Evening Star Newspaper, October 18, 1935, Page 4

A4 o BRITAIN MAY RULE [TALIANS IN EGYPT Right of Separate Trials to Foreigners May Be Ended at Cairo. By the Associated Press. CAIRO, Egypt, October 18.—In- formed sources said today temporary abolition of Egyptian capitulations, under which Americans and other foreigners may be tried for offenses only by representatives of their own governments, is being discussed by ‘British and Egyptian officials. A bulletin published by the English newspaper, the Egyptian Mail, re- ported: “The Egyptian government is intending to announce officially its participation in enforcement of san- tions after a cabinet meeting October 23. It is believed it probably will de- cide upon temporary abolition. of eapitulations.” The Mail's report was described by an authoritative source as “partially true, but premature.” It was understood the surrender of eapitulations would be intended pri- marily to direct British control over the large Italian population in Egypt, totaling 120,000. Hope U. S. Will Favor Plan. The Briitsh were understood re- liably to hope this move would be agreeable to such powers as the United States and France, entirely as a tem- porary measure. Capitulation was suspended once before, in 1914, due to military neces- sities. The temporary measure is an issue of prime importance in negotiations between Sir Miles Lampson British high commissioner, and Premier Tew- fik Nessim Pasha, it was indicated in an article in Al Mokattam, organ of the Wafd, an organization which rep- resents 90 per cent of the Egyptian voting public. *‘We know from previous official ne- gotiations that the minimum perma- nent limit to which the British gov- ernment is prepared to go is to under- take to use all its influence with the powers to accept transference of juris- diction of the consular courts to mixed courts,” this publication said. “What is more likely is that the subject of discussion is temporary sus- pension of capitulations.” Were All Allies in 1914. Al Mokattam pointed out capitula- tory powers did not object to suspen- gion in 1914 because they were allies of Great Britain, but intimated that nations joining Britain in sanctions against Italy could hardly be con- sidered similarly as “allies.” The Egyptian press heaped criti- Upper: G _STAR, ITtalian cavalry consisting of Ethiopian natives (Askaris) rushing forward under smoke of battle to take Aduwa. Lower: A troop of native dtalian infantry as it advanced on Aduwa. WASHINGTO! C, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1935 These pictures, taken by photographers without regard to danger, were rushed by air to Rome, telegraphed to New York. Compensation (Continued From F‘lrsfit?l-’rage) remuneration for such services are held to be employers under the act. Contractors who pay wages or re- the District, regularly employes on n‘ ment s exempt. The same applies to London and shipped from London —Wide World Photos. 'vorked, the number agreed to should permament basis certain foremen who to employment of a father or mother 'be entered on the return. work on jobs in Maryland, Virginia or the District, as the need may be. “It is not readily apparent where they customarily perform their work,” said Prettyman and Marshall. “They | will be deemed to perform the greater | part of their work at the residence of | muneration to one or more individuals | the employer, in this instance within eism on Premier Nessim, for fear he |{Or services performed for them are (ne pisgrict” was not obtaining adequate conces- | sions from the British, such as a | promise of eventual military evacu- ation and restoration of the consti- tution and Parliament, in return for | supension of capitulations. For the first time since the 1919 | revolution some sections of the press | hinted at “danger of revolt.” The English-language Egyptian Ga- zette, using this term, said: “Procras- tination may lead to the same mistake | committed in 1919.” The newspaper Al Siyassa said: “An | uprising is likely to occur if the peo- | ple continue to be kept in the dark,” | and the Kowkab El Sherk joined in | the same theme. — . War 4Co}1tinued From Pirst Page) | after a hostile demorf®ration outside | Vinci's house.) | Warriors Rushed to Front. The Emperor abandoned his passive | stand today and hastened his war- | riors to the front. The minister of War, Ras Mulu- | gheta, arranged to leave by airplane tomorrow for Dessye, troop concen- tration point in the heart of the empire. “If until now I did not order the manpower of the nation to the front it was because I hoped the League of Nations would save the empire from attack” the Emperor said after a review yesterday of thousands of his ‘warriors. Only meager reports continued to trickle in from the war sections. These indicated that Gen. Emilio de Bono, Italian commander in chief on the northern front, concentrated more on desultory bombing raids than on throwing his full forces against the hordes of Ras Seyoum, Ethiopian | eommander in the north. From the southern front came only reports that rain in the usually bar- ren Ogaden Province sector was hold- ing up the Fascist advance out of Italian Somaliland. ITALIANS RETREAT SAFELY, Column Cut Off in Desert Reaches Eritrea After Hard Fight. DJIBOUTI, French Somaliland, October 18 (Havas)—An Italian column isolated in the Ethiopian desert north of French Somaliland Tegained Eritrea today after hard fighting. The Italians, anticipating dissaffec- tion by Ras Yayou, Sultan of Aussa, had intended to reach the Aouache River and establish a base. They failed to reach their goal. Ethioplans were energetically hold- ing Mount Mussa Ali and protecting the Aussa plain. LIBYA IN WAR PICTURE. By the Associated Press. ROME, October 18.