Evening Star Newspaper, May 19, 1929, Page 28

THE EVENING 'STAR ___With Sunday Morning Edition. _ WASHINGTON, D. C. BUNDAY.. .. May 19, 1929 RE W. NOYES. ... Editor THE The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Ofce | 11, <yivania Ave. New York Offce: 110 East 47nd ‘St. Chicago Office: Lake Michignn Building. Eurcpean Office: 14 Rexent St London, England Rate by Carrier Within the City. The Evenine Star er month The Evening and Sunday Star Avs) .o 60c per month d Sunday Star 5 65¢ per month b ¢ per copy | fie e of cach menth. by mail or telephone Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. 1 mo. 85 Canada. 1 mo 1mo. 1 o Ls100 | e | Daile ‘and Sunday..1 1 soc | Dails oniy Sunday only ... ) epi F patches cradited fo it or not «thervise crr ited in this paper and also jhe local ne piblished berein. All rights <f publication ef dispatches herein a™ also reserved. The Visiting Liliarians. For the fourth time since its birth, in 1876, the American Library Associa- tion has met in Washington. During the week just closed the Capital again has had the privilege of being host to the hundreds of men and women, repre- | senting thousands of others, who are | raembers of this organization and the Dbodles afiliated with it in the impor- tant task of making the library the real | instrument for adult education in Amer- | ica. The progress that is being made | in this direction cannot be considered | as altogether intangible, when it is con- sidered that there were only one hun- | dred and one registered delegates at the | first meeting of the American Library Association fifty-two years ago, and that twenty-eight hundred delegates registered for the convention last week, with upward of three thousand actually in attendance, They represented a membership of more than eleven thousand, and the sixty different units of the association, | bill when that measure comes over from | the House. | deal fairly with the farmer, they may and perhaps to weeks of debate in the Senate. In the meantime, the farm re- lief bill would have gotten nowhere. The overwhelming vote in the House yesterday is a fair indication that de- | benture in the end must go out of the | farm relief bill. If that course is fol- | lowed the final approval of a farm relief bill by President Hoover seems assured. A beginning of farm relief will at last have been made. over, however. Politics will continue to play & part with efforts on the part of the Democrats, generally speaking, to hamstring the administration. The tariff bill is likely to provide a vehicle for still another fight over the deben- ture plan. Senators supporting that plan have already insisted that if it is not retained in the farm bill they will add it as an amendment to the tariff In that event, the temper of the House will again be tested on this fssue. If the Republicans from the the new tariff bill as finally drafted be expected to continue to support the President in his opposition to the de- benture plan. 1If, on the other hand, these Republicans from farm States consider that the farmers have been given the short end in the revision of the tariff, they may support debenture. If they do so, and debenture be written into the tariff bill, Mr. Hoover will have to decide whether he wishes to approve the measure contalning that sore spot or to veto it and possibly kill .the tariff bill, e r—e— - Vindication of a Policy. Tacna and Arica have come to mean far more in the United States than the names of two rather barren provinces, intrinsically of little value, that lie be- tween Chile and Peru, on the west coast of South America. They have come to symbolize the de- sire, on the part of the United States, for friendly interposition in the affairs of our Latin American neighbors who ask for it; & policy that contains a fair amount of dynamite if there is bungling, but one that is founded on enough prac- tical altruism to make it succeed under in addition to the various sections and such affiliated, but independent, groups as the Special Libraries Association, | which also met, are indicative of the | breadth and scope of the subjects dis- | cussed. Such growth can be attributed | only to a demand that calls for the establishment of more libraries, the en- largement of existing library facilities and the creation of new fields of service for the library and the librarian. The meeting this year was the largest ever held in point of attendance and one of its features was the interesting and instructive commercial exhibition which received the praise of the visitors. Much of the credit for making the complicated | arrangements for the smooth function- | ing of the convention was given, in formal resolutions adopted yesterday at the closing session, to the local com- mittee, of which Dr. George F. Bower- man was chairman. This is, naturally, a source of pleasure to the community that has known Dr. Bowerman since he became identified with the District Pub- lic Library in 1904, just two years after the occupancy of the Central Library Building, and who has taken such a conspicuous