Evening Star Newspaper, May 17, 1931, Page 31

CURE FOR EUROPE'S ILLS SEEN IN 20-YEAR PEACE Political Events Subordinated to Eco-| nomic and Social Questions, Carnegie Document Says. prosperity to Europe is con- tained in the May issue of the International Conciliation Doc- ument, published by the Car- negic ndowment for International Peace and made public yesterday. Under the title “Europe as I See It " Wi Martin of the Journal de Geneve sets forth some striking facts regarding Europe. Twenty years of peace are necessary for Europe to solve its problems. In the preface to the document Nicholas Murray Butler, president of the endowment, wrote: “Even those most familiar with the subject treated will find these pages of new and vital interest.” < Excerpts from Mr. Martin's findings follow: “To study the present situation of Europe with any hope of clear compre- hension, it is necessary to fix three ideas firmly in mind. The first is that ! REMEDY designed to bring back European problems are not solely Eu- | Topean. Other Continents Affected. “Technical progress in matters of communications and industry’s neces- sity to procure in other continents raw materials and markets cause conditions and happenings in one continent to react on the situation of others. Con- ditions in Europe have a particular moral importance for the other conti- nents, as our difficulties affect the en- tire world, but the opposite is no less rue. An adequate study of Europe cannot then be made without a thor- ough knowledge of the situation of the rest of the world. “In the second place, it is necessary to understand the fact that the events most important for Europe are not in the field of politics. The profound causes of political events must be it for in the economic fleld which itself primarily affects the social order. ‘The field of politics appears only in the “Finally, it is necessary to remember that the situation is never static, never immobile. There are people who look upon the conditions of their epoch as ‘upon a landscape and belleve that these can be described without knowing whence they came or where they are going. Such is not our method. His- tory is continuous movement. That which has been will never be again, but that which is is the result of that which was, the cause of that which will be. To reason on the subject of pres- ent-day Europe, its institutions, its problems and its difficulties, without having at least a moderately accurate idea of Europe before the war, would be fantastic. Is it not the task of our generation to solve the problems with ‘which we are faced and which were not solved by our predecessors? Four Elements in Crisis. ““What is called a crisis—and in these days the word is somewhat abused—is often only a process of readaptation, being a momentary divorce between that which was and that which is. It is in that sense that one can concerning Europe of today as passing through a quadruple crisis; a crisis of international relations, an internal po- litical erisis in each country, an eco- nomic crisis and a social crisis which results therefrom. ° “The war has brought about an eco- nomic upheaval, not only by enormous ‘wastage of wealth and destruction of material, but also because of the de- velopntent given to the means of indus- ma!wrndueuon in certain countries. “When one thinks of the conse- quences of ths war for France, for ex- 2mple, one sees clearly the devastated regions of the north, but rarely notices the fact that the ruined industry of the north was replaced even during the war in other parts of the country, so that when the invaded regions were re- © France found herself in possession of an enormously increased industrial plant. It was the same with the other belligerent countries, and even the neutral countries develo] their industry under the stimulation of the hight prices paid for munitions. When the war was ended all this ma- chinery was turned to the products of peace and Europe. already over-indus- trialized before the war, then found TS. speak | “““The situation of Italy, lacking " better | realizes that such days had & superior | not mouth the shibbol R e humanity and homeliness of touch. | dividualism.” ped | had a very clear tendency toward dim- was created in Europe, and, at the very moment when the ‘improvement of means of communication rendered ex- isting frontiers too narrow, there were created thousands of kilometers of nex frontiers while great historic units were | destroyed for the benefit of little na- | tional states. | “Since from the nature of the case | these frontiers cannot be perfect, since | these states which are called national cannot be homogeneous, the discon- tented nationalities in Europe have been multiplied in number instead of being reduced. The right of peoples to dis- pose of themselves