Evening Star Newspaper, August 23, 1931, Page 23

" Part 2—8 Pages NEW CRISIS IN GERMANY LIKELY IF RELIEF DRAGS Bruening Faces Task of Satisfying Peo- ple—French-Anglo Saxon Quarrel Would Aggravate Situation. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. Tm.' days which have passed since the Prissian election have served to ‘indicate the extent the limits of the success there of the forces of and T, ‘The victory, considerable as it was, has constituted what soldiers call a battle of arrest,” The subversive forces have checked, but they remain in be- and formidable. All depends now tupon what happens in the breathing spell thus allowed the Bruening cabi- And this in turn depends on for- elgn as well as domestic factors. . On the contrary, every one knows that the Bruening government ean survive for an indefinite future as it is able to present its restive c with evidence of something not short of complete cancellation of rations, ‘The Young plan, like the Dawes plan, must be revised. But the next revi- will have to be undertaken on a different scale from that made at two years ago, Which was useless by the S i ce and the of mnlhd States which have been responsible for German ruin. Policy of America. take the American pol first. several years n itors of have been ready to wipe off much of their claim as could be cov- similar extinction of Ameri- upbn themselves. Roughly, it today to some $250,- ,000,000, the present ‘an- German reparations. Ger- justment would re- considerably less rly, and since al- United States rise M1 il 3 giii g 5 ; frEEe 5k L g g ery great pressure from Poland and Czechoslo- vakia to compel Germany to abandon her campaign for territorial revision in the east and tariff union in the south. And Prance has very considerable finan- cial as well as political stakes in both of these Slav countries and will need mow is assured for the disarmament conference, Paris already sees Wash- ington, London and Rome getling to- gether and is convinced Germany will press for drastic reduction of French armed forces or increases of her own. Thus the Teasons for seek- ing political renunciations from Ger- many are just as strong as ever, and the Prench press shows little or no sign of & change in public opinion on the issue. Ald of Tranguillity. Germany might be able to save her- #elf up to & point if aided by a period |all Prench quarters as proof that the American and British governments are organizing a new campaign for Geneva, precisely like that which the French believe was undertaken at Washington in 1921 and st London two years ago. It is all very well for ‘Mr. Stimson and Mr. MacDonald to assert that politics were not discussed, but for the French this recent meeting appears only a re- newal of conversations begun at the Rapidan and not guite brought to frui- tion at the last naval conference. France hates the present British Labor government and fears the Hoover ad- ministration. It believes that both are in agreement to attempt to coerce France into adopting a program of dis- armament which will deprive her of her present military supremacy in Europe, fatally reduce her political influence and in the end compel her to accept Anglo- Saxon views in the matter of German recovery. Thus she sees Geneva as's decisive battle, with France on the de- | fensive, her security in the balance. French Policy Hardened. listen to French lmflmfl of & post- ponement of the ‘mament confer- ence has hardened French policy in the matter of Germany. The fact that nearly 40 per cent of the Prussian elec- torate voted against the government and for a cause favored by the Steel Helmets has impressed the French al- most as much as the fact that the Hitlerites were defeated. If 40 per cent of the German people feel that way, the French say, then there is no present reason for reduction of the French mil- ftary establishment. Then, too, has a general election next Spring, and this fact is going to make t which support the Laval elhlnee even less willing to make concessions to Ger- many which are unaccompanied by cor- responding German concessions, ‘The situation is none too promis ‘The Labor government is in ;{hmlh l:esa as result of Lhewmm inances, emphasized recent temporary drop in sterling which led to American and French support. Labor has been excessively pro-German in foreign policy, but British investors over the fact that 000 of their money is n in Germany, while British ‘The it P‘rll‘:mnu report ry ing for far-reaching economy has the Labor party, which sees the dole the foundation of its political If the MacDonald call- likely to count far more than foreign. And America can do n of im- signed to bring about reparations re- ductions, while Prance is almost as un- likely