Evening Star Newspaper, May 23, 1935, Page 8

A8 wE THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. . THURSDAY, MAY .23, 1935. e e L it A At THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY.. .May 23, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company ‘Business Office: 11th St and Pennsylvania Ave, New. York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t gkllu Office: Lake Michigan Building. ropean Ofice, 14 Regent St.. London. nglal Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. e Evening Star_. ......45cper month e Evening and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundavs).... . 60cper month The Evening and Sunday Star (when b Sundays). 65¢ per month The Sunday Star . 5c¢ per copy Night Final Editlor Night Final and Sunday Star. Night Final Star.. ... .. 55cper month Collection made st 'the end of each month. Orders may be sent by mail or elephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Iy and Sunday .1 yr. $10.00: 1 mo.. & Pally and,Sunday -3 3 ¥50.00: 1 m sun:n only. . 5e 1yr. $4.00i 1 mo. 40c All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday. 1 yr., $12.00; 1 mo., Daily “only <ar.1 yr. $8.00: 1 mo.. = 75c Sunday only.. b0c $5.00: 1 mo.. Member of the Associated Press. 1.00 ¥ locsl news nublished herein. gh publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved —_—e The Welfare of the Nation. Those who seck the unvarnished | facts as to reasons why the bonus bill should not be enacted into law Wwill | find them in the President’s excep- tionally fine message to the Congress yesterday explaining his veto, The message takes high rank among state | papers and represents the President | at his best. Dealing with a subject in which emotion plays such large pat, he was calmly dispassionate, never more courteous to his opponents and skillful in the logical arrangement of his argument. That the speech and all it repre- | sented were immediately ignored by | the House in its vote to override was neither unexpected nor in any way surprising, The bonus is a political issue. The vote was an expression of political pressive as votes. The minds of the pro-bonus members have been made up in advance. A vote to override is the best bid now for re-election. And those who were unable to dispute the wisdom of the bonus defeat as advo- cated by the President knew, at the same time, that the President relied chiefly upon the Senate, not the ‘House, to take the unpopular and politically dangerous course of stand- ing with him in sustaining the veto, Much of what the President said in his discourse on the subject of the actual bonus “debt” has been said before. The bonus has been a po- litical issue for many years. The bonus is a debt voluntarily assumed by the Nation; but it is a debt that | is not due until 1945 and its lquida- | tion in advance entails the payment of obligations never assumed. But President Roosevelt was forced to deal with two new elements that the economic situation has injected into the bonus dispute. One of these is the argument that immediate pay- ment will be of vast benefit in has- tening the Nation toward recovery. It is true, said the President, that some expansion in retail trade might result from payment of the bonus now. But the retail business is already expanding, rapidly, under the stimulus of other Government moves and now ‘“compares favorably with conditions before the depression.” A bonus payment would “not improve the conditions necessary to expand .those industries in which we have the greatest unemployment.” The other argument for the bonus =—the printing press inflation argu- ment—was met squarely and satis- factorily by the President. This argu- ment, he said, “raises a fundamental question of sound finance.” To re- sort to “this deceptively easy method of payment will raise similar demands for the payment of claims of other groups.” The President said: It is easy to see the ultimate result of meeting recurring demands by the issuance of Treasury notes. It in- vites an ultimate reckoning in un- | controllable prices and in the de- struction of the value of savings that will strike most cruelly those like the veterans who seem to be temporarily benefited. The first person injured by skyrocketing prices is the man on & fixed income. Every disabled vet- eran on pension or allowance is on fixed income. able-bodied veteran at the expense of the disabled veteran. The demand for the bonus payment by & method that may easily start the Nation on the road that history has littered with the wrecks of similar undertakings comes from a small, well-organized minority. But this minority is not the population element that faces the greatest need. More has been done for this group than for any other. It is the welfare of the Nation, not the immediate wishes of the veterans, that concerned the President; that supports him in a courageous stand in the face of ter- rific and persistent pressure. “I be- lieve,” said the President, “the welfare of the Nation, as well as the future welfare of the veterans, wholly justi- fies my disapproval of this measure That was spoken, and sincerely spoken, like & President. National Museum Enlargement. If in the allocation of funds under the newly adopted public works pro- gram urgent need is to be considered together with the provision of work for the unemployed, there should be no question regarding the grant of the request of the Smithsonian Insti- tution for $6,490,000 for the construc- tion of two wings for the Natural His- tory Building, generally known as the “New National Museum.” This addi- tion to the exhibition and working space of the institution is virtually imperative. Every branch of the work is congested, every available space for the display of the exhibits, including the art collection constituting the Na- tional Gallery, is occupied to the Hmit, and quantities of valusble ma- #erial are in storage sawalting proper i 70c per month | B0¢ | realism as distinct from | statesmanship. Facts are not as im- | This bill favors the | placement. The Smithsonian is a working laboratory for specialists of the scientific branches of the Gov- ernment, particularly the Department of Agriculture, and there is literally no proper accommodation for them in the conduct of their researches and investigations. Unless the additions now proposed to be erected from the public works fund are provided the ef- fectiveness of this branch of the serv- ice will be seriously impaired. Plans have been drawn for these annexes, which will conform to the architectural design of the main build- ing and for which there is ample space with frontage on Constitution avenue. In the drafting of these plans provision has been made for the ex- pansion of both the working and ex- hibition spaces, with an assured bene- fit to the public service and also to the value of the great display of ex- hibits. Inasmuch as the need is urgent and the funds are designed for use upon necessary projects, this requisi- | tion for an allocation should be one of the earliest to be granted, so that work may be begun quickly and the | institution thus given the establish- ment which its importance and value require. Britain's Reply to Hitler. Great Britain has lost no time in replying to Hitler's protestations that Nazi Germany cherishes only peaceful purposes along with its elaborate | preparations to rearm on land, on sea and in the air. The British answer to the Feuhrer's Reichstag speech takes | the form of a program to triple John | Bull's air force by 1937, by which time it is planned to have in commission & fleet of 1,500 planes. Announcement of this project, which was laid before Parliament within | twenty-four hours after Hitler had | | spoken, was accompanied by declara- | | tions that under no circumstances would Great Britain accept air in- feriority to Germany. Mr. Baldwin, | speaking for the cabinet, which, report says, he may soon head as prime min- ister, told the House of Commons that the government's definite policy is to | | attain air parity with France and Ger- many. The pronouncement smacks | of Britannia's traditional determina- | tion to allow no other nation to out- | strip her in naval strength. In this | flying age the former mistress of the seas does not intend to be outbid in air power. To what extent the British | are prepared to go to make themselves | ! invulnerable by air is evidenced by | | plans to expand the personnel of the Royal Air Force from 3,000 to 5,500 | pilots and from 22,500 to to 33,000 | | enlisted men for general purposes. i Mr. Baldwin, who adheres to his famous dictum that developments in aviation require Great Britain to look upon the Rhine as its “frontier,” sees “some light” in Hitler's speech and favors “taking hold of it,” especially the Fuehrer's expressed willingness to enter & Western European air pact! and to safeguard civilian populations | from aerial bombing. But Mr. Bald- ! win in the same breath acknowledged !to Parliament that the British gov- | ernment had seriously underestimated Germany’s capacity for turning out | war planes in quantities. Now that | |London’s eyes have been opened,} | Britain does not intend to be caught | napping again. Despite pacific assur- | ances, Germany's threatened air su- premacy is not to remain unchal- lenged. Throughout European comment on i‘}mler'x international program runs the belief that however peace-minded | | he professes to be, the real arbiter of | Germany's present-hour destinies is |the army. All,reliable information | latterly coming out of the Reich indi- | cates that the soldiers are really boss- |ing the show. Hitler is depicted as | being in their hands and dependent | for continued power wholly on their | support. Late news lends corrobora- tion to this view. The call for the first classes liable for military duty | under the new conscription law ele- | vates the army to a place above the | Nazi party as the first object of | German loyalty. At the end of their | military service conscripts will join |a “Soldiers’ League,” with allegiance to the colors as their paramount creed. Nor will Nazi peace purposes gain in credibility with the simultaneous an- nouncement that Gen von Blomberg has dropped the title of Reichswehr minister and assumed the proud old pre-1914 rank of war minister as formal and final notice to all con- cerned that the restrictions of Ver- sailles are no more. ———————————— An alleged plot to get rid of & hus- band is also complicated in suburban ‘procedure by charges that gangsters are obtaining money under false pre- tenses. Curing One Evil With Another. In response to the expression of ‘well-grounded fears lest governmental control of rental properties in the District adversely affect new building the proposition is advanced to exempt new building from provisions of pro- posed law. ‘That would produce a curiously in- | equitable condition. Under it the citizen who invested in rental prop- erty years ago and hung on to it through thick and thin, paying taxes and expenses of upkeep and main- tenance, would have the control of his property placed in the hands of a commission that could nullify exist- ing contracts voluntarily entered into by his tenants and which could for- bid him to rid himself of tenants undesirable to him as well as to other tenants, . But some new investor in rental property, enjoying new and extraor- dinary forms of governmental aid and assistance in his building operations, entering the rental business at a time when tenant demand is high and promises of future business pros- perity are bright, will escape such a regulation entirely. The landlord who has survived the hazards of the depression and who has treated his tenants fairly and squarely will be brought under the provisions of a harsh and arbitrary law, drawn | body who has a say concerning three | | whether he likes it or not.” 1 eighteen years ago. But the new land- lord, who, for all anybody may know, might