Evening Star Newspaper, June 8, 1930, Page 28

rr}‘!’E‘ .E-\LEN'ING STAR WASHINGTON, D. C BUNDAY...covevess .June 8, 1 — e THEODORE W. NOYES....Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company 11 .L.’fllhl!- [ % e d hfgfl rsese, AT, f m&%;ég__.:izz'fi. 5"‘.5& "“' T e o 880 : e ther States and Canada. All Of Iy and Sundsy. 1 only .. only 1yri pul mo. 1yl 85000 1mol Member of the Assoclated Press. Associated Press s exclust to the use for republication of a! atches credited io it or not otherwise cred- nereia ALl siehis of bus icaton of Siehs Berels"ie’ £30 sasen ——— Confstence and Compromise. ‘The néw principle injected by Mr. Simmons and the House leaders into legislative procedure on the police and firemen’s pay bill is that differences of opinion and points of view, ostensibly to be reconciled around the conference table, must be settled in advance of the eanference and according to the poind 6f view of Mr. Simmons and the House leaders or not be settled at all. It B one thing to instruct conferees by vote not to yield. But it becomes an entirely new and high-handed pro- cedure when the alternatives are that the probable conferees must either agree not to yleld in conference or else the fate of the bill will be sealed in advance by not sending it to confer- ence, thus closing the only door through which it could emerge to be enacted. ‘This principle, in the first place, reduces to an absurdity the purpose of any conference at all. In the sec- ond place, it denies the House the opportunity of discussing and voting upon the merits of the issues presented. Finally it denotes a disrespect for the Senate that minimizes the importance of decisions by the Upper House and places it in the position of merely rib- Ber-stamping the views of a few mem- bers of the Lower House or killing the legislation involved. ‘The situation in which the pay bill S placed would be ridiculous but for the fact that so many faithful public servants are dependent upon the out- come. The bill was permitted to come Mr. Simmons or seeing the bill killed suffocation. The House passed the with the amendments. The Sen- having previously passed the bill, the House amendments and bill to conference. Ordinarily bill would have been sent to confer- ce by the House under unanimous but Mr. Simmons objected. It 80 to conference now unless committee will permit a lution to send it to conference to for & vote, or unless the op- the Simmons amendments % | an “affirmative answer. ot'to yleld to the Senate, in which case it will go to conference under unanimous consent. If the bill does not go to conference it will be lJost. ‘The disheartening part of the pro- ieedure is that the House leaders are bill's merits. But what about the police and firemen who sre dependent upon passage of this bill for deserved increases in pay?” What about the people of Washington who, through their spokesmen, have indorsed the bill as written? The police and fire- men are willing to leave the fate of the bill to-the votes of” those who govern . them. If Congress voted for or against the amendments there could be no justifiable complaint over the outcome. But everybody knows that the fate of the bill does not depend upon fair and open discussion and the ver- dict of the vote. The fate of the bill depends upon the decision of three or four men who have nothing at stake, wpolitically or otherwise. Stubborn committal to a set policy 1n advance, with presumptuous disregard for the views or the merits of the views of others, has characterized the House sttitude heretofore in connection with the annual District appropriation bill. Here there is no semblance of regard for the more deliberate and compromis- ing attitude of the Senate. The only item in the current appropriation bill upon which the House members have yielded has been the mosquito item, and yielding on a mosquito item is symbolic of their stand. The people of the Dis- trict are arbitrarily denied the fruits of intelligent discussion and Wwise compromise. If Mr. Simmons wins his fight on the pay bill measure or on the District of Columbia appropriation bill he will be entitled to the satisfaction and prestige enjoyed by the small boy whose acci- dental possession of & key enables him to lock the family in the cellar, releas- ing them on the promise of a stick of candy. —— A philanthropic gift by John D. Rockefeller of many millions for parks does not permit room for much fear that the threatened “oil war” will create much disturbance in established in- terests that have become identified with great public benefits. ———— i Pentecost. The Christian church today is 1900 years old. The Pentecost of 1930 seems of more thar ordinary eignificance because of e ovcasion it offers for consideration of the essential doctrines of Christian- ity in their relation to a new age. ‘The last centennial came when the condition of soclety throughout Chris- tendom was little different from what 1t had been when the church was es- tdblished. It was at the dawn of the industrial age. Living conditions were not essentially different from those in the Judea of the disciples. Soclety still was agricultural and patermalistic. Com- munities were isolated. ‘The great cities and repid trgnsportatn and ¢ tion systems of today lay 1% ahead on the horison. During the century that has elapsed since 1830 there has taken place, with 930/ incredible rapidity, a great mechanical and social revolution. Philosophies and traditions have crashed before it. The concepts in which the population of 1830 thought have become more and more unreal as experience has speeded away from them. It hardly could have been expected that there would be an automatic, per- fect adjustment of Christianity to this new age. Sclence has gone far in un- dermining the validity of some of the symbols with which its doctrines were stated. It has been subjected to flerce attacks, usually from persons with a superficial understanding of both science and Christianity. Has it emerged triumphant from the confusion of the transition? This is the question of the Pentecost of 1930. Any féir consideration can bring only It contained truths idependent of the concepts and symbols in which they were stated— truth which has brilliantly restated itself in terms of the new age. This 1900th anniversary of Pentecost finds the religion of the Sermon on the Mount with the worst difficulties which it