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" EXCESSIVE USE OF FUNDS TO WIN OFFICE HIT BY NYE Practice, He Tells Radio Forum Audience. The full text of Senator Gerald P. Nve's address last night on “Abuses in | Campaign Expenditures,” in the Na-| tional Radio Forum, arranged.by The | Star and broadcast over a Nation-wide | hook-up of the Columbia Broadcasting | s System, follows: | « Money is found to be freely spent in efforts to elect to public office the kind of men who will support the wishes of its givers. Political party coffers are replenished because the givers have come to know that it is advantageous 0 be able to appear as a contributor to the election of officials who are to guide the affairs of Government. Indeed, such an ability to show contributi-ns made to | the cause of elected officials has been proven so advantageous in many in- | stances that men with great financial interests are known to have contributed | to opposing candidates and opposing parties in the same campalgn so that no matter who won the records of cam- | E:(gn treasurers would show them to ve helped win the victory. To such people it has not mattered which party won - There are various influences at work + these days which threaten our repre- sentative form of government, but upon me there has grown a most determined conviction that the most dangerous of these influences is that of money in the conduct of political campaigns. To my | mind such use as is being made of | money' and the hugeness of contribu- | tions ‘and spendings to win election to high public office afforas the greatest | and most pressing issue threatening our | Government and challenging our people | today. | Money Properly Used. | There are proper uses for money in litical campaigns. Indeed, reasona- | le sums are quite essential when | issues are to be carried to the people. It is the money which does not enter into a proper and necessary use against which I argue. The question as to what constitutes a proper and neces- | sary use of money may invite a wide | range of decisions. The custom in some States of distributing funds to workers and watchers at the polls, even | though the total may reach a half | million or more dollars, has to some | minds_dictated necessary a continua- | tion of that practice. People in these | States have come to feel that money | paid in hand is the reward for in- | terest in_politics at camppign time. | The result is that there §re many | ple who become interested in poli- E: and vote only after they have been | paid for doing so. Whereas, if such tices were forbidden by law, if ere were to be no paid workers or watchers, all candidates would be on s same footing and the only losers would be thos> who have fooled candi- dates and pa.ty leaders into believing they were performing a real service that could not and would not be performed without money. It is my belief that. in States like Pennsylvania, where large l:umpligni expenditures have been so long con- | sidered a great necessity, not more than a very small per cent of the total expenditure ever enters into edu- cational or essential campaign work. Easy money for some individuals is thus afforded. This easy money bullds political machines which insure re- turns for those interests which con- tribute to the machine coffers. It is not used to acquaint voters with issues and make them intelligent in the use of the ballot. Instead, it is more often used to deceive and in- | timidate the voter. { | Worst Effect of Spending. The worst. influence of ‘huge ex- penditures in political campaigns is.| that which the spending has upon the | candidate who is without the backing of great wealth. Such a candidate can be quite easily smothered in a campaign. He cannot make the same | showing through advertising that his opponents may be making and people sre quick to count him out of the Tace because he cannot compete with his opponents more fortunate in_ the | matter of financial backing. I have | mind a glaring example of this thought, an example growing out of the primary campaign for United States Senator in one State this past In this particular campaign there were three candidates of standing in the &rlmnry- During the early progress of the campaign all were considered real contenders, but as the cam progressed one of the candidates RESORTS. ign | ound | Forag himself being hopelessly counted out. THe public saw the advertising and energy being devoted by agents in be- half of the two candidates and im- mediately concluded, “Why, this third man hasn't a chance. He is mot able to compete with these other two can- didates; I don't want to vote for a losing candidate; it is for me to choose between the two.” facts were that this third candidate had resort to only a matter of $4,000 or $5,000 to use in the conduct of his campaign, while the other two candidates were spending much in excess of this. one having spent well in excess of $300,000. 