—A vast area of Northern Africa was drawn today into the warlike picture which hitherto has been confined largely to Ethiopia. Reliable sources reported barbed wire entanglements were stretched along the frontier of Italy’s North African possession of Libya, where thousands of troops have been sent, for “security against native elements along the Egyptian border.” The new barricade between Libya and Egypt, now a nominally inde- pendent kingdom but once a British protectorate, was reported to extend 400 kilometers (249 miles). Simultaneously, Italians at home assailed the British government for its refusal to consider withdrawing its naval reinforcements from the Medi- terranean, in response to a French sug- gestion, unless Italy reduced its Libyan garrison. Numerous Italian ships sailing this week with more than 16,000 troops to Join the army of Gen. Emilio de Bono, commander in chief on the Northern Ethiopian front, were instructed to take on sufficient fuel and supplies for |and discharges the employes {has the right to direct and control ployed. held subject to the law, and subcon- tractors, in like situations, also are held to be employers under the act. The question of who should pay the unemployment compensation contri- butions in cases where there are con- tractors and subcontractors would be decided by determning (1) who hires (2) who the manner in which the work of the employe is performed, and (3) who actually pays the salary or wages wf the employe. Employers engaged in operation of agricultural establishments, farms, nurseries and dairies are held subject to the law. Clubs are found to be employers of their regular staffs and of casual em- ployes employed by the club, but the clubs are declared not to be the em- ployer of caddies who are paid by| patroons and work under the direc- tion of the patron. Route Agents Employers. Route managers for newspapers are held to be the employers of newsboys “employed” by them. Newsboys who buy papers and resell them are not | “employes” of the newspaper publisher, but newsboys who are employed by the publisher either on wage or com- mission basis are held to be employes of the publisher. Consuls and other representatives of foreign governments, except ambas- sadors and ministers, are termed em- ployers within the meaning of the act, unless exempt under specific treaties. Officers and directors of corporations are not regarded as em- ployers of individuals serving the cor- porations under contracts of employ- ment. The Public Utilities Commis- sion of the District was termed not an_employer. Where an individual performs serv- ices for two br more employers during the same period, both are held to be employers and contributions would be | computed on the basis of their re- spective weekly or monthly payments to the individual. List Not Subject to Act. Prettyman and Marshall listed the following as being services not subject to the District act: Services by physicians, lawyers, den- tists, veterinarians, contractors, sub- contractors, public stenographers, auc- tioneers and other individuals, firms or associations, who or which follow a regular and distinct trade, business or profession in the course of which they offer their services to the public to be performed independently of the control of the employer: A concert artist or a lecturer, etc., who appears for a limited program or programs, under engagement with & local concern, where the contract is not one of hire; Directors of corporations who per- form no other service for the corpo- ration; Members of partnerships for asso- ciations, whether with or without drawing accounts; Drivers of vehicles or operators of equipment who rent or lease such ve- hicles or equipment and who are not under contract of hire; Members of religious, educational, charitable or fraternal orders or or- ganizations whose services are per- formed without contracts of hire; and Individuals on public relief whose services are performed on work projects. Examples of Employment. Prettyman and Marshall gave a number of examples to explain the rule that employers are subject to the act If the greater part of the serv- ices of their employes are performed within the District. For example: A building contractor hires a crew of carpenters to build a house in Maryland. These carpenters are per- forming services at the location of the job, in this instance outside the Dis- trict. A building contractor resident in Maryland has a permanent’office in Washington, where certain clerks, draftsmen and a manager are em- “It is readily apparent that these employes customarily perform their services in the District, regard- less of the location of the employer’s several contract jobs. They will be experienced difficulty in obtaining | deemed to perform the greater part of necessary supplies at Suez, and that | their services within the District,” the they might be cut off entirely at any | two officials said. moment. A A bullding contracior, residest & round trip. Shipping sources