is, moreover, a theory | not easily applied. Carried to its logical | extreme it would exact a general pleb- | iscitz over the face of the earth and among peoples who are in no way equip- ped to make proper use of such a right. | “The origin of the difficulties of the | agricultural nations is relatively simple | to understand. The end of the war was | marked for them by a double phenome- | non—the rise in the standard of living of the peasants and the agricultural reform; . these two phenomena are, moreover, closely connected with each other. A | “The existence of Bolshevism, which |in Russia appealed to the peasants by | promising to give them the land,' | aroused in the neighboring countries, where the regime of great estates ex- | isted, the fear lest Bolshevism should | be implanted among them. “For all these reasons, sometimes con- comitant, the dividing up of estates was | extended over the greater part of East- ern Europe. Now the system of small land holdings produces less grain for | export than the system of great estates. In part, this is due to the fact that the | peasants, less experienced and weaker financially, are not in a position to pro- duce as much as the great proprietors |and, in due to the fact that they | raise d.\flp;mmt products and particularly | more for their own consumption. Many Foreign Markets Lost. | “Like England, Germany is & super- industrialized country which depends essentially on her ~foreign markets. Many of these have been totally lost or their capacity of absorption has been greatly diminished. Just as with Eng-| |land, Germany produces under condi-| | tions of high cost because of the de- | velopment of social legislation and of the relatively high standard of living of the working peo| “Oon thfi e:mél’ | aisti erman | Eelion tadustry, Immediately atter the war, the former, far from being reac- tionary, abruptly adopted principles of rationalization and the American meth- ods of uction. Unfortunately what | would ve been a good thing in an epoch of prosperity has become a detri- ment, since German industry has not at its disposition the power to increase consumption either in the internal ma: ket or in mn mrdkeu A ne’v.:\‘xu den on in and a cause of = tional unemployment. have thus becn | o | le. ¥un¢ and this has| industry from | in economic equilibrium, and the situation | of the small nations which only in the development of quality can find a means of disposing of their products on foreign markets which are indispensable to them and which are all protected, are different. But in all these countries one notes certain common features which apply to Europe as a whole. The |1ack ef economic equilibrium in Europe . B thalons 'of eobiaT ana by the | war, of c: | enormous increases of taxation which | have been its direct consequences. “But its deeper causes are to be looked for farther back. They are to be sought particularly in the formidable | development of mechanical technique |in the course of the last half century. In spite of very remarkable progress world consumption has not been able to keep up with world production and during the last decade consumption has inution. ‘The impoverishment of the masses of certain countries of Europe, | the industrial development of the other | continents and the political troubles in Russia, and India have con-| | tracted the markets for European in- T+iE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, DG, MAY T 19. 31—PART TWO. Problem of Unemployment Business Must Assume Responsibility for Individual in Dull Seasons, BY WILLIAM HARD. HAVE written so much about Ar- thur Woods, and for so many years, that I fear now I shall re- peat myself a lot; but now is the | time, once , to sum the man | up. He has just left his tour of duty with President Hoover's Committee on | Employment and has departed for Eu- rope, there further to study the prob- | lem of employment and unemploy- | ment and the greater problem, the su- | preme contemporary human problem, | of so organizing industry as to provide ‘ the human race with steady access to a continuous livelihood out of fits| earth’s amply abundant resources. Ar- | thur meefld:’l. h.vmzmlln fl\sll’\‘lc- | tive pas per] a still more in- | structive future. lp:eiu this chance | to narrate and to comment accordingly. Arthur Woods is the sort of man that is the true hope of our present industrial society if it means to pre- serve the gains of the past and to con- quer and acquire the offerings of the future without cataclysms and social | losses of revolution. He is one of the| few men I have ever known wholly | rooted in the most old-fashioned ideas and ideals of c.Iture and of individual behavior and yet wholly able to stretch his mind to the farthest reaches of sound growth toward new progressive collective political and industrial or- ganization. He is of the school of thought, he is of the type of personal- ‘ty, that can vastly help to give us the benefits of a new order without forfeit- ing the benefits of the old. It is frcm that point of view, most especially, that I hold him worthy of painstaking por- trayal. 