80, here we have the case then of & man defeated before a ballot was dropped in the box, deefated because in the public mind he couldn't hope to compete in the matter of expenditures of money: a very clear example of how near we are to that day when it must be concluded that a man without means is a plain waster to entertain even the ambition to represent the people of his State in the United States Senate. Does this rot in itself clearly depict the vie- {n‘us, influence of money in our political ife? Big Funds Discouraged. ‘The Senate by resolution in 1922 voted its positive displeasure with large cam- paign expenditures and put its foot down against them. When it was re- vealed that Newberry of Michigan had expenced approximately $195,000 in the conduct of his campaign to win election to the Senate there was indignation. On the strength of his expenditures his Tight to a seat in the Senate was chal- lenged. His seat was saved to him only after the Senate had in effect given notice to candidates of the future that the Senate would deny seats to those making expenditures like that made by Newberry. In its resolution, to which I have referred, the Senate said that $195,000 was “too large, much larger than ought to have been expended.” And then the resolution went on with this language, “the exp<ndituge of such ex- cessive sums in behalf of a candidate, either with or without his knowledge and consent being contrary to sound public policy, harmful to the honor and dignity of the Senate and dangerous to the perpetuity of free government, such excessive expenditures are hereby severly condemned and disapproved.” “Dangerous to the perpetuity of free government,” said the Senate in 1922 of expenditures of $195,000. It is danger- ous to the future of a free government to permit such sums of money to be used in electing men to places where they are expected to represent the interests of all the people. The Senate has in the years since tlat action denied seats in the Senate to men who have expended excessive sums of money. Smith of Tllinois was denied a seat in the Scnate fhot 2lone because of the source of money expended in iis behalf, but because of | the size of his expenditure. Refused Seat to Vare, The Senate denied a seat to Vare of Pennsylvania, who in 1926 expended somewhere in the neighborhood of $700,- 000 in the conduct of his campaign. In furtherance of its desire to check huge expenditures in winning election to the Senate, the Senate itself last Spring authorized the appointment of a com- mittee to investigate into the conduct of senatorial campaigns and to ascertain the amounts expended b; ind for can- " RESORTS. ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. MariboroughBlenfcim " The House with the Home Atmosphere™ Both American and European Plans Most beautiful location in Adantic City, facing ocean and Park Atlantic City*s Fall and Winter Season nues until February let SPECIAL LOW RATE TO COVER GOST OF OPERATION ONLY Golf, Horseback Riding, Roller Chairs, Piers, Theatres, Movies and countless other amusements. Ownership Management JOSIAH WHITE & SONS CO. $30. up weekly NEW, FIREPROOF Just Off Boardwalk FREE GARAGE R. B. LUDY. M.D. RESOR’ Daily with meals > 4UD Under the direction f of FRED STERRY President The Plaza, New York WILL P. TAYLOR Manager The Plaza and The Savoy- Plaza of New York have set theirduplicateon the Malecon insuper-fashionable Havana a stone’s throw from the center of gaiety,yet beyond the tumult of a great city. Direct wire brokerage service brings Wall Street into the hotel. Reservations may be made at The Plaza and The Savoy- Plaza, New York, The Copley Plaza, Boston. a Glorious Uacation SENATOR