said this order was Necessary because Italian ships had ~ The Washington Base Ball Club, | cited as another example, was held subject to the law as to members of its team. The officials said it would be | deemed that the team performed the greater part of their services “at the residence of the employer,” or within the District, applying the rule set up for cases where it was not readily ap- parent where the greater part of the services of employes in performed. To Include All Possible. Exemptions from the provisions of the act will be construed strictly, not extending them beyond the literal terms used by Congress, authors of the tentative rules stated. The pol- icy of the act is to bring within its benefits the greatest number of em- ployes in order to alleviate unemploy- | ment conditions to the maximum practical extent, Prettyman and Mar- | shall stated. Discussing the six stated exemptions | the tentative rules outlined the fol- lowing principles: i 1. All employes whose services are performed in or about the living quar- Lurl of the private home or residence of the employer or his family are exempt, provided such services are Iordlmrfly considered to be of a house- |hold nature. When the element of | business or profit enters, the institu- | tion ceases to be a “private home.” | If more than one person, not re- |lated to the family or individual | operating the house, obtains board or lodging or both in such home or | residence, it shall be deemed to be a boarding or rooming house as the case | may be, the board was advised. "Domestic Services Seen. Services in a “private home” deemed to be domestic are those of cooks, maids, butlers, valets, furnacemen, footmen, laundresses, gardeners, grooms, coachmen, kennelmen and chauffeurs of automobiles' for family use. But these services, if performed in private sanataria, hospitals, clubs, hotels, private schools, commercial offices or establishments of any nature are not to be exempt from the act. | 2. “Casual” labor not employed in | the course of the employer's trade or | business is exempt. The tentative rules state that labor is “casual” if it is occasional, incidental and occurs irregularly. Services performed for a fraternal organization in giving circus or benefit is deemed casual. Likewise services rendered to a home or wood, painting, papering, repairing, remodeling, constructions, etc., is deemed exempt. Others classed as casual were services rendered a house- holder by caterers, or musicians called in for special occasions, and services by_golf caddies to individuals. Labor performed “not in the course of the employer’s trade or business” was interpreted as labor “which does not readily appear to advance, promote or further the trade or business” of the employer. Services in Course of Trade. ‘The services listed in the following were deemed “in the course of trade or business” and subject to the law unless performed by a contractor or individual “who is independent of the control of the employer”: Extra employes or clerks, window washing, white-washing, painting, cleaning, repairing, remodeling to existing business property, construe- tion of addition to business property, Tepair of equipment used in the course of the employer’s trade or business, washing automobiles used in the course of the business, removing snow from entrance of business or office establishment, employment by busi- ness establishment or office of one to store coal, wood, etc., and employment of one by a doctor to operate his sutomobile while making professional calls. '.n;cfollmnng examples of labor “not in the course of trade or busi- ness” were listed: owner in occasional storage of coal | by a son or daughter. If a son or | daughter under 21 years of age is employed by mother or father the exemption also applies. U. S. Employment Exempt. 4. Services performed in the employ of the United States Government or any instrumentality of the United States are exempt. 5. Services performed in the employ of a member of Congress is exempt in so far as such services directly as- sist the member of Congress in carry- ing out his “legislative duties.” This was interpreted as exempting secre- taries and clerks, but not persons who may be engaged in connection with any private business or personal serv- ice. 6. The following employes of the District government were listed as exempt from provisions of the act: Officials of the public school system, public school teachers; members of the Police and Fire Departments and all officers and employes covered by the Government retirement act. The tentative rules state that | “wages” under the act include every kind of compensation payable for services performed under a contract |of employment. This was interpreted as including salary, wage, commis- sion, drawing account, gratuity, tip, bonus, allowance, pay, remuneration, hire and fee. The rules state it makes no difference by what time such com- | pensation is fixed, by the hour, day, ,week. half month, month, year “or whether no time is designated. as in | the case of a tip, bonus or commis- sion.” Method of Pay No Factor. Also, the tentative rules state: “It | makes no difference by what means | such compensation is paid, whether in money, goods, property, by note or other promise, by allowance for food, lodging, clothes, oil and gas, or by any other medium whatsoever.” Again, “It makes no