Evening Star Newspaper, April 26, 1931, Page 5

LINGUIST INVENTS “MAGIC ALPHABET” Wilfred Stevens Creates Lan- guage Urged as Medium for Universal Use. BY REX COLLIER. ‘Wilfred Stevens, principal zmnshwrl of the State Department, who has & working knowledge of more than 30 languages, has invented & new universal tongue which harks back to the dl"n| of civilization, when man first learned to converse in monosyllabic jargon. The new language, resembling Chi- nase in its sing-song flow of melodious monosyllables, was designed not only as a medium of international communi- cation but as & possible substitute even- | tually for every known tongue. | Recognized as the outstanding linguist of the Government, if not of the world, Mr. Stevens is reputed to have a “schol- arly command” of Chinese, Japanese, French, Polish and several other lan- guages, in addition to what he modestly terms a “translator’s knowledge” of many others, ancient and modern. { All his spare time is devoted to the ' study of languages, and it was during | “leisure moments” that h> created his| new universal speech, invented a new | “magic alphabet" as a written vehicle and translat-d Webster's Unnbridgegi" Dictionary into the new ‘“cave man dialect. The alphabet is applicable also to existing languages, Mr. Stevens as-, serts, and will “render all existing lan- | guages mutually pronounceable” and shorten sentences materially. { Describes New Language. | In an interview Mr, Stevens described the new language an origin. “After studying thoroughly all the most_important forms of polysyllabic sp:ech,” Rg!slld. “I took up the world's | principal monosyllabic language, Chi- nese, and was delighted to discover that, although suffering from the de- fects inherent in natural speech in gen- eral, it was nevertheless capable of ex- pressing all human thought with a re- markable decree of precision without the aid of any so-called ‘accidence.’ By that I mean without its words un- d any change of form or adding o athacs r prefix xes. “1 gradually conceived the audacious idea of molding all modern speech on the pattern of this most ancient rep- resentative of what in all likelihood was | the original form of thought manifes-| tation of mankind after emerging from the ‘missing link’ stage of development. Monosyllabic Language Best. *“The advantages of a monosyllabic were, 1 realized, so prepon- derant as to justify the preference of such a form of speech to any other, provided a sufficient number of single | syllables could be found to express all | the shades of modern thought. To obtain such & number I was obliged to combine :;ery poun:’l:e vgrul or dlph; thong with every utterable consonan! or combination thereof, while care to have each syllable begin con- “Having then found that the num- ber of syllables thus obtained was still | inadequate, I took the tones used in| Chinese as a guide, and, finding that the maximum number of easily utter- able tones and inflections was about 10, multiplied my syllabary by this number, the product yielding the req- uisite grand syllabary of, say, 100,000 units unmistakably distinguishable by both eye and ear, whether standing alone or in context. ‘“Whereas in ge the tones and inflections of the voice are utilized solely to differentiate homophones—spoken words which sound alike but have dif- ferent meanings—without possessing any grammatical or other significance whatever, I concluded that such an aimless arrangement would only in- crease the bewilderment of the learner. | ‘The tones and inflections, I decided, should be made to serve some serious purpose. “Consequently, I laid down the rule that three fundamental tones should be used (mi, do, sol), the upper to in- dicate verbs, the middle adjectives and | " the lower tone nouns, these being the | only three parts of speech necessary in | & monosyllabic language.” Mr. Stevens was asked to explain the scurce of sounds used for expressing words or ideas in the new language. Source of Sounds Used. “In assigning meanings to my syl- lables,” he said, “I -endeavored to be rational by using the pleasant-sounding | syllables for pleasant and the hersh- sounding syllables for harsh things. | “Etymologically, I gave a general| preference to French words as a source | c? derivation, owing to their superior phonetic beauty. However, the words are taken about evenly from English, | French, German and other better known | European languages “By a carefully thought-out system of tonic permutation I have provided that every sentence utterable in the language must be a perfect melody. In tolling to attain my ideal I was constantly | spurred on to a more intense creative cZort by the fond delusion that the singing of such