1 I knew of him first when he was po- lice commissioner of the City of New York, scme fifteen years ago. Lincoln | Steffens commended him to my repor- | torial observation. Of Steffens’ interest | in him, more later. Here I allude to Arthur Woods the police commissioner only to quote a remark of his that throws a wide light on his whole ca- reer. He sald: | Purpose of Police Work. | “The main purpose of police work is | | 1 | not to get your watch back. The main purpose of it is to try to fix it so your watch won't get stolen again.” That's just a tiny remark, very un- | grandiloquently worded, but it is a| whole social philosophy of policeman- | ship, and it illustrates Arthur Woods' | habit of always looking beyond the par- | ticular to the general and beyond the the —From a Lithograph by Eric Pape. ARTHUR WOODS, WHO WORKED TO RELIEVE UNEMPLOYMENT. He marks with approval the unprece- | dented efforts made by industrial cor- narrow and immediate to the broad | porations during {and ultimate. This habit, this trait, to retain employes, W spiit available he has most admirably and beneficially employment among them, shown in the course of his execution of | to them if entirely laid off, and to press unemployment and employment 'new works of plant construction, even this present depression , to make loans duties intrusted to him by President | during declines in demand for the prod- Hoover, a mere job-finding technician. He views with regret the passing of the days when the man out of work couid be carried through his distress perfectly successfully by friends, neighbors. The antique in him | ucts of the plants. He marks with ap- A man less broad, less philosophical, | proval, also, the extraordinary network less actively useful than Arthur Woods of town committees, city committees might, out of such duties, have become | county committees, state committees | which we have produced during this | present to depression—committees seeking ald and to stimulate industries and households toward the finding and relatives, | giving But he does not stop there. of employment opportunities. He does eth of “rugged in- He does uot hold it feas- ‘The modernjstic in him, however, real- | ible that men should be callea upon to izes that such days are gone. days. He fixes | starve to death in heroic de=flance of his eye then upon making the best of | collectivism and of “un-Americanism.” coming He says: “One great tendency in industry in trying to work out preventives for un- employment has been the study that is being made in so many plants of unem- ployment insurance. The question is being raised as to whether industry should not protect itself against the evils and difficulties of unemployment just as much as it protects itself against fire and theft. Besides trying to ar- range its plants so as to reduce the dan- gers of fire and thieving, it insures itself against them. Besides trying to stabi- lize and regularize and rationalize its business so as to make shallower the trough of industrial depression, why should it not insure iiself against the catastrophe which follows in case these | measures are not sufficient? “Not very great actual progress has been made along this line, though the | matter is in such conditioa that at any 1 Says Arthur Woods time the present efforts may result in bringing to light and making available | well considered and effective methods of | unemployment industrial insurance. | One of the most promising signs that | | has come to attention recently has bee that of a number of companies whi | have associated themselves in the pian of having the companies lay aside funds | every year and undertake to pay em- | | ployes “who are laid off 50 per cent of | their wages for a certain number of | weeks, the time being de=genient upon | |length of service. The companies an- | nounce the intention, if the unemploy- | | ment situation should go on and be too much of a strain on the fund, of in-| creasing their own contributions and of | calling for contributions of a simiiar amount from those who still hold their Jobs. Except in such situa‘ions, how- ever, the companies supply all the funds. Col. Woods could hardly have ex-| pressed more frankly the view that! periods of unemployment (like periods, under present law, of incapacity through | accident) are a primary charge not upon the unfortunate employe, but upon industry itself. I think Col.