met in this century of change sur- mounted. There are still major conflicts within the body of Christendom, but the most significant of them seem to cut across sectarian lines. They are conflicts be- tween the old age and the new over the validity of symbols—not over the truth of the essential doctrines which Chris- tianity brought into the world and has applied continuously since the begin- ning to the' vexing problems of living Man's fears, aspirations and yearnings have not changed since the first Pente- cost. The mystery of life and death have not changed. Only words and ob- jects have changed. Christianity is greater than words and objects. Respecting Confidences. President Hoover has properly denied the request of Senator Hiram Johnson for the confidential telegrams and let- ters of the American delegation to the London Naval Conference. To lay be- fore the Senate committee, probably for publication, the confidential ex- changes between the American dele- gates and the delegates of the other nations, which were made in confi- dence, would be a complete violation of confidence. It would necessarily impair the possibility of future successful ne- gotiations between the United States and other nations, as Secretary Stim- son points out in his letter to Senator Borah, chairman of the foreign rela- tions committee, replying to the request of Senator Johnson, who is leading the opposition to the London treaty in that committee. Secretary Stimson has cited a long list of precedents of refusal by the Chief Executive to furnish to the Senate and the House such confidential exchanges between this Government and the gov- ernments of foreign nations, when the publication of such exchanges was held not compatible with the public welfare. At the top of the list stands a refusal of the first President, George Washington, to transmit to the House the instruc- tlons which were given to the American Minister who negotiated the Jay treaty. President Washington's exact language in his letter refusing the request of the House is so pat to the present incident that it may well be quoted. He said: “The nature of foreign negotiations requires caution and their success must often depend on secrecy; and even when ht to a conclusion a full disclosure of all the measures, demands or eventual concessions which may have been pro- E:ed or contemplated would be ex- ely impolitic; for this might have a rnicious luence on future negotia- ons or produce immediate inconven- fences, perhaps danger and mischief, in relation to other powers.” ‘Whether Senator Johnson will under- take to set himself up against the judg- ment of George Washington as well as that of Herbert Hoover remains to be seen. It has been quite clear that the Senator from California has been on a “fishing expedition” seeking to find something in the files of the State De- partment which might raise resentment against the naval treaty either here or abroad. The treaty speaks for itself. There is no secret understanding which goes beyond the terms of the treaty. ‘When the treaty is ratified and becomes an international agreement, the inter- pretation of the language of the treaty itself will be the sole basis for the set- tlement of any disputes that may arise over it. Senator Johnson and the other enemies of the treaty, as well as the friends of the treaty, will have to de- termine whether the treaty itself is of advantage or disadvantage to the United States. As Secretary Stimson has pointed out, in negotiations such as those con- ducted in London at the Naval Con- ference, delegates speak to delegates quite frankly and quite confidentially. Their conversations, conducted confl- dentially, are supposed to remain con- fidential. To grant the request of Senator Johnson and expose to the public and the world generally the statements made in confidence would be like changing the rules of a game when it has been played out. If all con- versations were to be made public, then it should have been so stated be- fore the conference was undertaken. If the confidences of delegates of for- eign natlons, regarding their difficul- ties with other foreign nations, made to American delegates, should be made public, for example, it would be con- sidered a gross violation of the con- fidence of these delegates. The State Department has fur- nished to Senator Borah a confidential memorandum which covers many of the points in the demand for further information made by Senator Johnson. Beyond that the department and the President are not prepared to go. B ‘Tong disturbances lead a number of police officials to suspect that a Chinese war is more serlous in New York than in China. Dawes Hits the Climbers. “Charley” Dawes has exploded again. This time England is the scene of the eruption, and social climbers the spark that ignited his ebullitions. Addressing & dinner given in his honor by the masters and fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, last night, the American Ambassador laid about him, in the best Dawesian fashion, with respect to “pur- veyors of the trivial and the irritating in international relationship.” The Ppipe-smoking diplomsat left no doubt as PHE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, “They brought no credentials. The credentials which each carried were but the photograph of a son and a few withered flowers from a garden at home, to lay on a grave in France. They were not & body of self-invited travelers, with their minds occupled by thoughts of society reporters or fashionable dressmakers. They brought no social introductions, They repre- sented the heart and soul, the bone and sinew of the American people.” What our Hell-and-Maria envoy at the Court of St. James' mainly was hitting at, of course, is the penchant of American mothers and their daugh- ters to curtsey before European royalty. Democratic, with a small “d,” as the children of Uncle Sam overwhelmingly are, we yet have an ungovernable weak- ness. it appears, to brush shoulders with the purple. The lives of United States Ministers and Ambassadors at royal courts in Europe are made mis- erable annually by the hordes of aspir- ing fellow citizens of both sexes anxious to bow before or shake hands with crowned heads. Gen. Dawes has been at London only wo years, but he is already “fed up” with the court presentation business. As 1s his invincible habit, he lets off steam when the saturation