Evening Star Newspaper, April 7, 1935, Page 34

_ D=2 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. | SUNDAY.........April 7, 1035 | THEODORE W. NOYES. . . Editor | The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building. European Office.14 Regent St.. London, England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. 45¢ per month H0c per month Star ~.6bc per month ...5c percopy | The Evenine Stai . #a The Evening and Sunday Sii ] Sundavs) The Sunday Star . : Night Final Edition. | Nieht Pinal and Sunday Star.70c per month | Night Pinal Star.... .B5¢ per month | Collection made 'af ihe end of each month Orders may be sent by mail or telephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. 1 Daily and Sund; Daily only Bunday only . All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $12.00: 1 mo.. $1 00 Daily only .....1 s 5¢ Sunday only.. $5.00; 1 mo., 60c | treaties. of them is to expect from the exclu-I sively legislating Congress a fair and unprejudiced study of the facts on| which legislation is based. And coupled with this right is the right to expect that when legislators give Con- gress facts upon which to base its ac- tions and opinions, the facts will be correctly stated and not garbled by inaccuracies or prejudiced interpreta- tion. ——— Austria’s Rearmament. It was almost a foregone conclusion that Germany's example in rearming, onc: it became an openly avowed policy, would prove contagious among the other states subjected to military restrictions by World War peace Austria has promptly fol- lowed the German lead. She proposes w0 double the limit of thirty thousand oy the treaty of St. Germain. A terse communique issued at Vienna, revealing the government’s plans, | states that steps to that end have al- |read” been undertaken. They are justified, as in the case of Germany, men imposed upon her as a maximum | | out and within. Member of the Associated Press. Tre Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited (o it or not other- wise ciedited in this paper and also the Incal news published herein Al rights of vublication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. = by the right to “full equality” as a “self-evident” proposition. Whether the Austrians intend to resort to con- | | scription, on the basis reinstituted in — = | Germany, has not yet been disclosed. | & | While increasing the army to a re- The Facts in the Case. ported strength of sixty thousand, the In the course of his speech to the | poernment is expected to eliminate House last Wednesday Representative | by degrees the existing private armies, Blanton of Texas gave a history of | el gs the “White Fascist” Heimwehr the $5,700,000 lump sum figure in Dis- | (yome Guard) and the Catholic trict appropriations which is neither | Siorm Troops. These forces are the | accurate nor complete as to essential | coypterpart of Hitler's Storm Troops Getail. | and other Nazi military organizations What he sald was this: | which are to disappear with creation The funny part of it was we of-|,f the Reich's new national army of fered them that night by way of | compromise—and conferences are al- | fivé Of six hundred thousand con- | ways compromises—we offered them | script troops. | (the Senate ‘confcreesw a $6,500,000 Rome dispatches intimate that Xmly‘ ::1:;:; C:;’;:]‘;"‘;:"g"‘ WIE‘" K’:"flgi; would frown upon any unilateral ac-| Congress met the President’s budget | {ion by Austria in the direction of had gone carefully into the matter. rearmament, although Mussolini was | ;h' fi‘is"hb“dg“ of Franklin D.|recently reported to favor increases a budget report President Roosevelt | tria, Hungary and Bulgaria on a scale :;m. (; Cons‘{’res? He recommended | prcportionate to that proposed by at that Federal contribution should 1t was even said that Ital be only $5,700.000; not even the $6,- | oo mory: 1t h o 500,000 that was offered them, and | :tended to place such a suggestion not the $9,500,000 they (the Senate | before next week’s tri-power confer- conferees) demanded. but $5700,000; | ence at Stresa. While Austria in 1919 | and that has been the Federal con: tribution ever since. vas being assigned an army quota of | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. no wish to see Britain adopt the poli- cies of less reliable, less stable na- tions. The rank and file of the Anglo- Saxon race, it will be hoped, “never will be slaves” to anything—particu- larly to abnormal varfation from standard types of thought and con- duct. ———r————————— Significance of Army Day. Army day, which was observed yes- terday, has a significance which the average citizen senses and feels, but may not completely understand. It brings to the public an opportunity to witness & parade of personnel and equipment; it reminds the public of the existence of the military establish- ment, demonstrates the efficiency of the armed forces and testifies for the | pragmatic value of the investment which the Nation makes in its organ- ized protection against enemies with- But it is its aspect of living history that most notably moves the soul of a citizen spectator. Granted that it may be fashionable at present to deplore the predominance of chronicles of war in the annals of America, it nevertheless happens to be true that the United States came into being through processes of strug- gle and repeatedly has had need to defend its fate against powers which have presumed to imagine that the Republic had forgotten the facts of its origin. Small chance would de- mocracy have had in the Western World had it not been for the army created by George Washington, and th= Union could not have survived had it not been for the armies led by Grant | and Sherman. A nation unwilling or unable to fight for its life is doomed | to extinction. But the same punishment also is the destiny of any nation in modern times which vainly attempts a mili- tary subjugation of its neighbors. The age of conquest is dead, and no one would have the hardihood to argue for its resurrection. Millions of men and women have developed within themselves a will to peace. War for its own sake or for spoils has been | condemned by humanity at large. Somehow and soon there will be dis- covered an