represent the worst in calcu- lated avarice, would at the same time suffer no restrictions whatever. The worst feature of the proposed rent-control measure is that it places all landlords together as subject to striet regulation—the good with the pad; it taints all with suspicion on the premise that all landlord-tenant relations are in need of strict regu- laticn by a Government buresu. In approaching the difficult subject of bringing under control those land- lords whom evidence may prove to be rascals, why not drop the fiction that rental conditions in Washington today are comparable with the extraordinary conditions of eighteen years ago and abandon the attempt to re-enact the unsatisfactory experiences of the war- time rent commission? Why not in- vestigate the possibilities of & land- lord-tenant court, where causes in equity arising out of such relations may be brought for hearing and set- tlement, thus guaranteeing to the tenant ‘with a real grievance the op- portunity for remedy without cover- ing the entire rental business with the wet blanket of governmental regula- tion? Many references are made to the days of Woodrow Wilson. Some remi- niscences go further back and recall vivid precedents for current speech, such as “short and ugly word” and “malefactors of great wealth.” T.R.'s rather ceremonial invective was nec- essarily influenced by his favorite motto, “Speak gently, but use a big stick.” Great wars may be inevitable, but there can at least be an earnest and intelligent effort to keep them on their own side of the earth. s It is seldom that a coming presi- dential campaign looms up with so many personages prominently men- tioned as dark horses. ——— It is not feared that nudism will become prevalent. Fashion has always insisted that some clothes are neces- sary, even if only for embellishment. Straw hat day loses its festivity when it has to be referred to as “um- brella day.” The Blue Eagle attendants explain | that the bird is not really 1ll, but is | only moulting a bit. B —— If there is to be another war, in- | timations are not lacking that it will be a bigger and worse war than ever. | R SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Finality. When some folks talk they tell it all In an emphatic way. The residue is kind of small Of what you have to say. One sets his proposition out In language plain and flat. The audience can only shout, “That's that!” Of “this” and “t'other” you may tell With all your might and main; On “why” and “wherefore” you may dwell, Endeavoring to explain. Somebody who of speech is fair With phrases that are pat Goes on the air just to declare “That’s that.” Involuntary Servitude. “Are you going to assist in the dis- | tribution of relief funds?” “As much as 1 can,” answered Sen- ator Sorghum. “But without getting into politics.” “My friend, out where I live any- | or four billions of dollars is in politics \} Jud Tunkins says revenges never get you anything except to make you | sorry for somebody that happened to | get hurt in a mix-up that you thoughtlessly started. ‘Thanks! There are storm clouds in the dis- tance, But the sun is bright nearby And we're dreaming with persistence Of a rainbow in the sky. We are glad that we aré living, Though no jeweled frost we view, For every day's “Thanksgiving” ‘When the Junetime smiles anew. Shattered Faith. “Always keep your faith in human nature.” “I try to,” answered Farmer Corn- tossel. “But what's a man to do after he has been serving a couple of weeks | hurry when it is neither necessary nor on the grand jury?” . Inmevitable. ‘We're hastening down the river To the mighty Stream of Time, Where the sunbeams are a-quiver And the journey is sublime. We'd be happy, willy nilly Could we simply keep afloat, But we always find some silly ‘Who stands up and rocks the boat. “Everybody' wants his own way,” said Uncle Eben, “’ceptin’ maybe after he succeeds in gettin’ it.” Mis-Marriages. Prom the Paducah (Ky.) Sun-Democrat. Over against the time-honored dic- tum that only opposites should marry comes the desolating assurance that, g“(o;ly, that is generally the kind 0. ————— Prefer Close Scores. From the New York Sun. Washington opinion is that Con- gress will do nothing about the Su- preme Court’s habit of five-to-four decisions, on the ground that all Americans like a close contest. ————— Jurore and Lawyers. Prom the Newburgh (N: Y.) News. A juror’s mind went blank in a trial at Washington and the judge called originally to deal with the unparalleled conditions of it & mistrial. If it had been a law- wiguu would have | THIS AND . THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Why the early morning, especially the Monday morning, grouch? Every office 1s filled with sour faces then. The old charge, that America is & nation of dyspeptics, seems proved at such times. ‘The worst offenders, of course, are the men. Women do much better. Men go around Monday morning as if something drastic were the matter with them. A visitor from another planet might be forgiven for supposing that work- ers of all degrees found their work terribly depressing. This is true every morning in the year with some, but almost so for all on Monday, bright and early. The earlier, of course, the larger the visible grouch. * Kok X If possible, those afMlicted try to overlook the glances of their asso- ciates, By sliding rapidly down a hall, or glancing out a window, it 1S possible to avoid all contact, at times. Perhaps this is a better way, after all, than responding to & greeting with & churlish “hello” that means prac- tically nothing, or worse. A curt nod of the head is not enough. It takes several minutes, or some- times as much as an hour In the worst cases, for a real Monday morning grouch to thaw out. All that time he is inflicting some cheery soul, or harming some one else Wwho happens to feel much the same way he does about the world. Perhaps the old world does look dif- ferent on what many persons secretly regard as