point is reached. Evidently his most recent or- deal in connection with the season’s drawing rooms and levees at Bucking- ham Palace has moved his rebellious spirit-to speak right out in “meetin”” oo Dr. Wallace Radoliffe. Among many lovable traits of char- acter, two of them especially endeared Dr. Wallace Radcliffe to the thousands who knew him. His strong convictions and his fearless and outspoken advocacy of the things he believed in were coupled with an unusually keen intellect, bur- nished by a scholarly attainment that set him beyond and apart from the crowd. A commanding figure in the church to which he devoted a fruitful life, he became as well an outstanding man in the community he served for 80 many years. In the nearly three decades of his active pastorate of the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church and in the years since his retirement, his leadership was established and always valued, so that now his loss is confined neither to his church nor to the wide circle that enjoyed his intimate friendship, The sympathy of the com- munity goes out to the widow, whose devoted service in her husband's work was inseparably linked with his life, ——o—t With an airfield favored as a landing point for Mr. and Mrs. Charles Lind- bergh, Newark, N. J., has assumed municipal distinction on its own ac- count and broken away from its old rating as a suburb of New York. +on— i Demand for preliminary details of treaty negotiation leaves the United States Senate in a position which ap- pears the natural result of long disre- gard of the executive session idea. —— e Objection is made to airplanes that fly over the Vatican. The dignity of the situation prevents the method of the plain farmer who threatens to go after air trespassers with a shotgun. ST T Social climbers attract attention, but on looking over the English court rec- ords, Ambassador Dawes may be re- lieved to note that few- of them ap- pear to get anywhere in particular. ——at—. Successful journeys now place the dirigible among the new.forces. The next problem involves not engineering ability, but executive ability to show how to manage them. B The good old Prohibition party is still extant. It is now regarded in regular politics as only a mildly influential bloc. - P It becomes apparent that Al Capone, however great his pecuniary prosperity, will never get into high soclety. ———te— SHOOTING STAB?. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Request for Remittance. ‘We were s0 happy for a while. And life was all & radiant smile. Too soon the smile relaxes. When not a thing seems going wrong, Somebody always comes along And talks about the taxes. We dreamed of castles everywhere ‘Where all as tenants might repair. The Fates kept grinding axes, And bade some heartless elf draw nigh To make us sound the same old sigh And talk about the taxes. Standing Together. “How do you stand with the farmers out your way?” “Fine,” answered Senator Sorghum. “We have established a fellow feeling. They begin to understand that I need thelr” relief in my politics as much as they need mine in their agriculture.” Jud Tunkins says the prodigal son probably got by with the family by tell- ing fascinating yarns about the night clubs he had known. Immensely Populated Ocean. My gaze the ocean chanced to meet. The sight was grand, indeed. And if a census were complete, ‘The fish would take the lead. Eternal Feminine. “How are you going to vote?” “As my best judgment dictates,” an- swered Miss Cayenne. “Will you vote for a woman?” “Yes. Every woman feels like voting for another woman in an election, but never in a besuty contest.” “No philosopher,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “has been great enough to share on equal terms the homage given to the tax collector.” Ode to Government. My income tax again is due. My faithful love will never quit. 1 always say, “Hooray for you!” Although you answer, “Please remit.” “Fame is peculiar,” sald Uncle Eben. “Everybody kin tell you de name of de hoss dat won de big but de owner dat put up de money s forgotten,” D. C, 9UNE 8 “THE GREAT PARENTHESIS” BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, Bishop of Washington. Text: “If it were not so I would have told you.”—St. John, ziv.2. “When Geod wants to carry & point with His children He plants His argu- ments in man's instincts.” This was Emerson’s answer to the query, “If a man die, shall he live again?” M neau puts it in another wa: not believe in immortality because we can prove it, but we try to prove it be< cause we cannot help believing it.” On the last e that the Master foregathered with His disciples, imme- diately preceding the day of His cruci- fixion, He talked with them in a more intimate way concerning vital questions that He had hitherto not discussed. He took the opportunity of summing up many of His teachings and sought to answer queries that had hitherto gone unrecognized. In only a few instances did He speak of the great question con- cerning man's immortality. He stressed the ignportance of man’s so living here that e might fit himself for an endless existence, There is probably no single word that came from His lips that has been more universally studied and loved than that which is contained in the fourteenth chapter of St. John's Gospel. It is safe to say that this chapter con- stitutes in itself more of comfort and assurance than any word He uttered. It is full of tender solicitude and it touches vitally the it and aspirations of the human heart. Realizing that He was about to be part- ed from His disciples, He sought to bring to them a message that would be their stay and assurance. Bewildered and amazed by His declaration that He was to go from them, they yearned to know something of the future that was veiled to their vision. Most of His dis- ciples doubtless ‘elt that the end of His career was illogical and that the great purpose of His ministry was ending in tragic failure. It was to a body of men thus confused and distracted that He spoke the tender words, “Ye believe in God, believe also in Me,” “In My Fa- ther’s house are many abodes.” Then follows what has been called the great thesis, “If it were not so, I would ve told you.” There is something deeply intimate in this statement, He would seem to say: “Of course, you must have no doubts concerning the tuture: I am to prepare a place for you, and if I go to prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive you unto myself. You have wondered concerning the future life; you have felt uncertain as to what lies beyond the grave. “While I have said little to you con- cerning this vital matter, you must have realized that it was all embodied in ‘what I have hitherto said, If it were not so, I weuld have told you.” There are some. things that are so obvious that they do not have to be spoken. As & matter of fact, some of the finest and deepest ‘of our emotions refuse to ar- ticulate themselves. ‘We are frequently incapable of giving expression to that which lies nearest to the heart. We readily assume that those we love know without our telling them of the depth of our affection and our desires con- [wil cerning them. The silences of Jesus are as significant and revealing as many of His utterances. The implica- tions of His urses have a profound significance. His whole ministry was an attempt to teach not only the art of living, but its logical design and pur- . His theme was life, life in its . He tried to show always that life was d ed for higher that its fullfiliment was more than tl attainment of mere desire, the {nun- cation of ambition or the acquisition of that perish. His whole teaching that life must go on to a higher existence. While He does not te terms the nature of the new life, He urges with insistence its reality, If this were not so, He would have told us. We cannot imagine an expression more full of deep tenderness and solicitude or one more calculated to ease the strain and longing that comes to one and all of us in days of separation than this sublime word of the Master. “Then let us stretch our hands in dark- ness And call our loved ones o'er and o'er. Some day their arms will close about us And the old voices speak once more.” Drys Still Seen to Control Congress in Spite of Polls BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘The drys are still in the saddle and the camel is still going strong. That is the lesson of the voting of this last week in the House of Representatives. ‘The bill for revolutionizing the crim- inal jurisprudence of the United States was pulled through the House only when the camel was put into the traces. ‘This is the bill regarding United States commissioners. ‘There are 3,116 United States commissioners in the country. They are not appointed by the Presi- dent, nor confirmed by the Senate They are named at the discretion of Federal district courts. They may or may not be lawyers. They admittedly are not jue . ‘They nevertheless by this bill are empowered to conduct the first trials of a great multitude of cases. The idea of the bill came from the President’s Law Enforcement Commis- sion. Strong arguments were developed for it on the ground that it would help to free the district courts from conges- tion. Strong arguments were developed against it on the ground that it was a violation of American traditions and of the inherent rights of American citi- zens. A large part of the opinion of the ablest jurists in the House, dry as well as wet, was leveled against the bill. It was about to fall. “Drys Want It” Passed. Representative Cramton of Michigan saved it. His speech was short. He said simply, in sum, that the drys back home wanted this bill and that any- body who voted against it would be re- garded back home as a wet. He was asked to stick to the juristic facts of the merits or demerits of the bill. He replied, in sum, that he was not think- ing of facts but of effects. It was enough. Members who had been standing on their toes to try to catch the rarefied atmosphere of juris- prudence came down on their heels at the cross-roads. The bill was passed by 218 to to 117. If anybody wants to know what in- fluence the Literary Digest poll has had upon the Congress, this is it. The camel is so far from hobbled that he hasn't even & ring in his nose. It was masculine victory. The elght woman members of the House were divided four and four. Again the theory of feminine sex solidarity was demolished. The victory was one for the dry organizations, in which nine out of ten of the dominating leaders are men. These organizations are supporting the President through thick and thin. The thinner he gets with the Senate, the thicker are they with him. He is their lifebuoy amid the wet waves. ‘Wherever he whistles, they follow. President Supported. Many of them were vigorously op- posed to the transfer of prohibition en- forcement from the Treasury Depart- ment to the Department of Justice. Théy were perfectly satisfled with Dr. James M. Doran as prohibition direc- tor within the Treasury Department. They had wholly trusted Dr. Doran’s preacher father and they wholly trust- ed Dr. Doran. They also thought that he was more acquainted with the ways of bootleggers than Attorney Gen- eral Mitchell could get to be in & decade. ‘The President, however, said that bright young lawyers who might not be willing” to enter the service of the Treasury Department would numerously aspire to achieve high legal careers as prosecutors of bootleggers in the De- partment of Justice. The dry organ- izations needed to hear him say it only once. They responded “amen,” and the bill for sacrificing their old friend Dr.' Doran and for clothing Mr. Mitchell with his raiment went through both houses. Critics of the President say that his methods are tentative and timid. His friends reply by pointing to the progress of his l]aw enforcement program. They admit that it goes slowly. The& claim with truth that it goes. It alvances like & glacier of glue. It oozes through cracks and crevices till it gets there. Seven Bills Help. The transfer from Doran to Mitchell is definitely, legislatively donme. The providing of Mitchell with new peni- tentiaries and new reformatories and new jails and new prison employments and new probation officers and new parole systems for all Federal criminals, but principally for bootleggers, is also definitely legislatively done—in seven separate passed and signed bills. Finally, this last week, every one of the four new bills for expediting the prosecution of bootleggers was irristibly propelled through the House of Representatives in the face of the fact that two of them were thought by many drys to carry upon their breaths the aroma of rum. ‘These two bills &‘!:Bllnh l. legumva marriage between a on of rum a w Federal crime or sub-crime