difference whether such compensation is actually ! paid or not, so long 83 it is payable under the contract of employment.” | As to gratuities, the board was ad- | vised by its counsel and consultants |it is required to determine the aver- age amount of such gratuities gen- |erally received by an employe. The | board now is wholly without accurate 1or complete information upon which |to determine such average amounts, it said. Therefore, it was announced, until further notice the employers having employes customarily receiving gratui- | ties from patrons or customers would | be required to inquire each week on | pay day as to the amount of gratui- ties received by the employe and in- |Mude that amount as part of the | wages on the return to be filed with the board. Employers may require employes to make the notation of the amount of the gratuities received, or otherwise certify the amount. Rules are outlined for reports on compensation if paid in other forms than money and also as to control of reports on payment of bonuses, or the granting of funds to employes on drawing accounts and the granting of food, lodging or other values as wages. Prawing accounts are to be reported 8s to the actual amount advanced to employes. Want Hours of Employment. In order to calculate benefits which may be paid in unemployment com- Ppensation insurance, the board finds it necessary to have records on the hours of employment each week during the two years preceding the beginning of compensation payments. Employers therefore would be required to include in their returns a notation of the num- ber of hours which each employe is engaged during the week covered by the returns. A week is interpreted as & calendar week from Sunday morning to Satur- day night. If the employe Ras been engaged for more than 30 hours in each week or in any week covered by the return, & notation of “more than 30 hours” or “30 hours plus” in re- spect to the particular week, or all weeks, will be regarded as a sufficlent return of the hours of employment. It an employe is on sick leave with pay, or vacation with pay, he®vould be deemed to have been engaged in em- ployment for the number of hours he customarily would be engaged in earning sthe pay received by him for that period. Plece-Work Basis. If the employe is on a commission 2. If the employer and employe | cannot agree on the actual hours worked, the employer would make his GEN. BUTLER SEES SANCTIONS PERIL Ethiopian War Sideshow to “Racket” at Geneva, De- clares Retired Officer. By the Associated Press. NEWTOWN SQUARE, Pa., October 18.—Maj. Gen. Smedley D. Butler, calling Ethioplan warfare “sideshow maneuvers” compared to the states- men’s “racket” ‘at Geneva, declared today that League of Nations sanc- tions are dangerous. “If it were not for the League sanctions program,” the retired Ma- rine Corps officer said in an inter- view, “there would be only two na- tions involved right now—Great Brit- ain and Italy—instead of more than 50. “The United States can't keep out if Europe works up to a general war and if martial propaganda is fed to our people.” Arousing of Instincts. Volcing fear that too much atten- tlon to war movements might arouse American fighting instincts, he sald: “It takes a while to get the poor devils who have to do the dying worked up to it, but propaganda can do the trick—just as it did in 1916 and 1917. We voted for peace when we elected Wilson for a second term, but we went to war four months later. “Let our newspapers keep us in- formed on what the League diplo- mats are doing and we'll be able to see through the sham. There's more to it than what is going on in| Ethiopia. “Europe may maneuver around for two more years before it really gets started. They’ll have to let Germany get better armed and her troops better trained first. And the British, they've been talking peace so long they'll have to build up to it. “There’ll have to be a lot of ‘inci- dents’ Italy may have to sink a British ship. Then the English will get in. “England didn't object when Ger- many decided to rearm in violation of | the Versailles treaty. She didn't say anything when Japan took Manchuria. Cause for British Action. “But her own interests are at stake | in East Arfica, and so she's got the return as follows: If the employment | is full time—31 hours for a week or 6 hours for a single day; if the em- ployment is half day—15 hours for a week or 3 hours for a single day; if the employment is for evening hours only—10 hours for a week or two hours for a single da; In the case of casual employes, the employer would enter either the num- ber of hours for which he paid the employe, if the wage was paid on an hourly basis, or the approximate num- ber of hours during which the employe was actually working if the wage was not paid on the hourly basis, H. T. LEACH RETIRES; AT BUREAU 51 YEARS Veteran Printing Employe Never | Absent Nor Tardy in Over Half Century. Harry T. Leach, 1434 Harvard street, who entered the Government sertice | in 1884 as an apprentice in the Bu- reau of Engraving and Printing, has ! iy DEED Tetired after L“HE 51 years of serv- ice, during which ~ he was never late for work and never had one day of sick leave. Many of the veteran Federal employe’s friends attended a quiet ceremony held in his honor at the | bureau Wednes- day. Leach spent most of his serv- |1ce in the ink-making