GERALD P. NYE. | didates. I doubt whether more un- Iplenslnt work has ever been delegated to a committee of Senators than that delegated to this committee. It has been made difficult work by reason of the fact that a large element of the| press of the country has seen fit to| direct its shafts of criticism against the | committee rather than aginst those re- sponsible for the corruption which the committee sought to expose. The work has been distasteful to every member | of it, but knowledge of the frightful in- | fluence which money played in election | campaigns convinced all of the need for the work which was asked done. In | the pursuance of its duty the commit- | tee has been afforded a rather liberal | education on the Influence which money | does have. Following these investiga- | tions one outstanding conclusion of | mine has been that corruption at the polls or in the conduct of campaigns was found generally only in States whers huge expenditures were being made. In other words, before there is RESORTS. FLORIDA. R, WHETERAT FRTA Vi i AR e\l corruption in the conduct of an election it appears essential that there be large sums of money available. Large sums are raised ostensibly for the purpose of paying Workers and ‘watchers in behl?(‘ of candidates on election day. Why do they need these watchers? I ‘think there can be only one answer, namely, because there is fear that the availability of money influence men serving upon elec- tion boards and cause them to fail to conduct the election in keeping with law and decency. So, they spend money because others are spending money, and 80 it goes on and on and on, and with its continuation grows conviction that large expenditures are necessary. In short, people have been educated to feel such expenditures necessary and proper. Helps Partisan Machines. ‘While large expenditures often go for use in the actual conduct of a cam- paign, for the most part the money is expended to maintain partisan ma- chines which seek to exercise a control over the affalrs of government, and these machines are kept oiled through the availability of campaign money. ‘The really hurtful influence of money used in campaigns is that of strength- ening these sclfish machines which create bosses and corruption and strike at the heart of free and responsive gov- ernment. There have been observed in the study of the conduct of campaigns this year practices which many thought had long ago been relegated to the scrap heap, practices which ought to shame any bellever in or defender of & | free government. Let me but recite the situation found in & few States, dealing with Republi- can and Democratic campaigns alike. I have in mind one so-called primary election in which candidates went out and campaigned for the election of delegates to a State convention, with & result_quite assuring to one candidate that he had Won an easy majority of the delegates. Then, a few days later, the State convention was held, a secret ballot was cast and the result of that balloting revealed the nomination of the man who was thought to have been defeated in the primary. Here, then, was an antiquated system which per: mitted delegates, instructed by those they were presumed to be representing, to go into a convention and cast & vote contrary to their instructions. It was afterward revealed that there had been expended in behalf of the candidate RESORTS. _FLORIDA. ] LU TPy LLRLIT BT (R LR LLLN RITINTY Two Famous Hotels Under New Ownership-Direction THE CLARENDON tign: Completely modernized course two blocks | ESTORED to its former ? grandeur and i < throughout. Excellent 18-hole golf Now open, Amer Luke Glennon, Manager ____ MIAML, FLA. F __JACKSONVILLE, FLA. on Renowned Ormond-Daytona Beach THE COQUINA WO Hundred feet from finest 18-hole golf course in Florida. Di rectly on the famous beach and the Ocean Shore Boule- vard.Delicious American plan table. Moderate charges. Boernstein' beantiful music. Opened Jan. 1. Paul Moldenhauer, Manager BARLY SEASON RATES + + « AMERICAN PLAN HARRINGTON MILLS « + OWNER AND OPERATOR MIAMI, FLA. MIAMI The “Good Time” Season Is Onl EELING the gri sailfish gobbles your hook and takes it for a three-hundred-yard dash thunder of hoofs the homestretch . . watching a golf ball's arching shudder of the rod, as a . thrilling to the