| Woods is too optimistic in apparently assuming that industry will broadly undertake this charge without sever: pressure from the public authorities. I expect that such pressure will be neces- sary and will be forthcoming. I think that Col. Woods, through his personal acquaintance with many of the best and most _enlightened men in industry, has an excessive confidence in industry as a whole. I note with applause, however, that on a further and final point he does not dream for a moment that unemployment can be even approxi- mately solved without public action. He says: Consideration Given Laws. -“Much consideration is being given to the laws under which American business operates. These laws are in the main old. They may have met the needs for industrial rules and regula- | tions years ago, but they may neverthe- | against the interest not only of in- | dustry but of the public. One of the great causes of overproduction is the instinctive effort of manufacturers in times when business is good to get their full m.l.:leho' the business, and a lot more, w] people are still buying. “They enlarge their plants, they in- | crease their production to get ahead of their competitors. Their com; ar: doing the same thing, ai ‘when the evil day of slowing up comes all are caught with large supplies of goods | which they cannot sell at a profit. People are wondering whether such ruinous competition is not one of the causes of recurrent industrial depression and whether the time has not come for a thorough-going examination of the laws by which corporations are regu- lated in order that the necessity for ruthless, ruinous competition may be mitigated.” Nt:ollr;-lely, ‘however, are permitted ordering of com] ing of the thel; it to agree on the et, it will follow that LEGISLATION AND CHARITY BY BISHOP F. J. McCONNELL. Some who are interested in labor leg. islation and in other large-scale meth- itself in possession of considerably in- |dustry at the very moment when its|0ds of improving the conditions of the creased modern and perfected means of | productivity was making marvelous| workers are apt to be impatient with | industrial production. “An increase of mirkets was neces- sary to correspond to this industrial de- velopment, but the contrary was the | progress. | Concerted Action Awaited. | “Protection_has increased the cost of charity. Some declare outright that it is only a sop thrown to the to keep them from thinking too much about the essential injustice of their condition. | case. There was a breaking down of living and diminished ordinary con-| Others, while they admit that there are the normal currents of commerce dis- organized by a blockade of nearly five years, foreign markets were lost, certain of which, for example, Latin America and the British Dominions, had devel- oped their own machinery for indus- trial productions, and others, like Rus- sia and China, had been weakened by revolution, resulting in the impoverish- ment of the European market itself. | sumption at the very moment when it was provoking in foreign countries re- | actions and and was compro- | mising foreign markets. | _“All the statesmen worthy of that| |name understand perfectly the reme- | dies which might bring back prosperity emergencies which only voluntary re- | lief can meet with sufficlent dispatch, | nevertheless feel that | charitable purposes draw nttenwon‘ away from possible methods of prevent- | l'gz the needs which they are proposed | meet. | | to Europe, the unification of the world | market or at least a much freer circula- tion of merchandise. But they feel In the present unemployment situa- | tion, however, thoughtful people admit | that both public measures and volun- “This improvement was the result of | themselves powerless to apply this rem- ' tary relief have proved altogether in- the destruction of national resources. edy; individually, because the resistance ' adequate. Even where we had laws For mary eenturles Europsan history of private interests is insurmountable and administrative machinery to make | has followed a constant curve. Two or | in each country; collectively, because and find work, it was found in practice | three generations living in peace, pro- | the League of Nations cannot have a | that the worst cases of distress often | ducing more than they consume, ac- cumulate economies, little by little rais- ing the standard of living which permits them to consume and to produce more and more. Suddenly, when a catastro- phe occurs such as a general war, these reserves are destroyed. The standard of living is reduced and again men begin to work for the future like ants whose anthill has been destroyed. Nationalities Multiplied. /At first the attemot was made to establish as a prineiple of law the right of peoples to self-determination. which a nationalist principle in all its logi- cal consequences. A series of new states Queen Wilhelmina | determination different from that of its | members. “Europe can solve its problems, hmr-f | ever difficult they may be; but to do | this 20 years of peace are necessary. | Without these 20 years of peace war | will lead Europe to revolution or revolu- tion will lead Europe to war. the last analysis, then, internal political problems, like economic and social problems, are international problems. Is a capitalistic regime still capable of organizing peace on solid foundations? | If the answer is ‘Yes' it will have time to reform its institutions and to assure | its future: if the answer is ‘No' it is condemned to speedy overthrow.” Is Senior Sovereign; Has Ruled for 41 Years Without a Break LONDON.