Evening Star Newspaper, April 26, 1931, Page 27

. TUSKEGEE OF 1931 FAR CRY! / FROM OLD SHANTY OF 1881 Material Growth Remarkable, but Influ- ence It Has Exerted Upon Character of Colored Race BY MARY CHURCH TERRELL. F it is possible for thos¢ who have departed this life to know what is happening on earth, Booker T. Washi must have been very happy during the recent celebra- tion of Tusk 's fiftieth anniversary. It is hard to believe that by any pos- sible stretch of imagination or exercise of faith he could have visualized such a wonderful school as those who at- tended the exercises beheld, when it opened for {ts first session July 4, 1881, in a dilapidated shanty with 30 pupils, of whom he was the only teacher. It 1s indeed a far cry from that poor little shanty to the 122 substantial buildings which are well equipped ru; the pur- usel The campus, with its 110 acres, is real thing of beauty and a joy rome;. tlvVhlmt T one loou| ',I;letr; is a perfectly green lawn s wealth of tm;gbew and trees. In a zection where the schools provided for colored children are often unsightly and in need of repair, the physical sur- roundings of Tuskegee are object les- sons to the pupils in neatness, clean- liness and order as well as a delight to the eye. ,"wuh nl ‘:en fi“? ot & penny spent in mal e school : nw&:nln this particular and in cul- tivating the taste of the pupils was School Owns 1,850 Acres. In addition to the 110 acres of cam- pus, there are 500 acres of farm land, which are cultivated, and 1,240 acres of pasture and woodland, which make a total of 1850 acres owned by the school. But, as remarkable as has been the of the school, the in- 4 ste ¢ g § ¥ i ¥ 1 2 s | i | L o I 15 § | i : B 82 i i E : s ] ] | E f i ! : i =F i 5838 558 : i 3¢ g | 23T i3 i B § | :F i i 3 i g BS 4] g § 4 ] 1 : g % ] 53 Sk £ B i i i : i 5y & i B K a8 i / Six or seven years raised to the dignity of a full-fledged , in which 477 students are now e led. ‘There is a good high school, too. Nevertheless, the school has never budged an inch from the system of education as originally planned. It clings tenaciously to the point of view ent ed by the founder, who de- clared, “We shall prosper in proportion as we learn to dignify and glorify labor and put skill and brain into the com- mon things of life.” It believes the a ‘There are 40 trades for men No student is al- lowed to graduate who has not com- pleted some definite trade. A visit through the various trades buildings is most impressive. One sees the boys learning brickmaking, brick- laying, plastering, blacksmithing, wood turning, scroll and machine work, cabl- net making, printing, men’s tailoring, Wheelwrighting, carriage trimming, sheet metal work, tinsmithing, plumb- ing, shoe mending, automobile repair- ing, painting and other trades. The ob- Jects which the boys have actually | made lle before one's eyes. They speak for themselves. The girls learn laundering, plain sew- ing, dressmaking, millinery, mattress , broom making and basketry. Some of the scarfs, purses and bed- spreads which the girls have woven are ‘works of art. Instrument for Progress. Fhe students who have been lu- sting from these trades for the last 50 ears have literally been the little leaven of skill and efficiency which has been leavening the whole lump. It does not require a great stretch of the im- agination to understand what & power- ful instrument for progress the ke- gee idea has been for half & century a group of people who sorely the information and the inspira- tion which it alone could impart. The students have literally buckled on the armor of knowledge and skill and have forth to war against ignorance and cy, especially in that section ‘where opportunity for such instruction as they recelved could have been ob- tained et no_ other school for many Now, however, there are mug little housekeepers all over the Sout which are each doing their share to ~ golve & difficult problem in the quickest, | surest way. In his scheme for promotine the wel- fare of his race Booker Washington did not confine his efforts solely to the children, but he mapped out a well defined plan to incl ‘well. first ste] Is More Striking. doctrine of buying and owning land in season and out. In short, he devoted much of his time, energy and money in teaching the farmers improved methods of tilling the soil and in showing them how to raise their rural life to a higher lane. Booker Washington's influence gu been felt in many ways, but in none more than in the success which he achieved in inducing the farmers to the land which they cultivated. Colored people own much erty today they did 50 years s and there is no doubt that sbme of the improvement in this direction was made because they followed Booker Washing: ton’s advice. ‘Went Out to Teach Farmers. But even the Farmers’ Conference did not entirely satisfy his desire to advance the interests of race. He conceived the idea of sending it a wagon to the farmers to teach them the