international insurance policy equal to the need to restrain any leader who seeks to emulate the | thirty thousand, Hungary was granted | former Kalser. Members of the Seventy-second Con- | 5 force of thirty-five thousand and| Meanwhile, the United States has ress may recall that the District ap- | gyjgaria of twenty thousand. As long | an occasional Army day to prove its propriation bill for the fiscal year | g, g last October, when the German | self-respect, its patriotism and its in- 1934 was passed by the Senate March Nazic were brazenly threatening Aus- tention to preserve the human ideals 3, the last day of that session. The | tria, Italy, France and Great Britain | upon which it was founded and has bill as it passed the House proposed a | new low lump sum figure of $6.500.000 | and the Senate asked $9,500,000. The | bill went to conference. “Confer- , ences, | states, “are always compromises.” that was the attitude of the House and | Senate conferees—with the single ex- | ception of Mr. Blanton. The con- | ferees compromised the lump sum | controversy at a figure of $7,600,000, agreed to permit her o recruit beyond | trecty strength to safeguard her inde- pendence. } prospered. - It is vaguely understood that the SELF-PRES An incident occurred in the early ministry ot Jesus that, however we may interpret it, has a deep signifi- cance. We read in the fourth chap- ter of St. Matthew's Gospel that, im- mediately following His baptism and preceding His entrance upon His larg- er ministry, He was “led up of the spirit into the wilderness to be tempt- ed.” The purpose of this long-con- tinued vigil was in the nature of preparation for the great task that presently He was to undertake. ‘The practice of long periods of de- | | tachment for the purposes of unin- terrupted reflection has been com- mon to many men who have assumed the role of leadership. It is in the silences and away from the distrac- tions of the world that genius is fanned into a flame and the clearly- defined purpose of a great mission becomes evident. In the eaperience of the Master we read that “when He had fasted forty days and forty nights, He was after- ward an hungred.” Physically de- pleted, the most immediate avenue of approach to Him was through His un- | satisfied appetite, hence it was that | the tempter touched Him where He was most vulnerable, saying, “If thou | be the son of God, command that | these stones be made bread.” It was | an appeal to Him to exercise His miraculous power in behalf of His own obvious needs. This power He doubtless had, for on another occa- | sion, to meet the hunger of a multi- tude, He multiplied a few barley loaves, making them sufficient to feed | 5000. In answer to the tempter's | demand, He quoted from the ancient | scriptures the words: ““Man shall not | live by bread alone. but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of | God.” The whole condition with which Jesus was confronted is suggestive of one of life's major problems. Self- preservation, the maintenance of our | physical well-being is primary and | indispensable. The bread problem is | universal and persistent. A bread C., ERVATION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, D.C.L, Bishop of Washington, problem ushered in the French revo- lution and in some form it has been the genesis of most of the world's disorders. As a matter of fact, it is one of the fundamental problems of our own age. To preserve the physi- cal well-being of a people is a primary obligation upon every government. Jesus did not challenge this. He did maintain that greater than the bread problem was the normal satisfaction of man’s moral and spiritual nature. To insure subsistence, this He always recognized and gave it its proper place throughout His ministry. Over against this physical demand he set another principle of life when He said: “Seek ye first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you.” He was maintaining that normal, wholesome living called for and demanded the | recognition of God's place in the scheme of things, the recognition of the moral law as indispensable to orderly, decent and satisfying living. To ove humanity to a cleaner style” is both consistent and neces- sary, but if the “cleaner style” is to be properly maintained it must be sustained by something other than that form of selfish individualism that obeys neither the laws of God or of man. At the root of our pres- ent disordered life is the moral an spiritual decline and decay of a peo- ple. We have thought that, with our “mighty wisdom or little wit” we could set our house in order. We would, through our incomparable genius and our clever legislation, re- cover the normal. prosperous ways of living. We are beginning to realize the significance and profound mea! ing of the words of the tempted Ma: ter that “Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that pro- ceededth out of the mouth of God.” We have a bread problem, and it is a pressing one, and it must be met, but along with it and citally related to it we have a moral and spiritual problem that concerns the deepest interests of our people. Differences Between Subordinate New Dealers Causing Bewilderment BY OWEN L. SCOTT. President Roosevelt, on his return | from fishing, may need to decide soon | where he is taking the country. His | followers in the cabinet and in Con- gress profess not to know. They are pulling and hauling, instead of driv- ing to harness, with the result that an unusual amount of bewilderment ! and irritation is found among lead- ers of the New Deal. Until now the President has suc- ceeded in holding the rugged indi- | | vidualists of his regime in line by | permitting each one to go his own ' way and run his own show. But sud- Premier Schuschnigg evidently does real war profiteers are the men Wio ' denly it appears that this method is privi limitations. He proposes instead to | proceed on the Hitler pattern. Aus-| tria has ample justification for pro- | viding herself with an effective de- s Mr. Blanton correctly | nop jntend to wait upon the allied | do not depend on cash orders for| Dot EOIng to wor And | powers, cap in hand, and crave the planes and guns as those who are torial dominion. D e In