a uniform concordance of musical notes might tend to foster international understanding and obliter- ate from the human soul all yearning for war.” Pressed for a further explanation of | ht reference for monosyllables, the 1 translator was outspoken in his iticism of present polysyllabic forms of speech. “To my knowledge” he declared,! “mcst international langusges hitherto constructed have been based on Latin or Indo-European or inflectional cate- gories of languag:s. 1 “According to Max Muller, the orig- inal form of speech was the monosyl- labic, s represented by Chinese. It certainly stands to reason that the primitive form of utterance to express any given idea must have been but a single syllable, for there is no real sense | in using two syliables to represent ! single concept “When portions of the civilized, monosyllabic peoples broke away and became barbarous nom:dic tribes, riding over the plains of Asia on horscback, they found it difficult to communicate orally with each other at long range in monosyllables, so began to combine sev- eral together to render them more readily recognizable When Words Grew Longer. “The result was that these word groups, or phrzses, were finally adopted | as single words of several syllables, and | 63 thi ccounts for the high degree of po abicity of the so-called agglu- tinative languages of Asia and other continents. “When certain groups of these bar- barous nomads eventually reconcen- trated into closer communities they again felt the need of shorter, more civilized forms of words, and then began a process of word compression which resulted in the irrgular, cacaphonous, difficultly pronounceable, most unnatural of all word forms found in the so-called inflectional lenguages, which really rep- resent the second or retroactive stage of corruption of the original monosyliables. “One example will serve to illustrate the compression or ‘telescoping' of | polysyliable into a monosyliable. The ' Greek word pen-te-co-ste, a smooth and easily pronounceable combination of four | syllables, is crushed together in German into tihe monosyllabic form fingst, in | which a nasal-palatal, a sibilent and a Cental without encuing vocality are| made to terminate a word, the result| b2inz an arduously utterable combina- tion. Followed by a word with an ob- gtruciive consonantal beginning, the; difficulty is increased. “I had experience in attempting to| form a theoretically perfect polysyllabic THE SUNDAY New “Magic Alphabet” € but applicable to other tongues for bre added. 110 ono vuw | & A« oalm ont csupht E € bate bet bitter est it une (French u) oat or word copl cook cut @00 welk oow 28 yet boy #00d yiddish pat bat fot vet gun zone ghall asure fock duck thing this knle gale leich loghos 158 odds iseh eige eggs lwury lvurious me not aing he let raw srrida annt ent want cuint pant cidn't ete. ! S E——— Wilfred Stevens' new “Magic Alphabet,” created for his universal language, vity in writing and printing. There are | 38 letters. to which sub-dotted characters denoting supplementary sounds are result is ubiquitous phonetic ambiguity, owing to the impossibility of discerning l-lhue one word ends and ancther be- ns. ® “In a monosyliabic language, in which no syllable of like form and tone or in- flection can possibly have more than one well defined meaning. no ambiguity can_ arise, even if the words stand en- tirely alone. If we utter in English the sound ‘seen,’ who on earth can tell whether ‘scene’ or ‘seen’ is meant?"” In translating the dictionary—1,716 pages in all—into the monosyllabic vocabulary, Mr. Stevens overlooked not a single word—from the commonest of every-day articles to the most insignifi- cant protozoan or cryptogam. Every tangible shade of thought, whether verbal, adjectival or substanti- val, is represented by its own appro- priately toned or inflected syllable. New Language Time Saver. When it is remembered that such long words as circumstance, representa- tion, investigation, notwithstanding, etc., are expressed by a single syllable of one to three letters, it seems that much time, labor and material would be saved by adoption of the new speech. “The grand underlying standard of literary perfection is conciseness,” he pointed out. “It is not only a violation of linguistic propriety, but actually an insult to the intelligence of one's reader syllable.” Deeming it expedient that a universal language should be “absolutely uni- versal phonetically as well as ety- mologically,” Mr. Stevens has embodied in his language all the consonants and vowels found in any of about 30 varie- ties of modern speech. . The “magic alphabet” embraces all these sounds and will make for a uni- form pronunciation, even among