lessons in agriculture and sanitation which he wished them to learn. If the mountain would not go to Mahomet then Mahomet made up his mind to go to the mountain. Farm demonstration service was carried on by the Jesup ‘Wagon, which was named for the donor, unt] ment of Agriculture. One of the most interesting sights at the recent celebra- tion was the old, broken-down wagon which was the first to go on its rounds of education, demonstration and in- spiration to the farmers of that section. All the sessions of the recent cele- bration held the attention of the audi- ences closely, but none captivated them more than that one in which they were shown by experts how the people of the rural sections are taught to do certain kinds of work. It was an atmosphere of “make believe” in which they lived for the time being. For instance the men who came to teach us how to plant sweet potatoes started out by asking “How many of you are going to plant sweet potatoes this Spring? Those of mvbommlnlwdon.nueyour ds.” And we all entered into the spirit of the occasion and raised our hands . Forthwith the instructor told us exactly how to plant them—what kind of soll should be used, how to keep them it was taken over by the Depart- 1931—PART TV Bruening—German Enigma Originator of Bold Post-War Scheme Chancellor Is a Puzzle to His Compatriots. BY EMIL LENGYEL. Y a recent decree of Marshal von Hindenburg, President of the Reich, Heinrich Bruening, Ger- many's chancellor, has been in- vested with powers amounting to dictatorship, which he will exert in concert with his cabinet and with the governments of the federal states. A few days before the promulgation of the decree Herr Bruening threw the litical world into a turmoil by agree- ng, in the name of Germany, to nego- tiate a treaty for the pu of form- ing a customs union with Austria. Several governments sumsud“mlt this was the dreaded “Anschluss” the union of the two Oermnn-srelktnc countries, and that the preliminary agreement was a violation of the peace treaties and of later international ob- ligations. The British @oreign minister Arthur Henderson, sucteeded in still- ing the angry voices of the opposition by suggesting that the agreement should be submitted to the Council of the League of Nations for examination. Presently Downing street extended an invitation to Herr Bruening and . his foreign minister to a_round-table con- ference in London. Thus, presumably much against his wish, Germany’s chancellor was placed in the forefront of international affairs. Celebrates First Anniversary. Invested with the power of a dictator and originator of one of the boldest po- litical schemes of the post-war er Chancellor Bruening the other day cel brated his first anniversary as the hea of the German government. A year ago political wiseacres predicted that Herr Bruening would soon join the ranks of the swelling army of Germany's political failures. Today he is the man of the hour, the bronco-buster of the German political world. Dictators are usually thought of as men with voracious mouths and thun- derous volces, with eyes like steel and fists like hammers. Chancellor Bruen- ing is the reverse of the traditional type of dictator. His lips are finely cut and his voice is soft; his eyes, when not bar- ricaded behind spectacles, gleam with the kindness of an ingratiating blue; his hands are those of a college professor, sensitive and nervous, not crushing and warm enough, how deep to plant them and s0 on. Narse Gives Instruction. ‘Then wfihznvnl 8 visiting nur: who ve & lesson on how to care for the sick. On the platform before eyes there was a sure-enough ul:l.ch a student who played the patient was lying. The nurse to change both sheets with- disturbing the patient, expmnlns done as she deftly dic information was also be tal contained green yellow. The dyer plece of material into | g r £i5ek ! green dye and intensi- hich greatly improved Then followed allur- suggestions about ¥hich could be accom- home anA for one's ward« | e only knew how to dye. Old, | esses could be made to look i By i g e H 1t 8 H and spreads. Next to the “tie and dye” lady was one who sounded the praises of the fire- less cooker and showed exactly how to Bug Spray Demonstration. ‘Then came the man who urged the farmer to spray potato plants so as lfi, gell:oey the bugs w'l;lch devour them. there were sure-eriough potato bugs crawling on the leaves of the phnuu:l lively as crickets till the deadly spray was lied to them when they soon ceased to do their evil deeds. in- structor gave explicit directions con- cerning the best sprays to use and how to maks them. A note of warning was | uttered against scme whnich were in- | Jurious to human beings. to this demonstrator came the man who showed how to test milk, so as to see the amount of butter fat in the different grades. Everybody was pleased to learn that by the test exhibited the sins of the milkmen who water their product could be easily found out. The