called “petty offense.” If a citizen makes or sells or transports a gallon of rum, and no more, and if he does it unhabitualiy, then his fine is not to exceed $500 and his imprisonment is not to exceed six months without hard labor in a jail. That is point one. Point two is that if a citizen is punishable by a fine not €x- ceeding $500 or by imprisonment not exceeding six months without hard la- bor in a jail, then his offense is only a | “petty offense.” An ultimate point three then brings us back to the bill regarding Uni States commisisoners. If a citizen’s of- fense is only a “petty offense,” the Fed- eral roceed against him or “com- plaint” without an indictment by a grand jury, and it can give him a frst trial not in a court with a petit jury, but in a United States commissioner’s office without any jurors at all. The expedition promised by this point three was popular with the drys. The degrading of small bootlegging from being a potential “felony,” as in the . into being only a ‘“petty " under point one and point two of the new legislation, was not so popular with them. Some of them protested. The President was ready with an answer. “Experts Say So.” “These things,” said he, “have been recommended by the eminent jurists composing our National Commission on Law Enforcement and Observance. They are experts, and they know.” ‘The dry organizations thereupon said “yes, of course,” and the dry members of the House of Representatives in over- whelming mass said “yes, certainly,” and point one and point two were wafted through the House along with point three, ‘The dromedary is still going at a good gait with the dry organizations sitting on the rear hump and with the Law Enforcement Commission sitting majestically meutral in the hollow be- tween the two humps and with the President on the front hump, steering. ‘l'h:! dromedary eats wet polls like cactus. offense,’ (Copyright, 1930.) . Protests on Tariff Bill Come Too Late BY HARDEN COLFAX. Pressure against passage of the tariff bill as at present constituted is grow- ing, but that pressure does not seem to be having any strong effect. Repre- sentatives of various large industries which sell their goods abroad are mak- ing protests. But advocates of the bill say the time for these protests has gone by. They point out that months were devoted to hearings on the tariff law and on its various phases. Many business men feel likewise ‘They may not approve the provisions of the law. They may fear that its pas- sage will be followed by reprisals from 83 many as 40 nations. But they also feel that the tariff now is in about the same position as was the prohibition amendment. The real protests did not come on the eighteenth amendment they point out, until its supporters had so fortified themselves that their po- sition was impregnable. The protest of the large manufac- turers against the tariff bill has been followed by equally strong defense of the measure and, in some cases, busi- ness men feel that this defense had dis- torted to a certain extent the attitude of the manufacturers and exporters. The opposition has been led by some of the big automobile manufacturers They hold that the tariff would tend to reduce export to foreign countries. This in turn would cut down the avallable cash which might go toward purchase of American goods. Since foreign sales of automobiles in the last year amount- ed to 12 to 15 per cent of production, this is no small item. Big business executives have been counter-attacked by supporters of the bill. It has been charged on the floor of the House that some manufacturers are fighting the bill because they want to bring goods made in their foreign factories into this country to compete with American-made goods. Representative Knutson of Minne- sota openly charged that big business wanted free and unrestricted commerce between nations and named a number of prominent companies and executives which, he said, were working to de- feat the bill in order to foster compe- tition of foreign goods with American products. He said they wanted to manufacture in cheap markets. He named General Motors and Ford with automobile factories abroad, the pack- ers with meat plants in Argentina, Gen- eral Electric with plants abroad and American concerns with shoe factories in Czechoslovakia. The manufacturers assert that this charge is absurd—that their sole de- sire is to sell the products of their foreign factories abroad and that to bring back goods to compete in this country would be hitting themselves on their own noses. What they fear Is that the bill will bring reprisals and check the sale of American goods in nearly all the best markets of the world. They assert that to send parts abroad, assemble them there and bring back finished machines to compete in American markets is economically un- sound. All goods on the dutiable and free lists established by the bill will be sub- Jject to its provisions, unless otherwise specifie ment of the bill. Provided the bill is passed and approved by the President, all future ns and some pre- vious importations, including goods in bonded warehouses, will become sub- ject to the operation of the new sched- ules, according to the Tariff Commis- sion, Importers in possession of goods previously brought into the country, but for which no entry has been made, or which are under bond in ware- houses, with no permit’ or delivery having been issued, will be affected. ted | Goods in transit or contracted for under the same conditions also come under the provisions of the measure. It is pointed out that the bill 4 gndln‘ for a sufficient length of time permit with in storage to 1930—PART 1TWO. Capital Sidelights BY wflh P. KENNEDY. Confidence that the United States will uhwv:"n (Im;lmu future exercising spiritual resources is expressed bymmm David I. Walsh of Massachusetts, conceded to be one of the most practical idealists in Con- gress. “The problem of our future,” he said, “is mot merely to preserve material greatness and prosperity; rather the problem is to preserve the soul and spirit of America. The ideals and prin- ciples of the founders constitute thel soul of America. If we lose the spirit of the fathers, we lose all—both mate- rial greatness and that which makes it worth having. ‘“There are, indeed,” he explained, “many developments of our time that may well give us concern and cause us to give heed to what is perhaps our