—With the dethronement of King Alfonso the senior royal ruler in the world is now the matrenly Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, who czme to the throne in succession to her father in 1890, and who has given her ¢2ughter Juliana a university education t fit her for her respoasibilities of the " The Queen was only 10 years old when was called {0 her high estate. The joyed the distinction of being presented at both courts. ‘There was a time, and not long before the World War, when presentation at the courts in Vienna and Berlin was sought almost as eagerly as presentation at the courts at Buckingham Palace. Big Cut in Royalty Pay Roll. Alfonso’s exit means another very substantial cut in Europe's royalty pay ‘roll. It is estimated that with the did not come within the mfi of their operation. And the fact t nearly {all the special funds that have been collected to provide relief are now ex- | hausted clearly shows that we cannot | rely on private generosity when s really | serious and widespread emergency con- | fronts us as a Nation. 1 Red Tape Partly Overcome. There is, however, one gencouraging factor; and in it lies, I , the an- swer to those critics' who would alto- | gether do away with private charity. | And that is that the old contrast be- | tween public and private methods of ajding those who need help is gradu- ally disappearing. On the one hand, | State and municipal authorities have | shown in recent months that it is pos- sible, to some extent, to overcome red tape and that it is possible by adminis- | trative means to provide work and live- | lihood for many thousands who in the past would have been forced to seek charity. On the other hand, our wel-| fare agencles everywhere have come to Tecognize that their efforts, however | well supported, do not suffice, and they jare now among the warmest advocates | of sound legislative and administrative | | proposals for dealing with the difficulty at _its source. For example, largely at the behest of | such agencies, the Governor of New | York recently vetoed a bill passed by the Legislature which would have side- tracked a thorough study of a State | scheme of unemployment insurance by | giving insurance companies the right to X boy | eclipse of the Hapsburgs, Hohenzollerns | sell unemployment insurance, and thus years, S had only cne ruler. Second in the list of sovereigns who and Romanoffs, and the deposition in | Germany of numerous petty princes, a | a vested interest in defeating a larger | measure. Another indication I find in | | the appeal issued by the Mothers’ Fund | e reigned the longest is King Victor | total of between $45000,000 and $50.- | Committee of the Golden Rule Founda- manuel of Italy, who ascend rone in 1900, but who, since Musso- lini's advent, hos been little more than 2 figurehead. Xing George's seniors not only in. clude Queen Wilhelmina and Kin tor Emmanuel but King Haakon o way, who came to the throne in 1905; King Gustay of Sweden, who succeeded in 1907, and the King of Belgtans, who succeeded in 1909. King George suc- ceeded to the crown on the death of the late King Edward on May 6, 1910. - British Last Great Court. Apart from the great political changes which have come in the train of Al- fonso's deposition, the downfall of the last of the Bourbons leaves the Briti court the last of the great courts in Romanofl, Hohen- n courts have now all an invitation to be | since 1917. With Alfonso’s deposition | another $4,000,000 or more will be lop- | ped off. Pive living crownless monarchs are in exile in Europe today. The former Kaiser William lives at Doorn, in Hol- |land, in something like sham regal sur- | roundings. Former King Ferdinand of Bulgaria, when not traveling in Africa or South America, resides in a castle in South Germany. Former King George of Greeoe has his residence in England, put spends much ‘ime in Fran [Former King Manuel of Portugal lives the life of en English countrv gentle- man in a house overlooking the River | Thames. h | “For the time being the lotest ousted ;oo%:{!}', Alfonso, seeks refuge in a Paris | (Copyright. 