Evening Star Newspaper, October 13, 1931, Page 3

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Clev. 0619, | League cannot fail, for its success is | and America as well as that of China , and other members of the League.” |tary operaticns in Manchuria are at a I CHINA'S APPEAL | HEARD BY LEAGUE Sze Warns Disarmament Depends on Prevention of War With Japan. (Continued From First Page) bound up with the interests of all civilized nations, with that of Japan Japan's Side Presented. Yoshizawa presented his side of the case when the council reconvened after luncheon. Japan still insists on direct nego- tiations with China, he told his col- leagues, and meanwhile an official note from his government indicates its mili- | standstill. ! Since the beginning, operations of ! Japanese troops, he said, have been for the protection of Koreans and Japanese against the “robber mandate As for the hombardment of Chin- chow, he was instructed to say. the | Japanese government explains it as in retaliation for a Chinese attack on | Japanese planes. These planes had been dispatched to Chinchow for recon- naissance when it was reported Chinese soldiers were assembling_there along the South Manchurian Railway. Denies State of War. “It is clear that no state of war ex- | sts,” said a note from his government | which the Japanese representative read | to the Council, “but Japanese troops are obliged to observe artentively the movement of Chinese troops and to | | take careful measures of precaution” | | "It is not correct to say that the situ- | { ation is aggravated. the note read, “in | the face of anti-Japanese agitation by | | which Chira herself is aggravating the situation, Japan has uniformly adopted an attitude of patience and calm.” | Absence of guarantees for the safety | of the Japanese population and property forbids rapld evacuation of troops in | Manchuria, the note went on, but the Japanese government is ready to discuss with Chinese representatives *certain fundamental . points necessaary for the maintenance of normal relations.” Briand Is Presiding. Foreign Minister Briand of France was in the chair. He was substituting for Foreign Minister Alejandro Lerroux | of Spain, who was unable to be present to occupy his post as president of the Council. Lord Reading was represent- ing Great Britain and Dino Grandi was the delegate for Italy. Other na- tions represented were Germany, Poland, Spain and Jugoslavia. M. Briand, in opening this meeting. expressed appreciation for the interest and support of the United States in the League’s effort to establish peace. CHINA ANSWERS DEMANDS. Declares Invasion of Manchuria Con- stituted State of War. NANKING, October 13 (A).—Pend- ing action by the League of Nations'| Council in the Sino-Japanese dispute. | China today answered the Tokio govern ment's recent demand for the suppres- sion of anti-Japanese demonstrations in_this country. The reply was handed to Japanese J HE EVENING Y AR, WASHINGTON, D. Q 2} TUESDAY, OCT OBER 13, 1931 Japanese Guard Mukden ARMORED CAR READY FOR ACTION. APANESE milit notes made by Chi the movement was operations_in to the L aused by Mukden, a major ¢ PEACE PROSPECTS BETTER, U.3. HEARS Brighter Reports on Far East Situation Given Cahinet by President. of hostiliti Brighter on the Manchurian ituaticn were submiited to the cabi- net today by President Hoover There were indications in high offi- clal circles that the efforts of the League of Nations and other interested parties were bearing fruit Mr. Hoover had at hand reports from American observers both in Manchuria @onsul Uyemura in the ahsence of Minister Shigemitsu. who left, here this | morning for Shanghai on a Japanese | warship. | The seriousness with which Washing- | ton and London view the crisis is_ex pected to bring American Minister Nel- | son T. Johnson and British Minister Sir | Miles' “Lampson from _Peiping to Nanking in the next two days. | Occupation Called War. High official quarters disclosed that today’s Chinese reply to Japan's warn- | ing against anti-Japanese demonstra- tions reiterated that the Japancse in- | vasion of Southern Manchuria was a violation of international agreements and would contend that the occupa- tion_constituted a state of war The Chinese reply was understood also to contend that both Chinese and Japanese governments. being members of the League and signatories to the Kellogg pact renouncing war, should seck a peaceful solution of the disputes. but that the League had asked Jaban to withdraw her troops from Manchuria and Japan had not complied. The reply also was Tepresented as having stated that the Chinese govern- ment never had offered armed resist- ance and had kept the feeling of the Chinese people in check, protected Japanese lives and property and ful- filled her promises to the League. In accordance with a League of Na- tions Council suggestion, China's reply is understood to say the