farmer was exhorted not to insist upon keepil:fi ‘tea cup cows,” which give such & small quantity of milk that they eat their heads off and do not pay for their board. A great deal of fun was poked at farmers who keep what the demonstra- tor called “sentimental” cows, which are allowed to cumber the ground, not be- cause they yleld a satisfactory supply of milk, but solely because of a maudlin :Q'n:mefnhllty Hl'hkfl}l prevents their er from sellin, em even though they are keeping hfin poor. The m:g injunction to farmers was “Whatever you do, don’t associate scrub cows.” A pig was injected with something which made him immune to cholera; a horse's teeth were treated; little ducks enjoyed themselves in a coop which kept their drinking water clean. All this was done on thexhfiorm in an in- credibly short time. After each demon- stration announcement was made that if anything had been done or said that was not thoroughly understood, the county agent would give the necessary information if requested to do so. This the kind of practicat work which Tuskegee has been doing for years. It was fitting that a part of an afternoon session should have been set aside dur- ing the celebration in which to exhibit it. It was literally a “panorama of the school’s industries,” as the official pro- gram called it. . Developing Musical Talent. Tuskegee -has been doing and is still doing much to develop the race's talent for music. There is a fine department of music, whose instructors hold degrees from the best conservatories in the land. A pupil may pursue a course of music for an incredibly small fee. It costs him only $9 a semester to get instruction on the plano twice a week for 25 minutes each lesson. Included in this tuition is permission to practice on a piano fur- nished by the school together with the music he needs for his k. Careful attention is given the choir, the orchestra and the band, so as to keep them up to 3. standard they have already at- “Unstinted praise was bestowed\ upon m;utlvnl of z(e‘md Irrlluncih'hich ‘:’u one een| us e celebra- fon. The head of then.muflc de;-n- rent is an alumnus of the Chicago Conservatory and is a composer of note, Tuskegee has always made a specialty of the N!mr‘mflwlh. Time was when and many colorea”peomle obimsics s ny col ol to them stren } But now that the; 3 nd fed | voe ruthless. Herr Bruening has a good many nega- tive virtues, all of which might explain failure — but they do not explain his ama: success. He is one of the least accomplished speakers of the Reichstag, and his halting voice, which often sinks to a nearly inaudible whisper, is a heavy strain on the temper of this tumultuous Parliament. His manner is reticent, and he is far from being a master in the statesman’s art of promising much and giving little. He has no_social backing worthy of the name. In the position he occuples, Bruening is a young man, only 46 —a circumstance which is no advantage in a lature well supplied with men older in years and in parliamentary experience. Germany's chancellor is a bachelor, resent unmarried state. fe Bruening is the relic of a past :’! & man untainted by the infections of the twentieth century. He lives like a recluse, averse to money, fame and love. ‘Takes Only Part of Pay. It is an open secret that he uses only small part of the salary he receives as head of the government. The rest goes remain in his In his private young | back to the state or to some charitable le is a fanatic for work, is not a_means of A itsel , to say nothing of faded dra- v, ds. an 1 tr Bruening's favorite tramping place. In a rustic attire he BY HENRY W. BUNN. HE following is & brief sum- mary of the most important news of the world for the seven days ending April 25, 1931: SPAIN.—Elections to a Constituent Cortes are to take place on June 21. Among the questions containing TNT to be faced by that body are: The relations between church and state; {the amount of autonomy to be con- ceded (under pressure, especially, from Catalonia and the Basque provinces) to the several d subdivisions (whether to be called provinces of states): re- form of the land-holding system (involv- ing, no doubt, cutting up the lati- fundia), and reorganization of the army. Presumably the proceedings will begin with confirmation of the fact that Spain is & republic. Should a monarchy be decided on, there's no guessing WAt might ensue. The constituent body will consist of one chamber numbering 570. The old Cortes contained 410 in the Lower House and 320 in the Upper. One wonders if the majority of the republican chiefs really desire a fed- eral rather than a unitary republic. But, whatever their real preference, eral idea. Catalonia has made it clear that she would not be included in an all-Spanish republic except as a mem- ber of a federal union, and a member with a very large measure of autonomy. Apparently the Madrid government has pledged itself in that sense. In view of such pledges (so I infer), the Catalan republic renamed itself “Catalan State of the Spanish Repub- lic” Of course, it will be up to the Constituent Assembly—whether federal or unitary. But that body could scarce endure the idea of an independent Catalonia. But there will be terrible dangers in federalism, considering that Spain has & temperamental bent for separatism famous back in Roman days. Certainly each of the other fed- eral states—Andalusia, Old Castile, Vi lencia, etc.