Evening Star Newspaper, February 7, 1930, Page 2

A2 ww THE EVENING STIMSON GREETED WITH SATISFACTION Statement Is Seen as Coming in Time to Buoy Spirits of Delegations. BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE, ®wx Torrespondent of The Star. By Radio to The Star. TONDON, February '~ itie Ameri- ean delegation has seized the initiative ws the Five-power Naval Conference and has speeded it on its way to accom- plishment, as The Star correspondent was enabled to prophesy Monday. And 1t would be impossible to exaggerate the profound satisfaction that Secretasy <3, State Stimson’s statement has aroused in London. It came in the nick of time, to pre- vent many conference authorities, in- cluding the delegations themselves, from concluding that matters were drifting al- most hopelessly. The gratification over ‘America’s concrete proposition is espe- cially strong in the British quarters. Comment on Secretary Stimson’s statement is not general yet, because it was issued too late last night to enable the London editorial writers to tackle it. But, the early opinion in such regions as the Times and on the part of the well known but not particularly pro- American naval expert, Hector C. By- water, is altogether favorabie. Times Welcomes Proposal. i The Times strikes the note that is almost certain to be the widespread view when it says: “Details will require careful examination and perhaps some readjustment, but the statement seems, at first sight, to offer a basis acceptable to both America and Britain, At al events, no time need be lost in giving it a welcome, both for its own candid merits and because it promises to give' a much needed impulse to the work of ference.” ‘hes:é::tlr_v Stimson’s statement was forthcoming under highly dramatic cir- Only an initiated few were aware that it was imminent. Stimson | and the other heads of the delegations were in conference late in the afternoon, but nobody suspected they were en- anything momentous than further consideration of techni- calities. Suddenly, Michael McDenavtt, chiet of Secretary Stimson’s press section, sent out a 4-11 alarm to American cor- respondents, summoning them to meet the Secretary of State at St. James' Palace to receive an “important mes- e Effect Ts Electrifying. Secretary Stimson appeared in eve- ning dress en route to a dinner engage- ment with officers of the Scots' Guards. He held 30 or 40 scribes spellbound as he read them the full text of the Ameri- can offer to Britain and Japan. The effect was electrifying. All real- ized that America at last had given the conference the species of leadership that it hitherto has lacked. The confer- ence now has something to shoot at and get its teeth into. ‘The Japanese haven't yet expressed themselves about the offer, but The Star it has every reason to selieve Tokio’s approval will not be with- held. The Japanese congressional elec- tions are and the government must watch its step before assenting to anything at London that might savor of surrender. Stimson’s cautious words in reference the existing 10-6 ratio in large ships, including the 10,000-ton cruisers, but would assign them nearly 10-7 or 10-7 in other vessels. Franco-Italian Pact Is “Joker.” The “joker' in the American propo- sition is Stimson’s plain reminder that self to either big or small cruiser ton- nage, on which America and Britain otherwise agree readily. France at present is stiff-necked in opposition to Italy’s demand for parity. The Parisian statesmen at the confer- ence say that any government which accepted such parity would be turmed out of office by 500 votes in the Cham- ber of Deputies. France declares she can only be induced to reduce her pres- ent big navy law in return for security guarantees. Nobody in London belleves n;e can get them, either here of here- after. Three-Power Treaty May Result. _This strongly conjures up the possi- bility that out of the London Confer- ence only a three-power treaty may emerge. America, Britain and Japan may find it necessary to agree among themselves as to the limit of reduction of their fleets on commonly satisfactory lines, coupled with the proviso that any one of them, in the case of need, might build beyond these provisions. Other vparties to the agreement would, of course, have the same right. This possibility is in the migds of the PFrench and Italian delegations. ‘They will have to consider seriously whether any obstructive game at Lon- don is worth the candle. At any rate, Uncle Sam's cards are on the table. It will not be the fault of Secretary Stimson and his colleagues if play doesn’t proceed rapidly to a successful eonclusion. (Copyrisht, 1930.) BLEASE DEMANDS TAFT BE RENAMED Chief Justice’s Resignation “Fix- ed,” Neclares Senator, Adding, *“You Can't Fool Me.” From th: 5:30 Edition of Yesterday's Star. Senator Blease, Democrat, South Carolina, proposed in the Senate yester- day that a resolution be adopted asking President Hoover to reappoint William Howard Taft as Chief Justice. The South Carolinian said he didn't have anything against Charles Evans Hughes, the nominee for Chief Justice, but he “loves William Howard Taft” and fears there “is something crooked around here somewhere.” “You can't fool me,” said Blease. “I am not in the inner circle and can't| get in, but some one has tcie-d Wil- liam Howard Taft. There is something crooked around here. It was all fixed up. Taft resigns and Hughes takes his place un; Hughes' son resigns as sll)hclun’ and Taft's son is to take his place.” Continue Diamond Restriction. BRUSSELS, Fcbruary 7 ().—The Diamond Cutters' Union today decided to retain throughout February restric- tions, self-imposed in December, reduc- ing production of cut stones by 50 per cent ‘The demand for cut stones ireproved slightly during the last fortnight and producers were satisfied with the prices maintained. e TRV e Marie Memoirs to Be in English. BUCHAREST, Rumania, February 7 [t® —Queen Marle has decided to publish her memoirs in Engiish. They will consist of three volumes, the first appearing in May and the second next Autumn. - A London publisher will &dandle the work. MACDONALD SIDES WITH STIMSON| TING EMPIRE'S NAVY PLAN IN STA (Continued From First Page.) cruisers, the statement said, will be governed by the decision of the con- ference regarding limitation in size and units. During Tecent conversa- tions between Great Britain and the United States it was assumed that British Empire needs would be 339,000 tons, divided into 50 cruisers. Total Hinges on Submarines. The British proposal is that the limit assigned destroyer leaders should be +1.850 tons, and for destroyers, 1,500 tone, the maximum size of guns in both cla: being 5-inch. ‘The present British building program for destroyers is 200,000 tons