thoroughbreds gallop down flight toward warm blue skies . fox-trotting under tropic stars ... drifting in a gondola on a moon- lvered lake these and a hun- red - other diversions await you NOW Miami. Thousands of people are enjoying them. Why not you? It costs no more than staying at home, hugging a radia- tor and fighting off colds. A vaca- tion in Miami will pep you up for the rest of the year . . . build you in health . put some fun back into you. Never béefore has Miami ich a feast before you . uch little cost. Look up train or boat schedules NOW. Or mmunicate, Department of Puh- __JACKSONVILLE, FLA. ACKSONVILLE PIVOTAL ultimately nominated in_ that emven-]urunn machinery. Is it any wonder tion something like $3 for h:"r, vote | that decent people in communities known to have been cast in the pri- mary. It was revealed also that the expenses of some delegates to the State convention had been paid b“flmdl of this particular candidate. y such & system should be honored by bel called a primary election and how can be e that the voice of the le will be reflected and respected under such a system is M&V‘m much for me to comprehend. interests of our Government require relief from such ancient and fensi- ble conduct in winning nomination and election to office. Loose Conduct of Primaries. In another State the conduct of pri- mary elections is found to be so loose as to fail even to preserve the ballots cast more than a few hours after the g e e readily | to mind T recall how one man upon the witness stand declared himself to be Committee, with the power to name officials to conduct the primary in the various precincts, and admitted that be instructed said election officials to waive certain requirements of the laws of the State in the election about to {be held. In other words, party bosses feel at perfect ease to flagrantly destroy such law as has been provided to in- sure clean elections. In thi§ same State appeared another witness declaring himself to have been the head of the Election Board conducting the primary in the precinct. The man admitted that when it came time to close the polls he carried the ballot box and bal- lotsto a point where party bosses were receiving the returns, and the vote of this precinct was counted there, mnot at the place or by the authorized offi- cials under the law. Then again we have heard witnesses testify to truckloads of men being |to repeat their vote, and when our | committee sought the poll books to check such illegal action found these records | book showed & man dead for nearly two years having voted (absent voter's baliot, perhaps). Padded poll lists and padded registration lists are not an un- common thing in States where large sums of money are aveilable for the __DAYTONA BEACH, FLA. | ing s l'{ ord l\l!g {gf“. v oo e, 69 2" athing. Sements for 8l fie-fiuflf Mrmu’:‘:— 3 Stop at HOTEL ‘ABR] . on ;. official A. A A ?0"‘, Rei s "B le b Nirfle 101 Yeseron- N._L..Horner, Proprietor. | Tark's North ruise, June 2, algarie, $550 up— July 4, Italy, Norway. Parli . 3 Laurentic. 19,000 ton White € Line, e 14 s St. N.W. C. Clarl York City __STEAMSHIPS. o) MEDITERRANEAN PALESTINE EGYPT Greatest Program In History of this famous Cruising Steamer ROTTERDAM Leaves New York Feb. 5, 1931 ‘wnder Holland-America Line's o gt 71 days of delight A trip to the **Eternal City,” Rome, witheut extra charge AMERICAN EXPRESS CO.in charge of shore excursions The Rotterdam was recently entirely modernized. You will find her a model of modern comfort. Swimming pool, gymnasium and ‘many spacious publicsalons. Excel- lently ventilated and spotlessly clean. Service and cuisine are the| last word in perfection. Enjoyable and jolly entertainment. For choice sscommodations make 124 State Street, New York, * OrLocel Agents IN WEEKLY Washington, the chairman of his County Party| transported from precinct to precinct | destroyed. One salvaged poll | | conduct of elections and the ofling of | H, FLA DONT MIS8 IT. | inter's vacaion mos interest. Daytons Beach, ' “WORLD'A such practices prevail decline to about voting? Yet it is sadden- to observe people resigning them- to such a situation rather than 1t and correcting it. h Use-of Unfair Tactics. gy et o are n U thelr activities is perhaps best :.:ell campaign waged in another our Union last year. In this money