falling—an _easy-going hinking optimism. We take it altogether too much for granted that we-shall continue to be fortunate that ours is a land of , that our supe- rior and extensive system of education 1 always produce & sound discretion, that our natural resources will be in- exhaustible, and our genius never dimmed. b “But_great as are the dangers and the difficulties, so are our spiritual re- sources to overcome them—the fruits of widespread education, free political institutions, the good sense and well directed ambition of our people. PFrom the family, the school of all the basic virtues, ever spring courage, hope, for- bearance, the spirit of mutual conces- sion and the to Not for we be content with & moment merely holding the nd won, with in and stan where we now are. truly ambitious and achievable pro- gram for the substantial betterment of economic conditions and our social life. Xe l!;‘ould hOltd gx our thought thl: ere is a_great prize ahead of us, an that we have v.ge determination and intelligence to win it.” * K K X propos of the 314th anniversary of of William re, who Shakespeare list of sayings in common use culled from the plays of re, the majority of which few people realize can be traced back to this great writer. Senator Connally got this list from C. O. James, Sulphur Springs, Tex., who has delivered many lectures on the human life in Shakespeare. This list of quotations was compiled over a .Ee- riod of 30 years’ study of the Shake- spearean drama, as follows: “Led by the nose,” “Misery acquaints a man with strange bedfellows,” “‘Care killed a cat,” “Tell a lie and swear it,” "&methin’ is rotten in the State of Denmark,” “T'd rather be a dog and bay the moon,” “In the name of truth,” “Tell the truth and the devil,” “My hair doth stand on As ‘Cheek by jowl, doorn | census years are of ‘There’s a time for all things,” dough,” “Whip the devil around the stump,” “I know a trick worth two of that,” “This house is up- side down,” “Dog his day,” “You base foot ball player,” “Not whit,” “Foamed at the mouth,” “The weakest goes to the wall,” “The wild- ose chase,” “My fingers itch,” “Truth 1l come to light,” “In the twinkling of an eye” “All t_glitters is not gold,” “Ten to one,” “Twenty to one,” “It makes him or it mars him,” “So woebegone,” “Not a hair amiss” “He hath eaten me out of house and home,” “He will not budge a foot,” “The devil rides upon a fiddlestick,” “How the world wags,” “He was perfumed like a milliner,” “Mad as a March hare,” “The fat’s in the fire,” “From stem to stern” and “From post to pillar.” * ok oKk % Government employes throughout the country, as well as in the National Capital, are eagerly awaiting a new edition, enlarged, revised and brought up to date, of the “Romance of the Merit System,” covering the reminis- cences of nearly a half century in the civil service of its first office boy, who moved all its goods and chattels in a pushcart, and who is now one of its most_efficient executives—Matthew F. Halloran. The first edition of this very human ‘“romance” was exhausted in six months. ‘The new edition will contain many new pages. From the White House to the homes of the humblest Government employes this book on the merit sys-| tem, which is an inspirational story of achievement and progress, of youth winning its way upward by conscien- tious effort and work well performed, has been welcomed, and among the most interested readers have been Sen- ators, Representatives and Government officials. Libraries and colleges in every St in the Union have received copies of this book. It is used as a handbook in many business schools and colleges. | of William C. Deming, president of the United States Civil ice Commis- sion, called this book “a splendid con- tribution to the epic of popular gov- ernment.” * ok ok % Attention of Congress was directed the other day by Senator Cole L. Blease | 82T of South Carolina to a number of baronial estates in Georgetown County, S. C, with an interesting history. Among these is Windsor, once the home ‘e should lay hold on & new and | | t mportance of Unemployment Survey BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. The importance of timely and reliable information on the prevalence of un- employment at any given time is keenly recognized by Government officials, by employers, and by the workers them- selves, and the need of better organized means of ob'.llnlnfudlfil is felt. The whole scheme of life of any people is based on the extent to which workers are employed. Without employment ;.vnuel stop and, thmtwe‘:h mm;.#en;; g _pure] power, the people a! unable to nut.‘lln trade and manufac- ud:m' slumps. A cycle of i st rted. Early information as to d unemp] t in & given ncbn% enable all concerned to make intelligent shifts before the ition _becomes acute. Better information of in which employment is available and warnings as to where it is scarce should be provided for the benefit of workers and employers. ‘The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor is studying the problem, but so far has been handicapped by lack of funds. In the unemployment situation of the past Winter a_great deal of confusion existed. The ent of Labor it- self no_complete accuracy for its statistics. At best only estimates could be made. Senators and Repre- sentatives in Congress quoted figures which had obtained from various sources. represented their own w based on personal observation. labor unions made incomplete re- . Bread lines constitute an inade- uate index, as they number among their beneficiaries many persons not regularly employed. The only measure of unemployment at all reliable is a statement of the number of people out of jobs who normally have work. Congress has in the past appro. priated sums of money for special un- employment surveys. In a period when unemployment has been known to exist, but where uncertainty has existed as has asked the is some regular memployment surveys made at regular intervals would not only reveal the ex- tent of unemployment at a given time, but, what is of equal importance, the trend of unemployment. Such figures would show, over a rerlod of time, whether the number of jobs is on the increase or decline. The of these trends would enable employers and governmental officials as well as labor leaders to act intelligently in dealing Recent Surveys in Some Citles. ‘The decennial census periods are too far apart