Evening Star Newspaper, November 15, 1935, Page 12

A—12 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. £ WASHINGTON, D. C. FRIDAY ......... +...November 15, 1935 — THEODORE W. NOYES. frm e e e e et S e The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Buildini European Office: 14 Regent St.. London. Engiand.” Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. pe Evening Star_._ 'he Evening and Sund (when 4 Sundays) The Evenine and Sunday Star (when 5 Sunday: The 8u:day Star-.. 3 Night ight Pinal and Sunday Star....70c per month e i nal St e , Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Na- tional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily and Sunday. .. $10.00; Daily only yr.. St Bunday only Al Other States and Datly and .. $12.00 yr. 3800 1 $5.00: 45¢ per month -60c per month 65¢ per month Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispaiches credited to it or not otherwise credited in this Paper and also the local news published herein. All ‘rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. = e The New Commonwealth. A new nation came into being today with the establishment at Manila of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. After four hundred years a native government undertakes the administration of affairs of the islands. After thirty-seven years of American rule, which was a consequence of the war with Spain, the former possessor of the islands, the United States relinquishes this responsi- bility. The ceremonies at Manila, fol- Jowing a long preliminary of congres- sional legislation and insular preparation, mark the beginning of the new responsi- bility resting upon the people who have been under American tutelage since 1898. In his proclamation President Roose- velt formally deelares the end of the American rule and the institution of the government of the Commonwealth., This proclamation does not refer to the fact that a period of ten years must elapse before the establishment of self rule in the islands is permanent. The Secretary of War, however, present in his official capacity as the head of the department under which the insular affairs have been administered during this tutelary period, noted the fact that under the conditions of the legislation which opened the way to complete Philippine independence a period of ten years must elapse before that status is to be finally established. In his speech at Manila Secretamy Dern stated, doubtless with the authority of the President, that the ten-year trial time is necessary “in order to launch the Philippine Republic under the mast fa- vorable auspices and provide an adequate gafeguard for the interests both of the American and the Filipino people.” In the new President and Vice Presi- dent of the Philippines, the first ever named to those titles and responsibilities, the islands have men of ability and ex- perience. President Quezon and Vice President Osmena have labored long and steadfastly for the emancipation of the islands from American rule. They have been chosen for the posts of highest honor by the vates.of the people for terms of six years. President Quezon has served as delegate for the islands in Washington and also as a member and Jeader of several commissions seeking the establishment of independence, the last of which was finally successful. His qualifications for this new responsi- bility are manifest. He will be faced with many problems, complex and difficult. The advice and the assistance of the ‘American Government will be at his service and he will doubtless avail him- sclf of them. The best wishes of the American peo- ple go to the Philippines for the success of this adventure in self mule. At no time since the necessities of war com- pelled entrance into those waters and ultimate undertaking of insular admin- istration has the United States desired or sought the exploitation of the people or the lands of the archipelago. The dangers and the difficulties of complete home. rule far the islands have delayed this grant of opportunity which was today celebrated at Manila. There is no thought or desire here for a failure of insular autonomous government. On the contrary, the “best wishes” of the United States are that the Commonwealth of the Philippines will pass the trial time ‘suc- cessfully and that its flag will fly con- tinuously in the future in token of peace and prosperity and happiness. —_————————— Ethiopians lure Italian tanks into the Jungle and discover that tanks can travel more safely than pedestrians. ——r—————— One of the economic problems is to keep the great American dollar in lofty finance and out of the underworld. = s A Governor’s Bet. Things have come to a pretty pass if the Governor of a State cannot, with- out threat of penalty, bet on the result of a foot ball game between the team of the university of his own State and the university team of an adjacent State. ‘What price loyalty to the Common- wealth? What is to become of the good- old-Whoosit spirit if the State's leading citizen cannot indorse his faith in the prowess of the team with a wager? ‘Whether in plain cash or in fancy stake in the form of a giant porker, a bet is a bet, however, and the Iowa