Chinese gov- ernment_appointed representatives to take over territory occupied by the Japanese, but that Japanese troops never were withdrawn, as Japan had promised. The Chinese answer also was said to have argued that the unpopularity of Japanese goods in China had been | caused by Japan's unfriendly acts and that the Chinese government could not interfere with the people’s free- dom to purchase as they wish. China’s answer _additionally was stated to have said that she would con- tifie to protect Japanese lives and property, but that if Japan continued to use war as an instrument of na- tional policy she must be held respon- sible for the consequences. The Chinese government says there at present are 25 Japanese warships on the Yangtze River. NAME CRATER IN HONOR OF LATE DR. G. P. MERRILL Department of Interior to Pay Tribute to Former Curator of Geology at Smithsonian, A monument_from the skies is the rare tribute to be paid to the late Dr. George P. Merrill, for many years cura- tor of geology of the Smithsonian In- stitution. It was announced today that his name would be given by the Department of the Interior to a large crater near the Coconimo National Forest, in Ari- zona, caused in the distant past by the fall of a huge meteorite. Dr. Merrill was the world's foremost authority on these celestial visitors, having written more than 60 scientific | papers on the projectiles which strike the earth from outer space. One of his studies was in the locality which will bear his name. Will Rogers BEVERLY HILLS, Calif. —If I had suggested such a “nut” thing I doubt if even my own papers would have run it, but somebody in of- ficial life done it on the level— suggested that England pay us her debts in battleships, that they had more than we have. gland bring uver a couple of big dread- naughts to us and turning the sailors loose on the “dole.” Why not let Italy pay in spaghetti and France in perfume and berets? and at Ge a said they indicated “there are rift. n the clouds which have gathered over Manchuria. I believe that daylight is getting in.” Hopeful since the outbreak of fight- ing between Japan and China that in- tervention would be unnecessaty, the United States welcomed reports from Tokio that officials of the disputants had undertaken scttlement by direct negotiations. The reports reached Washington as | the State Department prepared to act either independently or with the League of Nations to demand that China and Japan respect their treaty obligations renouncing war a na- tional policy. Officials saw in the de- cision a willingness on the part of the Oriental nations themselves to prevent the catastrophe of a general war, Nations Marshal Strength{ world leading nations continued to mar- shal their strength behind a demand that peace be prescrved. The action of these governments dur- ing the weeks since fighting began ha been by no means confined to pul pronouncements and appeals he United States and other great powers | have been in constant communication through dfplomatic channels with Tokio and Nanking. seeking informally every avenue toward peaceful settlement These communications have dealt in detail with situations treated more or s generally in notes made public v impress the great interest of the outside world in the situation without, however, exerting pressure for any spe- cific form of agreement. In effect, these nations have said.to Chira and Japan: “Settle it your own way. but, the sake of world peace, settle it.” China Has Most Troops. The reports from Tokio that China had agreed t> discuss peaceful pgree- ment marked a departure by China from its_refusal previously expressed to treat directly. Just a few hours be- fore President Chiang Kai-Shek had warned that unless action came from the League of Nations China would re- sort to war to expel the Japanese troops, who now hold many strategic centers in_Manchuria. Should war eventuate, the Ilatest figures available indicate China would find itself with the most troops under arms. 5 for he League of Nations in 1929 esti- mated the Chinese army at 1,800,000 men and Japan’s at 210.880. Under the Chinese demobilization plan, its forces were to be cut to 800,000 men. China’s naval strength then consisted of 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers and 40 mis- cellaneous craft—all totaling 40,292 tons. Four of the six cruisers were built before 1900. The strength of Japan, with one of the world's finest navies, was placed at 98,394 tons. This included 10 battle- ships and battle cruisers, 37 cruisers, 3 aircraft carriers, 99 destroyers, 66 sub- marires and 11 miscellaneous craft. ALLEN ASKS PERMIT FOR DETECTIVE AGENCY Request of Discharged Patrolman Is Referred to Police De- partment. An application for a permit to oper- ate a private detective agency was filed with the District Commissioners today by former Policeman Robert J. Allen. The application was referred to the Police