ultimately, but this can be reduced if the sub- marine programs of the other powers are reduced, for obviously the size and | total tonnage of destroyers must largely depend upon the size and total tonnage of submarines. Col. Stimson, head of the American aeicgation, in his lengthy statement to the press, evitomized American naval limitation aims and ideals and revealed theavolms on which progress has been made. While Col. Stimson's statement mere- ly sald “our delegation has made sug- gestions,” it was known to have been with Prime Minister ~Macdonald's knowledge. Of Japan it was said, “Suggestions” had been made which “would produce an ‘over-all’ relation satisfactory to us, and, we hope, to them. In conformity with our relations fn the past, it is not based upon the same ratio in every class of ships.” Col. Stimson, concluding, made refer- ence to the French-Italian naval rela- | tionship problem, by many considered | the hardest nut the conference has | to crack, saying: | “We have not made proposals to | the French and Italians, whose prob- | lems are not so directly related to ours that we feel it appropriate at this time ) /to make suggestions to them. A set- tlement of Italian and of French prc! is essential, of course, agreement contemplated.” Text of British Statement. ‘The text of the statement, which| presented the British viewpoint, just as Secretary Stimson's statement yesterday presented the American, was as follows: “His majesty's government in the United Kingdom considers the Naval Conference of supreme importance. It believes the conference ought not only to reduce existing fleets and building programs, but put an end finally to competition in naval armaments and thus constitute an important step toward the ultimate elimination of the causes of war and toward establish- ment of peace on an unassailable foundation. “The policy of his majesty's govern- ment in the United Kingdom is to keep the highway of the seas open for trade and communication, and in relation to the political state of the world, to take what steps are necessary to secure this. In estimating its naval needs the government has also to take into ac- count its obligations under the covenant of the League of Nations, partly offset though they are by the security affored under the covenant by its provision on mutual support. ‘War Chances Are Estimated. “There are also other commitments which have to be fulfilled in rela- tion to the present state of the world. In deciding what these commitments amount to in terms of naval strengh the government has to estimate e chances of war ing out, because unless this is done, fleets will be built which will never be of any use, will threaten rather than protect and will at best be & waste of national resources. “The Government feels that if naval establishments are not to be a menace, an brium must be maintained be-~ tween them by means of international agreement. It feels, moreover, that this equilibrium will not be secured by mere numeflfi eq;xz!g; in ships -lnd ton- nage, only by adoption of agreed programs based .:l mfldfi‘l‘:flm of Tequirements, ecting persions. eteetera, and in which the menace will be reduted as much as possible. Limitation Held Advisable. “This cannot be done by any general formula or ratio. It must be the sub- Ject of conferences such as this, and of agreements made for periods at the end of which they should be reviewed, and during which governments should be engaged in strengthening the foun- dations of peace. “It is therefore proposed that the agreement resulting from this conference should run until 1936, and that in 1935 a further conference should be called to review the situa- tion in relation to world relations. “In view of these considerations, his majesty’s government in the United Kingdom suggests the following pro- posals for the conference: “The agreement should be not upon global tonnage, but upon the size of individual ships in the various cate- gories and upon the tonnage used by each nation in each of these categories. “The categories should be capital ships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, de- stroyers and submarines. “An agreement by categories is neces- sary in order to obtain elimination of i competitive building and the mainte- nance of equilibrium between fleet and fleet. These two points are essential if security is to be obtained. It is not only the total tonnage of a fleet which counts, but the use to which these tons are put, and an agreement on the latter point is called for. Way to Transfer is Left Open. “At some time it might be convenient to allow a percentage of tonnage assign- ed to different categories to be trans- ferred to other categories. The British government, however, does not favor a general transfer. It is opposed to trans- fer in regard to capital ships, aircraft and submarines. In regard to cruisers, it would permit the transfer out of the | 8-inch class into the 6-inch class on al percentage which remains to be ar- ranged. The object of this arrange- ment would be to take into account the special needs of countries which require a large proportion of small cruisers. “The government proposes that thel number of capital ships for each sig- natory affixed by the Washington treaty should be reached within 18 months of ratification of the treaty resulting from this conference mstead «f by 1936. It proposes that no replacement of existing ships should take place be- fore the next conference ‘n 1935 and that in the meantime the whole ques- tion of capital ships should be the subject of negotiation between the pow- ers_concerned. “The government will press for re- duction, though, of course without dis- turbing the Washington equilibrium. Its experts favor m reduction in size from 35,000 tons to 25,000 tons and of guns from 16 to 12 inches. The govern- ment also favors & lengthening of age | from 20 to 26 years. Exchange of Views Wanted. “The Government hopes that there will be an exchange of views on this subject during the conference; indeed, it would wish to see an agreement by which battleships will in due time dis- appear altogether, as it considers them a very doubtful proposition in view of their size and cost and of the de- velopment of efficacy of air and sub- marine attack. “The Government would further limit the tonnage and gun caliber of aircraft carriers and suggests that ships of 10,000 tons and under should be included in the total tonnage of this category if as aircraft carriers. “It proposes a reduction of total air- ! eraft tonnage for the British and United States navies from 135,000 tons under the Washington treaty to (say) 100,000 tons and an adjustment of that assigned to other ons in the Washington treaties ratio. It further proposes that the