gambling statutes list betting as a misdemeanor and set the penalty as a fine of $500 or a jail term up to one year or both. In this case the Governor of Iowa made his bet with the Governor of Min- nesota, staking a 265-pound porker against a consideration which the news reports have not clearly defined. The Jowa team lost the game and the porker has been delivered under personal escort of the losing Governor. A municipal court judge in the Iowa capital has signed a warrant for the Governor's errest on information filed by the secre- tary of the Social Justice Club. Now the Governor of Iowa is wondering if in 3 | courts, Judge Hamilton says, the | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, event of his conviction—which would seem to be most likely in view of the publicity attendant upon the wager—he will be justified in writing out a pardon for himself. Surely if he were merely fined the loyal rooters of Iowa State would doubtless make up the purse and pay the penalty, and if he were com- mitted to jail there would be no lack of substitutes offering to serve in his stead. Meanwhile, the most unpopular man in both States is the secretary of the Social Justice Club of Des Moines, who has dared to challenge the right of the Gov- ernor to indorse his faith in the home team substantially. Guffey Act Upheld. The Guffey coal act, setting up a code of operation for bituminous mining and giving the established commission the power to control wages and to fix prices, has been held constitutional by Judge Elwood Hamilton in the Federal District Court in Louisville. His opinion, if sus- tained by the higher courts, is far-reach- ing. It establishes a theery of govern- ment under which there seems no limit upon the Federal authority. For Judge Hamilton asserts that Congress has the power to regulate wages and prices in any industry which it may regard as bearing on interstate commerce. The may not review such a conclusion if the facts support it. In his opinion Judge. Hamilton lays ‘ular stress upon the “general wel- of the Constitution. “Gen- eral welfare” appears both in the pre- amble of the Constitution and in Section 8 of Article I. In the preamble the Con- stitution is declared to be ordained and established to “promote the general wel- fare” with other things. In Section 8 of Article I Congress is given the power to levy and collect taxes to “pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States.” The Supreme Court of the United States has not yet defined the limits to which the Congress may go in legislating under this language. There are indications that the Roosevelt ad- ministration plans to lay great stress on the so-called “general welfare” clause of the Constitution in its defense here- after of the New Deal acts that have been attacked in the courts. The opinion of Judge Hamilton dealing with the Guffey eoal act is not only «n line with the contention that the Federal Govern- ment may go far under this clause, but also should give the administration hope. How the Supreme Court of the United /States will look at the Guffey coal act, when and if it reaches that tribunal, is another matter. In the light of the court’s unanimous decision last Spring that the N. R. A, with its codes, is un- constitutional, it has seemed improbable that it would uphold the Guffey coal act. It may be that the mining of bituminous coal may recommend itself to the court as of greater public interest than the slaughter of chickens, which was involved in the Shechter N. R. A. case, and that it affects interstate commerce to a greater degree. Sooner or later decision must be made as to whether or not the powers granted to Congress to regulate interstate commerce are confined to what actually occurs in interstate com= merce. If not, then as every activity of the people or a group of people may be considered to have some degree of in- fluence on interstate commerce there seems no limit whatever to the power of Congress to control those activities. Judge Hamilton points to coal mining as a sick industry, with much unem- ployment and with frequent conflicts between operator and miner. The States, he contends, cannot regulate this indus- try by legislation. What States cannot do to aid in the general welfare the Federal Government should not be pre- cluded faom doing. It may be suggested in this connection, however, that other industries in this country have been sick and have produced strife between labor and capital. The country has seen great textile strikes, for example, and strife and bitter fighting in the garment- making industry and on the part of the longshoremen. The great question which must be determined eventually is whether the Federal Government is to step in to control all such activities or whether there are to be limits of control. The Federal regulation of one industry on the theory that such regulation pro- motes the general welfare and that the industry has a bearing on or affects interstate commerce will certainly be followed by the demand for Government regulation of other industries. ——————.