division of the bureau. He entered the service at a salary of $1 per day when the ink- making division was a part of -the printing division, but in May, 1900, the unit was made a separate division. | A month later, Leach was named as its foreman. He held this position until August 16, 1926, when he was made assistant superintendent of the divi- sion. : Officials said Leach collaborated with another man in compounding the formula for the printing inks used at the bureau during his early days of service there, Leach was & member of the “Old Washington Light Infantry” from 1889 to 1904. He is a great lover of sports and formerly played with the | bureau team in the old Departmental | League back in the 90's. Harry T. Leach Austria (Continued From First Page) | Austrian world empire, Starhemberg emerged from the lightning-like change in the complexion of the gov- ernment with even more authority than he enjoyed previously over the country’s internal affairs. The monarchists and farmers ap- parently lost most of the ground to the Starhemberg organization. An effort to win over the former Socialist, Theodore Znidaric, was indicated in his appointment as under secretary in the ministry of social administra- tion. ‘The prince issued a vigorous warn- ing to the remnants of his opposition, saying he hoped “self-seeking, quar- relsome elements would retire so as to spare him the-necessity of expelling them and disolving whole groups of The strictly controlled press of the nation praised the manner in which Schuschnigg faced realities. The question of further internal complications hinged partly on the actions of Fey, who has been minister of the interior. It was evident he was angry as he left the Ballhausplats after the changes had been deter- Spiritualists May Move Plant. CLEVELAND, October 18 (#).—Del- egates to the National Spiritualist As- sociation referred to committee last night a proposal to move the associa- tion’s publishing 1interests from Chi- cago to Morris Pratt Institute, White- Officials said the com- FIELDS SUPER DE LUXE HANDMADE GARMENTS Faces Inquiry PROSECUTION UNDER EM- BARGO STUDIED. HUGH 1 WELLS, One of the individuals said to be lable to prosecution if Martin Conboy, special assistant attorney general to push investigation, finds the United States embargo on munitions and war supplies was violated, Wells was president of the Tampa-New Orleans-Tampico Airline, which obtained permis- sion March 29 to fly four Curtiss- ‘Wright planes to Arica, Chile. The planes landed in Peru, however, and Peru, at the request of the United States, refused permission for them to leave. —Copyright A. P. Wirephoto. League to pull her chestnuts out of the fire. “There's only one test of sanctions: Will they keep Italy from taking | Ethiopia? Even economic sanctions won't do it. The people who make wars never have trouble getting the money to do it with, and there will be plenty of bootlegging of arms.” Java is today the world's chief source | of quinine. FIELDS CLOTHES at all times give you the utmost in fine woolens, smartest styles, and dependa- ble tailoring. And the result is that our business this season is beating all records. The publie knows QUALITY. Remember, price is what you pay— VALUE is what you get — or sometimes don’t get. At FIELDS you take no chances. A A A PLANSRISE IN"33 POTATO COST Surplus Removal and Far West Marketing Terms Decided On. | By the Associated Press. The A. A. A. aims to increase the price of the 1935 potato crop by ar- ranging to remove surpluses from regular commercial channels and working out a marketing agreement for the Far West. In announcing the plan, J. B. Hut- son, director of the A. A. A's potato division, said: “A substantial rise in the price to the grower of potaioes probably would cause the consumer to pay little more than he is paying at present. Part of General Plan. “This program 1s a part of a gen- eral plan designed to stabilize the price of potatoes over a period of seve | eral seasons. If we succed, the con- | sumers will be benefited instead of being injured.” | Included in the plan is a proposal | to divert surplus potatoes into live stock feed, flour starch or alcohol, aided by a Government subsidy. The | marketing agreement to control inter- state shipments will be placed in effect in Colorado, Idaho, Nebraska and | Wyoming if growers In those States approve, ‘ The A. A. A. has scheduled a series of public hearings throughout the Western States to discuss both the | marketing agreement and the diver- ; sion plan. No Tax Connection, A. A A officials emphasized that lthe effort to boost the price on this year’s crop had no specific connection with the compulsory tax control plan which becomes effective December 1 and applies on the 1936 crop. Under the division program, the A. A A would make payments to growers for diverting potatoes, the payments to equal 25 cents for each 100 pounds kept out of regular come mercial channels. At the outset paye ments would be limited to 10 per cent | of this year's crop, but the proportion might be increased later. No pay- ments would be made on culls or low grade potatoes. SUITS ~TOPCOATS OVERCOATS ASK ABOUT OUR LAY-AWAY PLAN It Will Interest You! $18:50, 52250 Handmade of those long-wearing HERCULES FABRICS. The super- quality clothes that any man will wear with pride. SEE OUR WINDOWS—The Style Show of the Town 722 14th w.