Europe rumors may be expected here and there of “a gentlemen's representing a greater concession bY fercive establishment in the teeth of 2greement” which is too often an the Senate conferees than by House conferees. Representative Cannon of Missouri, | presenting the conference agreement | to the House on the night of March | 8, 1933, explained: Mr. Speaker, we present a confer- ence report on which I believe we all the | he threat that the Nazis offer to all understanding among ruffians with k. A whole carnival of side shows is | no main attraction to hold the atten- ilege of rearming, despite treaty gambling politically for vast terri-| tion of all. The result is discord and | disintegration. A master strategist. | of the type President Roosevelt has | been in the past, apparently is needed to bring back harmony and orderly ! progress. This last week produced the strange | spectacle of a Democratic Senator, | Millard Tydings of Maryland, harshly Germanic areas contiguous to the a view to making conditions as dis- criticizing the policies of the admin- “bleeding borders” of which Gobbels ! pericdically prates. The Austrians| would never be able unaided to resist effort to make themselves as invulner- agreeable as possible. ———— Titles are deceptive. Even the des- leading at a time when public enemies can agree. Of course, no one is ever @blc as possible is not likely to be| organize squads and work in ambush. completely satisfied with the District bill * * * but we have here a bill which makes concessions to both. It | is in that respect the most satisfac- | seriously resisted anywhere in Europe outside of Berlin. Their plans are | e A huge fund Is essential for the | istration. He charged that they were aimless and run on “hot air.” Sen- ator Tydings has not been particularly ! friendly to the New Deal, but in the | German military aggression, but their ignation “public enemy No. 1" is mis- tace of his attack. no defense was offered by other New Dealers on the | floor of the Senate. Instead, there was agreement among several Sen- ators on the Democratic side of the | chamber that the country seemed to fresh proof that the cause of disarma- | relief of actual need, although it be headed no place in particular. tory bill that has been presented for | ment in Europe has fallen into sad | creates untold anxieties on its own years. | Representative Blanton then spoke | for fifteen minutes against adopting the conference report; a speech which may be summarized in his own words: “I want to kill this bill as dead as hell tonight.” And in the final hours of the dying session, with the parliamentary odds | all in his favor, Mr. Blanton killed the conference report and the District bill Just as dead as he said he would. The incoming administration, | pledged to a strict campaign of gov- ernmental economy and reduction of expenses by twenty-five per cent, found only two regular appropriation bills for 1934 left over from the preceding Congress. One was the District bill, the other the Independent Offices ap- propriation bill, carrying the great outlays for veterans. Both were | slashed drastically below the 1933 fig- ures. In a statement accompanying the District budget estimates, Lewis W. Douglas, former Director of the Budget, explained that: ‘The estimate of appropriations for 1934 for the Federal contribution to the expenditures of the District of Co- lumbia herewith is $5,700,000, which is a reduction of approximately 26.8 per cent from the Federal contribution ior 1933 of $7,775,000. This reduction 15 approximately the same percentage of reduction which the total of the estimates herewith, both annual and permanent, for 1934 bear to the total of the same appropriations for 1933. The formula thus set forth, that when the total of the District bill was reduced the lump sum should propor- tionately be reduced, coupled with the realization by everybody of the neces- sity for drastic economy if drastic economy was the road to recovery, brought a minimum of protest from the District. But it was implied, through the very nature of the Budget Bureau formula for reducing the lump sum, that when the District expenses went up the National contribution would increase in like proportion. The | District budget has increased, and the national policy of strict Federal re- trenchment has been abandoned in favor of a program of generous spend- ing. Mr. Blanton himself has been proud to insert in the Record a letter from his fellow Texan, Mr. Patman, commending him for his efforts in behalf of the soldiers’ bonus bill which recently passed the House. Most of the veterans' expenditures, so dras- tically slashed in that independent offices bill of 1934, have been restored. But because the Bureau of the Budget has adhered to its former policy of sending to Congress only the lump sum figure contained in the previous year’s appropriation, the District re- mains practically the only victim of a retrenchment policy which, whether wisely or unwisely, has been aban- doned in favor of another approach to Tecovery. ‘The District has uw‘ rights, but one | especially busy, including the Supreme | | the people of the “tight little isle” are | characteristically sane and sober, sen- disarray. | ———e—— There is a fad for “intelligence | tests.” With so many war threats in circulation it is feared that the | tests are not being applied to the | right persons at the right time. et A suburban election is a matter of especial excitement, when fears arise that before the ballots for one are all | satisfactorily counted another will be due. ———— It is interpreted as a sign of revival | in prosperity when everybody seems | Court of the United States. —— Is England Changing? In view of current news reports from Great Britain, it is fair to ask: Is England changing? The world for generations has been confident that sible and temperate. But, perhaps for that very reason, it is frankly dismayed by recent events. For example, a dispatch, dated April 2, told of a “sensationally or- ganized protest against capital pun- ishment,” staged outside Wandsworth Prison during an execution. The sponsor of the disturbance employed a “half-mile procession of sandwich men,” carrying placards indicting