———————— While the world is talking of gold, German industry still has a message for bridge builders concerning plain old- fashioned steel. Tory Victory in Britain. If “news” were forthcoming that the Dutch had taken Holland, it would be about as surprising as the results of the elections for the British House of Com- mons. In other words, the expected has come to pass. The Conservative-coh= trolled National government still holds the fort against an opposition consisting overwhelmingly of Labor members, who will increase their strength in the new Parliament to double their previous num=- ber, if not more. Prime Minister Bald- win will be supported by a majority & somewhere between 150 and 200, made up of Conservative, National Labor and Na- tional Liberal adherents. Such a margin represents a tremendous slump from the majority of 412, predominantly Tory, with which the government has held sway since the 1931 election, but it is ample for Mr. Baldwin’s purposes and assures him smooth sailing in the execu- tion of his foreign and domestic policies. Complete returns, which are sure to re- veal a heavy falling off in the Conserva=- tive popular vote, will alter the final fig- ures, but the general picture—the gov- ernment safe in the saddle and a sub- stantial accretion of Labor strength— will not be materially altered. John Bull still plights his faith in Tory rule. ‘With no fundamental changes in the parliamentary - situation resultant from the vote, interest is aroused chiefly by ) some of its personal aspects. The defeat of former Prime Minister Ramsay Mac- Donald in his old colliery constituency of Seaham is indicated. Sir Herbert Samuel, leader of the late Liberal oppo- sition, fell by the wayside in Lancashire. His disappearance from the House, along with the bulk of his supporters, opens the way for David Lloyd George to aspire to the Liberal captaincy at the head of the anti-government remnant which recognizes the little Welshman as its chief. Labor, as the second strongest party, becomes the spearhead of ‘“his majesty’s loyal opposition,” and, be- cause of its vastly augmented numbers, will now dream of another term of office in Downing Street after one more ses- sion at the polls. Lady Astor again thwarted the Labor threat and will con- tinue to scintillate in Commons as the Conservative member for Plymouth, henceforward with her son as a party colleague. It will presently develop whether the election is destined to have any influ- ence on the international situation. Mussolini has been reported in mood to stiffen his resistance to Britain in the Mediterranean and Ethiopian questions if the Baldwin majority were heavily cut, on the theory that the prime min- ister could no longer reckon on strong popular approval of his Italian policy. There were concurrent rumors that, with the election over and won, the govern- ment’s attitude would be relaxed suffi- ciently to permit a settlement of the African conflict on terms favorable to the Fascists. These suggestions leave out of account that the Labor party and the British electorate as a whole are on record in favor of vigorous support of League sanctions and stern resistance to the aggression Italy is committing at Ethiopia’s expense. Reinstated with an unmistakable man- date on this score, together with author- ity to expand national defense, the Baldwin government is altogether un- likely to recede from the program of collective action to impose peace upon the Italians and to force them to adjust their controversy with Ethiopia within the framework of the League. —_—a———— In considering British attitudes in in- ternational affairs it cannot be forgotten that England has learned local politics in many lands and various languages. —— e ‘While cheap steel purchased abroad is being criticized some bargain hunter might demand a little label which tells where her shoes were made. e r——————— Banking is a science which baffles the person whose day is made happier if he can deserve a pleasant smile from the note teller. _— The ballet is exhibited as an influence of Russian art without due credit to the fact that it was perfected under czaristic influence. —_——e—————— Selassie is a game fighter, but sporting odds indicate a belief that he is no Joe Louis. e . <3 ‘ Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Word Co-ordination. “What is the difference,” folks are in- quiring, “'Twixt theories that may arise?” Of one word we learn to be very admiring When another will bring us surprise. One word’s an assemblage of pictures, called letters; Another’s a sound, nothing more. And sometimes we yawn in the face of our betters And say “We have mej it before!" “Socialism’s” a term with a genial sug- gestion; “Communism” grim. Words range from the Spartans pro- pounding & question, "Way back through antiquity dim. A word with the greatest of care we unmuzzle. Small meaning perhaps we may trace, But we hope, as we study life's old cross- word puzzle, It will fill its particular space. is something more Uncertain Future. “Did you say you would not be a can- didate for a presidential nomination?” “Yes,” answered Senator Sorghum, “but events cannot be accurately foretold. What I said announced an immediate impression. It cannot be regarded as a prophecy.” Jud Tunkins says once a candidate always & candidate. Even