part in its subsequent growth and development. That this growth and development have not been all that they should be, and that the Public Library system here reaches only about a third of the city population, are understandable facts to those of us who live and learn in the | Nation's Capital. And it is to be hoped that Dr. Bowerman, who for a quarter of a century has been overcoming his difficulties one by one, did not fail to make the facts clear to the visiting| librarians in their fleeting glimpse last | week of how their Government main- | tains its Capital City. T — A dirigible is regarded by many aero- | nauts as a rather unwieldy craft whose | trip may be regarded as a success if, in case of apprehension, it can turn | around and get back to where it started | from. S S L The world has an abundance of me- chanfeal and scientific genius, but there | 15 & marked depletion in the supply of | safety-first experts. i S Debenture Hits Snag. The debenture plan of farm relief ran into trouble in the House yester- day. By a vote of 249 to 119 the House | sent the bill to conference, after dis- agreeing to the Senate amendment, which provides the debenture plan as well as for other less important changes | in the House bill. While this vote was | not a direct vote on debenture, it never- theless gave a clear indication that the | House is standing firmly with Mr.| Hoover in his desire not to have the | farm bill burdened with a plan which | skillful management. The announcement that Chile and Peru have settled their differences over Tacna and Arica, therefore, means more than the settlement of their pri- vate squabble of forty-six years' dura- tion. The announcement contains & vindication of our policy in Latin Amer- fea. It should be received as such. More than once during the friendly attempts of the United States to bring Chile and Peru back to speaking terms and to settle the argument over the provinces lying between them this Na- tion’s policy seemed on the point of blowing up in a dense cloud of acrid smoke, with resulting damage not only to ourselves, Chile and Peru, but to sur- rounding territory as well. More than once there was demonstrated the the- ory that it is better to mind one’s busi- ness at home than to meddle in the af- fairs of one’s neighbors. For since 1922, when the representatives of Chile and ‘The fight s not yet | farm States believe that the rates of | i | scientific value of the experiment. crew the Zeppelin was brought to earth at Toulon at eight o'clock at night. It takes only a short look into events of the past few years to demonstrate the menacing effects of the elements upon the huge gas bags that furnish the supporting power for lighter-than-air ships. No one will ever forget the | tragedy of the Shenandoah, which, caught in a gale over Ohio, split in half and cost many valuable lives. Nor will any one ever forget the tragic fate of those aloft in-dirigibles when the huge bags catch fire and with their human freight dash to the ground. On the Graf Zeppelin's previous trip to America it was severely damaged while over midocean by strong winds, and it required heroic measures on the part of the crew to effect repairs. More than four days was required for ths flight from Germany to the United States, and while it was an achieve- ment hailed throughout the world with acclaim, the danger, the ripping of the fin, and the slow time caused the in- evitable question to arise as to the I Except with the use of helium, & non-inflammable gas, which is exceed- ingly expensive and difficult to secure, dirigibles are at the mercy of both fire and the elements. In addition to these hazards they require hangars of enormous size and a ground crew num- bering four or five hundred persons for the take-off and landing. And the old axiom, “The bigger they are, the harder they fall,” seems to apply particularly to ships of this type because the larger they are made the more unwieldy they seem to become. Dr. Eckener is unquestionably the greatest living dirigible designer. To him must go the lion's share of credit for the development of this type of ship and the Graf Zeppelin, with its use of “blau gas” for fuel—a gas that weighs no more than air—Iis his latest contribution to aviation. Yet despite his genius and the modernity of the big ship it was nearly the story of a tragedy that was written of this ven- ture instead of merely a failure. Un- doubtedly man will find a way to con- quer the air both with flying machines and dirigibles. There have boen notable failures with both, but for the present. at least, with its ability to maneuver and speed. the alrplane seems to be forging ahead faster than its sister ship, the dirigible. H ———— The wholesale deadliness now to be expected in battle will make “another war” impossible, unless the world blunders into an epidemic of utter in- sanity. ————————— In a well guarded jail Al Capone will doubtless bs less fearful of atten- tion from gang men than he has been for a number of years. e It will require some discerning elo- quence to convince the rural