the death penalty; three airplanes trail- ing banners inscribed, to the same ef- fect, and a fleet of vans with loud- speakers, playing hymns. A mob, naturally enough, was attracted to the scene, but the hanging proceeded without interruption. Again, a cable report, dated April 5, described a colorful and more or less violent demonstration near Ash- ford, Kent, where farmers burned effigies of Queen Anne and the Arch- bishop of Canterbury. The demonstra- tion was intended to stimulate pub- licity for complaint against church tithes. and its promoters were success- ful in the attainment of that end. Humanity at large, by grace of the press, has heard of the incident. But what is the reaction of interna- tional public opinion to such manifes- tations of extravagant fanaticism? Capital punishment, it may be, al- ready is unpopular, and ecclesiastical taxes never have been very enthusi- astically approved. Yet it is doubtful if either cause is advantaged by un- constitutional opposition. The law, written and unwritten, provides ways and means for its own correction, and violence is neither necessary nor use- ful to reform. Twenty years ago the militant suffragettes learned'that such tactics create resentment, encourage resistance. The vote finally was granted in spite of, rather than be- cause of, the Pankhurst party. Her neighbors, n%x and far, have account. ————————— Among the slogans made prominent by the underworld is “Your money or your life—and maybe both.” R Dictators and kings are alike in one respect. They have to be swift finan- ciers in order to keep going. = ———— SHOOTING STARS. * K ox % | Also, within the last few days, & | member of the cabinet, Henry Wal- i{lace, has touched more lightly on much the same subject. Mr. Wal- lace is a student of economics. He | has a reputation for being a deep thinker. He is beginning to show | concern over the trend of events. Secretary -Wallace is saying that the Congress and the President must | decide whether the United States is |to go it alone, cutting many trade ties with the rest of the world, or whether this country is to lccept‘ leadership in trying to guide the other nations back to more normal | trade. That decision he believes be fundamental. Secretary Wallace, together with Cordell Hull, Secretary of State, and BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Reportorial Endeavor. The faithful reportorial friend Still toils along with courage stout, A keen intelligence to lend And tell us what it's all about. If we could wait two hundred years, Historians we'll find, no doubt, Seeking to scan these hopes and fears | And tell us what it's all about. Official Requirements. “We need more political leaders,” said the excited citizen. “Yes,” said Senator Sorghum, “and out where I come from we also need more night watchmen.” Discovery. Columbus, so we have been told, Found this great continent of old. ‘We give him honors that befit The hero who discovered it. As we discoveries review ‘We find such tasks are never through, And as we dwell on hill or shore Keep on discovering more and more? Out With a Net. “What are you doing,” asked 8i Simlin. atchin’ butterflies?” , “No” answered Farmer Corntossel. “Tryin’ to save some of my top soil that's been carried off in the wind.” “Advice,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “is often like medicine; more profitable to those who sell it than to those who try to swallow it.” Abtruse Inquiry. ‘The psychoanalysts will speak again If we inquire—and probably we shall— If Peace means something perma- nently sane, Or just lucid interval. “There ain't any harm in a loaf once o awhile,” said Uncle Eben, “If dar ‘was, Nature wouldn't waste so much time turnin’ out sunshiny days and fishin’ worms. Strange Treasure. Prom the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. News dispa: which says Iowa switchman found a $1,000 bill doesn’t explain how he knew what it was. Tightening Due Soon. T Lt!i:eymk::pm;' wing under, the corn belt may have to be taken up & ¢ Daniel Roper, Secretary of Com- merce, favor the path of freer trade. They believe this country would profit by cutting down its tariffs so that other nations could sell more here. | With the money they obtain by sell- |ing goods to Americans they then | could buy more farm and industrial products in these markets. * % k * But Raymond Moley, Prof. Charles Beard and Dr. Rexford Guy Tugwell think little is to be gained by buying products from abroad that we can produce just about as well and just |about as cheaply at home. They think it would be better for the United States to cut loose pretty much from the rest of the world. Then affairs could be straightened out in the home market, so that there would be prosperity for all. Senator Logan of Kentucky said in the Senate that the people of this country had decided to follow this path of nationalism, which is so popular in most nations just now. But, sald Mr. Wallace, if the na- tionalistic course is followed, *“‘we would be faced with the necessity of a regimentation of our economic life and of our activities in general, com- pared with which such measures as the agricultural adjustment act would seem quite insignificant.” ‘What he meant was that if there is to be an end to the old system of world trade, with its gold standard, its foreign loans and its development of backward nations, then the Fed- eral Government would have to take hold and shift about the whole eco- nomic set-up in the United States. A lot of people would be hurt in the process. Farmers who raised products for sale abroad, particularly cotton farm- ers, would be forced into other lines of agriculture or into the cities. Fac- tory werkers, producing goods for sale abroad, would have.to turn to other occupations. Difficult adjustments would lie ahead. * * K X There is another underlying battle that is making New Dealers irritable. It involves the N. R. A. and the A. A. A. The N. R. A. is supposed to help the business man and the in- dustrial worker. The A. A. A. is sup- posed to help the farmer. Both accept the theory that the way to help both the city people and the country people is to raise prices. And both set about raising prices by endeavoring to