to consent to loans without political considerations because of do- mestic politics. The whole world, the United Sthtes included, would be enormously advan- taged if the American President would out boldly in favor of the eancel- of allied debts and the parallel xtinction of au equal share of repara- obligations. In the end the thing I have to be done if Germany is to saved. But this might easily prove politically suicidal course for Mr. . On the other hand, his appar- ent bellef that he can carry the Amer- people along with him in en at- tempt to trade reparations for disarma- ment will come to nothing. Because |the armed nations—France and her their Germany Awaits Results. In the end the fate of Germany m: turn on the attitude of the American and Prench governments, the one in the matter of debts and the other in {that of loans. By the new year Brue- ning will have to give the German peo- | ple either the material relief due to | fresh 1 loans or the moral encour- agement incident to a solution of the reparations issue in a manner satisfac- tory to Germany. Perhaps it would extended visit in Rome, is accepted in | Refusal of London and Washington to | present | EDITORIAL SECTION he Sunday Star, WASHINGTON, D, Oy SUNDAY MORNING, AUGUST 23, BY ANDRE SIEGFRIED. SHALL not attempt to solve the Aleatian problem in the short space of this article, but shall simply pre l sent it. My forbears being Alsa jeve I understand the Alsatian point :f" view, even though 1 was born in France after 1870, when Alsace was no r French, and therefore my thoughts and_ feelings are those of & Prenchman who has never lived under German domination. ‘This dive nt fate, even though the separation did not last more than half & century, is at the bottom of all the difficulties about which there has been so_much uproar. But after all, these | are_tragic. It economics. prosperous. Alsace is prosperous, very i | France has in- can well believe it. spent vested heavily there and has without counting the cost made a tremendous effort so that the return of the lost provinces, should not be accompanied by any financial loss or sacrifices for them. It is admitted that Prance has been successful in this received enough attention. What would have been said if the contrary had haj ed? Fhe difficulty is elsewhere. To use a good Anglo-Saxon expression, the trouble is cultural, that is to say in realm of morals and politics. Nevertheless this does not diminish the seriousness of the difficulty. A of the Alsatian people (not all Alsatians), do not feel, do not think and do not react as do the rest of the French people to certain simpler every- day questions which affect their every- day life. Tt is thus in matters which concern religion, administration and | even the ideas at the basis of govern- | ment. Church and State Separated. For 50 years, that is to say since 1870, France has made a great political effort to separate church and state; she has ted the schools as well as the state from religious rule. She has made religion as well as its public manifestations a private matter. There is complete liberty on that score. No one I gainsay that—for France has liberated the state from the domina- tion of religion and vice versa. This great political program was de- flfl.l: poll on 1s, and that it in most of the Lorraine were taken non: A tinued to live which we have aban- i respect they have pre- and regulations that we consider outgrown, but which seem to respond to a certain feeling prevalent in Central Europe, to which the Alsa- tians, who are, after all, geogra Iy Rhinelanders, couild not help but react. It is, therefore, to be understood that even more bl recalled that the annexation tians, I| difficulties are more amazing than they | is not a problem in the realm of | She acknowledges that her- | self, and those who know the Alsatians | She has | It is & success which has not | | of 1871 deprived Alsace of the best ele- |ment in her elite, who d to France in order that they might remain French. to this fact the cure and the pastor have often become real local political leaders. Cling to O View. ‘When Alsatians explain to us the edu. cational and religious system which they prefer, we recognize that it is what we have rejected in the name of our present conception of freedom, the conception which we consider best. ‘We have évolved from a point of view {whicl, in all honesty, we ju to be of the past. They have anchored to | that point of view. | What has happened in the matter of | government a; administration is very | similar, yet in this field the most con- vinced adherents of French republic- anism might well hesitate to boast of the work of the republic. France inherited from Louis XIV and | Napoleon