Department for investigation to determine Allen’s character and quali- fications to engage in private detective work. This is the customary procedure. as approval of the Police Department is necessary in granting the permit. Allen also will be required to post a $10,000 bond if the permit is granted. His private investigations got him into considerzble trouble with the Police Department, several years ago in con- nection with the mysterious death of Mrs. Virginia McPherson. Later he was dismissed from the force for insubordi- nation, Serves Day for Each Penny. BRUNSWICK, Me—Charles Hart- man, arraigned in court here on a th:ge of stealing 15 cents, was or- dered to serve cne day In jafl for every | penny stolems anti-Japanese e a Japanese armored car is shown on guard outside the walled city of Meanwhile, however, throughout the ' | | Manchuria have r d in protesting o of Nations, with Japan replying that ntiment in China Here es. —A. P. Photo. CABINET'S POLICIES [ ST | Tells Reichstag He Will Stand‘ | by Recent Conversations. | l Foes Stay Away. (Continued From First Page.) that the Parliament building was sur- rounded by such an immense force that it appeared to be a besieged fortress, but his motion to have the police withdrawn was rejected. police On the economic side, the chancellor characterized th mment’s task as of easures to the of world econ- | omy. thereby preventing an upheaval of the bases of Germany's economic life. | For instance, he raid, it was possible to reduce the floating debt by 300.000.000 ks (approximately $69.900.000) which could be used for salvaging private in- | dustry. Economic Advisory Board. To help the government during this period of crisis, he announced, President Paul von Hindenburg had approved the appointment of an economic advisory body which is to work out an economic program for the ensuing months. “Under no circumstances must the stability of Germanv's exchange be in- terfered with.” he said “Of decisive importance is the execu- tion of a plan for meeting short-term | indebtedness and a final solution of the | reparations question.” The chancellor charged big industries with having embarked upon expansion- ist programs with the aid of foreign | credits at the expense of the middle | classes and smaller industries. Among the government's economic and financial tasks of the immediate future he enumerated lower interest | rates by banks, especially to smaller | undertakings: continuation of social services, such as pensions and the dole, but their adaptation to financial and | economic necessities: continued main- tenance of the right of collective bar- gaining by labor, although with greater elasticity than hitherto, and the foster- ing of a back-to-the-farms movement. | Gen, Groener’s Purpose. “All domestic possibilities for pro- duction must be utilized to the utmaost,” | he said. “Restriction of tmportation must be made wherever home produc- tion, especially in agriculture, can meet the ‘existing needs sufficiently and at a | fair price. In this the Reich's govern- ment, will act in accordance with the | warnings of the Basel experts.” |~ Gen. Wilhelm Groener, the chancellor said, was appoing-d minister of defense and minister of the interior in order to “concentrate the state’s organs of en- fereemenft against all attempts and cur- | rents seeking to threaten the state.” |""“Our people and, especiaily, our youth, \must be safeguarded against the influ- ence of disintogration and filled with | the spirit of patriotism and_readiness | to sacrifice,” he said, closing his formal statement. ‘Then he continued ex- | temporaneous. { “We have made curselves more un- popular than other governments.” “Very true,” the Communists inter- Jected. “If T had followed last Summer's sug- gestions to declare a moratorium.” the chancellor retorted, “wiere would our foreign policy be now?™ * ’ The governmental declaration was punctuated continually by hisses, laugh- ter and angry cries from the Com- munsts. Seeks Vote on Friday. Chancellor Bruening is to face a | critical vote of confidence on Friday. Nationalist Socialist Deputies to the number of 107 and 41 Nationalists, all of whom walked out of the chamber last February, are holding to the sole purpose of overturning the Bruening | regime and replacing it with a belliger- | ent. Rightist government. They had four motions on the agenda—namely, (1) to withdraw confi- dence from the government; (2) re- quest President von Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag and call elections for November 8; (3) declare void all | emergency decrees issued since October 2, and (4) terminate the Reich's subsidy of the Prussian police. The chancellor was assured 93 votes | from the Centrists, the State party, People’s party and Conservative party, and was confident of 137 more from the | Socialists. LEAGUE'S FUTURE 14 BANKS MERGED Form Four Institutions Under At- lantic City Plan. ATLANTIC CITY, N. J., October 13 ().