populace | that “debenture” may, after all, prove only another name for “gold brick.” ——mte—— Social precedence is now mentioned by physicians as rather dangerous in Peru met here in Washington and ask- ed President Harding to arbitrate their dispute, our efforts have been a series of ups and downs. They were on the ups when Chile and Peru agreed to the processes of arbitration. But they seem- ed on the downs when the arbitrator's decision was handed down, calling for a plebiscite to declde the nationality of the provinces in dispute. They seemed on the ups when the decision was apparently accepted, but they went to the lowest depths when Gen. Pershing and his advisers endeavored to make acceptable to both parties the procedure so low, indeed, that the United States of cementing friendship between Chile and Peru, had torn. these two nations | farther apart than ever and added fuel to the flames of their antagonism. But last July, after many quiet and persevering attempts, former Secretary Kellogg induced the two countries "’N re-establish diplomatfe relations. That much accomplished, he urged them to settle their own quarrel through direct negotiation. These negotiations were ! undertaken last September, the State Department offering its good offices to facilitate them. The announcement of yesterday indicates success, although success will only be written with the ratification and signature of a treaty, putting on paper the agreement by which Chile will take Arica and Peru will take Tacna. The course of this treaty may not run smooth. But the to safety and security. Bolivia, which had hoped to buy or otherwise obtain at least a portion of the provinces in dispute, thus giving her | an outlet to the sea, is left as far away from the ocean as she ever was. But Bolivia must be patient. If she stands quietly by until the national honor of he considers unsound. It sig- nificant that only four Republican | members of the House joined with the Democratic opposition, which was In-| sisting upon an opportunity to vote upon the debenture instead of follow- Jowing the ordinary course of sending | the bill to conference. One of those Republicans, Mr. La Guardia of New | York, has no great love for the deben- | ture. His opposition to a special rule | sending the bill to conference arose from the fact that he believed the Sen- ate had violated the constitutional pre- rogatives of the House when it added a drbenture clause to the bill. While Re- was both Chile and Peru has been satisfied, either or both of these countries may be only too willing to sell or to give away & white elephant, or parts thereof. that has caused entirely too much trouble piready. s If Harry Sinclair had aspirations as a motion picture player, he might be more willing to take his publicity and allow his management to make dates with the camera men. RS The Zeppelin® Failure. Although there are probably just as many lighter-than-air enthusiasts as in conducting the plebiscite. They went | And since the aeroplane appeared, wes pictured as a bungler who, instead | Those whom those charming cherubs chances are that it will eventually leld‘ | publican lines were holding firm in sup- | there are supporters of heavier-than-air port of the President’s contention, four- teen Democrats, among them the rank- craft, the news that the Graf Zeppelin | had been forced to turn back to Ger- mg members of the committee on agri- | many on its attempted fiight to the culture, cast their votes in favor of the | United States and that a safe landing special rule. | was made only with the greatest dif- The House Republican leaders de- | ficulty is disturbing in its significance termined not to raise the constituticnal | to both classes of the now air-minded question in vegard to the debenture. | people of the world. Dispatches relate The House followed their lead and con- | that Dr. Hugo Eckener, the gifted genius tented itself with calling attention to|in the development of passenger: the fact that there was a debatable | ing dirigibles, faced the greatest peril question in this issue, and declaring that | of his brilliant career on the trip which the action of the House in receiving the | has just ended in ignominious faflure farm bill from the Senate with the de- | in France. At various times four motors benture clause must not be considered | of the five on the Zeppelin broke down a precedent. In other words, they left |and Dr. Eckener found himself fighting up in the air the question whether the | winds of gale proportions in his attempt debenture clause violates the provision ! to return to the starting point. Buffeted | stand by while the Senate deliberates, of the Constitution which declares that ' this way and that and unable to land all revenue-raising legislation must | because of lack of adequate control, the originate in the House. Members of | German commander, with the safety of the House themselves were divided on | eighteen passengers and forty-one of this issue. Had the House leaders un- | the crew in his keeping, was in a pre- | | they concluded the