an autocratic form of govern- STRASSBURG, CATHEDRAL IN ALSACE LORRAINE. France’s Alsatian Problem History Separated Peoples 47 Years, but Time Is Expected to Reunite Them: | | | From an Etching by Hedley Fitton. | ment and, since May 16, 1877, her great |effort has been to substitute ideas of | liberty for this mutocratic spirit. The democracy is so dependent on this | liberty in all matters of administration that she has put this liberall effort bov: all thoughts of material advance- ment. ‘The depute (who is elected) became | more important than the prefet (who | | is appointed), and the general council | | has assumed more and more power as | | compared with the prefectures. Just {see what has become of these power- | try ful “Prefets of the Empire”! We have systematically diminished their power | and sometimes have deliberately humil- | iated them. If the prefet is at present | | reassuming his influence and his au- | thority, it is more as a collaborator | with the general council and the de- | partmental administrations and less as | | an agent of the central national gov- 1931. ve Alsace her own autocratic admin- ration, hard, and without grace, but materially efficient. As compared to the kreis director, the Alsatian depute remained a little | boy. ~ Therefore, the governed felt that | the real power was not in those whom | they had elected, but in the uniformed functionaries before whom Germans in- stinctively bow. Of liberty there was no question, but there existed incontestably the regular production of well greased machinery. In contrast 'to a government by per- sons, as ‘in Prance, Alsace was ruled by things. It is altogether a different conception of life, for the basis and Talson d'etre of French rule is always to mf!l‘ the free development of the individual to the working out of efi- clent social machinery. ‘Want Greater Efficlency. ‘Today Alsace is asking us for a gov- ernment to encourage material, every- day efficiency that we are not so well able to give her, for she fears that the intrusion of liberty and individual ca- ‘will tend to enervate the vigor of r former system. We Prench have thought it was worth | £i70 to make certain sacrifices in to secure political liberty and to defend the indi ‘who while true with a number of our Alsa- tian friends. They are w to un- rather fantastical rela- country has_reall from 1871 to 1914? is it Prance? If not emphasize material but rather the political advancement, it is very bable that the answer would | be_different. ‘The , therefore, is one of a | Dbasic erence of opinion as to the function of government. separated Alsace and Lorraine from Prance for 47 years, and during that time we have each ad- vanced on different and divergent roads. The same difficulties of read- of here treaty has brought about a change of sovereignty. ‘These embarrassments are inevitable and should not us. As they concern France and Alsace, they sre neither fatal nor very serious because the Alsatians are incontestably not tr; but, with the exception of a few nat- uralized Germans, they do not wish to become Germans The very delicate point of discussion is that the whole idea of the unity of the nation is put on trial. A federaf country made up of many- units, of many races, as, for example, Switzerland, can sub- sist with its several and cul- tures. But that is d it for & coun- as France. has e nndit‘i:“ ernment. ‘When Alsace left us, she still -had| the “Prefet of the Empire.” Germany ' differences &erhlpl ‘without _entirely suj jem As for me, I believe Dr. Harmodio Arias BY GASTON NERVAL. 7 T is the Jack of human interest in the news stories and edi- torials regarding Latin America events in that part of the world com- |mand from the American newspape: | reader.” ‘Thus was saying the other day some | one who ought to know about it. Nelson Rounsevell, publisher of the Panami | American, the only independent bi- of relative tranquillity in European in- |take both to make his position secure: | lingual daily printed south of the Rio ternational relations. Instead, evidence that the disarmament every conference of next Pebruary will Pro- | will be sharply acoentuated if a quarrel | America. duce the bitterest struggle since the Genoa conference of 1922, which led directly to the occupation of the Rubr. ‘That is the case because France now #ees herself compelled to fight for her in Europe. stay in Britain this Summer, fol- his exeursion to Berlin and his there is | byt if he can promise neither, a new | Grande, | erisis seems inevitable, And that crisis | between Prance and the two Anglo. Baxon nations at Geneva over disarma ment_produces fresh financial as wel | &s_political trouble in Europe. Pous, while he has his feet on earth . Secretary Stimson's | Bruening still has & halter around his | their modes of thought | neck. (Copyright Better Accommodations Are Providedi For Hoboes by the LONDON —After an investigation of the casual wards of workhouses in Eng- land and Wales, the ministry of health has just issued a set of recommenda- | tions to local authorities which assure all the eomforts of home to hoboes or Weary Willies. A recent estimate placed the number of knights of the road at between 14,000 and 15.000. Since Labor assumed office the ques- tion of providing tramps with better accommodations ‘m ¢n‘pn‘m much at- tention at the ministry of health. The hobo is no longer required to break 10 pay for his keep. In most wards he is now provided with a Among mended are: Bpring mattresses and overlays for all ving mirrors in the bath rooms. 3 and foot baths. supplied with hot and water. heating maintained up to & late hour. . ‘ministry’s S S A were made of cosrse hes- shirts, it is contended, “re- their stiffness ‘nafl ‘before Foxrh the improvements now recom- é& British Government of many British that by making things #0 soft for the hoboes there will be an increase in the number of vagrants. On the contrary, it contends that the habitual hobo prefers casual wards not supplied with baths, or where. the roundings have anything of the luxe” about them. e woman reformers say tramps | should be provided with pajamas, not nightshirts. but the ministry is not yet prepared to go that far. (Copyright, 1931). —— U.'S. African Buvoy To Have Better Home | that a in the Union of ‘adequate | _JomANNESBURG~Now | United_States maintains Plenipotentia the that more secured for States office in sur- .‘d‘] 85 been for vears connected activities He has traveled through Central and South America and lived among Spanish-Americans. He Was learned, like few forsigners, to m closely and to understand them has observed their ways of living. He hds stud- | fed their psychology and finds them | the “most interesting people in the world” The publisher of the “Only Latin American newspaper with an office in Washington,” continued: Human Interest Needed. “Editorials, discussions of interna- tional questions, accounts of the Ppo- litical situation down there, are all very well. but they alone are not going 1 ) ca to the public. there 15 a selected group | of ‘Intellectual readers and scholars who | follow regularly the trend of Latin | American affairs in the newspapers, but | the bulk of the reading masses is little interested in the principles which | pted the recent revolution in the | Latin republics, the bac! d of their | disputes, their economic status | with newspaper the | He in _Latin | know | PANAMA MINISTER BEGAN LIFE HUMBLY, MADE SELF Cited as Example of Human Interest That Exists [ South of Rio Grande. l the help of both in the struggle which 'tmu—-wou.lfl not profit materially from | { himse)f up to the top by his own efforts | The story of the “self-made man” has | been since the beginning of American | press, classical front page material What the reader in this country has | | not stopped to think is that there are | thousands of those self-made men down | on the other side of the Rio Grande. in | the 20 republics of Latin origin that share with us the Western Hemis- phere.” When Rounsevell was saying this we were in the office of the new Minister from Panama, Dr. Harmodio Arias. He nd I were listening to his talk and pproving it—which is only natural I have always tried to stress t side in my discussions of Latin | American affairs—when the well known | publisher added: You don’t have to go far to find | them. Right here and now we are in Arias is the typical ex- ample of what I am talking about. He |is self-made man. He owes all his | reputation and standing to his own efforts. I know Dr. Arias’ life, and I know the confidence and prestige that he holds in the hearts of the Pana- {man people, without disitinction of political colors. The story of his life and his success could be a great les- son of human achievement and a step forward in the understanding of the Latin American people.” Dr. Arias Modest. Of course, this set me out to find out the background and story of Dr. Arias’ career. The Minister's natural modesty made useless any progress at the mo- ment, but when we abandoned the lega- tion, I heard from the American pub- lisher who has learned to know the Latins better than they know them- selves, the interesting story of the diplomatic representative of Panama to the United States. The story at length, full of colorful pictures, 114 il gl RED MENACE ADMITTED |Government Drops as Survey Traces BY VICTOR KEEN. HANGHAL—The Nanking govern- ment has abandoned its policy of minimizing to the gen- eral