Evening Star Newspaper, May 9, 1933, Page 6

SECRETARY ICKES | 10 REDUCE BUDGET Forum Speaker Declares De- | partment Will Cost Less ‘Than Appropriation. Pending announcement of specific ! figures by the White House, Secretary! Ickes said last night that the 1934 operating expenditures of the Interior Department “will be considerably less than the amount appropriated, $55,- 860.936. The cabinet officer was speaking in the National Radio Forum arranged by | The Washington Star and broadcast over a coast-to-coast network of the National Broadcasting Co. He said the department had on its rolls appreximately 15,000 regular em- ployes and 3.200 temporary workers. He did not indicate how many workers | would be furloughed as the result of the economy program. Starting from the time the depart- ment was organized in 1849, Mr. Ickes gave a review of its growth and activi- ties. He said the present day functions are sociological and”scientific and ex- plained the primary concern of the de-| partment is the protection and enlarge- | ment of life and the conservation of natural resqurees. He said it was his opinion his agency | “comes closer to life, happiness and well-being of the average citizen of the United States than, perhaps, any of the other great administrative divisions of the Government.” Importance of Department. The text of Secretary Ickes' address follows Established by the act of March 3, 1349, the Department of the Interior, | comprising within its jurisdiction as it{ Goes so many varied and widely diver- | t activities, is, to my mind, the most ting division of the Federal Gov- From building up a reindeer herd in Alaska to cultivating tomatoes in the Virgin Islands; from supervising | the social and business affairs of the approximately 228.000 Indian wards of the United States to keeping touch with the activities of hospitals and schools for the Negroes; from administering the 14,702.205 acres of the national parks| and monuments and seeing that they are available at all seasonable times for the enjoyment of the millions cf Amer ican citizens who visit them each ycar, to passing upon such technical matters as are involved in the administration of the Generat Land Office, the’ Geological Survey and the Reclamation Service, offers a sufficient variety to engage the enthusiastic interest of any man. So erse are the activities of the Interior Department and so pressing are the many important questions that | are presented daily for decision that one wonders how the Federal (Rovern- ment managed to get along without this department prior to 1849. Historically, the department grew out of the General Land Office, which was organized orig- inally as a bureau of the Treasury D: partinent under the act of April 25, 1812. The work of this office had become 50 burdensome to the Treasury Department that it was turned over to | the Interior Departyent for administra- tion in 1849. This really marks the beginning of the Interior Department, which was intended to be, and still is, | the Land. Home and Education Depart- ment of the Government. The first annual appropriation for the Department of the Interior was 584,029.77. The highest appropria- ticn ever made was +n 1929 and amounted to $352,332,000, of which $275.950,000 was for pensions and civil service retirement, since transferred to the Veterans' Administration. For the fiscal vear of 1933 the appropriation was $81,325,484, and for the fiscal year, 1934, | which begins July 1, next, the appropri- | ation is $55.860,936. However, in con formity with President Roosevelt's cconomy program, the actual expendi- tures for the department for 1934 will be considerably less than the appro- priation. About 15,000 Employes. The department employs, roughly, 15,000 persons, of whom about 2,200 nya temporary employes. For reasons that are obvious, let me hasten to add that practically ‘all of these employes are under civil service, But if my listeners have as much dif- culty carrying figures in their minds as I have, they will not be interested in having too many dry statistics detailed to them. T take it that, as taxpayers and voters. having the fortunately re- vived interest in our Government that is so widespread at this time, they would rather have from me a brief outline of what this department is responsible for s its share of the administration of the Fc_t[x;ral 1GD\'ernment_ e functions of the depa broadly stated, are sccfloloeli’c:rn:?l& scientific. Our primary concern is the protection and enlargement of life and the conservation of natural resources, For the eflective administration of the Tesponsibilities entrusted to this depart- ment several bureaus have been estab- lishd, each specializing