maximum size of aircraft carriers should be reduced to 25,000 tons and that their age should be 26 years in- ctead of 20. STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., FRIDAY, conversation between the governments of the United States and Great Britain that cruisers should be grouped in one category which, in turn, should ,be divided into cruisers carrying 8-inch guns and cruisers ca; 6-inch guns and under. It was also assumed during the negotiations that the requirements consist of a total tonnage of 339,000 tons divided into 50 categories, 20-Year Life ¥s Urged. “A final arrangement will be gov- crned by the decision of the Conference regarding limitation in the size of units. The British government proposes that the tonnage limit of 8-inch cruisers should remain at 10,000 tons as pro- vided for in the Washington treaty and that there should be a tonnage limit for smaller vessels at about 6,000 or 7,000 tons. It suggests that only a fixed proportion in the latter class should be bullt up to that limit and that the lite of t;m!sers gm;xld be 20 years. % “In rega o destroyers, it pro- posed that the limit assigned should be. for leaders, 1,850 tons, and for de- stroyers, 1,500 tons. The maximum size of guns for both classes of de- stroyers should be 5 inches. The pres- ent British bullding program of de- stroyers is for 200,000 tons ultimately, but this can be reduced if the subma- rine programs of other powers are re- &xcfidm is gbvio‘\;: thas the size nn}d tal e of destroyers must largely depend upon the size and total ton- nage of submarines. “The government proposes the aboli- tion of “submarines. Its experts feel that the argument that the submarine is an arm solely of defense was de- stroyed by the experience of the iate war, and that in war conditions it is an arm of attack. If abolition cannot be agreed upon, the British government will put forward proposals limiting sub- marines rigidly to defense requirements. Humanizing Is Advecated. “In any case it will press for limita- tion of the submarine to the lowest possible limit, and it proposes to urge revival of the agreement signed at Washington in 1922 but not ratified by all the signatory powers w'ich would regulate in the interests of aumanity the use of submarines against mer- chant ships. “In regard to auxiliary vessels rot strictly entering into fieet strength. the Government proposes that taey should be specified and that each gov- ernment should publish yearly lists of vessels of this class in ion as laid down.” ‘The text of Secretary Stimson’s state- ment is as follows: At the opening of the conference the United States delegation made no state- ment of its position or of the needs of its country beyond the historical fact of agreement in principle for parity be- tween Great Britain and the United States. ‘We are now in a position where we can go further. Following discussions among ourselves and negotiations with the British and Japanese, which have clarified the limits of possible agree- ment, our delegation has made sugges- | tions as follows: H First, with Britain, immediate parity in every class of ship in the Navy. The gross tonnage of these two fleets is substantially 1,200,000 tons apiece. Negotiations betweea President Hoover and Prime Minister Macdonald last Summer practically reduced the discus- sion of parity between them to the com- paratively insignificant difference in their respective cruiser class tonnage of 24,000 tons. We propose to seitle this difference as follows: Under our suggestion the actyal tonnage difference between the two cruiser fleets will be only 12,000. Of the larger cruisers armed with 8-inch guns Great Britain will have 15 and the United States 18, an advantage to the latter of 30,000 tons. Of the small cruisers armed with 6-inch guns, Great Britain will have an advantage of 42,000 tons. But be- yond this, in order to -dnsure exact Qpportunity, ‘the of the British commonwealth would | - FIXNAVY FIGURES placed Until 1936 Under Anglo-U. S. Agreement. —_— BY PAUL SCOTT MOWRER. y Radio to Th LONDON, England, February 7.—As a result of three weeks of confidential conversations between the delegates of | the five powers represented at the Lon- ‘ don Naval Conference the following agreements seem now to have been ten- tatively reached: The United States will scrap three | old battleships, Great Britain will scrap five and Japan one. Great Britgin also will scrap four cruisers. w]iga:.tfleshlp! will be replaced prior | The United States will have 18 big | cruisers, Great Britain 15, unless Japan insists on more than 12 for herself and France more than 9, in which case the Anglo-American figures might also change. Britisn Get 35 Small Cruisers. Great Britain will have 35 small cruisers averaging 5400 tons, armed with 6-inch guns, and a total large and small cruiser to; e of 339,000. The United Stai in addition to its 10 of the Omaha type, will seemingly build 6 new 6-inch cruisers slightly over 9,000-tons and will have a total cruiser tonnage of 327,000, Great Britain and the United States will each have 130 destroyers by 1936, and not over 60,000 tons of submarines, provided these figures are not forced up by French or Japanese intentions. A treaty will be made for five years only on the basis of readjusted building and replacement programs without re- gard to fixed and permanent ratios. League to Urge Extension. ‘The League of Nations meanwhile, at a general disarmament conference, will attempt to extend the London princi- ples to the smaller naval powers. Secretary of State Stimson's state- ment on the Anglo-American cruiser agreement—for that is what it really is—is the first official intimation of the evolution in the United States’ naval thought. It continues to be admited in Ameri- can circles that a convention providing for conversations in case of a breach or threatened breach of the Kellogg pact is not excluded as a possibility. An agreement to confer is suggested. ‘The French are somewhat surprised by Secretary Stimson’s statement. They suggest that perhaps it would have been more correct to talk about cruisers thoroughly with them before giving the Anglo-American figures to the press. French Remember 1922 Pact. They remember keenly that at Wash- ington in 1922 they were finally con- fronted with a British-American-Japan- ese agreement and asked to accept what those three powers had decided upon. They are fully determined that there shall be no repetition, so far as they are ;aneemed. of Washington methods ere. Furthermore, the Prench express as- tonishment that the British and Ameri- cans, who in committee are opposing the idea of transfers of tonnage be- tween large and small cruiser classes, in Mr. Stimson’s statement provide, as be- tween Great Britain