the first day of the week. Maybe the resumption of the same old tussle has a vastly wearying effect on some persons, We suspect that much of it is caused | by the plain evidences of failure to get | up early enough. Perpetual hurry is not second nature to most men. Although bustle may be regarded as part and parcel of this age, perhaps society has spoken of it too lightly, or as if somehow it were inseparable from life. It is not. The unhurried soul is necessary in science, in litera- ture, in art. The best work always comes by a methodical course, how- | ever much inspiration may be at the bottom of it. If hurry is genuinely part of the job, 50 much 15 admitted, and it is ac- cepted; but if it is not necessary, those err who permit it to become a part of | their lives. Surely they are much worse off if they deliberately force themselves to really in their own natures to do so0. LI A Failure to get up early is one way many office workers put themselves into a daily hurry. They may not realize it, but this start to the day's work is a particu- | larly poor one for them. From shaving, through breakfast, | nothing is done right, in a sense, for it is not right to certain temperaments, if they gobble a hasty breakfast, then force themselves to hurry all the way downtown. Getting downtown nowadays is a job in itself. Any one who watches the crowds, especially those persons taking street | cars, knows without possibility of | STARS, MEN doubt that going to work is not thing to slight. It requires brains; intelligence de- mands enough time to do a thing right. Leaving the curb for a so-called safety zone in the middle of the street is more dangerous, in a sense, than leaving America for Europe, or leav- ing the ground for an air trip. If one is late, one must hurry whether or no, dart between moving cars, stand exposed to hurrying driv- ers, who, in their turn, probably. are late. * ok ox % For those who may not have tried it (for the plain reason that they are s late to work) the simple ex- pedient of getting up earlier every morning is recommended. Often just a few extra minutes will make all the difference between being rushed all the time and having plenty of time all the time. It is amazing, how just a quarter of an hour or more, or half an hour, will enable one to slow down the en- tire morning tempo. ‘This will mean, even to persons who imagine themselves immune from the worry of hurry, a blessed relief. ‘The worry of hurry is quite distinct from hurry itself. Many a person suffers from this malady who knows it not. He is'inclined to be peevish, for instance, when he at last manages to get down to work, without once sus- pecting that it is his preliminary dila- toriness which makes him that way. He is inclined to place the blame on | his “hectic Sunday,” when the real culprit is hurry and its resultant wor ry. The fact that the latter follows the former is not always admitted. Sometimes the connection is hard to see, but in many instances it is there just the same. In such cases it re- quires more than ordinary honesty with one's self to see it, perhaps, * ok % x The above is the easiest way to over- come the early morning grouch, but it is not the only way. There is no real reason why one should inflict it on one's fellows un- necessarily. There will be plenty of times when it is unavoidable, this world and life being the way they are. All the more reason, therefore, why every one should do a little thinking, and deliberately attempt to wear a smile for others, in the early morning hours, especially Monday morning. For all the prating about work, its necessity, even sublimity, it is notice- able that many persons fail to find it 80 enticing. They give themselves away, as it were, by the time it takes for them to “wind up” for the work of the day. By about 10 a.m., in stubborn cases, they begin to th: 1s not much reaso! should not be half-way cheery at 8:30 am., or 9 am., or whatever time it is they began the daily labors, Here, as in 5o many matters, a little introspection is a good thing. Often a stern admonishment to one's self is enough. If this is done, one may even get up late and hurry all the way downtown, without danger of becoming a burden to one's associates. The easiest way, however, is to get up early, allow one's self plenty of time to get downtown, then the old smile will come naturally, without being forced. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. A strange “shadow neurosis"—rare but apparently becoming more preva- lent in America—was reported to the American Psychiatric ~ Association meeting here by Dr. Clarence P. Oben- dort of New York City. It is manifested as a sensation of non-existence. The victim—most fre- quently a woman—feels that her shadow rather than herself is acting and talking. All the time she is con- scious that she is suffering from an hallucination. The sensation may come in waves, in one case as many as 40 times an hour, and is described by the victims as being extremely painful. It is, some of them say, “like being torn apart.” The victim knows she exists and yet feels that she does not. She may refer to herself as a “living shadow.” Dur- ing these episodes of unreality the sub- ject is more irritable than at ordinary times and desires to be left alone. In extreme cases such an attack may end |in loss of consciousness and convul- | sions. Reporting on his own experience with several patients, Dr. Obendorf said that there is a plausible explana- tion in the untenable tradition that in- tellectual activity is primarily mascu- line and that “thinking” is an unlady- like occupation. In the mid-Victorian scheme of things the husband and father attended to all the business of the family and took all the responsi- bility. In really polite circles the women were supposed to be ornaments and simpletons. Women were not supposed to be as smart as men, any- how. ‘This idea persists only as a sub- conscious emotional attitude. Psycho- logical tests have shown