to be of particular valye. The arbitrarily fixed and one may fall by chance in a m:lod of acute unemplo} t, while next occurs at a e of labor shortage. Neither, perhaps, produces the figures when they are wanted. But the cost of taking a census is so heavy that it would be impracticable to have more frequent surveys of the whole country. At present, officials of the, Depart- ment of Labor observe, the only pros- pect for better statistics, more frequently compiled, is the enlistment of ©0~ operation of local communities and governments and even of private organi- zations. There seems to be no present practicable means of covering the entire country at frequent intervals, but it is hoped that arrangements will be made to make sample surveys lected com- lect typical surveys last year. to cover the entire cities in Buffalo and Philadelphia, but care was used in selecting representative city blocks so that the results would show em- in all grades of ployment conditions economic status. In Baltimore the work was done at the expense of the city and State gov- ernments. . The Maryland State com- missioner of’abor and statistics was in general charge of the work, but the actual fleld work was done by the city police. All families were covered in the survey, so no method of selection hyd How the co-operation of non-govern: mental agencies can be utilized is fllus- is | trated by what was done in Philadelphia. The and. ‘Wharton Bc:hoblk of Finance blocks in 10 school districts. These cify blocks were selected with an eye to the economic status and the race of the residents, and therefore a cross-sectiol of the employment situation in al classes was obtained. The Whartor School did all the work of compiling the statistics after they had been gath- ered by the truant officers. While the survey covered only 6.6 per cent of :& Philadelphia families, it was regard as wholly representative. How Should Unemployment Be Defined? An mmlmg system of inquiry wis employed in alo. The New York State Department of Labor had general supervision of the work, but the actual field work, the interviewing of families, was done by volunteer college students. These students received no compensa- tion, but, on the theory that the ex- perience would be educational in itself, they were given class credits in accord- ance with the amount of work done. It was considered by the school author- ities that students, particularly those studying economics or soclology, would derive as much benefit from this actual contact with the raw material of their studies as they would from poring over text books in class. In Buffalo, too, the city was divided into nine regions, so as to give oppor- tunity for discovering the unemploy- ment situation in every normal income class. Seven per cent of the total num- ber of families in the city was covered. ‘The need of stan definitions of unemployment also is felt by the authorities. Different rules have been followed by different surveyors. For example, in some cases it is-found that a carpenter by trade is out of carpentry work. He has, however, a regular job as a factory laborer. Such a man, it is considered, should be listed as em- ployed, because he is drawing a wage at regular viork, even though that work is not his trade. On the other hend, a bricklayer out of work might be sur- veyed when he has work for only,a day or two, such as shoveling snow. Such work, being of a very temporary nature, is not sufficient to justify el):‘; sifying the man as employed. should tramps, beggars and professional gamblers, wi unemployment at reg- ular callings is known to be voluntary, be listed as unemployed, because the sole value of unemployment statistics les in their comparative relation—that Il.hoflu mmn\lmber of fllollen out of work who nor ly are employed regularly. Discretion should be used by mumlny- tors in discovering reasons for unem- ployment. It is only the worker who wants work and who normally is em- ployed, but who, because of conditions, is unable to find any kind of work which he is capable of performing who should be numbered definitely as un- employed. Enumerators should be selected for their discretion and judgment and abil- ity to interview families in a manner calculated to get a true picture. Dif- ferent points of view of giving information ‘must be taken into consid- of hér It mmimwue-hle spouse beca cool sewer all day while she over & steaming washtub. to bend Project Abandoned For Channel Tunnel BY A. G. GARDINER, England's Greatest Liberal Editor. LONDON, June 7.—The Channel tun- nel is now dead and damned finally. Premier Macdonald’s announcement to | the House of Commons this week on the government’s adverse decision on the {scheme was generally accept:d as the last word on the project which Napoleon and Baron Holland ssed and which has been periodically revived for & cen- ury. Formerly the insuperable cbstacle to the scheme in England had been the military objection to country with the continent, and deprivi it the security enjoyed by our “right little, tight little isiand.” This objection is no longer the dom- inant consideration. It is true that the imperial defense committee in its repo on the pmenltn&ropud condemned it on traditional tary flund.s. but this opposition alone would have been disre- ded. Apart from the fact that an attempt to invade England by tunnel would be an adventure so mad as to be unthinkable, the experience of the Jate war has changed the whole public out- of Gov. Allston, the son-in-law of Vice President Aaron Burr, which is now owned by Paul V. Mills of New York, Another is Hopsewee, the home of Thomas ch, a signer of the Declara- e d, on the day following enact- %&Vo: )‘:l‘ni?o lependence. At Arcuiu& %e n was once entertgined, Isaac E. Emerson, known far and wide as the “Bromo-Seltzer King,” now reigns. Belle Isle, now an azalea garden of rare beauty, which was opened to the public years ago, has been leased to Mr. and Mrs. Henry M. Savage, Who have moved a century-old colonial house from Newberry, S. C., to the des site. This old house formerly bemnd to J. B. Smith Livingston, an uncle of Senator Blease, and in it he enjoyed many pleasant occasions. Brookglenn, another one of these famous estates, was the scene of Julia Peterkin's “Scarlet Sister Mary.” Bernard M. Baruch, noted New York financier, and native of South Carolina, owns and spends many pleasant vaca- tions at