in a particular fleld. A brief review of the activities of these will give an idea of the scope of the work of the department and demon- strate that it comes closer to the life, happiness and well-being of the average citizen of the United States than, per- haps, any of the other great administra~ tive divisions of the Government, The General Land Office: There are more than 300.000.000 acres of unappro- priated public lands in the United States preper, of which 49,333,717 acres still Temain to be surveyed. This takes no account of the hundreds of millions of acres of public lands, which, through the General Land Office, have already passcd into the hands of private citizens ‘m;j”dlm homestead law. and is the basis of our ‘civi . What citizen has not felt the pesion; land hunger? It is-as common to the lawyer who works in his skyscraper office as to the farmer whose possessive feet sink deep into the loosened soil- of the furrow he is plowing. Uninspiring as the term “General Land Office” is no bureau of the Government has meant more to the citizens of the United States, or has made a larger payment in L?&miz‘i?v o; (peace, contentment and v of thousan ousal orNuur KAk ds upon th nds or is the General Land - cerned exclusively with the hmcr:gc::d the development of agricultural, grazing and forest lands. It is the trustee, Tep- resenting the whole people of the United States, of the mineral wealth that les in the bosom of the soil, of the unde- veloped and undiscovered oil pools within the publie ‘domain, of the water power sites. of enormo e brmous financial po- Every Citiden Affected. It may be thought b General” Lund " Offe ks o mebice o8 local concern to those living on or near Wwhat is or has been the public domain, As a matter of facf, the administra- tion of this office profoundly -affects the citizens of every State of the Union, even ot those States where for years, it ever, there has beéa no such thing as a public domsin. “The discovere or potential weaith in\or - underlyi the national domain belongs to all the people of the Unitéd States; and the general economic well being of the entire country would be adversely af fected in a drastic manner if suddenly, through some cataclysm of nature, this vast national wealth should disappear over night. The Geological Survey: This was es- tablished under the act of March 3, 1879. It is concerned with the dis covery, appraisal and development of natural resources, including water pow- er. Its work represents a combination of highly practical and scientific serv- jces. Fts principal activities are the making of topographic and geological surveys, the gauging of stri the classification of Jands fieldxamina- tiong the supervision of mined§! leasing ic lands, and the investigation NING _STAR, WASHINGTON, SECRETARY OF INTERIOR ICKES. of mineral resources in Alaska. It goes without saying that undiscovered or un- developed mineral wealth is of no bene- fit to the peoble. In bringing sources of vast mineral wealth so as t permit of its development, the Geologi- cal S has been of inestimable value to the people, Coldly scientific in its interests and in its approach to problems, its opinion on any matter within _its jurisdiction is recognized everywhere as bejng the last word. Bureau of Reclamation: This bureau was established under the act of June 17, 1902. It is charged with the duty of developing the agricultural, possibili- ties of the arid and semi-afid regions of the United Stat('l.Y The present to- tal area irrigated Yrom Government works comprise 2.846.607 acres with a crop value in 1931 of $73,960.377. total crop value of irrigated iand crops from 1906 to 1931, inclusive. reaches the impressive figure of $1,835.889 For the work of this bureau appropri: tions are made from the reclamatiom fund, which is a revolving fund con- sisting of revenues from public lands and repayments by water users in the reclamation distric The projects are to be self-liquidating and a all of them are managed by local water-user organizations. construction job now being handled by this bureau is the Colorado River Proj- ect, which includes Boulder Dam and the All-American Canal. Beginning with the fiscal year of 1931 and up to and including the fiscal year 1934, a total sum of $56.660,000 has been ap- propriated for this project, which, in the end, exclusively of the All-Amer- ican Canal, will cost a total of ap- proximately $125,000,000 to be repaid by income earned under contracts made with various muncipalities that are to enjoy the fruits of the enterprise. The construction contract calls for the com- pletion of the dam within seven years and the work is now about 15 months ahead of schedule. Work