if elected there is the hope of a still better job. Emotion. Now what do I care for the meaning implied By some loud and impassioned oration? Now what do I care for the pomp and the pride Of a gaudy campaign demonstration? Now what do I care for a modernized view Concerning the worth of a dollar— For excitement I yearn! What I'm long- ing to do Is to stand on the sidewalk and holler! Half and Half. “Do you think we should keep out of war?” “Emphatically,” said Miss Cayenne. “If there must be wars, they should at least be limited to one hemisphere at & time.” ‘The Disciplined Laugh. At weddings you should never smile, Nor funerals or wakes; You should not laugh at human guile Nor at our queer mistakes. For youth must give us serious men To answer duty’s call; Until you're told just how and when ‘You must not laugh at all! Let the Morning Stars Sing Together for Washington To the Editor of The Star: The objection or criticism most fre- quently made against the Community Chest by prospective contributors is that it includes many agencies or activities which are not in a true sense charities, and hence should not be supported by the community as a whole. ‘There probably is no diversified group in which you could find unanimity of opinion as to what institutions should be included and what should be omitted from the Chest. It is, therefore, quite conceivable that no particular agency would commend itself to the entire pub- lic, and by a process of elimination, based on minority objections, we would soon find ourselves in the position of having to undertake 65 campaigns (or an aver- age of five and one-half monthly), as against one short intensive campaign, as at present. If the average contributor gave but 50 cents to half of each of these 65 campaigns, he would be measurably worse off financially than he is under the present arrangement, where the average contribution to each agency is considerably less than 25 cents. Surely, 25 cents given to only a partly worthwhile charity is not money un- wisely spent, particularly when you con- ider that any panhandler is likely to Sit 10 cents from you without much he¥sitation. True, giving to a dozen chari- ties in which you wholeheartedly believe gives you more self-satisfaction than giv- ing to five dozen in many of which you may have no interest. But money, like water, tends to equalize itself. If I put $10 into the Chest with the desire that it go to organization A and you put $10 in with the expectation that it be used by B, the fact that mine may go to B and yours to A does not in the least alter or affect the essential good done. Also worthy of consideration is the fact that which institutions should be mem- bers of the Chest and which should not be is, after all, a matter of wise judg- ment, and most assuredly we can rely upon the enlightened outlook, experi- ence and knowledge of our civic work- ers, philanthropists and communal leaders. In an enterprise seeking the greatest good of the greatest number, it is well to cast aside objections and criticisms which only tend to retard, and to remem- ber that the greatest melody ever heard was “when the morning stars sang to- gether.” May I, in this connection, express my highest commendation of the splendid work you are doing in this noble cause. HERMAN FELTER. Ample Proof of Reality Of Elizabeth Keckley 10 the Editor of The Star In the issue of The Evening Star for Monday, November 11, 1935, there ap- peared an article entitled, “Bizarre Lin- coln Story is Traced,” etc., by the Asso- ciated Press, In this article “Behind the Scenes,” by Elizabeth Keckley, is discussed by David Rankin Barbee, who states that his researches had convinced him that there was “no such person at all” as Elizabeth Keckley. I beg to inform him that for over 30 years, I too, have been a close student of Lincoln and also of the period pertaining to his death: and besides have in my possession some of the rarest items per- taining to the assassination period. As I have made an extensive study of Mrs. Keckley and her book, I beg to state to Mr. Barbee and Mr. V. Vola Arma, curator of the rare book room of the Library of Congress, that Mrs. Keckley was a very intelligent and cul- tured woman of her day. Her contacts with customers had made her a splendid example of manners and grace, and her personality had won for her the closest friendship of Mrs. Lincoln. Mrs. Keckley ran a very large sewing business in Washington and trained many_of her race as seamstresses. Some of these women are still alive, as are scores of persons whom I can name who were familiar with her and her book. Due to her own anxiety to obtain funds to help Mrs. Lincoln, she yielded to agents of the Carlton Co., publishers of New York, and told about the most intimate inside life of the White House. It may be possible that George Alfred Townsend probably knew of the plots to obtain the inside story and possibly that Mrs. Swisshelm was the agent who per- suaded Mrs. Keckley to write the manu- script and probably was the one to re- arrange the matter in good form and English for the publishers. As “Behind the Scenes” was recalled from the market and all available copies bought up by