per- sons of varying nationalities. The alphabet consists of ordinary Gothic small caps, lower case and a few slightly modified characters. = ‘magie alphabet’ 80_8i logical and methodical that En speaking peoples should be able to learn to write and pronounce each character in a very short time,” Mr. Stevens said. ‘The only possible stumbling blocks are the French “u” and the fricative “k"” le, lish- to be imitated. English Spelling “Disgrace.” “My idea is that this alphabet should first be adopted by the Anglo-SBaxon nations in writing English, thereby do- ing away with the present chaotic or- ography, which is such a hindrance to the current pronunciation of our nguage and such a potent cause of prevalent illiteracy. “The spe’ling of the English language is really a disgrace to a civilized people. “To compel children to struggle with an absurd mode of designating sounds such as prevails in English is an out- rage. must be spelled otherwise than it is pronounced, its reasoning powers are diseouraged, its senses stultified, its in- tellectual faculties warped at the very time when they should be directed into methodical channels. for the sake of the rising generation alone, to provide a sensible, palpable means of spelling words, not to speak of the fact that millions of citizens of foreign, as well as native, origin find it impossible to fathom the intricacies of our orthography. “The English system is not only hopelessly unable to spell the werds of the language, but it is even impos- sible to represent any given word there- in with any degree of accuracy. “Suppose we take, for instance, some foreign word which does not even con- tain any sound unknown to us, such as the Spanish word ‘rayo’, in_which the first syllable is like the English ‘rye’ and the second like ca in ‘oat.’ Shall we write it rye-oh, ri-o, rie-ow, reigh-oa, righ-ough, ruy-oe or reye- eau, taking as a basis the words rye oh, rite so, height oat, right dough, buy toe and eye beau? Is there a per- son in the United States or England who can deny that a system like this is an abomination and an infamy” Encourages Bad Spellers. “In my opinion, & person who wins a prize at a spelling bee deserves less credit than & man who misspells words, provided he writes them phonetically correct. The former has performed mere parrot-like, mechanical memoriza- tion, while the latter has at least used his mother wit in combining letters to represent the sounds of the words he hears them. ‘The idea, as advocated by some, of remedying the evil by gradual reform altering a few words at a time while still reserving the inadequate Latin alphabet, might as well be relinquished as_a_practical impossibility. Such a X2 Specializing in Perfect DIAMONDS Also complete line of stand- ard and all-American made watches. Shop at the friendly store— you're always greeted with a smile—with no obligation to buy. Charge Accounts Invited M. Wurtzburger Co. t. N.W, oo adefeadeadefedeatradeedeatecs Notice to Subscribers in Apartment Houses Subscribers wishing the carrier boy to knock on the door when delivering The Star will please tele- phone circulation depart- ment, National 5000—and instructions will be given for this service to start at language, but found it virtually impos- € for tha reason that if the poly- €xlabic system of word formation is cartied out to its logical once. . 1 and “g” which may have to be heard ! When a child is told that a word | It is our duty, | %o 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 4% ¢% ¢% ¢ 6% XIXEXIXTXTXI XXX I'procedure would keep the whole sub- | ject of spelling in a state of upheaval |and uncertainty for a century, and | would not lead to a satisfactory solu- !tion in the end. The only way to re- construct any edifice is to tear it down to the foundation, haul away or burn | the rubbish, and rebuild from the ground up with fresh, ! selected material, utilizing the most ad- vanced architectural theories and de- | signs. “After this country, and perhaps England, have set the example, an in- | ternational conference should be called | with a view to having as large a num- | ber of nations as possible simultaneously | adopt the alphabet instead of their own. Once this were accomplished the next step would be the universal !adoption of my monosyllabic tone | speech, for which the alphabet pri- | marily was designed. | “In this age when international com- municaticns and relations are becoming 30 much closer than in previous epochs, it becomes imperatively necessary that an alphabet should be adopted that | will convey the sound not only of native | words but of foreign words as well. | _“How many persons in the United States ever 'lcarn the correct pro- | nonciation