—Fourteen banks, with resources of $63,000,000, have been combined into four under the terms of a merger an- nounced today by Herman M. Sypherd, chairman of the Atlantic City Clearing House Association. Members of the association last night approved the move as “a constructive banking step.” Atlantic City now will have three national and two trust companies. IS HELD AT STAKE Observers Think Failure in Crisis Would Sound Its Death Knell. Pirst Page.) League Council undoubtedly read before attending today's meeting the following assertions: 1. That the Japanese invasion of | Chinese territory in Manchuria was premeditated. | 2. That Japan's pretexts were mere pretexts. 3. That the Japanese general staff wanted and still wants war. | 4. That Japan's real aim was to re- peat at Mukden the coup which some | years ago gave it Port Arthur. 5. That Japan, by failing to act on the League's resolution, has plainly | designated itself as the aggressor. Views Gaining Ground. | These ' views, however extreme they | may appear, seem to be gaining ground | here. The Chinege delegates demand an international inquiry into the bombard- | ment of Chinchow and the military situ- ation in Manchuria in general The state- | ment of Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek, Presi- dent of China, that if the League and | the peace pacts fail to function China | will go to war in self-defense is taken | seriously in Geneva, especlally as all re- ports agree that anti-Japanese senti- | ment and the boycott of Japanese goods are spreading rapidly through China. The Japanese on their part, ere lay-| ing down the following conditiors as a preliminary to the withdrawal of their | troops: i 1. That China must admit its re-| sponsibility for the present crisis | 2. That the Chinese must re-estabs lish order and gssure the safety of Jap>| anese nationals. 3. That anti-Japanese agitation must cease. 4. That Japan and Chims must agree immediately on bases for nezotiation: 5. That direct Chinese-Japanese ni gotiations must be entered into. Slight Chance of Recession. At the present moment there appears to be not the slightest chance that either China or Japan will recede from the respective positions thus taken un- United States can find more powerful methods of persuasion than those now used. Meanwhile, it is declared, Japan is maneuvering both politically and mili- tarily to drive Marshal Chang Hsueh Liang from power in Manchuria and to put in Chang Sian, who is said to be favorable to Japan. The United States, through its Geneva consul, Prentiss B. Gilbert. is watching the League's everv move sympathetical- 1y and is consulting with both League officials and leading members of the Ceuncil. | 1t is possible that Mr. Gilbert will be | invited to sit in a_consultative capacity the League Council, though some | doubt is exnressed whether Japan | would consent to such a step. 1 Conversations with foreign diplomats have concerned. it is said, not only League action, but the possibly of the ed States invoking the Kellogg pact the nine-power treaty of 1922, wherein Japan, along with the other signatories, pledged itself to respect the territorial and administrative integrity of China Interest of all the European states in the affair is particularly keen, be- cause they sem to realize the peace of Europe is also involved. If the League cannot stop war in Manchuria. what assurance, it is asked, is there that it can stop a war in Europe? “We must succeed now or all is Iost,” |said the Spanish representative, Salva- dor ce Madariaga, Ambassador to Washington, who, in the absence of Spanish Foreign Minister Alejandro Lerroux, is presiding over the Council. REPRESENTATION ASKED ON WATERWAYS BOARD Another request that a man from Northern New York be named on any commission that might be set up to consider the St. Lawrence waterway roject was made of President Hoover oday by Representative Snell of New York. Snell, a Republican leader, said after leaving the White House, however, that he believed the commission idea was being abandoned in favor of direct ne- gotiations. State Department officials already have discussed the question | with Minister Herridge of Canada. Snell said he also discussed the ad- visability of a resolution to facilitate the admission to the United States of | athletes for the Olympic games in 1932 He added he would introduce such a measure. Snell sald the Olympic Winter sports program would begin next February at Lake Placid, N. Y., and that Presi- | dent Hoover had been asked to attend | the Lake Placid opening. but has not | yet decided whether he could be present. | Background of Dispute Japan’s Expansion Movements Have Caused Trouble With China Since War in 1894—Present Strife Had Been Brewing for Months. By the Associated Press. Behind the present cortroversy be- tween China and Japan over the lat- ter's occupation -of