Mr. Lincoln’s friends, and as many persons were anxious to read the facts, I can readily see how Mrs. Swisshelm saw an opportunity to put the same facts before the public in her book, “Half Century,” and how not only the facts, but the very language and style would be identical. Mrs. Keckley lived to be very old and died, I am told, in the Old Folks and Children’s Home at Eighth and Euclid streets northwest, some time before the World War began. It seems to be the trend of present-day writers, years after the death of people, to doubt their very existence. During Mrs. Keckley's lifetime no one came forward to challenge the authorship of the book that she wrote, and in 1868-69, when the criticisms were strongest against her, she never denied her author- ship of “Behind the Scenes,” but took full responsibility for its exposures, claiming that her reason was to obtain funds to assist Mrs. Lincoln to repay her for her many acts of kindness while Mr. Lincoln was alive and she prosperous. J. E. WASHINGTON, r——— First Book for Children On the National Capital To the Editor of The Star: In the column, “About Well-Known Folk in Books, Art, Politics,” in Sunday’s Star, Robert Crawford refers to a forth- coming book by Mrs. Roosevelt. This book is to be entitled “About the City of Washington” and the article con- tinues: “So far as is known this is the first time children have been honored by a book all their own dealing with the Nation’s Capital.” I beg to call attention to a volume entitled “Washington, D. C., the Na- tion's Capital,” from the pen of Frances Margaret Fox, published by Rand, McNally & Co., in 1929, a book for chil- dren and dedicated to three children of Washington. ROSE C. HALL. Cleanliness Inspires A Revision of Keats To the Editor of The Star: Certain cleansing operations going on at the northwest corner of Eleventh and the Avenue (not to mention any names) remind one of Keats' line, revised as follows: “Bright Star, would I were sandblasted as thou art!” Awkward Question. Prom the Springfield (Mass.) Repu Gen. Goering, Prussian premier, thinks that Hitler has saved Germany from being & “second Ethiopia.” But could a G 5, into such nnmof ‘Aryans' pg-nwm D. C, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1935. THIS AND. THAT " BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, An exceptionally long extended mild Autumn has given flower lovers unusual opportunity for sele¢ting such plants as they may desire to grow indoors this Winter. While such culture long has been associated with womankind, there is" no real reason in the world why any one should not be interested. ‘The home gardener who is not willing to give up his floral pets when Winter comes, and who yet is not satisfied with a few of the paper white narcissus in a bowl, will find that many things can be grown with pleasure indoors. A conservatory is not essential. Many plants will do nicely on & cool sun porch. Some care will be necessary, in removing them on unusually cold nights, or cov-. ering them with protective wrappings, perhaps, but, aside from that little trouble, not much is needed. * % ¥ x ‘What if failure looms? A plea may be made in this world for attempting something or other where success does not appear possible. After all, there is nothing quite like finding out something for one’s self, and in this very small province of flower growing there is much opportunity. Do not hesitate, therefore, about bring- ing any plant whatsoever into the house for Winter. Seek no special permission of Nature, or from your gardening friends, but do as you please, 5 You may surprise them and yourself. It is not often that annual flowers run into November a mass of bloom, as many of them did in local gardens. It is a nice experiment to take some of them indoors, just to see what they will do. Here is the blue ageratum, for instance, covered with flowers. It is seldom that on Armistice day one may pot some of these, in full bloom, and put them on a cool sun porch. It will be an interesting experiment, will it not? And one which almost any one could attempt, but it seems that the desire to experiment, in such matters, is really rare, So many persons never once think the thing possible, or, if you were to suggest it to them, would have 10 good reasons in as many seconds why the experiment was bound to fail. * k% % - The unheated sun porch comes in handy, in such cases, because it permits the transplanted things to have approxi- mately the same temperature as outdoors. Not as cool, by any means, but still the same conditions apply, especially in re- gard to moisture. Such unheated rooms approximate very closely the hygrometer readings of outdoors. It is in moisture content, of course, that the heated room or porch fails, in so far as indoor flower culture is concerned. Any one whose memory runs back to the 90s knows how easily the women of those days kept flowers in the house. Many a parlor window of that day sported a luxuriant growth of flowering plants and vines. K Not only were these results due to loving care, and much practical knowl- edge, in the main they came about be- cause homes were not so thoroughly heated then, It is real sport, if your mind