in Education. Office of Education: This bureau was originally established as a department under the act of Margh 2, 1867, and became & part of the Interior Depart- ment in 1869. Its functions are re- search and the dissemination of data on education. - Its personnel consists mainly of specialists in the various branches of educational work. It has The | The major ‘ no administrative functions. It is a | scientific bureau intended to collect and | furnish accurate information relative to light | to schools, based on careful studies for | as to | the purpose of stimulating those en-| throu to an gaged in education hout the | United _ States standard. Institutions: Howard University, es- tablished by the act of March 2, 1867, is an institution of higher education | for the colored youth of the Nation in the liberal arts and sciences, in medi- cine, law and religion. It the larg- est Negro university in the world. The Government, thréugh the Interior De- ever partment, contributes to the salaries and | general _expenses of the university, which, however, is administered inde- ! pendently of this depertment. the control of the War Department, was transferred to the Interfor Department by the act of June 23, 1874. It pro- vides medical and surgical treatment for Negroes. St. Elizabeth’s Hospital was estab- lished under the act of March 3, 1855, and is a Class “A” institution for the treatment of mental diseases of men in the Army and Navy and of resi- dents of the District of Columbia. Columbia Institution for the Deaf | cares for the deaf mutes of the States and territories and of the District of , Colurhbia. It was established by.the act of February 16, 1857. Territories: Virgin Islands are among the adminis- trative responsibilities of the Depart- ment of the Interior. The gross area of Alaska. both land and water, is approximately square miles. and its population, ac- cording to the 1930. census, is 5 Dakota, South Dakoto. Minnesota, Wis- consin, Iowa, Nebraska. Illinois, Mis- souri and Kansas. Purchased original- ly from Russia in 1867, for $7,200,000 |in gold. its minerals alone have been a source of vast wealth to the United States, without taking into account other unexplored and undeveloped min- eral riches of proportions. Gold, cepper, silver and minor mineral prody £ have already been produced to the total value of man being. the | there is something of fisheries of Alaska have yielded about ' culture of the American Indians. about $650,000.000. In addition, higher Freedmen's Hospital, originally under | $1,600,000,000 in round fiuru—not a bad return on an original investment of a little over $7,000,000. Operation of Rallroad. The United States Goverment has built and now owns and operates a railroad in Alaska, 479 miles in extent. We also own two steamships. One, the North Star, operates between the water terminus of this railroad and Seattle, thus providing for freight and passenger traffic between ports in Alaska and the United States proper and as far North as Point Barrow in the Arctic Circle. The other, the Boxer, will ply between ports in Alaska, carrying medical sup- plies, fuel, etc. Besldes fostering important commer- cial salmon and seal fisheries already mentioned, a comparatively new Gov- ernment enterprise in Alaska has been the development of a reindeer herd for the benefit for the natives. This herd is now estimated at 800,000 head. Hawali, while technically within the jurisdiction of this department, is prac- tically self-supporting, and except for the appointment of a governor by the President, is in effect independent ad- ministratively of the Federal Govern- ment. . The Virgin Islands, originally pur- chased from Denmark, were transferred to the Interior Department from the Navy Department in 1931. The de- partment has purchased land in the islands for homesteading and is engaged in readjusting families on the land in the Island of St. Croix. Our chief con- cerns are to make these islands eco- nomically self-sufficient, to raise the standard of living and to improve the system of education. Serious problems are presented here, but we are hope- fully trying to solve them. Varied and interesting are the com- ponent parts of the Department of the Interior already enumerated. We come now to two bureaus which are more appealing to the imaginations of a greater number of people than any of the other activities within our jurisdic- tion. I refer, of course, to the Bureau | of Indian Affairs and the National Park | Service. ‘What boy has not felt repeated thrills as he has listened to talesof the orig- | inal Americans or read the pages of such a book as “The Last of the Mo- hicans?” Generally speaking. we have been