Southern Man- churia lies the story of the differ- ences developing between the two peo- ples in the face of the march of prog- ress. Until the latter half of the nineteenth century both Japan and China were | considered back numbers in the family of nations, remaining culturally and | geographically sepgrated from the rest of the world and existing, more or less, as medieval powers. Both were saddled with treaties giving special privileges to foreign powers with Oriental inter- ests. Japan was first to feel the urge to westernize and modernize. Gradually she got rid of the treaties of extrater- ritoriality and made pacts with other poyers on a basis of equality. However, |China and Korea, the latter then be- ing nominally an independent kingdom, did not follow in Japan's path. Korea, because of its nearness to Japan, was of special importance to the iatter country because Japanese held large commercial interests there. China, | which had exercised suzerainty over Korea, objected to the Japanese ex- pansion there and because of this the two great Eastern nations went to war in 1894. Korea Separated from China. Japanese forces drove Chinese troops back throtgh Manchuria and Shantung and were opening the way to ing when China sued for peace. Under the peace treaty Korea was made completely independent of China. The latter ceded Formosa, the Pescadores and the Liso- Tung Peninsula, the latter once a part of Manchuria, to Japan and opened Chinese waters to navigation Ten years after the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War Russia, which already had established interests in Manchuria, clashed with Japan over conflicting claims in Korea and the Rus- sian occupation of Manchuria inci- dental to the Boxer trouble and_the result was the Russo-Japanese War. Under the treaty which ended that con- flict Russia agraed to recognize Japan's supremacy in Korea and relinquished claim to the Liao-Tung Peninsulta and the South Manchurian Railway, the latter being a major factor in the Finally Korea was an- nexed to Japan in 1910 Japan's extension of interest in Man- churia since that time has been con- siderable. She has about $1,000,000,000 CANTON IS PLACED UNDER MARTIAL LAW Police Say Reds Take Advantage of Anti-Japanese Feeling to Make Trouble. By the Associated Press CANTON, China, October 13.—Can- ton was placed under martial law to- day after issuance of a police proclama- tion declaring that Communists were taking advantage of anti-Japanese feel- ing to make trouble. A police precinct captain and a gend- arme captain were placed on trial on murder charges growing ‘out of the clash between police and students last Saturday in which 10 were killed and 90 wounded. The students selected six of their number to act as prosecution witnesses. y The rioting started following a stu- dent meeting, at which speakers de- manded a complete boycott of Japa- nese-made goods. the students tried to enter a foreign goods store. Police arrested their leader and started for the police sta- tion, but other students followed and stoned the station. Unable to halt the rioters, police opened fire, with result- ing casualties. Although the government disapproved of the students’ activities, it yielded to pressure and brought the two accused captains to trial. The students at first demanded their immediate execution, but the government instead promised a public trial. After the meeting | invested there, and about 1,000,000 Jap- anese subjects live in Manchuria. Rus- sia also is extensively infgrested in Manchuria. This situation fesulted in the drawing up of several agreements between Russia and Japan. China’s discomfiture at the losses growing out of these events was renewed in 1915 with the presentation by Japan of her famous “twenty-one demands” | relating to the interests of the latter in Chinese territory. One by one these de- | mands were superseded, however, and at | present only five of them are in effect. Their enforcement, nevertheless, served | | for years to irritate Chinese feeling gainst Japanese. A boycott against Fgayanese goods in China was one result. Relations Stirred in 1919, Sino-Japanese relations were stirred again® in 1919 by the scttlement of | Japan’s interest in Shantung under the | Versailles treaty. Japan was given cer- | tain vested interests in the Shantung |area. This resulted m a boycott of | Japanese goods in China which lasted | until 1922, when the Shantung affair | vas adjusted. | "'This extension of foreign interest in | China, with other world powers | Japan’ participating, has been objected |to by the Chinese, many times. The formation of the government by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen was attended by a determination to pres “ve China for the Chincse and drive out extraterritoriality, but to this day it re- mains. Virtually all the world powe have special interests there, and Japa because of her geographical