—will demand as much tonomy as that accorded to Cataloni ‘What of the relations between church and state? Senor Maura, minister of the interior, announces that they will be separated, but that the business “will not be carried out with a high hend.” There will be no confiscation. ‘The S:vemmznt announces that a stern official investigation of the great Moroccan disaster and of government procedure from then to the republic will be made. - AT, oo . e is prominent. munists of that anclent cit; most inctious, compelling im| ton of martial law. The United Labor syndicate of Barcelona is also & cause of worry. Salvador de Madariaga, the distin- guished Spanish man of letters, (Journalist, publjcist, essayist, literary critic) has named by the provi- bassador to slonal government its Aml the United States. s government's chief wor- ‘The Com- have been and his greatest passion is said to be to | CHANCELLOR BRUENING, likes to lose himself in the enchanting forestland of Baden, where he replen- ishes, through contact with nature, the reservoirs of that immense energy which he is so recklessly squandering in his passionate devotion to work, ‘Writing to former comrades in arms is another pastime of the hard-working chancellor. While he never finds the time to permit himself to be lionized in soclety or to deliver those inaugural addresses of saengerbunde which are as much the routine of the German chan- cellor as handshaking is the routine of the President of the United States, he always has leisure to drnfi) into & rem- iniscent mood and write of the World War. Born in Muenster. ‘The fact that Bruening was born within sound of the bells of the Church of St. Lambert of Muenster, an old Hanseatic town, has left an imprint on his character. Muenster is a strong- hold of German Catholicism and Bruen- ing prides himself on being a devoted son of\his church. The monkish traits in his\character, sublimated into the enlightened mentality of a man with eyes for the needs of the twentieth to | century, have predestined him for the type of work he is doing. As a young man Dr. Bruening, the graduate of several universities, was at- tracted to that labor movement which sought to reconcile Catholicism with the tenets of the new industrial civilization. In his native Westphalia and in the adjoining factory centers of the Ruhr he was one of the more energetic organizers of the trade union movement they seem fairly committed to the fed- | moted, of the Catholic Zentrum party. Those few who kriew him vmphuk& for him ng letters to | total strangers, veterans in the army | GERMANY'S STRONG MAN. | a bright future. One day he would be- | come ‘a secretary of a trade union. He | might even receive a minor Prussian | order if he were not too insistent on the workers’ rights, and he might die as a “Herr Rat” of some sort, the pride and oracle of a neighborhood beer house! ‘When the war broke out Heinrich Bruenjng, then approaching the end of his twentles, was still alien to fame. He looked too much like a scholar to cut an important figure in a West- phalian regiment. But the ise of a career in the army tempted him, and he sought to counteract the disadvan- tage of his soft features by ferocious attempts to harden his face into a mar- tial mask more pleasant to the military eye. Impresses Self on Others. It did not take long before the quali- tles which in later years helped Bruen- | ing to the top of German political life | began to assert themselves and paved | his way to military success. It was with | reluctance that his superiors admitted | lL\‘Alt the young man with spectacles, | known for his knowledge of the in- tricacies of the service regulations, had an impressive amount of will power" which impoced itself on others. Bruening received the commission of a captain, which was no mean achieve- ment for a young man with spectacles and with a professional cut of features. In spite of his weak eyes, Bruening was placed in command of a machine gun detachment composed of sharp-shooters, in which role he did not particularly endear himself to the enemy soldiers whom & cruel fate threw in his way.