no difference between the intellectual capacities of men and women.. Women have grad- ually invaded nearly all the fields for- merly reserved for men and have suc- ceeded. But subconsciously the woman en- gaged in active affairs, due to the persistence of the tradition, feels her- self in a false position and identifies with her father or some other man. This tends to produce a split in the personality, which manifests itself in the non-existence phenomenon. The woman is engaged in some tra- ditionally masculine occupation. “But,” says the subconscious mind, “a woman can't think. I appear to be thinking. I am a woman. So it can't be I that am thinking.” Thus comes the dual personality phenomenon, which takes this queer form of non-existence sensations. The malady, however, is not con- fined to women. In the case of one male. victim, - Dr. Obendorfl said, in- vestigation of the childhood back- ground showed that the mother had been_ “the man of the family,” at- tending to the business activities, while the father led a retired life. Fate thrust this man into commercial life and he became the head of a large firm with many employes. Due to his childhood conditioning the activities of & “boss” were associated with fem- ininity. Hence they were unnatural for him. Essentially the same split resulted as among the woman victims. . x K %k Another rare and strange disease reported to the psychiatrists was Alz- heimer’s disease—or premature and exaggerated “second childhood.” 1t probably is more common than is generally supposed, said Dr. David Rothschild of the Foxborough, Mass., State Hospital. The victim, usually & man of middle age, goes through much the same behavior pattern as one af- flicted with senile dementia, The mm fire “childish.” - | the process of premature aging, de- 6scrihed as &n increasing ‘onglomera- tion of the colloids of the body, with an increasing stability accompanied | | by a decline in the metabolic rate so | that the synthesis of new substances | does not keep pace with the break- down. The result of such a process |is eventual atrophy of the bodily organs and death. The body is wast- ing more than it is creating. The victim is vaguely aware of this aging process, said Dr. Rothschild, | and subconsciously makes a desperate attempt to halt it by returning to the behavior pattern of youth. As the physical degenerative continues |at an accelerated rate the patient | clutches further and further into the | past—at boyhood, then babyhood, then | infancy. | _This is probably what happens in the actual “second childhood” of the very old, Dr. Rothschild said, but the unconscious and dispairing clutching of the past is not so forceful. The old man or woman may go quietly to the end of life with little or none of the childish babbling characteristic of the senile dementia state and | hardly distinguishable from the first | talking of the infant. But the middle-aged victim of Alz- heimer’s disease, in whom the aging Pprocess has not proceeded at a nat- ural rate, is driven to a more forceful and thoroughgoing defense reaction. He is clinging to babyhood as & de- fense against death. * X ok % Are you an oxygen type or a sulphur type? Are you a thoracic type or a cere- bral type? e Human types, chemical or physical, and equally without any basis in fact, are the stock in trade of most of the quack doctors, psychologists, swamis, soul healers and other swindlers now reaping & harvest from the gullible all over the United States, according to reports presented to the Psychiatric Association. All are so much alike, these reports show, that they must have gleaned their misinformation from a common source. One prevalent school of quackery is that which rests upon the assump- tion of “chemical types,” showing dif- ferent physical and behavior char- acteristics, depending on the predomi- nance of some chemical element in the body. There is the “calcium type"— including most soldiers, pioneers, ete. If he marries a calcium-type woman their children will be idiots. ,There is the moody, inconsistent, predomi- nantly feminine “sulphur type,” the “oxygen type” of the perfect lover, the reserved and dignified “nitrogen type,” and about a dozen others. Each one, say the quacks, stands in need of a different kind of diet, which they are willing to prescribe for a fee. The girl in search of & husband, one report showed, should avoid the cerebral type, dominated by brain. He is likely to starve because he can’t earn enough to live on or is too preoccupied with thinking to eat. Also one should avoid the- thoracic type— handsome and with lovely hair and eyes, but high-strung, unstable and eager for applause. He makes a good salesman. Even in the depths of the depres- sion, the reports to the Psychiatric As- sociation showed, these quacks have gleaned a rich harvest from the gul- lible. This is due to the fact, said one report, “that the general public has attached almost megical properties to anything labeled science,” but is unable to differentiate the true from the false. Especially in the fleld of medicine there is a constant and almost morbid curiosity the physician eannot satiaty wil§ the truth, The Political Mill By G. Gould Lincoln. President Roosevelt's delivery of his veto message on the Patman soldiers bonus bill may have fallen on dull ears in the House chamber—judging from the vote in the House to over- ride his objections—but it will have registered heavily with millions of people throughout the country. It was carried to listening millions by rado. That it was an effective speech, well delivered, was admitted by supporters of the Patman bill. It was just not convincing to these Patmanites—cer- tainly not as convincing as the vet- erans’ lobby. The Senate has the final say in the matter, and the House has relied upon the Senate to pull the bonus chestnuts out of the fire several times in the past. In view of | the fact that the Senate cast 33 votes | against the bonus bill on its first