and the United States, for precisely such transfers. Present indications are that the French will give their own figures for- mally to the press when Premier Andre ‘Tardieu returns from Paris on Tuesday. SOUTH AFRICA SENATE MEMBER KNOCKED OUT Blow by Former Minister Boydell Renders T. 8. Warwick Un- conscious, to increase its large crui from 15 to 18, s0 as to give it a total tonnage of 327,000 tons, the exact amount of tonnage which the United States now asks. On the other hand, the United States would have the option, by reducing its large cruisers from 18 to 15, to in- crease the number of its small cruisers 50 as to give it a total cruiser tonnage of 339,000 tons, the exact amount of equalize our two fleets in 1931 instead of in 1942. At present the British battleship fleet contains two more ves- sels than ours. In destroyers and aircraft carriers we suggest equality of tonnage, and in submarines the lowest tonnage pos- sible. As is well known, we will gladly agree to the total abolition of subma- rines if it is possible to the consent of all five powers to-such a tional law as surface craft in their op- erations against merchant ships, so that they cannot attack without providing for the safety of passengers and crew: Second, our suggestion to the Japa. nese delegation would produce an “over- all” relation satisfactory to us and, we hope, to them. In conformity with our relations in the past, it is not based u}?on the same ratio in every class of ships, We have not made proposals to the French and Italians, whose problems are not so directly related to ours that we feel it appropriate at this time to make suggestions to them. A settle- ment of Italian and of French prob- lems is essential, of course, to the agree- ment contemplated. The United States delegates do mot feel at liberty to discuss any further details in figures, and is obvious that the announcement of hypothetical fig- ures by others is calculated only to pro- voke argument, Our delegation is in agreement on every item of the program, and we are in the most hopeful spirit that in co- operation with the other delegations the primary purposes of the conference, namely the termination and prevention of competition in naval armament, and such reductions as are found consistent with national security, may be accom- plished. This is all we deem it helpful to state until our suggestions have been considered by the delegations to whom they have been sent. See Treaty Drafting Soon. Predictions were heard that within two weeks the conference could btfln the work of drafting a naval i:mitation treaty. There was even talk of con- clusion of its labors by March 1. Meanwhile, it was said, real progress By the Associated Press. CAPE TOWN, Union of South Africa, February 7.—The calm atmosphere of the Senate here was broken today by & scene reminiscent of the boxing ring when Senator T. Boydell, former min- ister of labor, knocked T. S. Warwick, & member of the opposition, unconscious with a blow on the chin. ‘The incident took place when Boydell asked Warwick to apologize for an al- leged blow Warwick struck Boydell at an election meeting in Durban. Boy- dell said that Warwick refused to apologize and pushed him away. War- wick recovered consciousness in an Joining committee room and was moved to a nursing home for observ: UNLIMITED TIME URGED TO ASK COMPENSATION Legion Committee Official Tells House Group 462,705 Service Men Failed to Apply. By the Associated Press. Unlimited extension of the time al- lowed World War veterans in which to apply for adjusted compensation was urged today by John Thomas Taylor, vice chairman of the American Legion's national legislative committee, before the House ways and means committee, which is donsidering the Hawley bill to extend the time limit one year. ‘Taylor said 462,705 veterans have not applied for their compensation. Of this number, he continued, 23301 applica- tions came in just “after the bell rang" when the time limit for filing claims expired the first of this year. Representatives , Democrat, of Mississippl, and Johnson, Democrat, of Texas, supported Taylor's stand. s sl BERLIN STREET RENAMED. BERLIN, February 7 (#).—The name of a great German military victory has been erased from the street map of Berlin to make room for a tribute to the memory of a peacemaker of modern Germany, the late foreign minister, Dr. Gustav Stresemann. Koeniggraetzer street, which for more than half a century has reminded Ger- mans of the defeat of Austria in the battle of Koeniggraetz, has been changed by official decree to Strese- mann street. fensive, Private conversations between the delegations, of course, will continue. It is known that several members of the American delegation had studied the problem of drafting a treaty prior was being made by the conference sub- committee of experts and advisers who are attempting to reconcile technical differences in global and categorical tonnage classification and the two com- promise proposals which have been put forward. At a meeting of the confer- ence as a committee of the whole yes- terday, the French compromise plan was accepted provisionally, with the spaces for the figures required by each power left blank. T}hlz chief de‘legnltz! ':lnd their aides are busy preparing for the next plena: session oP thé conference next 'Exesdz at which the attitude of the five powers on submarines will be brought into the open. It was expected a spokesman for each delegation would address the con- ference, the French probably introduc- ing a proposed treaty for “humanizing” submarine warfare. ‘This will be their answer to plans for abolition of these craft by America and Great Britsin, and will be volcing their own disinclination to abolish a to their departure from Washington, and have devoted some talk to it since arriving in London. Col. Stimson’s attitude is that the placing of various points on paper as agreement is reached will have an ex- cellent effect in increasing the morale of all delegations and also finally dis- pose of problems as they are agreed upon. ‘The preliminary idea of the Ameri- cans on the method of drafting a naval limitation treaty is that each two or three delegations upon reaching an agreement upon their separate prob- lems should report such agreement to the chiefs of delegations, after which the chiefs would instruct each delega- tion to submit a draft of its ideas as to how the matter should be written into a final draft treaty. o Based on prices of materials of today, [No Battleship Would Be Re- | regulation of private conduct in the eighteenth amendment is & most encouraging sign. matter how powerful the State is and no matter how great its appeal to the imagination, the American people have objection to administration.” scribe,” the