public the seriousness of the Communist situation in China. | Taced with the necessity of admit- | ting the failure of the last nine months’ | campaign for the suppression of the | Communist armies which have been overrunning Central China, government officials are frankly admitting the| | gravity of the situation. | Optimism Called Harmful. An exhaustive report on the Com-| munist problem has been issued by | Yang Chien, a veteran Kuomintang | leader, who has just returned from | | Kiangs! Province, where he made an | extensive investigation of conditions. | Yang describes the present government ign in Kiangsi as a life-and- struggle between the Chinese so- cial and economic system and the Com- munist system originally introduced into China by Soviet Russia. He con- demns the government's past policy of concealing government reverses and ex- aggerating petty victories against the Communists, and expresses the opinion that if greater candor had been em- | ployed by Nanking suthorities in keep- |ing the people officially informed of | true conditions, greater progress might |have been made in eradicating the| Communist evil. 1 In dealing with the historical back- | ground of the Communist movement in | China. Yang points out that the course of Chinese history has shown that at the end of every political period, such as the fall of a dynasty, the country {has been beset for 'years with wide. | spread banditry. “But the historical phenomenon which in the present case finds its expres- |sion in Communism,” Yang goes on | | to state, “is of a nature far more serious | than the usual bandit outbreaks be- |cause this time the forces of anarchy |are directed by the Third Interna- | tionale, which finds in China only one in its progrem of world of Communism out that it may periods: ‘The first period, from 1920 to 1923, he continues, * be called the of Communism in Country. IN CHINA BY NANKING Optimistic Attitude Widespread Rise TinE togeiher Will solve the problem. | ning. hold a caucus. Special Articles CONGRESS’ QUARRELS MAKE EXTRA SESSION USELESS Hoover Debt Plan Earlier Meeting, Only Reason for but Party Strife Precludes Settlement. BY MARK SULLIVAN. 1 ing frequency, some one—a late example is Progressive Senator | Blaine, of Wisconsin—demands | that Congress be called into special session. Usually the demand is | made in & speech, or in a formal news- mfl' statement. Occasionally it is !n‘ form of a letter addressed to Presi- | dent Hoover, who alone has T to summon a_special session. cases the letter, as ofter printed in the newspaper before it reaches the White House—which sug- ts that the motive of the writer may something other than the actual bringing about of a new session through a persuasive and convincing statement of the good the session might do. ‘That is really the fundamental ques- tion: In the present state of the coun- try what good could be done by Con- gress? At least, that is one form of the question. A more pertinent form is, what would be done by Con- gress? is_a difference, a very great difference, between what a Con- ress ideally could do, and what the ex- Congress actually would be likely to do. It is in the latter form that n really lies. And because if - les that form the almost certain | answer is, there will be no special ses- sion of Congress—certainly not just now. One Week Desirable. is just possible that Ilt Tt desirable to call a session a week or 50 before the E:;lnné:fl of the . That is, to & spe- 30, which would be just a week ahead of the date for the regular sitting, De- meeber 7. ‘The one justification, not very con- vincing, for calling Congress a week ahead of the regular time, lies in “the relation of Congress to th for debt postponement. ments on the debts to us fall due on December 15. Ci meets regularly 2): ’:lzhtuh{:‘e b(e(‘,"bo:ur weekblnd a y is pretty or ess to con- firm the post) t. last more than two weeks. Moreover, can readily take an hour off from its quarreling—declare an hour's Congress in recent especially the Senlntde, is less and punctilious, more and more slov- enly about matters of form. Party Strength Uncertain. ‘The Ce that will meet in lar ession on_ December 7 wil be' of a sort unlikely to cause any serious person to wish it had met earlier. Much more probab] ly the common wish will be concentrated not on its early - . but on its early ending. condition is inherent in the situation cancy. But the commotion and chaos certain to attend this session of Congress will control between the two parties. . | important chairmai NOE in 8o often, with increas- | \ePORant o g seniority is and the individual Samuel Dickstein City. ge South vows violently that it can- to go to & Ta the !louth ll"‘m‘n’l--l'tl strongly opposed to gration restriction. 