was avallable to make it difi- cult for the voters of the Btate to honestly express themsel at the S8 Gandidates with e bares againg names t candidates whom the so-called were endeavoring to eliminate. Power companies in the same campaign were initiating measures worded in such a manner as to make it difficult to dis- tinguish them from other measures which had been introduced, all to the end that the voter could not freely and honestly express himself upon is- |sues which were presented for election. Here you found men making contribu- tions in the names of others rather than to permit the records to show that they were parties to the efforts being made to destroy and defeat men who had not gleugd them by their records; men high in public life contributing large sums, but canceling themselves as the actual contributors. In this same campaign was found a man in- trusted with the directorship of the af- fairs of a great national party entering propaganda into the campaign in such a manner as to conceal who was truly responsible for the viclous and unwar- ranted kind of literature distributed. All of these things—the deceit, the con- where bother By the lusurious liners CONTE GRANDE CONTE BIANCAMANO Special Winter Voyages De Luxe GIBRALTAR * ALGIERS * PALERMO NAPLES * VILLEFRANCHE * GENOA Jan. 23 Feb. 10 Feb. 27 Ooflonal shors axcursions at ol ports LLOYD SABAUDO Internatios Gen._Agts.. 5 FEBRUARY APIAMENTO! No, it's not ll something to eat —but a French, Spanish, Dutch hash they speak in Curacao. Queer island of yellow and rose houses, 12 foot high cacti, dig- nified natives. In Nassau, ride glass-bottomed boats. Visit Bermuda’s coral caves. Admire dusky belles of Martinique. Visit the Panama Canal and South America. 14 ports to see —29 days to enjoy—and the Duchess of Bedford to enter tain you royally. 9 years' past experience makes these cruises remarkable. Fares from $306. Apply local agent or iek e R Yo m N.W. Washingion, D. LARGEST LINER IVICK . . . NEW YORK- BERMUNA CCuchess Transatlantic size, speed, luzury. Round trip a8 low as 870! 12 days. .. all expenses .. . $118 and up. Oil-burner placement, 20,021 gross tons. Canadian Pacific “kniow-how.” From New York, every Saturday beginning Jan. 31. Docks at pler in Bermuda. Canadian Pacifie Inquire your travel agent or C. E. Phelps, 14th and New York Ave. NW., D. cC. 80,000 tons dis- National 0758. A Week: of Solid Comfort en route to | Inexpensive WINTER tours to SUNNY FLORIDA ST. AUGUSTINEF; including Savannah and Jacksonville 9 DAYS from Baltimore and return. 2 including hotel and sightseeing, only - 581 h > Other delightful fours at proportion-] ™\ lom fares. . Miaim crtive, S daye, i . East Goast, incluging Pabs. Beachs % Conat,icluding. St P s+ Silver Springs, in a ju ant foliage, and palme. . - Bok Singi Tower, amidst rare tropical plants an trees . . + tours to gay Havana r the sunny,’ . seas...on [arge new hip, with its charming social life .. with many bours for rest and relaxation. Sailings | 4 ‘ from_Baltimore to_Florida Tuesdays | et and Fridays. Service to Jacksonville, | 28] Miami, Savannah. Autos carried. ERUMNY Send for apecial tour folder describing each tour in detail. 1338 H 8¢t., N. 'ltl< MERCHANTS & MINERS TRANS. C WHEN WINTER (OMES WEST INDIES ... THE MID-WINTER CRUISE 18 days...Jan. 24 to Feb.11... $197.50 up. Caledonia toe Bermuda, Port-au- ce, Kingston, Colon, Havana and Nassau. THE CRUISE TO_NEW PORTS 18 d ..Feb. 14 to Mar. 4... $197.50 up. Caledonia to San Juan, Santo Domingo, Colon, Kingston, Port-au-Prince, and Havana. SPECIAL 9 DAY CRUISE Mar. 11 to 20... $140 up. Carma- nia to Nassau and Havana. The ship your hotel while in port. THE AURANIA CRUISE 15 days— $141 up From Boston Mar. 12 to Mar. 29 From N. Y. Mar. 13 to Mar. 28 rm ton, S. 8. Annni:s' iy Two other Cunard cruises of 12 days duration ...with from New York April 1 and A 16, from Boston on preeedimdlys. Rates from $111 up, with shore ex- cursions $126 up, according to steamer, HAVANA # Dance on the decks of 31,000 ton transatlantic liners, larger by thousands of tons than any other steamers in Havana service. Sailings every W and Saturdey .. January 17 to M 1., m...c--u Rates $90 up one way, $140 up round trip. Send for illustrated literature to your local agent or CUNARD 1504 K St. N.W., Washington, D. C. Phone District 1856 + The Universal Carrency EUROPE VIA ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY @ It’s the shortest, most direct route. One-third of the voyage on this 1000-mile salt arm of the Atlantic. 