennis tournament, “is American, taken out of American sil- ver mines on an American ebony base.” Ickes modified his earlier assertion that Nathan Burkan, chairman of the Triborough Bridge Authority, was try- ing to “pass the buck,” and declined to start any trouble with Mayor La Guardia of New York. He explained that maybe Burkan wasn't responsible for a sub-contrac- tor'’s purchase of the steel. And al- though doubting that Le Guardia had authority to forbid use of the ma- terial, he asked: “What's the use of | getting into an argument?” 'DUCHESS ANASTASIE DIES AT AGE OF 67 Widow of Grand jcholas ‘Was Famous Fi; St. Petersburg Court.” By the Associated Press. CAP D'ANTIBES, France, Novem- ber 15.—Grand Duchess Anastasie of Russia, 67, widow of Grand Duke Nicholas and sister of the Queen of Italy, died today at her home in the French Mari- time Alpe The grand duchess, once a famous figure in the Couft of St. Petersbitg, was a daughter of Nicolas 1. King of Montenegro, and was first married to Prince George Roman- ovsky, Duke of Leuchtenberg. That marriage ended by decree rand Duchess Anastasie. in 1906. | A year later she became the wife | of Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia, commander in chief of the Imperial | Russian Army during the World War. After the Russian revolution, the grand duke and duchess spent most of their time at Cap D'Antibes. He died in 1929. Onion Growers Weep. Egyptian onion growers are weeping | over the loss of the American market, | due to the United States’ new import duty. Irvin S. Cobb Says: Prosperity Returns for Few As Others Shiver Across the Tracks SANTA MONICA, Calif., November 15.—Good times are certainly coming back—at least to the fur business. I hear prices are 50 high that only the wealthier minks can afford their own skins; the I went to & party and nearly every woman there was up to her ears in er- mine or chin- chilla or silver fox or some other very exclusive peltry. There was one large lady who had on at least three kinds of ve wild animals. If somebody had left the door open, her wrap would have stolen right back to the 200, And as for diamonds—well, I kept thinking of the ice coming out of the Hudson River in a January thaw. With the smallest bracelet there you could have bought considerable soft coal for those folks across the track who have the bad taste to go around shivering when a cold snap comes on. being visited on a favored few, it could be passed around in smaller helpings for one and all? This thought is not exactly original with me. It started when the strongest caveman grabbed the cosiest cave and snatched 1035 bx the North American Alliance, la¢.) 'y