nearn and her position in Korea and Man | churia, perhaps appears to the Chinese as her principal invader. The present trouble has been brewing for months. Japanese and Koreans rioted in Korea ard Manchuria as the result of racial disputes. Chinese troops | executed a Japanese in Mongolia as a | spy, although he bore permission from | the' Nanking government to be in Chi- | nese territory. On September 18 the Japanese occu | pied Mukden. Manchuria, after a bat- tle with Chinese soldiers which al- legedly had started when the latter at. tempted to destroy a bridge of the Japa. neSeeoperated South Manchurian Rail- way. The occupation was extended to other cities. China appealed to the | League of Nations. Japan repeatedly disavowed any territorial ambitions in Manchuria and defended the occupa- | tion on the ground that such was nec- | essary to protect its extensive intercsts there. |SHOUSE WILL ADDRESS ALUMNI OF PRINCETON Opening Luncheon of Season Set by Assseiation Tomorrow at Army-Navy Club. Jouett Shouse, chairman of the Ex- ecutive Committee of the National Democratic Committee and former As- sistant Secretary of the Treasury, is announced as the speaker at the open- ing luncheon of the season to be held by the Princeton Alumni Association of the District. This event is to be held at 12:30 o'clock tomorrow after- noon at the Army and Navy Club. Officers of the local association rep- resenting Nassau Hall for the ensuing year are: Courtland Nixon, '95 dent; R. H. A. Carter, '99, vice presi- dent; F. Moran McConihe, | tant secretary. 1 Here’s the OAL You Want! Agitaticn by students and laborers | against the police continues, and the latter are retailiating by destroying in the streets newspapers which condemn them. The city is full of troops and machine guns are posted. . Big-Hitch Teams Popular. SPRINGFIELD, 1Ill. (#).—Horses hitched in big teams are cutting quite a figure as power units on Illinois farms. E. Bane, McLean County farmer, claimed a record when his 12-horse team pulled a four-bottom tractor plow at the speed of an acre an hour. Ninety-five per cent of the farms in | Denmark were cultivated by the own- | ers this year. Call King——And Be Sure You are SURE of imving steady, EVEN, economical heat this Winter—SURE of careful, courteous delivery —when you call us for our bette: r hard coal. Put our three generations of heating experience to wotrk for YOU—send us your order TODAY. 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BERLIN, October 13.—The Ccm- munist party last night passed a reso- lution asking the zrrest of Adolph Hitler, National Soclalist leader; Hjal- mar Schacht, former head of the Reichs- bank; Alfred Hugenberg, he2zd of the | Nztionalist party, and Franz Seldte and | Theodore Duesterberg, leaders of the | Steel-Heimet Organizati n, for their part in the demonstration at H2rzburg Sunday. ‘The National Socialists, Nationalists and Steel-Helmeters, at the session at | Harzburg, announced tgeir determina- | tion to press for the resignation of the |government of Chancell:r Heinrich | Bruening. The Communist resolution was con- sidered here to be merely a formal pro- ceeding, however, because the party is powerless to enforce it Hitler also denounced the Versailles . treaty and Marxism at Sunday’s con- | ference. He faid that a majority of Chinese Nationalist | the German people zlready stood behind { the Nationalist opposition, znd that, al- though nob~cy in Germany wanted war, the nation must be ready if necessary to risk life for freedom. “We must bring the G up to the same ctanda other nations dire need erman people 1 of honor that hile our peopie Jour country and our economy, the mil- itary power of one European nation | (France) is being elevatcd to a hegem- jony that most seriously threatens | peace.” Dr. Schacht, who returned to Berlin |last night from Harzburg. issued a | statement. in which he claimed justice for his remarks against the administra- | tion of the Reichstag. On this subject he charged that Ger- many's foreign indebtedness js much higher than the figure presented in the report to the bankers at Basel. “Yet no one dares to say this pub- licly,” he said. “The public is not told that in the Reichsbank's gold coverage are included several million marks of b wed foreign exchange which soon be repaid.” ion was denied by Her- ' Dietrich, German minister of finance. | T | Red Cross Group to Meet. ! FAIRFAX. Va. October 13 (Spzcial). —Mrs, Russell Lynn of Herndon has called a meeting of the Exccutive Com- mittee of Fairfax County Red Cross Chapter to be held tomorrow, afternoon ¢ 2:30 in the board room at the court Plans will be made to stage the house. X annual roll call presi- A\ Mustard 7] (L Coal that heats fast on cold mornings — burns thoroughly on cold days . . . banks perfectly at night . . . “CERTIFICATE COAL” cives ycu all these comforts. 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