sacred shrine of Nikko, in Japan, cannot be duplicated for less than $1,- 000,000,000, according to recent esti- “It was assumed during the recent weapon which they insist is purely. de-. mates, TENTATIVE PAGTS 1BECK ASKS REPEA OF VOLSTEAD LAW Former Solicitor General Tells House 18th Amend- ment Must Remain, (Continued From First Page.) continued, referring to the race ques- tion in the South, “but the Republican party cannot hold forever a large num- ber of self-respecting men and women to whom the intolerance of prohibi- tion is a moral affront. “It cannot forever be half wet and half dry.” Mr. Beck’s address was entitled “The Revoit Against Prohibition.” It was a masterful and eloquent effort, listened to with the keenest attention by members of the House and fre- quently interrupted with applause. Replies to Fort. He took as his text a part of the recent report made by the President's Law Enforcement Commission, a part which, he said, would have caused the prohibition leaders to rend their gar- ments and set themselves down in sackeloth and ashes, if they had caught its full significance. That, and the ad- dress recently delivered by Representa- tive Franklin Fort of New Jersey, who balanced the benefits of prohibition against its evils and declared for pro- hibition. Mr. Fort's proposal was that those who desired to drink light wines and beer make them and use them in their homes. To this proposal Mr. Beck took strong cxception, declaring that it would help to break down still further the American home. That portion of the report uf the Law Enforcement Commission to whick Mr. Beck gave his attention follows: “It is impossible wholly to set off observance of the prohibition act from the large question of the views and habits of the American people with re- spect to private judgment as to statutes and regulations affecting their conduct. To reach conclusions of any value, we must go into deep questions of public opinion and the criminal law. We must look into the several factors in the at- titude of the people. both generally and in particular localities, toward laws in general and toward specific regulations. We must note the attitude of the pio- neer toward such things. We must bear in mind the Puritan’s objection to administration; the Whig tradition of a ‘right of revolution’; the concep- tion of natural rights, classical in our polity; the democratic tradition of in- dividual participation in, sovereignty: the attitude of the business world toward local regulation of enterprise; the clash of organized interests and opinions in a diversified community, and the divergencies of attitude in dif- ferent sections of the country and as between different groups in the same locality. We must not forget the many historical examples of large-scale pub- lic disregard of laws in our past. To give proper weight to these things, in connection with the social and eco- nomic effects of the prohibition law, is not a matter of a few months.” Calls Report Enigmatic. ‘To many, said Mr. Beck, this pre- liminary explanation of the Law En- forcement Commission “may be as enigmatic as the Delphian Oracle.” He proceeded to give his own inter- pretation. The implications contained in the report of the commission, he said, should be a matter of gratification :io the wets and of apprehension to the rys. “The fanatical dry leaders,” said Mr. Beck, “are at the moment enjoying & Belshazzer's feast, as they view the fat and juicy majorities which they have in this Congress and in other legislative bodies. But upon the wall now appear the words, ‘Mene, Mene, Tekel, Up- harsin'—for the sentences that I have quoted, when translated into common speech, mean that the prohibition amendment has been ‘weighed in the balance and found wanting.’ “The profoundest intellect of an- tiquity, Aristotle, said 2,000 years ago that, if a constitution—by which he meant the aggregate of the laws pre- scribed by the state—conflict with what he called the ‘ethos,’ namely, the spirit or genius of a people, the result of the conflict would not be uncertain, for the laws have no lasting vitality save in the spirit of a people. distinguish this ‘ethos,’ or spirit, of a people from the mere results of the polling booth, or fluctuating votes in legislative assemblies, for these only register the temporary opinions of fleet- ing majorities, while the ‘ethos’ of the people is a quality born with the indi- vidual and persisting unto his death. ;l'hehahlllow murmur but the deep are umb.’ “If this be true, then it is especially true of a race of individualists, who have never been disposed to place upon the brow of King Demos a crown, which they had taken from autocratic kings. Hence, the significance of the phrase in the report, ‘We must note the at- titude of the pioneer toward such things’ We are still a race of pioneers. It is true that we have cleared a con- tinent of its once virgin forests, but the American people did something far greater than that. They cleared the mind of America from the ob- session of past ages that a State had an unlimited and divine power to regulate, in all respects, the conduct of the individual. A race of individualists does not deify the state. It refuses to belleve that the ofl of an- nointing, that was once supposed to sanctify the head of the monarch and clothe his utterances and acts with in- fallibility, has now fallen upon the mul- titudinous tongue of the majority. The individualist at all times, and never more than in this country, has said to the state: “There is a limit to your pow- er; thus far and no further, and here shall thy proud waves be stayed.’ The 10-year "revolt against the oppressive prescribed It proves that, no not vet lost the spirit of individualism which has made them the greatest Na- tion in the world.” Just and Equal Laws. Mr. Beck referred to the clause in the commission’s report which said, “We must bear in mind the Puritan's He called attention to the “first rudimentary con-~ stitution written in the cabin of the Mayflower. These Puritans only agreed with each other to obey such ‘just and equal laws’ as the majority might pre- Mr. Beck emphasized the fact that the Puritans did not agree to obey all laws, but to obey “just and equal laws” alone. ‘The Whig tradition of a right of revo- lution, referred to by the Law Enforce- ment Commission in its report, might, in the opinion of Mr. Beck, refer to the attitude of the free yeoman in England in the days of James II, when the ‘Whig party came first into being. James, he said, sought to impose his ideas of morality upon individuals and sent out Lord Chief Justice Jeffreys on what was known as the “Bloody Assizes.” “Within four weeks,” said Mr. Beck, ‘Jeffrey had tried and convicted over 1,200 men and women, and even chil- dren. Of course, this is not a record for efficiency, 8s compared with our Government in the matter of prohibi- tion, for last year, according to the re- port of our able Attorney General, thare were terminated 56,455 criminal pros- ecutlions under the Volstead law. Jef- freys, therefore, only converted free Englishmen into criminals at the rate of 300 a week, whereas our benign Government is indicting the American people at the rate of 1,000 a week.” Mr. Beck maintained that there is in the hearts of Americans of all genera- tions “a profound instinct.