| In those hectic days he had no oppor- | tunity to practice the virtues which a few years later gained for him the im- placable hatred of the German Nation- With the end of the war, the world which was Capt. Bruening’s had crum- bled to dust, and he saw with diflmly' the emergence of a new’world domi- nated by chaos and disaster. He was not slow, -however, to percelve that out of the chaos came & new message which urged him to place himself at the dis- posal of the ploneers of German democ- racy. Under the leadership of Mat- thias Erzberger, the Zentrum party be- came the stronghold of republican senti- ment, and Bruening found in this new sllegiance a for the future of germmy and for his religious convic- ons. In Parliament 6 Years. ‘The Zentrists sent Bruening to Par- liament about six years ago. His reer as a parliamentarian began piciously. When he mounted the speak- ers' tribune, which he did infrequently, the benches were not filled with Depu: dnm. His advice was not sought by newspapers and public in the great na- | tional emergencies which have made German history a record of adversities and triumphs since the war. Nor was he a darling ‘of the political salons, where whispers start reputations and where myths are minted into realities. Yet, in the obscurity of committee lone side of the case. rooms the fame of the young Zentrist|be afforded this Deputy commenced to The word spread that WAGNER MAKES REPLY TO VETO RESIDENT HOOVER'S veto of the unemployment service bill was the subject of a speech by Robert P. Wagner, Senator from New York, last night in the Na- tional Radio , arranged by The Washington Star and broadcast over a Nation-wide heek-up of the Columbia Broadcasting System. The text of the speech follows: One of President Hoover's last acts in connection with the legislation of the Congress which adjourned on the 4th of March was-his veto of a bill 1 had introduced in the United States Senate making provision for the es- tablishment of a Nation-wide system Shich was. given. widesbread puBheiry wl was given city through the the Prulx:n at- tempted u;‘{uamy his work of nulli- fying the will of an overwhelming ma- Jority of . A ever, the public was not persuaded. The volume of public criticism and protest has refused to subside. Co uently, three weeks ago tonight nfia very hour Mr. Doak, Secretary of Labor in President Hoover's cabinet, in a fur- ther attempt to mollify public resent- ment of the President’s act, delivered an address which he entitled “Reasons pparently, how- | al OF JOBS BILL: Labor Backs Job-Finding Office System, Author of Measure Declares in Radio Forum Address. form this nec work co-operatively for the simple reason that Job-finding is both a local and an interstate prob- lem. We do not want the Federal Gov- ernment to duplicate the work of the States. We do not want the Federal Government to compete with the States. Both of these undesirable F:llm are avoided in the bill by ving the ° perate the employment States free to of offices and imnosing upon the Federal Government th> duty of co-ordinating. the work of the States. In order to place this policy of co- tion and co-ordination upon a and per- | manent basis it was provided that the Federal Government would pay to each co-operating State an amount not in excess of what the State itself | priatsd for its local mflmmtm nndedmx;o&ble the service to be ren- em| and ol S 0 g o lar 08¢ W] ve ‘worked out throl perience in the have constructed and are the finest network of world has ever seen. By a plan for the employment certain for President Hoover's Veto of the Wag- | mak ner Employment Bill.” You have heard I am haj D) opportunity to was an expert on government finances. | that by his veto of this bill President Older clave an ment, for and they received fame and glory. Gradually Bruening’s fame spread and in 1920 he was the leader of the Zentrum party, in line for the chancel- lorship if the chan Hermann Muellez, should fall. Mueller did ties met him in secret con- Herr This was one of the most curious tugs- of-war, in which both sides tried yleld vi to the antagonist. chancellor sufficlent reason his best to fall, and Bruen- | nassed was a “blow to ing did his best to keep him in power. | to Th':'lfllm en in power had more than | fastly exerted all their energies to say good-by to|al Hoover hes failed every man and wom- pmged him for enlighten- |an who is out pounding the pavements ‘whi he received gratitude |in search of wggk. . e Replies to Hoover’s Charge. Mr. Hoover made a very serlous charge in his veto statement. He said cellor then in power, |that the employment service bill I had introduced and which Congress had It this imput: t!l.u‘:r w by al un- I would be unfair ‘3: the of men and women identified labor movement who stead- e hun bout the enactment of this power. He was a sick man and his|tion. The best way, it seems to me, of party, the necessity of making a ise the Socialists, were faced with | discovering whether the bill is a blow or & bl g to labor is to inquire of comprom! with their political conviction which |those who can authoritatively speak they were not ready to accept. Bruening shunned the no doubt, because of the ity of his which finds no happiness in the spotlight of world-wide publicity. Had to Bide His Time. In the Spring of last year the issue came to & head. The cabinet of Her- mann