1931.) | -~ . As the result of the many thefts from led the | 000,000 in royal salaries has been saved | tion (with which I am associated) for ,» a soclally useful observance of that day. | Welfare Agencies Needed. | In this appcal I find it stated that | we need more and better widows’ pen- | sion laws; that we need a more rapid | | extension ‘of those old-age pension laws | which so far only one- of our | | States have adopted: that minimum | | wage laws and other protective legisla- | tion should be applied more eqfifin)y to women of all races; that our whole | machinery of preventive medicin» needs | strengthening (Including the Federal | provision for maternal care and educa- tion which Congress has allowed to| lapse); that young children should not be allowed to compete for jobs with | unemployed adult workers, and more {to the same effect. But this committee also realizes that the work of our private welfare agen- | cles is indispensable and invites every | one to honor his own mother 1 hope the appeal of the committee BOTH NEEDED, SAYS BISHOP Welfare Agencies Recognize Their Ef- forts Are Insufficient to Meet Conditions of Present will be heeded. We need more active | support for social legislation, more watchfulness by interested citizens that the laws we have passed to meet and | anticipate suffering are properly ad- ministered and where necessary amend- ed s0 as to increase their beneficent effect. But we also need a more active support of the various institutions and socie - | class are Socialists; CULTURE POLE OF SENIORS | less be misfits now and may be working | tial tors | j corporations | the 3 WORLD PLACING EMPHASIS ON SOUTH AMERICAN TRADE Importance Evidenced by International Chamber’s Decision to Extend Activi- ties to Latin Nations. BY GASTON NERVAL. HE importance of Latin America 2s an economic center, both for the investment of capital and as a trade outlet for manufactured products, 15 bscoming more and more the outstanding realization of SLZQ;;‘mm and business men of the world. Tre lat>st acknowledgment of such | importance comes in the form of a resolution adopted by the International Chamber of Commerce, which convened recently in Washington, with the dele- gates of 46 nations participating. The resolution recommonds the establish- ment of netional committees of the chamber in all the Latin American re- publics, and calls for the appointment cof a specizl subcommittee to devise the best means for bringing about the ex- tension of the activities of the Interna- | tional Chamber of countries south of the United States. The resolution was presented by Senor Benjamin Cohen, the Chilean delegate, and passed upon unanimously by the congress. It assumes particular impor- tance in view of the forthcoming lfi:- American Commercial Conference, which is to convene in Washington next Octo- ber, and which will discuss questions of communications, customs regulations, trade facilities, tourist travel, consular procedure and other problems upon which a greater commercial interchange among the countries of the Western Hemisphere depends. Probably it is due to the meeting, five months from now, of this conference to aid inter-American | trade that the leaders cf the Interna- tional Chamber of Commerce thought it advisable to state their intsntions of extending the chamber's activities to Latin America. At a time when British princes, Ra. ian aviators, French diplomats and Ger- man trade agents are competing with Uncle Sam in gaining the sympathies of efforts to gain the Latin American market and a realization of thé in- trinsic value of such a market may-be seen in the friendly attitude of the ‘Washington Government toward the ?:lx.hbduflng rw;xb&?.;:d in the care- endeavors of ite Departmenit to smooth out and eliminate misunder- -unalnfi which have heretofore: -pre- vented better inter-American relations. A Wise Resolution. E Just as the governments of the lead- ing industrial nations have lately been showing their appreciation of the Latin American market, the business leaders of 46 countries, gathered in Washing- icuss economic of ton to world significance, now extend a simi- lar recognition by recommending -ear- nestly the extension of the activities of the International of which has just closed its sessions in the cnp‘lrt:l. réaoda as follows: i “The nNgress expresses hope that the Chamber of Commerce and other business associations of the Latin American countries where no national committees of the International Cham- ber of Commerce have been established may find it advisable to establish na- nglnal committees as coon as practic. able. “Inasmuch as th> forthccming fourth Pan-American Commercial Conference will assemble in Washington October 5-12 of the current year, with repre- sentatives of the principal Latin Amer- ican business bodies in attendance, the Congress recommends