2 days at full steam-ahead between the | verdant majesty of its 2 coast-lines. . . only 3 to 4 days open ocean. Go on one of Canadian Pacific's 13 giantess liners. Every type accom- ‘modation offered at the new low 1931 rates. 3 EMPRESSES @ If you're luxuriously inclined, take one of the great white Empresses. They offer First Class with all of 1931's trans-Atlantic comfort and facilities. This year, the mammoth new 5-day giantess, Empress of Britain, 42,500 gross tons. With Empress of France and Empress of Austra- lia, she sails direct from Québec to Cherbourg and Southampton. 3 4 DUCHESSES ©® Regal 20,000-gross-ton sister liners. .. the famous Duchesses that raised Cabin-Class to Europe to a new high. Offering Tourist Third and Third Class, too. Duchess of Atholl, Duchess of Bedford, Duchess of Richmond, Duchess of York .. . a sailing €very week from Montreal to Belfast, Liverpool, Glasgow. Just 7 days across —a voyage short enough to meet the modern desire for speed, yetlong enough to afford real rest and pleasure—on the “Famous Four"— HAMBURG - - DEUTSCHLAND NEW YORK -+ - ALBERT BALLIN Comfort and enjoyment are greatly en- hanced by the ships’ remarkable steadi- ness and absence of vibration. Unique stabilizing devices reduce rolling to fivesixteenths of normal. Every Wednesday midnight one of these great steamers sails from New York for Cherbourg, Southamptonand Hamburg. Sailings alse by the luxurious liners RESOLUTE and RELIANCE; and a popular “Cabin” service to Ireland, France, Germany, by the MILWAUKEE, ST, LOUIS and CLEVELAND. HAMBURG-AMERICAN LINE 39 Broadway, New York Or Local Agents 6@ CABIN LINERS @ New hundreds and hundreds of Americans take these lower-cost favorites to Europe every year +++ with the same high standards in Canadian Pacific cuisine, service, comfort. “M” sailings from Montreal to Southampton, London, Havre, Antwerp, Hamburg, Belfast, Glasgow, Liverpool. OTHER STEAMSHIP SERVICES: ‘To the Orient: via Hawaii, or Speedway express. Winter Cruises: Round - the-World, Mediter- ranean, West Indies. From New York. Bermuda: from New York every Saturday. -expense conducted tours through Europe: Informatian and reservations from your own agent, or anadian Pacific _‘ World’s Greatest Travel System G.‘::ulm. 14th and New York Ave., N.W. W ashington, D. C. National 0758 Pacific Broadoasts. Sunday, 4:15 EST: The ume produced in Canada. NBC Network, POINT for PLEASURE JAUNTS IN Hotide ' ET your Florida adventure center % on Jacksonville. Make this largest and mbst friendly of Florids cities your vacation headquarters. From it you can conduct your campaign of vacati excursions comfortably and thriftily, "ACKSONV".\J s the nearent t0 you snd the least expensive oll- your outdoor playground-sypicsl of Plorids in sctivites and stonery. Ve cation here means less Woveling cont inithe Sun . ..... raach the excellent mumicinal sirpor i° o faw hours from sgwhere in the feast or mid-west. QLiving expenes, Hotel, apartment, bouding houre g sesturent cates compare favorably with the some charges in your home town. Jacksonville makes no extra charge for tropical clmete nd plessures. @You'll want 1o explore Jocksonville's colorful and historic places of imterent during your hrst week or so here. Then you'll find that thin city's commnding position st the hub of Florida’s road sysem mekes i the pivotsh point Forinunts to other part of the steke. 4Plon o come 1o Floride. dhis winter...and meke Jacksonville the base for your plessure operations. You'l enjey Jacksonville. ICA'S FINEST WINTER GOLF POLO, TEN HUNTING, RIDING Augusta offers every variety of sport and entertainment . . . the gracious hospitality of world- famous resort hotels, and the Come to Augusta . . . Reduced First Class Rates now in Effect In & few short hours you can be in a land of golden sunshine, trying your skill on three 18-hole America’s finest winter golf. Come and play in this sun-drenched out- of-doors. Relax tired nerves. Store up vitality and health for the stremucus year ahead. congenial companionship of America’s leading people. Write Augusta Chamber of Commerce. Augusta