taught to regard the Indian either as a highly romantic, noole figure or as a cunning and revengeful savage. We have not, at any rate until re- from ours; because he has spoken & different language; because he has pre- ferred to live his own life and develop his own culture; we have put him out- side the pale. we have pressed him ever backward, ruthlessly and greedily taking from him his fertile soil and his rich resources. Indians Widely Stparated, Alaska, Hawaii and the | 586,400 probably _ tremendous Now the Indians are herded in reser. vations located in widely separated parts They #re wards of the | Government and until a new and more humane concept of our duties and re- ponsibilities began to dawn on us not many years ago, we resolutely kept them outside our consciousness except when we saw them dancing and performing always in roles inferior to the white man, in our wild West shows. It was | no concern of ours if they lived in squalor and ignorance, restricted to in- hospitable areas whittled out of a vast domain that until the coming of the | white man was theirs by immemorial right of possession. If they were cold and hungry and diseased it was their own fault. " We did not know about the 8. | under-feeding, to the very point of star- In area it is roughly equivalent to the combined areas of the States of North vation, of their children. We did not want tc know. Why should our smug self-satisfaction be disturbed? But gradually a different and more humane attitude has been adopted by the Government toward the Indians. | Slowly, perhaps even grudgingly, we have come to admit that we have a moral responsibility that we can no longer evade. We have discovered to Jour surprise that the Indian is not only a human being but, if given a | chance, a likeable and interesting hu. the We value in $950.000.000. Here we have a total of know now that in the Southwest, no- D. C., TUESDAY, tably in New Mexico and Arizona, are well developed civilizations that go back to a time centuries before the white man ever set foot on American soil. We can even see a value—a dollar and cent value—in fostering the'arts of the Indians which we have come to appreciate. Men boast of Indian blood in their veins. Womegn of culture and artistic perceptions in our Eastern cities are proud of the fine rugs and other Indian artifacts in their homes. They wear artistic jewelry fashioned out of Mexican pesos and raw turquoise by the skillful hand of the Navajo silversmith working with only the crude imple- ments of hammer and anvil. American artists of the first rank flock to the Southwest to paint colorful pictures of native Indian life and native Indian pueblos which we buy at large prices proudly to display on our walls. We can even see something worth while in the age-old ceremonials of the Indians. By the thousands, tour- ists flock into thé desert spaces of New Mexico and Arizona to see the Buffalo dance, the corn dance, the Shaliko and that most sensational of all native cere- monies, the snake dance. Policy Toward Indlans. The policy of the Bureau of Indian | | Affairs is to help the Indian to help“ | himself. We want to protect him in his property rights. We want to pre- vent further ruthless exploitation, We | | want to encourage him to live his own | life in his own way. We want the| white neighbors of these original | Americans to learn to respect their re- | | ligions and and their ceremonies. We | want the Indians thepselves io re- | | build and develop their own cultural | life. Our policy is to encourage both | races to live together in mutual toler- |ance and understanding. The national parks and monuments are one of the most cherished posses- | sions of the people, and the National Park Service which operates them is | outstanding as an_efficient and under- | | standing agency of the Government. Until recent years practically all of | ‘lhe national parks were in the West, | | where natural phenomena and areas of | | rare beauty and charm insistently called for preservation for all time to come. | | But so great a want were these West- | {ern parks found to fill that the Gov-| ernment decided to develop a park sys- tem in the East, so that we now have or are about to have the Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, Isle Royale in_Michigan, the Great Smoky Moun- | be dedicated to the United States Gov- | ernment on July 4, and the Acadia Na- | tional Park in Maine In addition to these great playgrounds the historic | tion as a national monument to the MAY 9, 1933. EiPing and deveioping - thess AN ‘monuments the Federal Gov- | ernment has been generously assisted | by some of the States and by citizens either acting individually or in