the appointment of a special subcommittee to survey the amun'zn ul: t.::‘ Americas and to n:"o‘- pose legates meeting at the “detober conference the best means for the Latin Americans it could not have | afliated been expected that the business leaders, gathered to discuss world-wide economic rehabilitation, would overlook the poten- 1 value of the countries lying on the other side of the Rio Grande. An Ideal Market. ‘The Latin American market unques- tionably will play a most important part in the future commercial relations of beginning dustries. They are countries which, on the cther hand, have hardly been ex- plofted until now; and, on’the other, not as yet have their industries clently developed to satisty their ever. growing needs. The Latin American countries consti- tute, then, an excellent fleld for the in- vestment of capital, as well as for the consumption of foreign manufactured goods. They e ition and the order- | imj HANDS FACULTY SURPRISE Plurality in College of City of New York | Class Label Themselves Socialists and Against Dry Law. BY LEMUEL F. PARTON. NEW YORK, May 16.—The Micro- cosm, senior annual of the Coliege of the City of New York, announces this week a “synthesis of the senior mind,” which discloses a great deal in the said mind that doubtless the faculty didn't put there. A questionnaire filled in by the senior students reveals that a plurality of the that the class is almost unanimously opposed to prohi- PERSONNEL BY BRUCE BARTON. HE head of a trust company was describ- ing the extraordinary growth of their busi- ness. More and more estates are passing into the hands of trust companies. The capital funds of these estates are in- vested not only in bonds and mortgages, but in the voting stocks of the country’s lead- ing corporations. If the process goes on at the same rate for another 25 years the trust companies will control a large proportion of the wealth of the United States. “Your problem is person- nel,” I said to the banker. “That's our only problem,” he answered. “Well, we try to pick the smartest young men from the colleges, men who have majored in economics and finance. We start them in at the bottom and let them fight their way up. Some drop by the wayside, but the survivors develop into very good men.” I told him I thought they were omitting one very im- ortant step in the process of ?ratning, “After your young man has had two or three years’ ex- perience in the bank, you ought to pull him out. and send him into the heart of the country,” I said. ‘“Make him spend a year or two working on a farm, or with a section gang on the railroad, or clerking in a country store. Insist that he live on what he earns. “When he comes back to New York he will have some idea of how hard ordinary people have to work for their money. He will have a social, as well as a merely financial, point of view. A dollar will never become merely a sign or a sum to him. It will rep- resent hopes and fears, ambi- tions and defeats, human sweat and blood.” When it came time for me to go to college my father took me aside and said: “You have planned to go to Am- herst, and I approve of the plan. But I want you to take your first year at Berea Col- lege, in Kentucky, where I worked my way through.” He added a4 sentence which I have never forgotten: “I want your sympathies to be on the side of the men who have to struggle for what they get.” It was a wise and fine thing for a father to say to a boy. I am one of those who be- lieve that we are entering a period of great social changes. No matter how big and strong an institution or an industry may be it is goine to be tested. Those institations will win out which are headed by men of broad human sympathies; men who can see the other man’s point of view because they have shared u)e other man’s daily life. It is a time for wonderful opportunity for young men. But they must get themselves education. Not merely the education of books; the greater educa- tion of really knowing and liking their fellow men. (Copyright, 1931.) its favorite poet. of cultural or political orthodoxy in this collective mind of the outgoing class in a college of 18,000 students, it is not revealed. All preferences, tastes and bellefs, as here disclosed, are more or less at odds with established college sanctions. ‘While the students were thus record- are, Moses J. Strook, chairman of the board of higher education, was re- proving them in an address at the Charter day exercises of -the college. t is the habit of yougg men” he sald, “to be t of traditions. That is obviously foolish. It is only through the experlence of countless generations that we get the culture and development of ay. Criticism s rampant and most of it, I am sorry to say, is destructive.” Call Einstein Greatest Modern. In the questionnaire, the political alliances