passage, and at least two other Sen- ators were aligned against it, Tydings of Maryland and O'Mahoney of Wy- oming, it would be a surprising thing, indeed, if the vote to override carried in the Upper House. * *x * X ‘The history of bonus demands and bonus legislation in Congress since 1920 clearly shows, however, the growth of the movement. The House in that year passed the Fordney sol- diers’ bonus bill 289 to 92. It gave the veterans & maximum of $500 for home service and $625 for overseas service, to be paid in 10 equal quar- terly installments. If the veteran preferred he could take an adjusted service certificate, running for 20 years. Under the latter plan he re- ceived an increase of 40 per cent and interest for 20 years at 4'2 per cent, The bill carried a tax to provide the ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Informa- tion Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. How fast is the Soviet rocket expected to soar?—sS. L. A. The Soviet Stratosphere Com- mittee has ordered the construction of a rocket that is expected to ascend 2t a speed of 2,200 feet per second. Q. How many school savings banks has New York City?—S. D, A. New York City has 536 school banks, with more than 700.000 de- positors. $3,300,700. Q. What did the new Mellon Church in Pittsburgh cost?>—W. H. A. A. The East Liberty Presbyterian Church, gift of the late Richard B. Mellon and his wife, was built at a cost of $4,000,000 and required four years for its completion. The church is & memorial to the mothers of Mr. and Mrs. Mellon. Q. How many States have adopted a State bird>—F. B. 8. A. Forty-two States and the District of Columbia have adopted birds of some kind. Not all of the State birds have been nominated and confirmed by process of legislation, however. Q. Please give some information about the Normandie—F. L. M. A. The Normandie is 1029 feet long, has a gross register of 79280 money. It was referred to the Sen- | ate Finance Committee, but there it | died. Next year, 1921, Senator McCumber of North Dakota sponsored & similar bill. While the bill was | pending before the Senate the then President Harding came down to the Capitol and urged the defeat of the | bill. The Senate then recommitted the bill, 47 to 29. | * X ok X The bonus continued to knock at | the door, however, and Representative | Fordney of Michigan introduced a | bill in March, 1922, which passed the House, 333 to 70, and, later, the Sen- | ate, 47 to 22. President Harding | | vetoed the bill and the House over- | | rode the veto, 258 to 54. The Senate | sustained the veto, 44 to 28. It was | in 192¢ that the bonus bill which became law, and is the law, was launched. It was offered by Repre- sentative Green of Iowa and passéd | the House, 355 to 54, and, later, the | Senate, by a vote of 67 to 17. The | late President Calvin Coolidge prompt- | ly vetoed the bill. The House over- | | rode the veto, 313 to 78, and the Senate followed suit, 59 to 16. And 50 the bonus became the law—a 20- year-payment plan. | | * % k ¥ | The first demands of the veterans after this law was enacted were for liberalized loans on the bonus certi- | ficates, and a couple of laws along this line were passed. It was in 1931 that | the late Senator Caraway of Arkansas | offered & bill for the cash payment of | | the bonus without further delay, one | of the first of such bills. In that year !a bill to increase the loan value of | the bonus certificates to 50 per cent | | of the face value of the certificates | passed both houses and was vetoed by | former President Hoover. The veto was overridden by both houses. It was ; not long after this, in 1932, that a ’nood of bills for the cash pavment of the bonus began, among them the | first Patman bill. The Patman bill | passed the House in June, 1932, by a | vote of 211 to 176. The bonus army | had come to Washington. But the | Senate turned the bill down by a vote of 62 to 18. A Patman bill also passed | the House in March, 1933, by a vote of 295 to 125. It was not reported | from the Senate Finance Committee. | However, immediate bonus payment | was offered as an amendment to bills in the Senate three times and each time was rejected. | x x o x 8o the Senate nhas proved the | stumbling block against the payment | immediately of the bonus in the past, |as it is expected to so prove again. | However, the vote in the Senate in { favor of the bonus has become a | majority vote this year, instead of a | | minority vote. The Patman bill passed | the Senate 55 to 33 on May 7, after | | it had passed the House a couple of | | months earlier by a vote of 318 to 90. The President told the veterans in | his veto address to Congress yesterday that when they received their bonus payments under the Patman bill, if | they were on the relief rolls they would + be dropped from those rolls. No relief | while there was bonus money for them. | That might be expected to give the | veterans something to think about. | The answer might be made, however, | that after they had spent their bonus | they would go back on relief. * ok ok x ‘House Democratic leaders are not willing to begin work in the House itself on the bill extending the life of the N. R. A. until after the Su- | preme Court of the United States has handed down a decision in the Shechter case, involving the constitu- tionality of the N. R. A. The Su- preme Court is expected to give its opinion in this case not later than June 3, when the court is due to quit for the Summer recess. The present act expires June 16. However, the House leaders contend that they can get speedy action on an N. R. A. bill in the House if they have to, perhaps ‘ln three or four days, and that will | leave time to thresh the matter out with the Senate, which has already passed & joint resolution extending the life of the N. R. A. only until | April 1 next. The administration is strongly opposed to such a brief ex- tension, and the House is ready to back it up by putting through an extension until