| FEBRUARY 7, 1930. Parrot Fever Serum: Given in Baltimore To Check Disease By the Associated Press. | BALTIMORE, Md. February 7— | Dr. William Royal Stokes, director of the city health department’s bureau | of bacteriology, who is suffering from | peittacosis or parrot fever has been | given a serum made from the blood of a person who has recovered from the disease. The serum was administered yes- {ferday in the hope of shortening the period of the disease. Dr. C. Hampson Jones, health commissioner, said it was the first parrot fever serum to be made the department and the first, as far as he knew, to be administered in the State. It was made from the blood of one of the patients in Annapolis Who recovered some time 0. ngDrA Stokes became {ll more than a week ago after taking an active part in the fight of his department against the disease. During his in- vestigation of the malady he handled many_birds thought to be infected. 1 safeguarded by constitutional limita~ tions or not, there is a limit to the power of government to regulate private conduct.” He insisted that even an amendment to the Constitution did not foreclose controversy upon any subject. He said: “We are constantly reminded by the fanatical drys that to question the wis- dom of the eighteenth amendment is a challenge _to the Constitution itself. I deny it. They would not think so if the conditions were reversed. Suppose—and it is a faneiful supposition—that the eighteenth amendment read that the manufacturé and use of alcoholic bev- erages should be encouraged, and that every citizen was commanded by its terms to drink an alcoholic beverage once & day. Would the fanatical dry, in that event, have the same feeling as to the sanctity of the Constitution and its infallible wisdom? Would they not argue, as the wets now argue, that such | an amendment goes beyond the fair | province of government? Certainly, the leaders of prohibition showed scant re- spect for the Constitution when they wrote this illegitimate amendment into that noble instrument and thus de- stroyed its perfect symmetry and turned a wise compact of government into a mere police code.” Progress Marked by Revolts. Mr. Beck said that the political progress of the human race has been marked by revolts against unjust and oppressive laws, and that it is signifi- cant that in the long run the spirit of the individual has been triumphant. Rome, the greatest empire in the world 2,000 years ago, tried vain to stamp out a little group who were proposing to the world a new religion. Eventually the Roman Emperor Constantine abandoned the effort to suppress Christianity, but actually raised the cross as the con- quering symbol of the Roman Empire. ‘The most ruthless governments the world_has seen, that of Russia under the Crzars d of Russia under the Soviet, have failed to make prohibition effective in that country, Mr. Beck said, even though the people had accepted despotic rule in other respects as a matter of course. “It was Edmund Burke said Mr. Beck, “who said that you could not indict a people, but he might have gone further and said that you can- not indict a substantial portion of the people. The fact that, after 10 years of enforcement, with the e: of hundreds of millions of dollars and a ghastly sacrifice of many lives, the prohibition law is still largely unen- forced damns it beyond any defense, and the only remedy suggested by the f!mlemln from New Jersey proves its futility.” Holds People Are Loyal. Mr. Beck defended the American people from the charge of lawlessness which has been hurled against them frequently. “If a law has any reasonable justi- fication,” he said, “or is even within the reasonable province of then the American peopl to it as any other people, but they re- fuse to beiieve that a law is either in- fallible or omnipotent.” He said that the American people themselves have never directly placed prohibition in the Constitution, but ‘We must | that Congress and the State legisla had accomplished that. “The people have never had an op- portunity to pass upon the question,” said Mr. Beck. He admitted that per- haps a-majority of the people would favor it. “It matters not to me if they do,” he declared, “for the reserved rights of the individual under the higher law of human liberty are not dependent upon fleeting majorities.” Mr. Beck continued that an increas- ing number of Americans are turning away from prohibition and no longer believe in it after the practical test it has had in 10 years. Making Nation of Hypocrites. Discussing the effect of prohibition upon the American people, Mr. Beck said he did not care if it was making them a few per cent more efficient and wealthy. He said it was making them & nation of hypocrites. “That is has not increased their re- Lpe'c)v;‘ mrl "l‘?w,;un‘lw“)lt. Beck, “which vital spirit of any government, must be conceded, but u'“u of far greater consequence that has organized our country upon a vast scale of collective hypocrisy, and, like a cancer, this spirit of double-dealing is eating away the moral fiber of the American people. The more you try to enforce it, the greater the spread f h The ition of hypocrisy. proposed addif to the Volstead law will have as little effect as putting a mustard plaster on @ cancer. It will not cure the cancer— h the body politic.” e i = Breaking Down Relations. r. Beck told the House that prohibi- tion was breaking down the relsunnv of the States to the Federal Government and that it was making of the States POUND SUGGESTS REWRITING LAWS Would Define Petty Liquor Offenses in Volstead and Jones Acts. By the Associated Pres A suggestion that it might be ‘is to rewnite the Volstead and Jones saws to prevent district attorneys threatening dry violators with m: drastic punishment, was made today by Roscoe Pound. of the Law Enforce- ment Commission before a House ju-| diciary subcommittee. Pound and Chairman Wickersham of the National Law Enforcsment Com- mission were before th> committee at final hearings on the Christopherson bills, to give United States commission- ers the power to try minor violations of the dry laws, Wickersham did not testi- fy, but listened closely to the proceed- ings. Under