is built that way, to take in petunia plants, marigolds, ageratum, various ferns, even wildflowers, in order to test their growth indoors. Many of the herbs can be treated in this way, with some prospect of success. Herbs in the kitchen window have been advocated in some quarters. and certain ones stand every chance of succeeding, unless they become too warm and espe- clally too dry. Right there is where one of the greatest difficulties in indoor gardening appears. The fine line must be drawn between too wet and too dry. By the time one experiments for a while, the plant may be either rotted or dried up. ‘Which one of these extremes is worse depends upon the plant, and its adapta- bility to indoor life. 0 There is this peculiarity about indoor growing, that much water in the soil does not seem to make up for the super-dry atmosphere usually experi- enced by the plants. Except for the cacti and other plants of similar nature, no plants whatever in any section of the world live, grow and thrive in air as dry as the usual home living room. While a normal relative humidity of 50 to 60 is advocated, the average living quarter of a modern home comes nearer to 30 points on a good quality hygrometer. Sometimes it is considerably lower. This is said to approximate a reading taken in the Sahara Desert; it will be realized that plants out of a damp tem- perate climate have a hard time of it. * % %X % The unheated but inclosed porch must be better than average living quar- ter, not only because the relative hu- midity is near to the plant’s own desires, but also because there is more of a varia- tion between day and night tempera- tures, yet not extreme enough to injure the plant except in very cold weather. ‘This variation is entirely natural and corresponds, in little, to the variation which humanity in this climate experi- ences by reason of changeable weather. Often one hears much “kicking” against our changeable climate, but in the main it is held by competent authority to be a good thing, since it keeps alive and in good condition the proper reflexes of the skin and organs, which might, in a more stable climate, be lacking. There is a tonic effect, in other words, in change. Plant life has this change constantly in the outdoors. It may be felt, then, that an unheated yet inclosed porch, which permits a varied temperature, but which holds it down somewhat, just as the milder temperatures of Spring and Summer prevent plant life from becom- ing too cold outdoors, is really suitable to most of the plants which one is tempted to take indoors at this time. The dormancy period of plant life must be considered. Most of us know very little about this and here is a good way to find out. If an annual plant, in good bloom, is taken into the house now, how long will it thrive? If a small plant of the old borage, just up and out from seed ripened last Summer, is transplanted into the house, will it grow as well as it would if it had not been put into the ground until next Spring? Such ques- tions plant lovers ought to try to answer for themselves. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. At almost the very moment Senator Borah was reaffirming at Chicago this week his determination to carry the trust-bust- ing issue into the Republican National Convention, Assistant Attorney General John Dickinson, head of the Anti-trust Division of the Department of Justice, was discussing the subject informally before the National Democratid Council, ‘Washington group of ardent New Deal- ers. Though, of course, favoring vigor- ous prosecution of flagrant infractions of the Sherman and Clayton laws, Mr. Dickinson does not share the Borah view that trust-busting is a panacea for the country’s economic ills, including high prices. Unless the Government can prove “oppression” or “intent” in anti-monopoly cases, Uncle Sam's trust-buster thinks, in light of Federal Court rulings, that such litigation is almost as much of a gamble as a horse race. Mr. Dickinson mentioned the failure of Supreme Court proceedings against the United States Steel Corporation as illustrating that the courts have not held mere bigness in a corporate set-up to be a violation of the law and ground for dissolution. In the constitutional convention at Phila- delphia in 1787 John Dickinson of Dela- ware once declared: “Experience must be our guide. Reason may mislead us.” The Assistant Attorney General is evi- dently a disciple of the theory espoused by the founding father whose distin- guished name he bears. * % * X Among the Democrats who heard Mr. Dickinson was & group of St. Louisans, headed by a man described as a political phenomenon—Bernard F. Dickman, first Democratic mayor of the Southwestern metropolis in 28 years. He was accom- panied by his corporation counsel, Charles M. Hay, famous Democratic orator, who identified himself as “the sole remaining dry in Missouri and perennial candidate for the United States Senate.” In the course of some after- luncheon pleasantries Mr. Hay tossed a brick in Gov. Landon’s direction by asserting that the “Topeka Coolidge” would never have come within a thousand miles of balancing the Kansas budget if “Roosevelt recovery” had not