June 16, 1937, giving the N. R. A. life for two more years. The Ways and Means Committee of the House is about ready to bring in & bill for N. R. A. extension at any time, meeting the dem: President. . s el | * X ox % The tug of war will come when the House seeks to impose the two-year extension of the N. R. A. on the Sen- ate. The Senate has sent to the House recently the Wagner labor re- lations bill. It is planning to send over the bill to amend the A. A. A, increasing the powers of the Secre- tary of Agriculture, The House lead- ers see legislation again piling up on their hands. They have nearly :lven up hope for an adjournment of the present Congress before August. They. kn(r", too, that the demand for sol- diers’ bonus legislation will be pressed again if the Senate sustains the President’s veto of the Patman bill. ————— Alimony Reduction. From the Worcester (Mass) Evening A soclologist remarks that the Amer- ican attitude toward marriage has changed. Yes, almost to the point where a law reducing alimony pay- ments may be expected to cause an increase in the number of weddings. Wind. Prom the Los Angeles Times. said to ha eago in | drive, 160,000 horsepower. tons; beam. 119 feet; turbo-electric Her din- ing salon is 400 feet in length, walled with molded glass, and air-conditioned. Equipped with 12 elevators, the ship has a sun deck as long as two city blocks. She is completely fireproof, has a passenger capacity of 2,170 and | over 1,300 officers and crew. Her first sailing from New York will be on June 7. Q. When was “Casey at the Bat” written?—D. M. C. A. The poem was written by Ernest L. Thayer in 1888. Mr. Thayer sent it to a Sap Francisco newspaper, which published it under the initials “E. L. T.” In May of that year De ‘Wolf Hopper, star of a musical com- edy, “Prince Methusalem.” introduced {it in the second act of the show which was playing at Wallack's Thea- ter, thep at Broadway and Thirtieth streets, New York City, Q. When and by whom was the Bible divided into verses?—P. McM. A. For many years the division of the Bible into chapters and verses was attributed to a priest, Lanfranc, Arch- bishop of Canterbury, in the reign of William I of England, about 1085. This is now considered to be errone- ous. and the division is attributed to Cardinal Hugo de Sancto-Caro, French, -in 1236. Q. Is rhubarb a fruit or a vege- table?—P. B. A. It is classified as a vegetable. Q. Do all members of the cat fam- fly purr>—C. C. H. A. They do not. The cheetah and tiger do purr and the puma or cougar make a noise similar to a purr. The following members of the cat family do not purr: Leopard, lion, lioness, ocelot, serval and caracal. | Q. Is the Domestic Relations Court in New York City meeting with suc- cess?—J. W. A. It was set up for the express purpose of building character in chil- dren and parents and preserving the homes, if possible, of those for whom it is called to administer. Court trials are avoided whenever possible. The In 1934 their deposits were | results attained so far have been most heartening. Q. Did writers before Adam Smith predict or record the devaluation of the monetary unit by lessening its gold content?—J. M. C. A. While Smith was the first to make a complete exposition of the matter, coinage has been debased progressively. Gold coin was debased as early as the reign of the Roman Emperor Aurelian.and down through the ages. In every European country there was successive cheapening. The original pound sterling was an actual | pound of silver. Elizabeth devalued. There is nothing novel in the present | action in thisscountry. . Q. What is the origin of “cheerio"? —8. McC. | A. This word is a general greeting, toast or valedictory expression. It was used by Shakespeare in the form of “cherry-o.” Q. Who designed Ashland, the home of Heary Clay, near Lexington, Ky.? A. The design of the mansion 1s at- tributed to Latrobe, the great English architect. The estate of 600 acres was |1aid out by LEnfant, who drew the | plans for Washington, D. C. | Q. Have any white men been exe- | cuted for crimes against Negroes?— J. McC. A. The Negro Year Book says that | there have been several cases where | white men were given the death sen- | tence for murdering Negroes. In 1929, | in Duval County in Florida, the death sentence was imposed on Britt Pringle for brutally murdering an aged Negro. The Georgia Supreme Court on July 22, 1930, affirmed the sentence of a white man to die in the electric chair for the murder of two Negroes, Q. Please give a comparison of the number of fatal accidents in railroad, air and motor trips—H, K. A. Rallroads, one fatality per 400,- 000,000 passenger miles; scheduled air transport, one fatality per 24,000,000 passenger miles; automobiles, one | fatality in 11,000,000 passenger miles, | Q Who sald, “A kiss is a dot on the ‘1 in loving"?—S. M. A. The quotation is from Ros- tand'’s “Cyrano de Bergerac': * when all is said, what is it placed on the ‘i’ in loving. Q. What is the difference between a kn;ck;ut and a technical knockout? A. The term knockout is generally understood to imply that the fighter has been “knocked out” and is un- conscious or unable to get up. Some- times a fighter gets into such a con- dition from repeated blows that he is practically unconscious while still on his feet. When this occurs it is very easy to render him entirely uncon- scious. In these circumstances a fighter is so little able to defend him- self that a blow would perhaps cause severe injury. When such a condition comes about the fight is generally ended by the referee or the judge, or both, declaring a technical knockout. Q. Who was Procrustes?—S, J. D. A. He was a mythological robber who laid his victims on an iron bed, stretching them out or cutting them off to make them fit. Q. Since the next President is to be inaugurated on January 20, 1937, when will the electoral votes be formally | counted?