Coast Guard and causing loss of appetite. — et SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON.! H In the Clouds. Two cherubs smiled across a cloud. ‘The artist lent them grace, And still we look with feelings proud Upon each winsome face, But to maturity they grew, Through many years agone, And they have had grandchildren, too, | ‘To help us carry on. In gratitude we vow, reared Are aviators now. Waliving the Question. “Are you & politician?” “Don’t ask me,” rejoined Senator Sorghum. “To be a successful politician you must often be able to disguise your | identity as such. | | Jud Tunkins says one of the troubles of farm relief is that there are too many farmers who don’t know how to farm. | The Market Tout. ‘The market tout is still a joke, As words of wisdom he'll begin— ‘The man who has himself gone broke Can always tell you how to win. On With the Dance! “Do you dance?” “Sometimes, saild Miss Cayenne. “Other times I simply submit politely to being dragged around.” “He who knows too much about the | business of others,” said Hi Ho, the | sage of Chinatown, “may find that Knowledge is not Power, but Weak- ness.” Oratory. The orator's the proudest Of men that Nature notes; And he who hollers loudest May get the “mostest” votes. “I goes to church every Sunday,” said Uncle Eben, “an’ I gits de benefit of knowin' dat it ain’ no use of startin’ an’ argument ‘bout what you don’t fully | understand.” Its Duty. From the Haverhill Evening Gazette Tariff makers probably failed to pro- vide duties on imports of liguor because porder patrol are doing all that is nec- | essary to encourage domestic distilleries | and breweries. TS R Europe Not So Poor. From the Lansing State Journal The peak of automobile export to Eu- | rope is reported. What with export | costs, duties and 50-cent gasoline the poverty of Europe doesn't appear to be in for any rapid alleviation. .o Muzzles More Appropriate, Prom the Toledo Blade. Several masked tenors are featured | where muzzles would be more appropri- | ate. Copeland Expects Fight. 2 From trne Yakima Morning Herald. Copeland, who wants a doctor —— to must be expecting a big fight over some- ‘ thing. i —_— - Not Fair to Jungle. From the Indiananolis News. The lecturer who s; ®ossip is a sur-s EVERYDAY RELIGION BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL: D, Bishop of “Hope we have as an anchor of the soul” (Hebrews, vi.19). G| Anchor.” We are ever anticipating our tomor- | Our todays witness to the fulfill- | Soul’s or disappointment of our yester- | All our lifetime we are projecting ves into the future. That. “Hope springs eternal in the human reast, “Man never is, but always to be blessed,” —is axiomatically true. As long as we have hope there is promise of fulfill- ment. When hope ceases, when we can see nothing shead and the horizon is | restricted and darkened, zest of life is gone and we begin to die. 'We may be utterly illogical and unreasonable in our expressed expectations, there may be nothing to assure us that what we hope for will be ours, yet we refuse to aban- don our expectations. Hope is both the tonic and the anchor of the soul. An anchor has a large and useful purpose and is indispensable, especially in time of stress and storm. No ship would sail the seven seas without one. It affords a sense of security and fre- quently guarantees safety. That hope is the anchor of the soul is demonstra- bly true. It holds us true to our ex- pectations as well as our convictions. To believe in the outworking of some definite plan in which we play an essen- tial part, to feel and know there are unused and undeveloped botentialities within us that, when tested, may give us our largest opvortunity for service, is stimulatin, nd inspiring. The old maxim that “we never know what we can do until we try” has its genesis in_hope. Efficient living proceeds from the consciousness that there are gifis and qualities within us that, given their op- portunity and called into action, will disclose their power and usefulness. It is not, however, in the realm of things materfal, in the attainment of for- tune and success, that hope plays its largest part. It is in the realm of things spiritual. Hope as an anchor of the soul implies deep and unchanging | conviction: it suggests fixity of belief. W ashington of the great Apostle St. Paul three things were needful. faith, hope and love. We cannot believe it was without design that he places ‘hope between faith and love. It is conceivable that | & man may have faith without hope. Faith gives no guarantee of immunity from misfortune. Indeed, it is fre- quently made strong by stern experi- ence. Hope is the element that, when misfortunes or disasters come, holds us fast to our ideals and inspires us with be on the morrow. No life is immune breaking sorrow. These are the com- | mon experience of all men, and the | only thing that gives promise of better da: is_a steadfast and unchanging e One wonders what the world would be without it. Where tempta- | tions assail and we yield to their al- |lurrmrnls our defeat would be com | plete