Mueller was involved in an un- employment crisis which would have necessif the of to_have Bruening try his hand. In those critical days many Germans hoped for & Teutonic Mussolinl. Bruen- | ¥ ing was not one, and as an unknown iantity he to bide his time. As ‘strong mai made in the image of the Italian dictator, he would have run the risk of messing things up beyond | Vote in favor relief, If he had betrayed his affection counirs. the Sociaie paiy. the farge: country, it , the of the Reichstag and the first in the whole of Germany would have declared war on him. If had contact with the radicals, he have chall the reactionary forces whicl found means to expel seat of the mi,]hty. Bruening followed the dictates of common sense, which looked extremely simple to the outsider, but simple to ‘would ‘would have in Germany’s stability by restraining the extremists from doing mischief while he was clip- | P> able insight into the | his accusa mentality of the average German, Herr (Continued on Fourth Page.) movement, has been appointed Spanish several decades she has made extraor- coast Ambassador to London. * x % ITALY.—On April 21 Rome celebrated her 2,648th birthday. If not actually, it is practically true that April 21, 753 B.C., Romulus plowed a furrow on the Palatine Hill to mark the boundary of the city to be, and, as Aristotle has convincingly shown, genuine poetry is truer than the best authenticated his- tory. It isn't what Alcibiades said or did on a given occasion, but what he should have sald or done conformably to the circumstances that constitutes the real truth of the matter. . Shakespeare's his- torical plays, by the same token, are far truer than Green or Gardiner. On the 21st, as usual on the city's birthdays since the Fascist march on Rome in 1922, there were dedications of works of public utility and a fresh batch of avanguardisti proceeded full- | fledged Fascists. Amcng the new works are streets, parks, gardens, schools, workmen's dwellings, etc.,-moreover, by extensive demolitions, the forums of Trajan, Augustus and Nerva recover no small part of their anclent splendor; at any rate, what is left can be seen. About 90,000 avanguardisti were pro- , ving réached the age of 18. K Kok RUMANIA.—After all, Nicholas Titu- lescu did not form his Rumanian “cabinet of experts.” Instead, Nicholas Jorga, one time King Carol’s tutor, has formed a cabinet descrived as “semi- dictatorial.” There are plenty of-signs indicating that Carol, that wise prince, is moving toward a sure enough dic- tatorship, though with a certain caution induced by the Spanish developments. It is rumored that Mme. Madga Lupescu is installed in the palace—the power behind the throne. " If this is true, it is a pleasant indication that the good old timer have not entirely passed. The lady is represented as blocking the plans of Titulescu, who is tender of Parliament and the constitu- tion. However, this is only rumor. * K ok SIAM.—On April 22 King Prajadhipok and Queen Rambhai Barni of Siam ar- rived at Ophir Hall in Westchester County, the country house of Mrs. Whitelaw Reid which is to be the home of their majesties during their stay in this country. Ophir is a little small for the purpcse—only a hundred rooms of so—but their majesties will make- shift. The estate is of 800 acres and is provided with golf links, swimming 00ls and the sundry additaments neces- sary to the average American's comfort. ‘The visit to our ccuntry is for the purpose of an eye operation to be per- formed gn his majesty early next month by a surgeon of the Presbyterian Hos- pital, New York. The King is quite at home in Eng- lish. Indeed, he was educated in Eng- and, with which country Siaga main- ins traditionally close ®es. His charming Queen is said to speak both English and French fluently, Slam is a remarkable example of en- lightened conservatism. Nominally the King is absolute; actually he’governs with ears solicitously ogzn to the ad- vice of & minostry of 10 and a legisla- tive council of 45, both of his lm)olnt- ment. Since and incl Chulalong "Kr:cm (died lllo).”l of very ;:; had sensible and ben'efl:a‘ it rulers. Over dinary progress politically, economically, in every way. The machinery of jus- tice, largely reconstructed on European models, evolves admirahly. The culture |and sale of opium are under tightening restricticn and control. The religion of ‘lhe majority is Buddhism with modifi- | cations from Brahminism and a multi- |tude of anclent autochthonous cults. The King is regarded as the grand de- fender of the Buddjpist faith. The tone of soclety is remfirkably democratic. Scme of the best features of the Chinese system at its glorious best have been adapted. Thus there is no such thing as caste, and low birth is no impassable bar to the attainment of the highest dignity. There are no hereditary titles outside royalty, those existing being for life only and by way cf appanage of office. There is no slavery any more. Siam has an erea of