—M. W. A. The votes of the presidential electors are handed in on the fourth Wednesday in December. These votes are counted in joint session of the Senate and House of Representatives on January 6. Q. What is maccaboy?—M. H. A. Maccaboy is a kind of fine, dark- colored snuff, usually perfumed. Bonus P:;lymen; by I‘nflation Condemned in A large majority of newspaper com- ment strongly condemns the Patman measure to pay the soldiers’ bonus with inflated currency. which was passed by both houses of Congress in the face of a certain presidential veto. “It must be gratifying to most in- formed, thoughtful Americans." be- lieves the Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, “that President Roosevelt indicated his disapproval. despite tremendous pressure.” The Milwaukee Journal declares: “We can't pay the bonus with nothing. True, $2.000.000,000 in notes isn't so much. But when we cut loose from reality, where do we stop? No one can dream that the demand would stop here. On the contrary, it would be encouraged. The most feared thing | in the world today is that the United | States will start on the course Ger- many followed to collapse and suffer- ing which still continues.” “Of all the bonus proposals” ac- cording to the Portland Oregonian, “the Patman bill was the most ob- | jectionable. Its inflation provision would be the first definite departure from a currency pegged to gold. His- tory tells us that initial inflation 1s productive of an artificial stimulus to business and industry, but that a re- | cession follows which causes demand for more inflaticn, with a repetition of the effects of the first venture therein, and renewed demand for more infla- tion, and so on until there is financial chaos. The country has already been drenched by radio and otherwise with false doctrines concerning the func- tions of money. The Nation has been diligently cultivated for the planting of noxious weeds.” Referring to the great number of | supporting messages received by the ‘White House, seeking to influence the action of the President, the New York Sun comments: “The point of the actual count of the White House mail is that it may remind the Pregident of the unrepresented majority. The telegrams and letters which have come to his desk, if from individuals, repre- sent less than one-tenth of 1 per cent of those who voted in 1932. organizations, they may assume to represent more, but they fall into the error illustrated by the recent com- pilation, which demonstrated that the number of voters controlled by a va- riety of leaders and organizations totaled 340,000,600 or so in a land with only & tenth as many voters. “A considerable amount of the-Pat- man bill's support in the Senate came from Senators whose interest was in the inflationary feature of the meas- ure,” thinks the Nashville Tennessean, while the Joplin (Mo.) Globe states that “objectors to the payment of the bonus at this time feel they achieved a tactical triumph when they permit- ted the Patman bill to pass, instead of one of the other proposals that did not include the issue of paper cur- rency to make the payment.” Reviewing the history of greenbacks since the Civil War, the Indianapolis News observes: “The greenbacks im- paired the faith of the people in their money. Until the gold law was passed, the people remembered that greenbacks were once worth less than half their face value. They had tasted of inflation and wanted no more of it.” “The tragedy of the situation is t inflationists don’t know where furning point 4" aays the Canton If from | Press Comment , (Ohio) Repository, | meles Times asserts | feature of the debate was support of | the Patman bill and its inflationary features by Senator McAdoo, who once iwu Secretary of the Treasury. His statement that ‘there is no single ele- ment of danger of any sort, kind or condition in issuance of this kind of currency’ is preposterous.” “'So far, every bonus bill passed by & | Congress has been vetoed by a Presi- dent.” it is pointed out by the Louis- ville Courier-Journal, and the Burling- ton (Iowa) Hawkeye Gazette argues: “Such currency debasement, when carried to extremes, means utter de- struction of the existing medium of | exchange. That destruction carries with it all property values represented | by existing money. Only those whose | wealth is represented by ‘things'— food, clothing, machinery and equip- | ment, buildings, lands, mines and so | on—can save their possessions out of | the vast destruction.” Of the minority favoring the pro- posal, the Sioux City (Iowa) Daily Tribune says: “Inflation is widely mis- represented and widely misunderstood. Inflation occurs only when currency is issued in excess of the probable ability of government to redeem it with one or the other of the monetary metals. There is no immediate dan- | ger of that being done. Even the | issuance of money to pay the bonus, as contemplated in the Patman bill, would not impose an unsupportable strain upon the metallic reserve, though it is not considered orthodox financ- ing.” e Just by Chance. From the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail. The Navy inadvertently flew the President’s flag upside down—a signal of distress. The circumstance that | Congress was in session at the time | was only a coincidence. P o Republican Opportunity. Prom the Sioux Palls (8. Dak.) Argus- Leader The Republicans in 1936 might | nominate Carter Glass for the presi- dency and adopt the Democratic plat- | form of 1932, A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton. Youth and Time Revolt against a storm-cloud of de- spair Made Youth try to outdistance time and space In an unreckoning, tempestuous pace With footsteps fleet and wild. Till, unaware, Youth came upon a long-used thor- oughfare— Dwellings of a mellowed brick, ivy as green As the high branches of the giant trees Immutable to gales or torrid breeze, The sound of distant traffic, and seréne Youth's reckless pace is slowed things like these; gateways, 1vy, centenarian trees, Old flower gardens set within the .