questioning by Representative Christopherson, Republican, South Da- kota, chairman o: the group, Pound, who is dean of the Harvard Law School, made the suggestion as his personal opinion and not as that of the Crime Commussion, Can Threaten Violaiors. Pound said the measures, one of which would define slight or casual dry law offenses, and the other, which would authorize commissioners to make find- ings and accept pleas of gulity, had been attacked on the ground that they per- mitted the district attorneys to threaten violators with the Jones law if they did not plead guilty. The Jones law extends the maximum penalty for dry law vio- lations to five years in prison and 8, $10,000 fine. The attacks should be directed, Pound said, against the na- tional prohibition and Jones laws. He added that the district attorneys had the implied power now and used it in so-called “bargain days” in the Fed- eral Courts, but that he felt it would be better to clarify the statutes. How- ever, he said, from a standpoint of im- proving procedure, the Volstead and Jones acts be rewritten to pre- vent the district attorneys from threat- ening grand jury indictment as a felony to force an accused to sentence as & petty offender, without a jury trial. Appeared Two Mornings. i ‘The hearings were concluded after Pound had spent two mornings explain- ing the measures to the committee. Christopherson said they would be taken up for consideration early next week, but that he did not expect them to be :emmd to the full committee for some In the course of the hearings, Repre- sentative Tucker, Democrat, Virginia, said that in his opinion if the casual and slight offenses were defined defi- nitely as petty cases, “and since petty offenses are not crimes,” e would be no question about doing away with the jury trials. He added that petty cases did not demand jury trials. Pound said the commission’s recom- mendation had followed the practice of the States in dealing with petty cases. DISTRICT OFFICIALS TO BE CALLED FOR BUDGET HEARINGS | (Continued From First Page.) judges we have already are working harder down there than this record shows they are.” Justice Stafford explained that he | had been ill and Rlumcdhlfi the bench | contrary to law for them to sit after 12| noon on Saturdays. They said that In| some :lvg_ m mlu:h! research work was require fore a judge was pre- pared to render his decision, with which Representative Simmons agreed, re- minding them that he is a lawyer him- | self. He emphasized that the subcom- mittee is not endeavo: to the | referring to selection of Crosby, HODVER T0 MANE CROSBY 10 OARD White House = Announces President Is Satisfied With Selection of Officer. (Continued From First Page) Army officer was needed t “clean it up® It was explained that tne aresident is ambitious to have the Nation's Capi- tal a model in all respects, its Police Department included, for the rest of the country. He is inclined to think ‘hat the police and traffic departments could be boistered up somewhat to bing about more desirable conditions, but he certainly is not of the opinion that organized crime is rampant here. He was vepresented further as being of the opinion that a capable, strong officer could bring about improvemen in both the police and traffic depa ments, and there is no doubt in h! mind that Gen. Crosby, beeause of h long training in the Aim; and, s recognized capacity as a leader "and disciplinarian, is the man o make the:« improvements. By way of further explanation. it was said in behalf of the President today that he did not choose Gen. Crosby without consulting others ir.terested in the welfare of the .Capital City, Senate Debates Appointment. Appointment of Gen. Crosby was de- bated in the Senate yesterday after- noon, with Senator Cole Blease, Demo- crat, of South Carolina, defending the selection, and Senator Copeland, Dem- ocrat, of New York, calling attention to the possibilities of the city being under military rule. Senators Blease and Copeland both are members of the District committee, which will consider the nomination when it is sent to the Senate. The dis- cussion was one incident in a speech by Senator Blease, in the course of which he reviewed his former asser- tions regarding the prevalence of crime in Washington and atacked Supt. of Police Pratt. “I am not a defender of the present President of the United States from any standpoint,” Senator Blease ] when he s right I' shall always back him up with my voice and my vote, and I think this is one time when he .| is eminently correct.” Senator Copeland inquired if ‘the Senator from South Carolina wanted the President to name another major general as Commissioner. “If they will give us a clean city, I do not care if they make Hoover him- self the commander in chief of the whole business,” Blease replied. “Is there no impression in the Sena- tor's mind about the law that two of the Commissioners must be civilians?” Senator Copeland continued. g “I understand this man will be & civilian after March 21,” was Blease's answer, “Then there is no President showd not a) major general, who later,” Copelarzd went on. of the South Carolinian. “Then we will have the city under military rule,” Senator Copeland observed. “I hope we will, if necessary, to ha Senator Blease, with the New Yorker. Senator Blease said he had with astonishment a few days ago that the number of White House guards was to be increased, and suggested that if necestary he furnish a company , | of South Carolinians to guard the White House. The South Carolina Senator sald he had on several occasions called atten- tion “to the crime inkthis and have been unable to get any whatever.,” Further on in his Senator Blease declared that “ e is rampant in Washington while Pratt sits serenely on his throne.” Refers to Chinatown. Senator Blease, who has frequently work of the court by numi of cases it disposes of. Criticism Is Sharp. An extract from the stenographic re- Bess ‘o "the "criiclm. Gvected at-the ness of af Justices: Mr. Thatcher (Representative Thatch- er of Kentucky)—Now, has there been any discussion in your court as to whether you need additional courts? Justice Stafford—If there were 10 Jjudges working all the time 'y could not keep up with the current business. Mr. Simmons—Not if they did not work any more than this table indi- cates the present judges do. Stressing the fact that each year they are asked to approve increased appro- priations for more juries, members of the committee asked if under such cir- cumstances with the dockets far behind in civil cases and a yes matter that does look short. Mr. Simmons—It is short! Justice Stafford—But I would like to see you go down there and hold court and undertake to do much more with the bar here and