associa. tion with each other. The State of Virginia by aj fating $1,000,900 and raising u'mr s nal $1,000,000 ‘15309' ular subscription, _including 000 given by Edsel Ford and $200,- 000 by John D, Rockefeller, jr., has acquired the land for the Shenandoah National Park, which will be turned over to the United States Government as soon as a few remaining technical questions of title have been solved. The States of Tennessee and North Carc- lina have opened their purses to ac- quire that wonderful and mysterious section of wooded heights now known as the Great Smoky Mountains Na- tional Park. In buying this area these two Statés have also leaned heavily on the generosity of Mr. Rockefeller, who has put into the enterprise $5,000, 000, matching an equal amount paid by the two States mentioned. Rebuilding of Wakefield. An organization of patriotic women, under leadership of Mrs. Josephine Rust, and encouraged by a gift of $113,000 from Mr. Rockefeller, is re- sponsible for the rebuilding and de- velopment of Wakefleld, the ®irthplace of George Washington, and its dedica- be_the In a parks Federal Government. Citizens of New Jersey, inspired by an offer of $300,000 by Lloyd Smith of New York, have contributed to the purchase of the Mor- ristown National Park. Stephen T. Mather of Chicago, in whose honor a_memorial tablet will be dedicated at Bear Mountain in the Palisades Park on May 27, was the man who dreamed a dream of what the national parks ought to mean to the United States.|is Jobn D. Rockersiler, jr. people. It was he who as director of the National Park Service had the foresight to lay deep and wide the foundations upon which we have been building ever since. Out of his com- paratively modest fortune he contrib- uted, while in the Government service, several hundred thousand dollars to the development of the parks and the upbullding of the park service. Wil- llam Kent, at one time also a citizen of Chicago and later a resident of and Congressman from the State of Cali- fornia, bought and dedicated Muir Woods to the National Government, thereby saving a fine grove of the great cently, looked upon him as.a fellow | tains National Park in Tennessee and | red wood trees, which, but for his in- human being. Because his habits and | North Carolina, the Morristown Na- | tervention, would long ago have suc- customs and religion have been different | ticnal Park in New Jersey, which will cumbed to the woodman's ax. But the one man who has done most to help us realize the ideals that Stephen T. Mather and Horace Al- bright, his successor in the service, have As the dominant race, | Mammouth Cave in Kentucky will soon had with respect to our national parks, —— e e CATARRH ? Do you get attacks of catarrh so badly that ordinary cigarettes are flat, tasteless? Here's good news for you. Spud is the one cigarette that you can smoke and ENJOY any time, because of its menthol-coolno;ss and its fine, full-bodied tobacco flavor. Don’t wait until you do get an attack. Try Spud today. We have found out that " Gord Yoarborn Meck, May 9, 1933 Avsrea'. thing has occurred amongst us. We have made a complete turn= around, and at last America's face is toward the future. Three years---1929 to 1932---we Americans looked backward. All our old financial and political machinery was geared to pull us out of the depression by the same door through which we ;x;ured. We thought ‘it simply a case of going back the way we came. is forward---through Thanks for that belongs to Presidem Roosevelt. turned the Ship of State around. efforts to haul us back the way we came, he designed a new method- It failed. it. Inauguration Day he Having observed the failure of sincere =-new political and financial machinery---to pull us out the way we are going- forward. stand in awe of tariffs. He is clearing international obstacles out of the way; he does The people begin to feel that he does not take advice from the "interests"; that he has courage and loyalty to work for one supreme interest only---the welfare of the American people. a big achievement for two months in office. That is We now realize that the way out And now we all look to what is coming; we grow less and less concerned with what is behind. man wants to do what We are looking for a hand-hold on the haul rope. he can, and all he can. Every The best thing I can do for the Country is to create industry by bfiuding good motor cars. If I knew anything better to do, I would do it. must be my contribution. Motor cars must face ahead to the future, like everything else. they lag behind they hold the Country backe - ey Industry They are so much a part of the Nation's daily life that if U: ostentatiously, but with rare imagina- tion