of such names as Jusserand, | | Czechoslovakia and Reichstag?” ! Mispronunciation Obviated. l Mr. Stevens at this point took a pen or hearer to use a single superfluous and wrote out these names in the new | yi. - | alphabet, to show how mispronunciation tion could be obviated. The Government linguist contends that adoption of the new alphabet would entail no unjustiabl= expense, | considering the benefits to be gained | Typewriters and linotype machines could be converted to the new alphabet | without prohibitive cost, he believes. | As for arranging for a concerted | change-over, he suggested the advisa- | bility of & governmental porciamation, such as Turkey issued in going over | recently to the Latin alphabet. “I am prepared to offer to the world,” he said, “a thing of genuine merit, the adoption of which would redound to the everlasting joy, happiness and ma- terial benefit of every nation having the wisdom to take it up—language and alphabet as a substitute for present | forms.” periously demand an energetic, terse, monosyllabic speech. Can I not prove ! this assertion by referring to the single- syllabled words constantly misused in | the daily press as subterfuges to avoid | more appropriate but cumbersome | polysyllables? How about ‘graft’ in- | stead of ‘peculate,’ ‘probe’ for ‘investi- gate,’ ‘seen’ for ‘considered’ and a host of others in which the substitute word | is perferted in meaning, so that if this practice is continued it must inevitably result in utter linguistic chaos. “No process under the sun can ever reduce the English language to a mono- syllablc form that could be logical, | of modern thought. If we feel the | need of a monosyilablc language, we | must build it up for ourselves.on a | rational basis, going back to the old mother of all human speech, Chinese, as 1 have done, and, taking it as our inspiration, build and mold on prin- | ciples revealed to us by the light of modern literary usage and experience.” (Copyright, 1931.) | scientifically | “The urgent needs of life today im- | methodical and adequately expressive | STAR, WASHINGTON, VISITS 70 GARDENS WILL AID CHILDREN Social Work in Georgetown Will Benefit as “Pilgrim- age” Is Observed. Many Georgetown children will bene- fit materially through the “Georgetown Garden Pilgrimage,” May 15 and 16, when the gardens of some of the fine old homes will be opened to the city’s garden lovers. \ The pligrimage, already established in the minds of Washingtonians as an interesting event of the year, will be conducted under auspices of George- town'’s Children's C:ommittee. This group of men and women was organ- 1zed last year to utllize the proceeds from the garden visits in engaging and paying the salary of a full-time social worker, who would provide training and recreation for pre-school and other children of the community. ‘The work which this worker, Miss Winona Rorby, is performing includes the operation of a morning nursery school for children too young to enter public kindergartens and recreational activities in the afternoons for chil- dren between 7 and 14 years of ege. This work now is being carried out in several communities of Georgetown and, despite the absence of a ‘“‘com- munity house” or permanant establish- ment, it is ranking well with the tainments of other regular established “neighborhood houses.” Miss Rorby is a graduate of Nebraska University and the Recreational Train- | ing School of Hull House, Chicago. She came to Georgetown from the Lincoln House in Boston to inaugurate the work among the children of “Old ‘Washington.” She is not doing family case work, although her labors include the following up of home conditions of her little charges, and her field of en- deavor is not covered by any other agency cf the community. ‘The gardens which will be opened to the pligrims next month will be an- nounced so soon as the list is com- pleted. Tickets of admission to the pilgrimage gardens will be sold at each of the opened gardens and at the May- flower Hotel. ‘The committee in ~harge of the gar- den pligrimage includes Mrs. Robert F. Whitehead, chairman; Mrs. B. H. Meyer, Mrs. E. I Lewis, Mrs. Gordon Dun- | thorne, Mrs. E. Lester Jones, Mrs. Rob- ert Wooley. Mrs. Bernard Wyckoff, Mrs. Edward Hulbert, Mrs. Donald Wight, Miss Katherine Dougal and Mrs. Rich- ard V. Oulahan. The Georgetown Children’s Commit- | tee, under whose auspices the pilgrim- age is being conducted, includes Mrs. - Whitehead, chairman: Mrs. Alexander | Steuart, Mrs. Lloyd Wight, Mrs. Frud- | erick McReynolds, Mrs. G. Lleve'in | Nicholson, Mrs. Wooley, Mrs. Wcrth Dantels, Miss Dougal, Miss Portia Ober- ly, Rev. F. Bland Tucker, Rev. Francis Isaac Nordlinger John Thider, ‘nnd B. H. Meyer. DR. WILBUR TO SPEAK Interior Secretary Will Give Talk | on Health Survey, | Dr. Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary of the Interior, will speak on the signifi- cance of community health surveys | et the meeting of the Council of Social Agencies at the Y. W. C. A. at noon tomorrow. Dr. Willlam A. White will | discuss the survey of health facilities | made here recenily by the American | The meet- | Public Health Assocation. ing was called at 12 instead of 12:30 | | o'clock as originally planned so that | those desiring might attend the funeral for Dr. George M. Kober. | | WILL HONOR JOURNALIST | | S — | | walter Williams, president of the | | University of Missouri and founder of | the first school of journalism in the | United States, will be entertained by the | University of Missouri Alumni Associa- | tion and the Missouri State Soclety at | | the Hotel Mayflower at 7 o'clock to- morrow night. He arrived this morning. Screen Doors New—That Do Not Warp or Sag 1576 H St NE 64 C St SW. 5025Ga AvaNW ~=jyust name The center diamond is a beauty — cut by a master. The smaller monds sparkle with living fire! 4 n Prizess 1 FIRST PRIZE This $100 Diamond Ring ND PRIZE in Cash d SEC $51 THIRD PRIZE $25 in Cash TEN PRIZES $1 Cash Each a m b Name The Rules are Simple 1. Name the ring, and ive your reasons for choosing it, in a letter of ot over 200 words. 2. he letter must be writ- ten in ink, on one side of the paper only. 3. The ecision of the judges will be final. 4. All letters be addressed to Contest, Castel- 1004 F St. NW,, nust erg’s, and postmarked not later than April 30, 1931. C S. “ontestants may submit ny number of entries. . -C., APRIL 26, 1931—PART ONE. 200 Hunger Strikers In Tokio Lose Heart; Food Makes One Il By the Assoclated Press. ‘TOKIO, April 25.—Vernacular newspapers reported today 200 men employes of the Japan Dye- ing & Weaving Co. at Hashibasho, & suburb of Tokio, who went on a hunger strike when a fellow worker was discharged Tuesday, were losing heart. The papers sald many of the strikers were now eating food passed by relatives and friends through windows of a warehouse in which they locked themselves. Strike leaders, however, said the Teport was incorrect.” Doctors Who examined one striker said he was suffering from acute indiges- tion caused by eating too many hard-boiled eggs too rapidiy. GARDEN CLUB MEMBERS TO VISIT BALTIMORE Trip on Program of Campaign for Funds for Capital Entrances Beautification. Local members of the National Fed- eration of Garden Clubs will visit Bal- timore gardens May 5 as part of a pro- gram for raising funds for beautifica- tion of the main entrances to the National Capital from Maryland. Funds raised by the payment of en- trance fees to the m&mm gardens visited during the tour will go to this purpose. Local federation ~members will leave the Young Women's Christian Association Building here at 9 a. May 5. Mrs. F. P. Wilcox is chairman of the tour program, which is under super- vision of Miss Margaret Lancaster, president of the National Federation of Garden Clubs. JUDGE COBB HONORED Judge James A. Cobb, colored jurist of the Municipal Court was the guest of honor and speaker at the fifth annual banquet of the Harlem Layyers dAs!oclltlon in New York City ydster- ay. “Liberty under the Constitution,” was the theme of Judge Cobb's talk. Building Material B Tearing Down 2 City Blocks for U. S. Gov't. Doors, brick, frames, lumber, windcws, flooring, plumbing lavatories, heating plants, and many other bar- gains from other wrecking jobs, as well as new material. Come to any of our 3 yards! This $1800 Sti will be sold for the unpaid balance Reliable party can buy this factory rebuilt Stieff G believably low figure of just the 60 Houses 1DOGWOOD DISPLAY | ADVANGED IN CITY Ridge Road and Ross Drive in Rock Creek Park Have Finest Showing. Efforts Lo preserve the flowering dog- | wood, just now coming into bloom, will ‘b'! carried forward this season by the | Wildflower Preservation Society, it was | announced last night by P. L. Ricker, president of the soclety. Co-operating with this organization in the campaign is the Garden Club of America, through its committee 6f the National Capital. " ‘The dogwood blooms in the city, Mr. Ricker said, seem to be further ad- vanced than those farther out in th suburbs and the country, for some rea- son, but all the flowers in this whole vicinity seem still to have a faint green- ish tinge, he says. A few warm days, however, will bring to the white petals of this flowering tree more growth and more beauty. The greenish tinge will bleach out into | & creamy white and the dogwood will | be in its full glory. Best Display in Rock Creek Park. Some of