were it not that we believe we m: “rise on stepping stones of our dead selves to higher things.” Darkened would be the pathway of | that man who, in his hour of trial and | fallure, felt no assurance that another | day would see him unyielding and tri- umphant. It is only where men see in- scribed above the door they enter, “They leave all hope behind who enter here,” that the zest of life fails them and they see nothing but shadows ahead. When sorrows attend our way and death in- vades the sacred circle of the home the only thing that brings light in the dark- ness is & hope founded in an unfailing trust. It is this that holds us fast and makes us serene in the face of over- whelming sorrow. Never in all our life's experience does the anchor of hope mean more to us than in such a situa- tion. It is hope unshifting and un- changing in the life and ministry of Him who is the Rock of Ages. Belief In a power, not of ourselves, that makes for righteousness, is the sus- taining_and comforting assurance of life. The writer of the Epistle to the | Hebrews speaks of the anchor of the soul as entering within the veil “whither the forerunner is for us entered, even Jesus.” It is upon His supreme life and teaching that the anchor of hope lays hold. It is the consciousness that all Without such security life drifts and | we are and hope to be is secured to us its objective is imperiled. To the mind | by our union with Him. Democrats Skillfully Move For Coming BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘The Democrats are maneuvering with considerable skill toward the next con- presidential campaign, as things look in Washington at this week end. The plunge of the Democrats in the Senate into the “export debenture” ad- venture is mere by-play. There is not golng to be any “export debenture” law on the statute books of the United Stat nor is there going to be any “export debenture” issue in the Demo- cratic platforms of the future. ‘The President himself has just shown what an “export debenture,” or export bounty, will do. The recent reductions of railroad freight rates on export wheat from the interfor to the seaboard were in essence an export bounty. What was the consequence? The world saw a lot of American surplus wheat getting artificially propelled into the ~world market, and the world price of wheat dropped downward at an accelerated pace. Every open artificial stimulus given to the export of American wheat pro- duces a panicky impulse in Canada and in the Argentine to sell wheat to Europe cheaper, and produces thereupon a bear market in the wheat pit in Liverpool and an abrupt decline in the ultimate price gained by the American producer. This demonstration of the practical effect of an export bounty has sprinkled | a lot of cold wa'er on the enthusiasm for it in Washington and the slender chance that the “export debenture” once had for a continued political life in the struggle between our two parties has been drastically narrowed and shortened. If the plan survives to the end of this Summer and of this special session of the Congress, it will have served all its immediate political pur- poses and will then be interred among the memories of hopeful notions not vet effectively worked out for actual practical application. Its disappearance, however, will not save the Republicans from being ener- getically attacked and pressed by the Democrats in 1930 and 1932. ‘The demise of the Democrats as a_political force in Washington and in the coun- try has been much exaggerated. The policy pursued by the Democrats in relation to the new tarlff bill is one of great finesse and adroitness. Out of that bill it is perfectly \possible that the Democrats may find an extremely telling and persuasive paramount issue | in the years immediately now to come. It has been widely stated and be- lieved that the tariff has ceased to be a point of difference between the two parties. The most profound and influ- ntial event of this special session is that the Democrats are giving the lie to that assertion, and are preparing themselves extremely make the tariff live again as the vital issue in American politics. A few months ago there was & pos- sibility that the bulk of the leading Democrats in the House of Representa- tives would actually vote in favor of | the new proposed tariff bill, and would thus bury the tarifl as 2 mark of dis- tinction between the two political party organizations. That possibility has now been thoroughly erased, and the tariff is on is way fo & new lease of life on the American political scene. An extremely large number of Demo- crats, it is true, will demand duties— and high duties—on the commodities produced in their districts. They will say to the Republicans: “Your principles require you to dis- tribute high duties impartially over all the products of the whole country, We therefore demand that you give us ours, r our constituents.’” T ey hen, nevertheless, in an_al- most unanimous mass, if present plans are not reversed, will vote against the bill as an entirety. They then will go to the country on