about 200,000 4 square miles (New York State about 50,000), and+a population in the neigh- borhood cg about 10,000,000, Bangkok boasting & million. There is a magni- cent system of inland waterways, em- bracing rivers and canals. Few coun- tries s0 abound in big game. Elephants roam wild in large numbers, and the fauna include the tiger, leopard, water- buffalo, wild pig, crocodile, many species of monkeys (including the gibbon), and the flying fox. ‘The Slamese are indeed an artistic people, as evidenced in architecture, goldsmiths work, carving, dancing. Yes, music, too; though the absence of harmony makes their music sound & little queer to us. The Khmer remains are among the architectural marvels of the world. I spoke of the progress of recent years, features whereof are: Increasing development of a natural and partly com) ry educational system; a uni- versity with four faculties; a large and enthusiastic Boy Scout organization, under the name of the Wild Tiger Corps; athletics (out of England book, foot ball being quite the rage); a state railway system functioning efficiently and at a profit; progress in road con- struction against very great difficulties of terrain. A native journalism and press not lacking in boldness; hospitals, clinics, sanitary regulations and con- structions; a good postal system; wire- less installations; an aviation service of quite amazing quality, and, far the most important, extension and improvement of irrigation. £ ‘The Siamese people are predominantly tivators, rice being their main article of culture apd export. Thanks to ex- port of rice’and teakwood, the balance of forelgn trade is favorable. ' There is little rice to equal that of Siam’ and Siam leads the world in export of teak. Finance and the budget are in good trim; an upstanding country. | _ Since, according to all accounts, the | Siamese people rejoice in their majesties, we are henored in receiving them. e HONDURAS—More trouble in Latin America, this time in Honduras, where- fore three of our cruisers ordered to the Caribbean coast of that republic to protect American lives and property. From Guantanamo the cruiser Trsnmn mm Trujillo and the cruiser le- to Puerto Cortes, while the cruiser Memphis _steams north from Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua, for La Ceiba. The United Fruit Co. has steamers on the e agricultural. They are intelligent cul- mi e %rndbe to replace the Memphis. Apparently the usual sort of Central American revolution; sufficiently foggy. Some warrior in eclipse wants to be President. My information shows that | it have the last Honduran revolution—a very bloody and nasty one, wherein we in- tervened—was in 1924, being the thirty- %ammmu Herr | for the wi 7t | erhood of sought | in one ition of the the -earner. The first wit- summon is Mr. Willlam ordeal, rtly, | ness I ghall mkhhp.q\u{- Green, president of the American Fed- eration of Labor. No one can suspect him of furthering any cause except it Eul:r the benfl :l’l] ;):e ‘workingman. e oppose The very con- trary is the fact. He was one of the most zealous advocates of the Islation. Twice he the employment service which pro 3 testified that the bill was not a blow, but & blessing, the of tates. Mr. Whitney, Rail the members of president of the Broth- road Tra of 3:9 er!n one believe that it was his blow prompt enactment of that he ds of workers for whom he him from the|SPoke? The American Association for Labor Legislation fought an unremit- flnlfllh""o th ble to summon a single e ranks ;\krmllbor to give sanction All Ciasses Backed Bill. ‘The spokesmen of labor alone in support of the empl . They were joined by busi- ness men and bankers throughout the Nation; by economists, by churchmen, by all who have given time and ef- fort to the study of the lem and have ice learned of the bit- ter need in this country of an ade- gldle service to help men and women ‘The commissioners of State emflcy- the pid promot e y and welfare of the entire American people would won the indorsement and ap- proval of economists like Prof. Tausi| 4 Prof. Pisher of Yale, Prof. isconsin, Prof. Douglas Wi fifth revolutionary disturbance, great or | of Swarthmore, Prof. of Co- small, since 1919. According to our Commerce, direct American ent of invest- ments in Honduras total something over | ad' $71,000,000, the largest American inter- est being that of the United Pruit Co. mostly concerning bananas. Banan: gro&x;:fio"ge 1s the leb‘edln“;‘ m'.:.lc:nnl1 in- ustry, groves mostly_along the north or Caribbean coast. Besides bananas in chief, Honduras exports co?