the finest display of dogwood in the Capital is in Rock Creek Park on Ridge road and Ross drive in the high ridges of the park. There are several residence areas, however, which | boast beautiful displays of dogwood, which are now coming into their own The redbud seems to be blooming slight- | 1y ahead of the dogwood. ‘The public again this year is asked by the Wildflower Preservation Soclety and | the Garden Club of America to enjoy but to preserve the dogwood trees, in order that they may increase instead | of decrease in this section of the coun- try. Vandals years ago threatened { almost to wipe out this tree by break- ing off whole branches and sometimes by stripping entire trees of their blooms, | which soon fade and die. | __The cherry blossom spectacle here Mr. Ricker characterized as “one of the greatest flower displays of the country” | and, he added, “few of the spectators ever try to break off any of the argains Large Selection Lowest Prices ROCKBOTTOM PRICES 3—Branches—3 MAIN OFFICE- I5™& H Sts. N.E. DOWNTOWN-62&C Sts SW BRIGHTWOOD-5925Ga Ave. NW. eff Grand unpaid balance. Wonderful tone. No Interest—No Carrying Charges TERMS plating ¢ An opportunity for anyone contems he purchase of a plane. STIEFF Chas. M. Stieff, Inc. 1340 G Street N. W. Your Old Piano Will Be Taken as Part Payment 7ORK AVENUE of FIFTEENTH @ Heeping Washington Chauffeurs’ You Need Not Come In Name the ring from this picture, if you prefer, and meil rour entry. 1. 1.@'s Cldest Credit Jewelers 1004 F ST. N.W. ’~ e @ ¢ @ @ & & o' @ ¢ Men Well Dressed ® Uniforms The Smartest Styles of Today 35 © 355 PB presents the American Norfolk and the double- breasted model in gabardine, whipcord or serge, with trousers; also the French Shield-front with breeches. Cravenetted Whipcord Black Raincoats .... Caps .. Gloves Puttees VATIONALLY KO branches.” reverence for the dogwood. Other Flowers Bioom Soon. “In addition to the flowering dog- wood,” Mr. Ricker points out, there soon follow now in rapid succession wildflowers familiar to nature lovers in this region. These flowers include the Golden Corydalis, several Violets, But- tercup, Wild Geranium, Wild Phlox, Strawberry, May Apple, Sweet Cicely, two Solomon's Seals, ild Ginger, Pussy Toes, Red Columbine, Golden Ragwort and a host of other attractive flowers that will well repay one to take a walk along some woodland path just to see how many of these can fie found. “After a Winter of confinement to| your homes, street cars or automobiles, those of you who are not wedded to the ancient and honorable game of golf,” advises Mr. Ricker, “will find an added joy to livinz in observing nature changs her floral raiment, inhale the fresh | Spring breezes and limber up the stif- fened muscles. miles will help to keep th> doctor away, but Jisten to the sermon of the Jack- in-the-Fulpit. whose subject is ‘Enjoy But D> Not Destroy Rare Wildflowers.’ Azzlea Will Come Later. “A little later, the white and pink forms of the Azalea, which are often erroneously called Hon: He pleaded for a simllar | pear. This does not | ration or roadside A weekly hike of a few | | store controller, * A5 produce & branches to , o, of seriously depleting the mwlym number of flowerin rant extensive cutt | Should be left to beautify our country- side. “Early in May will aj r the pink and the vellow unu.'l&wpen The former will grow only in strongly acid soil and is g‘uch m?re common lants of the pink species with roots and sometimes pflwm are often sold in the markets for 25 cents each. but they rarely survive trans- planting and the seed has as yet only been grown successfully in the labora- tory in artificial culture media.” STORE EXECUTIVES DINE Members of the Executive Club of Goldenberg's Department Store, com- posed of the store’s buyers and execu- tives, held their monthly dinner last night at the Hotel Occidental. Addresses were made by Leo Baum, and Arthur Abbott, general manager. Charles L. Finney acted as master of ceremonies. Officers of the club are: Jullan Behrends, president; Louis Mintz, vice president: Arthur Baum, treasurer, and Mrs. Jesse uckle, will ap- | Meredith, secretary ROPESSIONAL welcome the Imported Fabrics FINELY TAILORED position in life makes de- sirable an appearance of dignified smartness, will for a satisfying selection af- forded in our Spring exhibit of Walter Morton Clothes. Included in our groupings are imported fabrics of rare men, whose opportunity quality, beautifully tailored in conservatively smart "models. $65 New York Avenue at Fifteenth C E ot FIFTEENTH ONSERVATIVE design, comfort and long service feature this fine J. & M. oxford, the Highland Straight Tip. Russia or black calf. model. A correct and istinctive $12.50 [P