make things scarce. But to make things scarce, fewer farm goods and fewer city goods must be produced. To cut down on produc- tion means to use less labor. And to use less labor means smaller employ- | ment, larger unemployment. have about reached an impasse, and the officials of the one organization are rather angry with the officials of the other. Donald Richberg, chief aide to Mr. Roosevelt, was given the job of trying to co-ordinate both the nationalists 1and the internationalists and the crop | | producers and the factory goods re- | | ducers. He now has ended up lead- | | ing the factory goods reducers, as chairman of the National Industrial | Recovery Board. Mr. Wallace, who, with Chester C. Davis, runs the crop reducers, has said that the whole idea of recovery by making things scarce and hard to | obtain is repulsive to him. But he doesn’t see what else there is for engaged in that program. The result is that with a scarcity of farm products, caused by a combina- tion of A. A. A. policies and the drought, city workers are having to use more of their wages to buy food. | That leaves less available for gasoline and automobiles and radios and other | products. At the same time, with N. R. A. seeking to make products of in- dustry scarce and harder to obtain, the farmer finds that while he has more income from his higher prices, that income does not go much farther than the smaller income went before. So, basically, the farmer and the city man are trying to get prosperity by taking in each other’s washing. * x x x Still another source of discord lies in the gigantic New Deal spending program. |~ Both Harold Tckes, Secretary of the | Interior, and Harry Hopkins, admin- | istrator of relief, have wanted to spend | the $4,880,000.000 that Congress is ‘makfing available for unemployment | relief, | _Mr. Ickes, who has been handling | $3,800,000.000 of public works money, | would seem to be in line for spending the other billions. But he has a reputation for watching nickels and for leaning over backward to prevent graft. This means slower spending and centralization of authority in Washington. Mr. Hopkins actually has spent more llions than Mr. Ickes and has done it in rapid-fire fashion. Under C. | W. A. he got out a billion dollars in | ive months and at one time was spending at the rate of about five bil- lions a year. He believes in decentral- mthn. in delegation of authority and shutting down quickly if waste and graft develop. | bi | to get them into circulation in a hurry, | so Mr. Hopkins is to have more to do t with the spending than Mr. Ickes. In | fact, Mr. Ickes has felt himself rather out in the cold and there even have been hints that he was thinking of resigning from the cabinet. He con- sidered that his spending ability was being questioned by the partiality that Mr. Roosevelt showed to Mr. Hopkins, Each one of these personal affrays is settled by the President in a way to make each contestant feel happy. But as Senators now are saying: The basic problems that these differences of opinion reveal are going unsolved and unanswered, with the result that the country is uncertain where it is headed. (Copyright. 1935.) Indian Princes Condemn British Government Bill BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, April 6. — Winston Churchill’s triumphant claim that the Indian princes had killed the govern- ment of India bill has been pretty effectively disposed of by the pub- lication of the correspondence be- tween the India office and the princes. This does not mean that the position is without anxiety. But it does mean that Mr. Churchill’s shout of victory is not merely premature but totally unrelated to the facts. It must be admitted, of course, that if Mr. Churchill's “momentous news” were true, the government scheme would have the bottom knocked out of it. The support of the Indian princes is the keystone of the whole arch. Take that support away and the federal plan collapses. * x kX It was the dramatic decision of the princes at the London conference to throw in their lot with British India for an all-India federal system that made the India bill a practical pos- sibility. Up to that time the solu- tion of the Simon Commission, which conceded provincial autonomy in British India, seemed the utmost limit attainable. Federation of British India without the collaboration of the hundreds of principalities scat- tered over the country offered diffi- culties so great as to be insuperable. Those difficulties magically dis- appeared on that memorable morn- ing in London when the Indian princes took the plunge. They had Following out that general course, flnN.B.filMtNA.A.LM not with such boldness and practical unanimity,; The fact that they took d | where you could get a book about the APRIL 7, 1935—PART TWO. Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Having worked his way up from & “printer’s devil” to Congress, Repre- sentative John H. Tolan of California, a practicing attorney for the past 33 years and father of a family of five | children, still gets his biggest thrill out of helping some boy toward achleving his wildest ambition—the boundless scope of a boy's imagina- tion, who thinks as the wind, and soars in fancy—that's what appeals to Tolan. He has done more errands for the boys in his district since he has been in Congress than for their fathers—and the boys come back for more—they write him letters and he writes back in the same spirit. He and his boy correspondents believe alike, implicitly, in all the old ideals, especially that any boy has just as 8ood a chance as any other boy to be | President—that the whole United States and its possibilities and oppor- tunities is his particular “oyster.” No boy ever got the least set back or discouragement for his most imagi- native dreams from John Tolan. His is more the spirit, “Sure, you can | make it; go ahead and do it.” | And this is the sort of letter that Tolan finds in his mail. This particu- lar one is from Robert Eugene Black- man, aged 14, 1670 Twelfth street, Oakland, Calif.: “I was reading in the magazine Boys' Life and on page sixteen (16), Government. Its name is Senate Document 183, Seventy-second Con- | gress, second session, entitled ‘Points | of Historic Interest in the National Capital” It said it was free and well worth reading. I like to read about the Federal Government because my am- bition is to be either a Secretary of War, or a general and most of all the President of the United States.” * %% Now that the District of Columbia appropriation bill for support of the National Capital during the fiscal year beginning July 1 next is await- ing action in the Senate, Represent- ative Clarence Cannon of Missouri, U. SCanadian P ‘With half the chancelleries of( Europe expectant of warlike out- ! breaks because of nationalistic rival- ries, the example set by the United States and Canada in maintaining | actual peace in spite of a century and more of quarreling is regarded as an example to the world. With 3,000 | miles of unfortified border and with many of the elements of potential con- flict present, nevertheless, Americans | and Canadians have managed, save once, to keep the peace. The result has been a steadily dwindling im- pulse to war. ‘There are many similarities between the United States and Canada and Alsace-Lorraine. The territory has been shifted from one sovereignty to eaceful Quarrels BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. tilities, and for 120 years since peace has reigned. But the suspicion of America, engendered in those early days, has never been wholly eradi= cated. Down through the last century one election after another has been won on the American issue. All a candi- date has to do, it appears, is to wave the Canadian flag. mention American aggression, and his day is won. A striking example was furnished by the Taft-Fielding Canadian reci- procity treety. This was beaten by expressions of Americans. The | Speaker of the American House, in an | address, had declared the ratification of the treaty would hasten the day | when Canada would be a part of the United States; a United States Sen- nother, the people speak largely the |8tor declared that annexation would same language, there are connections | D€ “a logical conclusion of reciprocity” of blood on both sides of the border. 8nd even the President, referring to and trade rivalries are ever present.| Canada as then a part of the British One branch of a family sides with one | Empire, noted that reciprocity would sovereignty; another member of the mean a parting of the ways.” These same family takes the other side. | statements, reported in Canada, There is, save for the Great Lakes. no | fi::‘xse‘d Suih ll’n ‘orznrumt or‘ anti- cations | erican feeling at not only was natural barrier. Yet no fortificat! i S e e have been piled along the border and, save for the War of 1812, no blood‘ has been shed. | Under the auspices of the Julius] Beer Foundation and Columbia Uni-| versity, the Columbia University | Press has just brought out a study by John W. Dafoe under the title of “Canada, An American Nation,” a study which increases amazement that peaceful relations could have sub- sisted so long in the face of inter- mittent actual friction and constant potential friction. The difficulties between the United States and Canada may be said. paradoxically, to have started with the conclusion of the first treaty of amity, commerce and navigation in 11794. This is known as the Jay | Treaty, after John Jay, who was the | negotiator for the United States. He declared its purpose to be the estab- lishment of good neighborly relations former parliamentarian of the House under Speaker Champ Clark and who succeeded to Champ Clark’s seat in the House and is chairman of the House Subcommittee on District Ap- propriations, thinks it is an appro- priate time for the people of Wash- ington to know about Willlam A. (“Silent Bill") Duvalls good work in their behalf. | Duvall is clerk to Mr. Cannon's | subcommittee and Chairman Cannon says he *“is invaluable, a tireless | worker, most efficient—who labors and this incensed many Americans who, fresh from their Revolutionary struggles, feit Canadians, still loyal to the crown, still to be enemies. They called Jay pro-British. This wis especially 30 in view of the fact that some 55,000 so-called Tories, mostly from New York, elected to remove to anada rather than remain under hat was called unbridled democracy. ‘They wanted their democracy bridled. Touchy About Annexation. That business still was rankling electorate speedily retired from office the administration that had pro- posed it. United States’ Best Market. And yet Canada is America’s best market. To the 10,000,000 people of Canada the United States sells more, even without reciprocity, than to the 40.000.000 of Great Britain, the 65,- 000,000 of Germany, the 160,000,000 of Russia or the 450,000,000 of China. And the United States also is Can- ada’s best customer. Dr. O. D. Skelton, in his General Economic History of Canada, ob- serves: “It is curious to observe the persistent belief in each of the coun- tries concerned (the United States and Canada) that its case was rooted in immutable justice, but that its ne- gotiators were as babes in the hands of the wily and unscrupulous repre- sentatives from across the border.” There have been 10 separate efforts to effect a trade agreement between the Unitd States and Canada, but on each occasion, save one, the mutual jealousies brought these efforts to naught. The one agreement, the ERgin-Marcy pact, lasted just three vears and then was denounced. This agreement was reached only under pressure. Those favoring it, just be- fore the Civil War, circulated a re- port that, unless it were ratified, the ! British colonies would come into the Union as free states. This so alarmed day and night in getting the District Wwhen the War of 1812 came along. appropriation bill in shape” The Americans are taught that this war other members of the committes Was provoked by British interference agree unanimously—and there has With American shipping, the impress- never been a leak through “Bill”|ment of seamen and West Indan from the executive sessions, and they | depredations. To Canadians that all know {t—that's why he is called | cause was secondary and trivial. They | “Silent Bill.” | Most people don't realize the amount of drudgery there is behind | getting out an appropriation bill—but Duvall does it all with a smile, and is al pleasant, courteous, oblig- |ing and never too busy to do a |favor if he can. He was formerly being built up, with | farmers to do when city industry is | employed as clerk to the Military Af- | fairs Committee of the Senate, but ! has worked with the House Appro- | priations Committee since November, 11927. He has taken charge of the | clerical work on the District appr | priation bill beginning with the fiscal {year 1932, up to and including the | 1936 measure now before the Senate. | During that period the bill has car- ried $192,013,876 in appropriations for maintaining and developing this city that is the seat of Government. The amount by years has been—1932, $45,672,838. 