ée, cabinet woods, dye, woods and cattle. American direct investments in Hon- duras exceed those in any oth!f%::.:ul American country, those in Gu: la being a close second, with about $70,- 000,000; then Salvador with $29,500,000, Costa Rica with $22,000,000 and Nic- aragua with $13,000,000. Honduras has an area of about 46,000 square miles (New York State, 49,000), and in 1926 its population was about 7,000,000. According to the latest indications, the Honduran government is dealing mmuuy wflhwf.hlh':“uluon. A dlll- pat rom our Minister at Tegucigalpa describes the insurrectors as consisting mostly of “unemployed Communists and riff-raff of Northern Honduras,” 50 that the outbreak may not be one of the old type, but rather a manifestation of labor unrest. It is pleasant to learn that foreigners have not been attacked. ok ok x UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.— The Farm Board has decided to di in the European markets of the wheat surplus acquired by it. It is estimated that on July 1 the total of the latter will be about 270,000,000 bushels. The board seems to think that it can a complish "this operation without de- ressing domestic wheat prices. The has made its purchases at an av- erage price of 92 cents a bushel. Th probability is seen that, in the present conditions of the Eur ma; must sell it at something like half that rice. But the board 't én‘wpose (:ubl':l’- 80 we are told, and so it us! * k% x government resigned. mier Malinoff has been invited to form a coalition government. Bulga like most of the rest of the world, doleful dumps. rket, it |° . Seager lumbia? Would churchmen like Father John A. Ryan and Rev. 8. Parkes Cad- man have lent it the strength of their vocacy unless they were convinced that the bill would promote the well- being of the American people? Would business men like Mr. Filene of Bos- ton and Mr. Lewisohn of New York and hundreds of others have suj bill if they were not sal was soundly conceived and | accomplish its beneficial purpose? In’ fact, it is commop knowledge that the members of Mr. Hoover's own emer- gency rcommission, headed Col. ‘Woods. indorsed the bill and urged the President to sign it. There is not an authority on the subject upon whom ‘Mr. Hoover can lean to sustain his veto. Charges Doak Shifted. Only one more witness I shall call, and that the Secretary of Labor him- self. I cannot forget and the publie, in passing upon this issue, will not for- get that Mr. Doak himself as repre. sentative of the Brotherhood of Rail- road Trainmen, privately and publicly advocated the passage of the employ- ment service bill. He red before a Senate committee which held hear- ings upon the bill and never uttered word of disapproval. His opposition b-gan only after he became a member of Mr. Hoover's cabinet. When _Congress reconvenes in De. cember I shall reintroduce the bill. shall do 56 because I am convinced that this country cannot discharge its full responsibility to the employers and em- ployes of the United States without making provision for an adequate, Nt tion-wide employment service which will quickly, efficiently and fairly bring men and jobs ther. It will take the full force of an intelligent, active | should be e public opinion to pass the bill over the President’s opposition and it is for that reason that I enter into a discussion of some of its details. Py to state | I sprout wings. | the other side, because, as I have said Herr Bruening | once before, it is my sincere conviction the ed that it | better ed to between the States through the agency of the Federal Government. to bring legisla- | kept im) i i & } i} i I g&g;; zg § R i g g g, 3 i g | i 858 8 gzégi dered to veterans in’co-operation the Veterans’ Bureau. Answers Doak Criticism. Mr. Doak has stated it as one rea- not have an inf . What answer can I make to that eriti- one short sentence The Aassist . Doak has made the comment that the underlying idea of the bill g not new. I hove never made s claim of novelty for the bill. I have committee feels that in any permanent system the State should be the oper- ert.hnnMr;.Hn?vermmnumc <. man. That conference reported: “Your edly declared that it %'o ; the recommendations of the t's conference of 1921, of which none oth- .” That is pre- ciselv the principle upon which this bill s drafted: Operation by the States: encouragement and co-ordination the Fed t. The problem of finding work for idle | committee of men and fine men for idle jobs per- sists alike in es of prosperity and depression. The cruel routine of knock- every finding a job. recognized that to create a channel for the | the free flow of labor from the place of plentv to the place of need is a prop- Friction between Poland and the free | er function of government. city of Danzig ever increases. The election campaign in t ceeds with uproar and.bloodl;‘y MRE On April 22 the total of foreign dead | that func Shall in Nicaragua as the result of recent | ernmen! m’c’ ent un Based on Co-operation. How is the Government to disc! the State Shall the ittee tha assistance extended , by Government to the fates in matter employment offices d be upon a statutory, orderly and nent basis. That is exactly bill provides. bandit operations was eight American | eral American civillans, one Marine officer, four British subjects, one Guatemalan, one Col and one German mis-