over- taken the farmers and the rest of the State. As proof that F. D. R.’s stock is booming in the Mark Twain country, Mr. Hay declared that all that’s neces- sary to win an election in St. Louis— whether for alderman or a new bond issue—is to “talk Roosevelt.” o X x Our military authorities, who believed the lt.aloJmSnplln conflict would pro- vide opportunity for study of modern warfare, think the campaign to date is a flop. There has been no large-scale fighting worthy of the name, the Fascists having nowhere met with anything savoring of resistance. It was expected in particular that hostilities would shed light on the present-day combat efficacy of aircraft. But if 11 Duce’s planes have done anything deserving of notice nothing has been heard of it hereabouts. As the Black Shirt army pounds toward Addis Ababa important scrapping may ensue. So far the battle lust of Haile Selassie’s warriors has proved a delusion. Everybody is wondering, too, where the Conquering Lion of Judah is keeping those hundreds of thousands of tribes- men yearning to do and die for Ethiopia. x K k% Bespite establishfnent of the Philippine Republic, one of the unofficial agencies long active on behalf of the independence movement will be perpetuated at Wash- ington. It is the Philippine Informa- tion Bureau, headed by Diosdado M. Yap. Mr. Yap, who was formerly asso- ciatetl with President Quezon and other prominent Manila politicos, completed his education in this country at North- western, Illinois and George Washington universities. A gifted speaker who has been heralded as “one of : 10 greatest living Filipino orators in English,” he has appeared frequently on American platforms. Mr. Yap's bureau will con- tinue to serve as a clearing house for all who are interested in Philippine- American relations. * x x ¥ Henry N. Brailsford, famous British author and publicist, is a visitor to ‘Washington during an American sojourn which includes speaking engagements at leading universities. In the course of a close-up of the New Deal he attended a White House press conference and marveled at the manner in which Presi- dent Roosevelt fences with his news- hungry callers. Mr. Brailsford is a mem- ber of the editorial staff of the cele- brated Liberal organ, the Manchester Guardian. An authority on international affairs, he has written books on the Near East, Socialism, the Soviet Union and the League of Nations. * k% x Picketing by radio is the newest thing under the industrial sun. Station WCFL, “The Voice of Labor,” at Chicago, recent- ly announced over its wave-length that a certain dentist was on the “unfair” list. The D. D. S. asked for a court in- Jjunction, but a county judge denied it, ruling that labor has a perfect right to “picket by air.” It's believed to be the first time the issue was ever raised. * ok x % ‘Washington newspaper correspondents, who specialize in analyzing politics and world affairs in general, are themselves now . being clinically X-rayed. The process has been undertaken by Leo C. Rosten, operating under a fellowship of the Social Science Research Council of New York. Mr. Rosten, an honor grad- uate of the University of Chicago, has studied at the London School of Eco- nomics and Political Science and traveled extensively in Europe. His purpose is to determine exactly what type of men and women is interpreting the Nation's news, judged by their training, back- ground, predilections and the professional and psychological factors that play a part in their respective activities. Mr. Rosten -describes his task as a purely scientific research which is steering clear of personalities and partisanship and concentrating exclusively upon efforts to examine and classify the elements and influences which enter into treatment of Washington news. He will devote the better part of a year to the work, and plans, in the course of it, to meet per~ sonally some 150' of the Capital’s scribes. * x % To the “Fighting Irish” has come some non-foot ball recognition from the New Deal. James D. Hayes, president of the Notre Dame Alumni Association of the District of Columbia, has just been ap- poinffd assistant solicitor of the Vet- erans’ Administration. He is a native of Indiana, entered the old Veterans' Bu- reau in 1919, immediately after service in the Army, and has since filled a num- ber of administrative posts in the big organization headed by Gen. Hines. (Copyright. 1935.) —_——— Models and Drivers. Prom the Cincjnnati Times-Star. The new improved models in auto- mobiles are now being announced. The same old unimproved drivers will operate Hopeful. Prom the South Bend Tribune. . Cigarette consumption is above the 1929 level and the cigaret borrowers, it is sald, never were more optimistic, The Hectic H's. Prom the San Antonlo Evening News. If there’s nothing in & name, is there anything in and nuflunlulit ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin, A reader can get the answer fo any question of fact by writing The Washing= ton Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing= ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Please give some information about the educational broadcasting station in Boston—H. D. A. WIXL, Boston, Mass., is supporte entirely without advertising as I:nm: commercial station in the interest of widespread education and enlightenment, The programs are presented over the facilities of WIXL by the World Wide Broadcasting Foundation, a non-profit corporation. The academic series, on Tuesdays and Thursdays, has been de- veloped through the co-operation of the Boston Center for Adult Education. Q. How old is the comic feature, “the Gumps,” by the late Sidney Smith?