of the seniors were recorded as fl(;l;m: gficuun,” 157; Only 16 students preferred varsity let- ters to Phi Beta Kappa. For the first time since the annual class census be- gan, there was no financier or inventor in the list of the world's greatest men. The five greatest men in history were listed as follows: Jesus, Aristotle, Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespeare and Albert Einstein. Einstein was chosen the world's greatest living man. ‘What Mr. Stroock sald and what the students said is observed here as an in- teresting class between faculty and un- dergraduate J)oinu of view, in one of he largest of American colleges. Ap- parently, so far as the senior vote is concerned, H. L. Mencken scores heavily over the college dons. Another Cultural Upset. ‘There was still .another cultural up- set in New York this week when the bust of Walt Whitman was planted in the Hall of Fame at New York Uni- versity. For many years the friends of the lusty Long Island bard had been hammernig at the gates of this arcanum of the great without success. Greenwich Vi back in the days of plush hats and low heels, used to worry more about Walt Whitman not being in the Hall of Fame than it did about getting its rent money. This correspondent fell in with a group of Whitman conspirators in Washington Square one dark night. They were on the way to the Hall of Fame with some precious object wrapped up in tissue paper. They , shad- owy arcade with the statues of the im- mortals arranged along a collonade. Then they undid thet;vgcchn It was a tiny clay bust of itman, done by Art Young, whimiical cartoonist and satirist. With a solemn midnight cere mony, they enshrined the miniature collossus in a afit. yawning ves Er itman’s offi- niche. Then they to a lifelong battle cial acceptance in the Hall of Fame. One of the conspirators was young Mark Westerman. He became ing their dissent from things as they |e: same iden- tical advertising and selling methods can be put in tice in one of them. ~ Gommerelally Latin Americ: lon housing $20,000,000 worth of British les ranging from tacks to stock. This exhibit only closed two weeks ago, ha recorded tendance of more than a million in a Ierlod of six weeks, behind a number of large orders whis have compelled some of the l.:zut British concerns to open branch offices in the Argentine L Italy sent recently 10 of her best aviators across the ocean in a good-will flight to Brazil. Cloaked in the smoke of their engines, the brave Italian pilots carried Mussolini's - plans J:" Italian dustrial development. The day follow- ing the planes’ arrival at Rio de Ja- ice in operation, in fast steamships. Germany, on her part, announces the establishment of a regu- lar air service to South America with dirigibles of the Graf As for the United States, a tion the importance of these n of planes chartered for the trast to the previous year wi of lkybfl;'l loaded ith swooped down on Louisville. Railt fimnl ware lewer than usual, it that sizeable de’l cston, New York and , informal wagers were jerably. lighter than jast Oceans Travel Holds Own. ), In con- en a fleet of | year. . | Delegates to limited to 300, it was decided Pan-American Union, will bz represented at the October Conference and gladly tender their services to this end.” =~ A Double Purpose. ‘This resolution was presented by ti representative of the atio) -l R g before a ses- sion, Senor Cohen stressed v.ne'mug that only be secured through the organization of fact-finding and direct~ ing by those in com- mercial activities. The lack of such that . | bodies, he said, made it extremely dif- and | ficult for Edlvldllll and to bring their aims and the attention of the general of the local and national B second, an int one, to bring about that co-operstion. ;hh:h is the hckbolul: oy — terchange among peop interests and different points of view. * (Copyright. 1931.) 2 Japanese Religions Pla‘l:l‘ Three-Day Meet May 18 TOKIO, Japan.—Another meeting of Tepresentatives of the three great re- ligions of Japan—Buddhism, Shintoism and Christianity—will be held in this city for three days, beginning May 18. Confucianism, alth renrd.d. by ference for International Peace Religion, which will be held at Wash- ington in November, 1932, and is & monwred by the Japanese chapter e 4 . this meeting will be at a recent ttee in charge of millionaires | becom in Hawali, is mmwum wal out this tendency, he said. Germany Is Planning Summer Opera In Open BERLIN. -air - program ‘May 24 to August ma y inclusive. . imed | The o esentation will Johann M' s Bermuda are ade " | revenues to the intake from the South- | Sa int in the West ern Int these trips desper- A, Tf R0 pite of all the tallof depression, ately, whi In n any other city in ces of vast surplus {fén for luxury. (Copyright. 184> ilab ‘Oynl;hrm. ¥