the witnesses. Five Hours Per Day. Mr. Simmons said the time-table he held had been placed in the hands of the Department of Justice. He sug- gested that each judge should sit at least five hours a day, and in reply to a question by Justice Siddons empha- siudhthll he meant actually “on the bench.” Mr. Simmons also confronted the Su- preme Court justices with the testimony “little more than police provinces.” ~The indissoluble union of m:su'ucuble States” he said has become little more than a rhetorical phrase, He drew a distinction between the clauses of the Constitution that in themselves are a mandate to Congress and those which are a merely delega- tlon to Congress of power to do & thing. He sald that the Constitution grants to Congress many powers but often leaves to the Congress the question of the manner of their exercise. The second section of the Eighteenth Amendment, he said, shows that it is not self-enforcing, for it vests in Con- |} gress and the several States concurrent power to enforce the article by appro- priate legislation. He pointed out that the Constitution had given the Federal Government, through congressional en- actment, the right to control interstate commerce, but that for a century, the People were satisfied that the commerce power of the Constitution should not be exercised by affirmative legislation. Each generation, Mr. Beck sald, can deter- mine for itself whether they will pass afirmative legislation to enforce the eighteenth amendment. He continued: “Even if this were not so, Congress could, without any violation of the Con- stitution, reach the conclusion that the method of enforcement and the actual enforcement of the eighteenth amend- ment were best left to the States. “The American people often think slowly, but smrely. They are boo wise not to acknowledge a demonstrated error. Above all, tl have not lost that, whether it is little thelr Tove of mmviaumxberw and mi; i jealousy of gflmmcnu Rey do ne; in their own good time, end the “Witches' Sabbath” of moral dema- goguery, hypocrisy and corruption, then I have much misjudged the character of the American people. “Unless we are prepared to vindicate that primal liberty of & man to order his own life. we should tear down the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor, ' da; for at the moment and in this nrg‘u_pecc., more than a brazen of judges of the Police Court that they handle 95 per cent of the criminal busi- ness of the District of Columbia and the Municipal Court judges that they han- dle approximately 95 per cent of the civil cases. Both Justices Stafford and Siddons admitted that this was probably true, calling attention to the fact that some months the. grand jury returns about 300 criminal indictments and that the municipal courts handle only civil cases involving amounts up to $1,000. In re- ply Representative Simmons check- mated with the statement that two judges of the Municipal Court told him t they: could handle cases up to $3,000 or $5,000 without any additional force and clean up the docket. At this point another extract from the steno- graphic report is pertinent: Justice Siddons—They are very un- usual men and should be encouraged. Mr. Simmons—I understand they are having opposition there from the of Appeals or from your court. Justice Siddons—Our court! We have nothing to do with ft. Justice Stafford—There is no appeal to our court. Two Years Behind. Frank E. Cunningham, clerk of the District Supreme Court, asked how far behind the court was in its work, said that it is two years behind in jury trials of civil cases and about one year be- hind in trial of civil cases. The steno- graphic_report continues: Mr. Simmons—Why cannot they be tried? ‘The judges are there and the Jjuries are there. Cunningham—Because they can- not reach them. They are cases that have accumulated. t Mr. Simmons—TI understand that, but if the judges are there and willing to work the length of time necessary and e Gummingham (interpostog)—Oh, . Cunn! m (inf Ing) 3 if the )udn:“ would work 12 hours a Lol Mr. Simmons (Interrupting Mr. Cun- Let us stay referred to Washington's Chinatown in es, turned to this sub- previous speech Ilm again yesterday when he raised the Tollowing uestion: “I would like to have an Investi- gation of another thing while we are having these investigations. If it cost $16,000 to kill three men in a certain Chinese dive here, I would like to know who got the money and why those men who did the kill have never been brought to justice and why this crime was hidden. The authorities might also find out to whom that money was ?Ild and for what purpose it was . do not know how they arrived at the figure of $16,000. to have been It looks like it ought $5,000 apiece, but perhaps the extra $1,000 was for burial ex- i Senator Blease , whether from the BAND CONCERT. By the United States Soldiers’ Home Military Band Orchestra tomorrow eve- ning at 5:30 o'clock; John 8., M, Zim~ mermann, bandmaster; Anton Pointner, assistant leader. March, “The Crusader”. «Sousa Overture, “Masaniello” . Auber Nocturne, “An Ancient Moun Legend” . . .Elie Scenes from ‘Cavalle) Rusticana” Fox trot, & Srtize Waltz sulte, “Gold and Silver’ ,u’r Finale, “Happy Because I'm in Youmasns “The Star Spangled Banpne® Retired Telegrapher Dead. CUMBERLAND, Md, February 7 (Special).—John F. Campbell, 76, re- tired Baltimore & Ohilo railroad teleg- rapher, died yesterday on his farm at Campbell's station on the Western Maryland Railway, west of this city, He ?w and is survived by two sons, John Campbell, this city; four daugh- ters, Mrs. Warren Kaskamp, this_city; Mrs. Chrissie Wells, Davenport, Iowa: Miss Marion Campbell, Baltimore, and a fourth daughter, residing at Niagara Falls. James Campbell, Takoma Park, D. C, is his brother. opera, range of common sense. Nobody is ;kln: the judges to work 12 hours a '%hn lawyers in Washington often surrendered part of Tt | order to get the case into the Muniei- pal Court instead of the Supreme Court, 50 as to get it disposed of more quickly, was interjected at this xom by Chair- man Simmons, who said he was so in- formed by a lawyer. He had likewise been informed that often lawyers com- promised cases because they get tired of waiting for the case to be tried in Supreme Court. Justices Stafford and Siddons protest- ed that the justices in the Supreme Court_are doing all that is humanly poulblewelemupmdocknanr':ry cases, and pointed out that very n in civil cases and sometimes in erim- point it was suggested that s":t:a nmbne::y:‘ ““'{.’, )l:lu not & suf- clent numl sufficlent jo sistants, £ Y Chairman Simmons said that if the delinquency resulted from the United States attorney’s office he would lo- down in_the cate it, ‘ “I hope he will,” was the terse reply