Hobcaw Barony, where he is ]l.n':l'efl proprietor of more than 20,000 acres. ——t e Reversing the System. Prom the Detroit News. A man in Oregon has confessed to slaying his wife with a rolling pin, the big sisste! ————— History Repeats Itself. From the Harrisburg (Pa.) Telegraph. Sounds as though Wilhelm has writ- ten a speech or two for Mr. Mussolini. entering shipments before the new duties are applied. ‘Thus the passage of the bill will re- lease large quantities of goods held in warehouses and will make it possible for purchasers, willing to buy but hesi- tant to do 5o until the duties are set- trade. There many of as there are schedules as to what indus- tries and commodities are helped or hurt by the measure, but at least its will settle uncertainty and al- passage low business which has been checked (m-umontlu to proceed on =& definite The effect of the tariff on foreign countries and foreign markets has not yet been fully measured. Naturally some animosity has been created by the bill. But how much of this is due to business and how much to the use of the measure for political effect abroad remains to be seen. Similarly, fore! been | countries eannot be sure how they be affected untll the new duties are uMhmflm (Copyright, 10804 WGl look on the subject. The complete con- quest of the air has, in & military sense, obliterated the Channel. England during the four years of the war was habituated to invasion by air- ship and airplane. None questions that in the event of another war the Eng- lish sky would be the first and most critical theater of action, and to ob- ject to the tunnel on the ground of fears of an invasion by land is mere antiquated nonsense. It was untenable even when the sea offered at least a fighting chance of landing an army, n | but it is “moonshine” now that Eng- land can be effectively invaded without landing an army. ‘The project has failed on the more practical and conclusive grounds of finance and expediency. The proposal was revived as offering one method of absorbing the unemployed and this consideration gave the scheme much popular support. But the discovery that the British section of the work would give employment directly and indirectly to only 6,000 men has re- duced this aspect of the matter to negligible proportions. As to the cost and practicability of the scheme, the report of the committee appointed to consider this phase of the subject is not reassuring. The cost is estimated at $150,000,000, but the committee agreed that there is a risk of fissures or even of unfilled valleys that might be encountered on the bed of the seas whtth would make the estimate irrele- vant. This warning alone was enough to make the government walk warily, but the real rock on which the scheme was wrecked was the economic un- mund&nez‘(:! :ha whole idea. It was agree for purposes of heas goods the traffic tunnel would offer xz alternative to sea, as the heavy capital outlay would make the cost of transit uni from 2 project. et reduced PO, fore, was to the question of providing passengers to the continent with an alternative route, without a change and avoiding the occasional discom! by Dover and Calais. It was argued that this would increase intercourse between the continent and England and bring many Americans h - land who now avoid the country on ac- count of the Channel passage. saving of time would also' bring Paris and London within the compass of a day's journey to and fro. This consideration has also London force, to the .ot:e':. development an enable the doubl £7be " Gane "0, one” dav, a0 lost it of avi- fourney Fifty Years Ago In The Star The Republican National began its proceedings in 53’ Mg icago on Grant and Blaine Sag0, St coone: i an 6 forc in & Deadlock. {7'Siriua deadiock from the outset. The convention lasted until the 8th of June, when James A. Garfleld of Ohlo was nominated on the thirty-sixth ballot. The Star of June 2, 1880, says: “By mutual concessions the threat- ened row between the Grant and anti- Grant factions of the Republican na- tional committee has been avoided. The Grant men appear to have gained most the compromise.' The most impor= tant point won was securing the admission of the solid Grant delegation rt | from Illinois. Had: the 20 contesting Blaine delegates been admitted, it would have been a severe and perhaps fatal blow to Grant's candidacy. Under the agreement the 42 Grant delegates wil vote in the preliminary organization of the convention, which is a matter of no small moment. In counting by State delegations a clear majority is against Grant, and therefore the com- mittee will be com of men un- friendly to his candidacy, but with & majority of the delegates in favor of Grant {riends can vote down ma- ittees - and chairman men_have not Mr. Hoar has not been regar gechl.ly friendly to the third-term idea, e is known to have a very friendly is supposed to be oppose T Dot sup) op] e = nation of Blaine. He is belleved represent the anti-Blaine unumn‘e which has so often, in the last two or three years particularly, manifested it- seM in Massachusetts. The readine: with which Senators Cameron, Conkl and Logan accepted Senator Hoar and ledged their delegations to vote. for. im as ubrgfnruy chairman indicates that they believe Grant’s interests to be entircly safe in his hands.” * * % Census enumerators were just starting: to work at this time 50 years ago for A Plea for Full :ev‘\‘n.it. g‘he Stl:ll' Census Returns, Of June 21880 “The census enumerators have begun their work, and in order to faecilitate their labors and to have a complete and accurate census the people should: re- ceive them with courtesy and answ their questions with patience. - Mu depends upon the conduct of the public, and it is not only a mistaken idea but a mischievous one to assume that people are not bound to answer the questions of enumerators. There is a law to com- pel responses, but as everybody is in- terested in having a complete and ac< curate census there ought not to be any. Iflrhnfm-lnlm nothing is more certain than that air service between London and Pal ‘The | is only in its infancy. These facts have undermined the whole case for the tunpel, and though Mr. Macdonald has agreed to give a day of debate to the that de hope of revival in the future. 4y Great Britain is to remain an island. 4Copyrisht, 19800 its | question, it is unive: acknowledged the ’l.ully 'ad beyond the L5