and unmatched liberality, he has already actually given scme $10,000,000 for our national parks and monuments, and before he shall have reached the end of his rainbow his Jtneruslt.y will be exj in the startling figurcs of approximately $25,000,000, poured out in order that our children may have preserved for their enjoyment and in- spiration these glorious areas of trees and flowers, of beautiful lakes and limpid streams, of towering moun- tains and expansive meadows where vast herds of netive animals graze, se- cure from the huntsman. I have already enumerated some of the items that go to make up this total. Another of Mr. Rockefeller's gifts was that of $1,500,000 to enlarge the Teton National Park in Wyoming. When the great sugar pine forest which | is now part of the Yosemite was threat- | encd with destruction he found $1,650.- | 000 to save it. He is spending $4,000,000 for a system of highways in Acadia National Park in Maine, and d in the park itself he has already given of the probable present value of $500.- 000. Special mention should also be made of the additional $7,000,000 al- ready expended toward his brilliantly %onoelved restoration of Willlamsburg, a. Generosity, this, which stirs our sen- timents and appeals to our imagination, poured out on national projects which likewise stir our sentiments and appeal to our imagination. Where else in the world can such an investment in a dream be matched? Individuals and States have joined with the United States to preserve such wonders of | nature as are so lavishly displayed in | Yellowstone Park. Magnificent speci- mens of the oldest living things in the world, the giant Sequoias, happily preserved from being turhed into shingles and posts, will continue to ~® ala by motor in and the NAT stand sentinel over the and going of countless gerprations of men. Snow-covered peaks will forever tower in their majesty in Glacier and Rocky Mountain and Mount Rainier Parks for the inspiration of mankind. this, A generous and noble heri to pass on to our children. A made possible by the vision and gen= erosity of men. Alumni Dinner Arranged. The Frankiin and Marshall Alumnf Assocation will hold its annual dinner at the Kennedy-Warren Apartments Friday, May 19, 2t 6:30 pm. Rev. Robe ert J. Pilgram, secretary of the college, will be gu Me preside. CORNS t speaker. D president of tie as RELIEF! Nothing you ever tried acts | TOES! like Dr. Scholl's Zino-pads. - Put one on and enjoy instant, safe relief from corns, sore toes. No strapping; na bother; no risk of acid burn orinfectio They stop the cause—shoe pressure— soothe and heal. Used with the separate Medicated Disks, included in every box, thess thin, protective pads quickly and safely remove corns. Sold everywhere. DrScholls Zinopad mon to the Rim -detours Mexico JONAL PARKS n “All-Expense Vacation Tours te California (meals optional) stops_for Colorado Springs. Indian. M. Grand Canyon fione Natlonal Park or Canadian Chicago, depending on tours selected and accommodations. tionate charges from other points. G. May we send plcture folders m With -detour’ National Park. and Phone: owder... and Carisbad Ci s N. Also via Yeliow- At $125 and up Rockies. C. DILLARD. Dist. Pass. Agent TA FE RY 302 Frankiin Trust Rldg. 1500 Chestnut St. at 15th PHILADELPHIA. PA Rittenhouse 1464-1415 They Found an Easier, Quicker, Better Way to Whiten Teeth Do As Your Dentist Does . . . Use POWDER HERE is nothing known that will clean and polish teeth so quickly and leave them so gleaming white—as POWDER. That is why your dentist, when eleaning your teeth, as you know— always uses powder. Asit is only the powder part of any dentifrice that cleans, a dentifrice that is ALL POWDER just naturally Dr. Lyon’s Tooth Powder is ALL POWDER—100% cleans- ies. Thisi than twi fim- i8 is more' wwe . dmhmm Dull Teeth Dentists everywhere Dr. Lyon's ‘Tooth Powder, because— teeth linh\y cannot remain dull and film coated when it is used. ina De.LYON'S and practical wey that leaves them sparkling—many shades whiter. No Grit—No Pumice Free from all grit or pumice, Dr. Lyon’s cannot possibly scratch, of injure the softest enamel, as years of constant use have shown. Dr.Lyon’s Tooth Powder keepsyour teeth REALLY CLEAN and clean teeth mean—firm, healthy gums, frees dom from pyorrhea and the least pose sibletooth decay. Lasts Lnngu;mu Less Once you use Dr. Lyon's Tooth Powder, you will never be satisfled to use anything else. It leaves your usct’i: feeling so much cleaner, your mouth so refreshed, and your 8o sweet and pure. Dr. Lyon’s is not only doubly efficient, but 1% costs only half as much to uee. Even a small pack- age lasts twice as long a8 & tube of tooth paste. TooTH POWDER