16 . ‘n both chambers at all ey | e might be; Senate long before the major fight for | The Then it just happens that the ‘to which en the one on entitled to of New York allow this powerful chairmanship Democrat, who, 80 , i steadily and the policy of immi- Fight on President, All these fights and several more— essential fight, after the party cm: are over (and the caucuses may long time) takes place between licans and Democrats for the of a Speaker in the House and of President pro tem and other officers in the Senate, ht takes place under the most contentious of possible conditions—with each party in chamber ha within one or two of 3:"353’- parties .dhcrum)ed will have taken place in the cuses, and with cau- ?lm- disposed d irregular. t for the organization ef House and Senate may readily consume weeks or months, And after that begins the most time- and undesirable lican publicans equally intent on putting the Democrats in a bad light before the country. ‘This Congress will be the cats of Kfl. kenny and the Don: EH LR ggsggéigyi eerely—-!:n seeing !he follow & policy the Em~m of explosions can be roughly | cpg The Republicans of the Senate will (Qnly they don't call merely doctrinaire and the Third In- ernationale rapidly grew tired of its heoretical character. Kuomin- tang, in spite of its temporary eclipse under the warring Tuchuns (war lords), t |t was still the only virile political force in the country. The astute minds of the Third Internationale saw that the Dorarly merping themseives with the ly merg! ves e Kuomintan % Chinese Communist party was iwrelort directed to join the Kuomintang and M. Joffe was sent to China to effect the merger. “This leads to the second period, 1924- tang, secretly plotted to capture the Kuomintang and divert it into Com. munist channels. This was the period when Michael Borogin for & time dom- inated the Communist sceme. The astounding activities of this Bolshevist master mind laid the foundation of the Communist party in Hupeh, Hunan and Kiangsi Provinces. Communist Captures Follow. The party purification movement (when the Kuomintang leaders in pow- er, headed by Chiang Kai-Shek, ex- pelled all Communists from the party ranks), which began with the success- ful attempt of the Kuomintang to di- vorce itself from the Communists. marked the third period. Henceforth the policy of working indirectly through the Kuomintang was, perforce, changed to a direct inculcation of communism, and disguise no longer was possible, “The first major manifestation of this new order was the revolt of the Communist generals, Ho Lung and Yeh Ting, who formed part of Chang Fa- kwel’s Ironsides. in Nanchang (capital of Kiangsi) in July, 1927. Then quickly followed the Communist coup in Canton in ber, 1928, and in July, 1930. Changsha (capital of Hunan Province) also was captured by Communists. “At the same time innumerable in- stand, just about one Republican vote sumably elect him. Moses, he belligerently retorts that if venge by votin, slate for the desir: day when the Senate is organ! manship on Foreign Relations, and so Republican upset of the whole Republican apple cart. Orgal be turned over to the Democrats. tain) row. cans of the House ‘There will be two major candidates for Speaker, Snell of New York. House, themselves. They their mln“ ee for Speake: 1t & caucus; it's a “conference.”) That caucus will include fierce fighting. Nor- mally the Republican Senators should renominate the present President pro tem of the Senate—Senator George Moses of New Hampshire. But seyeral near-progressives, have let it be known that they won't support Moses; that if Moses is nominated they will vote for the Democratic nominee; and as for the Democratic nominee would pre- ‘This threat being heard by Senator he is prevented in this way from being President pro tem, he will take his re- against the Republican ittee chairmanships. Senator Moses’ threat means that he would deprive his progressive foes of able posts they hold through regular Republicans for the one ized. He would deprive Senator Norrls of the chairmanship of the Judiciary Commit- tee and Senator Borah of the chair- being on. A necessary by-product of this row would the complete nization of the Senate would House to Have Caucus. That is one potential (practically cer- | For another, the Republi- hold s caucus. Tilson of Connecticut and In addition, the ds of the Democrats. ‘The Democrats, especially in the will have similar rows will not fight T. greal to £ LE) i 4 1 i b 28 trouble to the the Green Crescent Canada Buffalo Herd Greatly Multiplied OTTAWA—Canada ‘bought buffalos in Montana back in 1908 they have and much that it has been found transfe numbers to and to slaughter