— JEKP A. Mr. Smith created “the “Gumps” in 1917. He is said to have been the first cartoonist to have one of his char acters die and was the first to sign a million-dollar contract. Q. What writer referred to New York as Bagdad-on-the-Subway?—E. H. A. The expression originated in the writings of O. Henry. Q. When was the original prison of Sing Sing built?—A. J. A. Construction was started in 1825 and the first cell block completed in 1830. The first contingent of prisoners was moved into the present Sing Sing, then called Mount Pleasant, in 1828, when 100 prisoners under Capt. Elam Lynds arrived from Auburn Prison. Q. How old is the Statue of Liberty and what part did the Masonic Order take in the laying of the corner stone?—M. M. A. The Statue of Liberty will celebrate its semi-centennial birthday, October 28, 1936. It was on October 28, 1886, that the great monument was erected on its pedestal on Bedloe's Island. The corner stone of the pedestal was laid August 5, 1885, by the Masonic Grand Lodge of New York. Q. What are the married names of the Langhorne sisters?—B. N. A. The three beautiful Langhorne sis- ters of Virginia are Lady Nancy Astor, Mrs. Charles Dana Gibson and Mrs, Robert H. Brand. Q. Who founded Mount Holyoke Col- lege?—W. J. A. Mary Lyon (1797-1849) became in- terested in the higher education of wom- en, and her enthusiasm stimulated the interest of several influential men to such purpose that in 1837 Mount Holyoke Female Seminary was opened in South Hadley, Mass. For 12 years she served as its principal. Q. At what age was Mel Ott signed by the Giants?—J. H. A. Mel Ott was signed by the New York Giants in 1925 when he was only 16 years old. Q. How many calories age there in & glass of skimmed milk?—W. B. A. There are approximately 80 calories in a glass of skimmed milk. Q. Please give a biography of Queena Mario, singer.—H. S. A. Born in Akron, Ohio, she is the daughter of James and Rose (Carewe) Tillotson. She was educated at the Ogontz School and in 1925 married Wilfred Pelletier, orchestra conductor. Prima donna, Metropolitan Opera, and voice teacher at the Curtis Institute of Music, she is also author of “Murder at the Opera.” Her debut was in “Tales of Hoffman” as Antonia and she has sung in leading o~ -3 houses in Europe and America. Q. What is the Mazarin Bible and why is it so called?—A. A. A. The Mazarin Bible, by which title the Gutenberg Bible of 1450 was known, was so named on account of the first copy being found in the library of Car- dinal Mazarin of France. It includes the 14 books of the Apocrypha, including the Wisdom of Solomon, and Ecclesi- .asticus, or the Wisdom of Sirach. Q. Where is the Guadalupe River? —M. B. A. This river rises in the Edwards Plateau, Tex., and flows 300 miles south- east to the San Antonio & few miles above San Antonio Bay. Q. Who are the Kurds?—E. B. A. They are a Moslem people widely scattered over a large area of Southeast Turkey, North Irak and West Persia. There are approximately 1,500,000 of them and they are close ethnically to the Persians. Both pastoral and agrie cultural, they have gained an unenvi- able reputation for their part, probably greatly exaggerated, in the massacre of Christians in Syria and Armenia. Q. What is a Morris dance?—R. D. A. This was a grotesque dance, popular in England in the fifteenth century and later, in which the dancers usually repre- sented characters from the Robin Hood stories. It was brought from Spain in the reign of Edward III and was origi nally a military dance of the Moors, or Moriscos, hence its name. Q. Are many of the pilots of Army airplanes commissioned officers?—L. H. P. A. Probably 85 per cent of Regular Army pilots are commissioned officers. There are two or three warrant officers who hold pilot’s licenses. P Q. Is coral white, pink or red origi- nally?>—W. L. P. A. The coral of commerce is of several different types, having different colors naturally. The coral used in jewelry and for ornaments is not artificially col- ored. Precious coral is feund widespread on the borders and around the islands of the Mediterranean Sea. It differs from the common coral by its red or pink shade, ordinary coral being white, A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Halcyon Dusk A foggy dusk; an hour imbued With visions unattained, When man’s low spirits seem to brood On summits never gained, The wind blows eerily. The rain falls drearily. A stormy dusk; the restive brain Constructs, creates and plans, Finding no vaunted dream in vain For the desired spans. ‘The gales blow gustily The rain falls lustily, A halcyon dusk; the heart at peace With earth and heaven above Finds a sublime and calm release In unison with love, No winds blow stridently-