1933, $41.245,622: 1934, $30,375.834; 1935, $35411,178, and 1936 (as it passed the House), $39,- 308.404. | Duvall was also clerk to the In- terior Department Subcommittee, be- ginning with the fiscal year 1929, which bill carries funds for public | buildings and grounds in the Na- tional Capital, for St. Elizabeth's | Hospital, Columbia Institution for the Deaf, Howard University and Freed- men’s Hospital. | = it not only made the scheme prac- ticable, but left the die-hards with- out a sound leg to stand on. * % X % | Mr. Churchill and his colleagues of the so-called India Defense League were reduced to sheer panic-monger- ing. The government was scuttling looked upon the War of 1812 a= an American attempt at the conquest of Canada. Andrew Jackson. the leading mili- |tary hero of that struggle, had written: “How pleasing the prosnect that would open up to the young vol- | unteer while performing a militarw | promenade into a distant country | and the general went on to remark that, as a result of this promenade, the republican standard would be set on the Heights of Abraham. Such statements, together with the fact | that, in the elections of 1810. full two | years before the war. something of an |issue had been made of an invasion | of Canada, confirmed the Canadians | in their belief that the Americans were their worst enemies. | The War of 1812 was bitter. It is | frequently forgotten that the Capitol | and White House at Washington were | burned in a British raid of no military | significance, but merely as a reprisal against a raid by Americans upon a | Canadian town where non-com- | patants had been slain. The treaty of Ghent, signed in 1815, ended hos- the South, because it would mean the out-voting of the slave States, that they agreed. But the agreement lasted only three vears. When the act of dominion consoli- dated the several separate Canadian provinces into one body politic, erect- ing a new nation, the House of Rep- resentatives, in 1867, formally pro- tested, declaring this to be a violation of the Monroe Doctrine. The extent to which bickering and back-biting has been going on con- stantly is amazing. The British Maj. Gen. C. W. Robinson, for example, prepared a detailed plan for the de- fense of the Canadian border. Sites of fortifications were selected and every plan laid for border warfare, offensive and defensive. Yet, while the United States, not being & member of the League of Na- tions, was voiceless, Canada, with a voice, stood as advocate of North American principles, both American and Canadian. as against the British Empire; and Canada protested against renewal of the Anglo-Jap- anese alliance because it was against | Canadian and American interests. Mr. Dafoe’s study shows that it is possible to quarrel for more than a century and yet shed no blood. The European chancelleries might take & leaf from this book. |Survey of Commodity and Service Credits BY HARDEN COLFAX. consumer in paying his bills to the EFift_v Years Ago In The Star Professional base ball was not as How much behind is the average highly organized 50 years ago as it is today and has Base Ball as been for & good Big Business Many vears past, the games was but attendance on | for those tinds retail merchants and professional men in his community? Facts on this | situation Pave been gathered by the Department of Commerce at the re- | quest of s Committee on Consumer nevertheless heavy The Star of April from India. It was betraying a great | Debt, which is reporting to the Con- 2, 1885, says The idea of spending new billions is | not been expected to take it, certainly | the trust. It was stripping the empire of its most precious possession. It was | impoverishing Lancashire. It was handing the unfortunate people of India over to red ruin and the break- ing up of laws. All this fell flat in the country, and | meanwhile the India bill in Parlia- ment went forward with the over- ‘whelming backing of all parties, even of the Conservative party, which, hav- ing to choose between the persuasions of Stanley Baldwin and Mr. Churchill, had no hesitation in supporting the former. * ok ok x Then came the resolution of the princes at the Bombay conference in | condemnation of the bill, and the | fate of the scheme seemed in the bal- |ance. The Churchill faction hailed the resolution as the death-knell of | the bill, their chief backer in the press the egregious Lord Rothermere, sent a message of congratulations to the princes, and even the sup- porters of the government took alarm. For a moment the project seemed tot- | tering, and in political circles the resignation of Sir Samuel Hoare, the Indian secretary, was thought to be probable. | I do not suggest that the publica- | tion of the correspondence removes | all ground for disquiet, but it cer- tainly disposes of any reason for alarm. It shows clearly that the princes have not “abandoned feder- ation.” In their covering note the signatory princes state, “it is not in our opinion beyond the sphere of statesmanship to adjust our differ- ences in such a manner as would lead to a satisfactory and desired result.” The amendments they suggest are not fundamental, still less are they “wrecking” amendments. * ok k% That is the case in regard to the exercise of the paramountcy of the crown. There has long been a desire on the part of some of the princes to get a relaxation of British au- thority in their own interests, and they are not unnaturally anxious, when so much is in the melting pot, to press their claims on this account. But this is a matter for discussion between the government and the princes themselves and is altogether outside the scope of the bill. It is not suggested that any prin- ciple in the bill is contrary to the agreements reached at the round- table conference, and so far as the detalls of draftsmanship are con- cerned there should be no difficulty. The princes now agree to discussions between their legal representatives and the parliamentary draftsmen in London, and there can be no doubt that the purely technical obstacles to acceptance of the bill will be re- moved. All this goes to show that Mr. Churchill’s ecstacies are premature and excessive. But it wouid be idle to deny that the incident has given government and friends of the bill a nasty jar. £ (coyrisht. 2] | sumer Advisory Board of the N. R. A. | The Commerce Department has | just brought out the results of this survey, analyzing the overdue ac- | counts of some representative groups | Shows how silly a man can be and yet | for a period of six months or more. | be allowed to run at large. Very pos- The data were obtained from typical sibly enough people will pay their “Some crank has figured up that base ball will cost the country $16.- 000,000 this season. This statement localities and trades and may be taken as a fair sample of consumer debt conditions generally. The figures indicate that the per- centage of accounts receivable which have been unpaid for more than a half year was much lowe: for the re- tail creditors reporting than the per- centage of delinquency for a parallel group of service creditors—that is, professional or other people and ins tutions not delivering goods but per- forming services to the public. * X kX ‘There may be a reason for this difference in the promptness of the two groups to pay bills on time. The compilers of the Department of Com- merce survey believe that storekeep- ers and others who deal in commodi ties are more apt to check up care- fully on the worthiness of an appli- cant for credit than those in the serv- ice group, who are often compelled to give credit without careful inves- tigation. Furthermore, the methods used by the service group in trying to collect overdue accounts are probably less group. Doctors, lawyers and others who “advise” the public are, of course, more reluctant to press debt- ors than are grocers, butchers and other merchants. Grocery stores reported that, on the | average, 25 per cent of their total dollar accounts were six months or more behind in payment This was | the highest ratio of backwardness in | settlement among any of the groups. | Department stores reported 9 per cent. The average value of delinquent ac- counts for all retail establishments was slightly more than one-half of that for the service organizations. Physicians reported clients as 67 per cent behindhand in payments, a de- linquency higher than any of the other types of creditors in the serv- ice group. The landlords said their bad debts were lowest—45 per cent. The retail creditors reported that, of the amount they expect to collect, 12 per cent will be spent in collection costs, while service creditors antici- pate 15 per cent costs. Forty-five per cent of those reporting among the commodity group said they made & compromise in settlement, while 48 per cent of the service group reported doing likewise. * X % One striking fact brought out is that, while the small local banks are very generally used, comparatively few retail and service creditors make any use of merchant credit bureaus. In certain cases private collection agencies are used, but the commodity groups resorted to these methods and aggressive than those of the retail | quarter or half-dollars during the Summer at the entrances of base ball grounds to make up an aggregate of $16.000,000, but if so the money is not lost in any sense of the term. The | people simply change the coins from | one pocket to the other and every- | body is the gainer. The national | game must not go, but almost every- | body will go to the national game.” x s President Cleveland continued the custom of inviting the chg:zn | . of Washi n Egg Rolling at (o the White i House Grounds the White House. Zoe B day for the annual egg-rolling. The Star of April 6, 1885, says: “The White House Grounds, just south of the Executive Mansion, pre- sented an animated scene from early this morning till late in the after- noon. The little children gathered there .in large forces to indulge in the annual custom of Easter egg-rolling. | At noon it was estimated that over | a thousand little ones had full pos- | session of the White House Grounds. Notwithstanding the backward Spring, the fertile knolls of the grounds were covered with a carpet of velvety green and the little ones romped and rolled in every direction. Many of them were accompanied by their mothers, maiden aunts or nurses, who kept careful watch over their charges, Many brought their lunches with them and enjoyed them under the spreading trees at noon while taking a rest from the day's sports. The participants in the egg-rolling sports were of all ages. Well-grown school girls seemed to enjoy the sport as much as any one, while the American small boy was in his glory. In his high-water pants and shirt sleeves he rolled eggs, rolled himself and rolled other boys and virtually took posses- sion of the grounds. President Cleve land now and then had an oppore tunity during the day to glance from his library windows at the merry throng, and in witnessing the enjoy- ment the little ones took in their sports, which were new to him, must have felt well repaid for not forbid- ding them from trespassing upon their Easter playgrounds.” tailers reported that they “repos~ sessed” merchandise sold but unpaid for at the end of six months, -none of the grocers and very few of the men's and women'’s clothing store proprie- tors reparted such a policy. ‘The proportion of tota! business on credit of all kinds amcunted to 55 per cent. The service group had a much greater proportion of business on a credit basis than the retall suits in the courts twice as frequently group, 90 per cent as pompared with * per cent. ‘ (Copyright. 1935.)