either one of the two propositions, de- competent 0 | Election Issues Leave it now to us Democrats to pro- duce a really fair and equally sensible tarift wall.” That is one position that the Demo- | gressional elections and toward the next crats may take. The other is the one that in this special session has been | continuously maintained by numerous ! Democrats ‘among whom perhaps the most _philosophically analytical has been Representative Lozier of Missour |and the most practically political | creative has been Representative Hull | of Tennessee. Mr. Hull gathers con- verts and followers to himself increas- | ingly. He takes the view that a con- | sideration of the tariff should begin not with regarding international trade as an evil which should be repelled at our customhouses, but with regarding it as | a blessing which can be made to yield us prodigious wealth. He endeavors to demonstrate to all comers that no tarift | wall can benefit the bulk of our agri- | culture, which produces surpluses for | export, and that a lower tariff wall in general for the whole range of our commodities, agricultural and indus- trial, would enable us to push our ex- | ports up from five billion to ten billion dollars a_year, and would produce a vastly enhanced prosperity among us for farmers and business men and wage earners all together, Mr. Hull is the prophet of what might be called a “world trade promo- tion tariff.” He contends that if the Democratic party does not undertake to give the country such a tariff the Republican party will do so within six or eight years. Mr. Hull proposes to beat the Republicans to it. One way or another, either by trving to prove that the coming new tariff is unequal and unfair or by trying to prove that an entire new variety of tariff is needed, the Democrats are headed once more toward having an is- sue, They are preparing scissors, one blade at least of whith will cut. (Copyright, 1920.) e Threats to Prosperity Appear Very Remote BY HARDEN COLFAX. That “saturation point” in consuming demand which some prophets of the dark and dismal have foreseen as threatening American prosperity ap- pears remote, if indeed it appears at all, to the members of the committee on re- cent economic changes, whose report was made public Jast week after a study covering more than a year. “The conclusion is that economical- |ly we have a boundless field before us: that there are new wants which will make way endlessly for newer wan as fast as they are satisfled,” the com. mittee reports, adding this clincher: “We seem only to have touched the fringe of our potentialities.” But, warns the committee, there re- main important problems of leader- ship if our prosperity is to continue and expand. “Our complex and intricate economic machine can produce, but to keep it producing continuously it must be maintained in balance,” reads the report, emphasing that equilibrium “de- pends upon a general knowledge of the | relations of the parts each to the other” and asserting that “the organic balance | of our economic structure can be majn tained only by hard, persistent, intelli- gent effort; by consideration and ympathy; by mutual confidence and |by a disposition in the several human | parts to work in harmony together.” | There is much more than mere words in this report, which constitutes a big | contribution to the rapidly accumulat- 'Ing store of knowledge of where busi- ness, industry and, agriculture are jheaded. It is suppdrted by a huge }vnlnme of statistical and factual data {compiled by experts in the flield of ! economics. the assurance that better things are to 1o mistakes or misfortunes or heart- | on the circumstances of 1930 3 g;::‘dhlx;zu One of these propositions; Certainly no suspicion of political is at bottom a pro-tarifl proposition and | bias “can attach to the report of the the other at bottom is an anti-tariff | committee on recent economic changes, Dropesition, and the Democrats caleu- |for if the distinguished chairman of Pt that it will be hard luck indeed |that committee was Herbert Hoover, if neither of them is applicable and now President of the United States, an- usable. The chances certainly are tha' |oher of jts members was John J. Ras- one of the other can be brought into kob, chairman of the Democratic na- play. (Tect that this new tional committee. ¥ ect, th s new The first is to the e i e e NG tariff is going to be unfair to certain regions and to certain elements in the! Named to make one of the studics population. The American Farm Bi reau Federation and numerous repre- sentatives of official organized bor have already lodged emphatic com plaints against the bill in this respect. ‘They contend that certain highly im- portant agricultural products and in- dustrial products are being subjected (oi unfavorable discrimination. Agricultural representatives are not getting what they want on such things as casein, Industrial representatives are not get- ting what they want on_ such things as stained glass. Inequalltles, or ap- parent inequalitics, are going to exist, or can be made to seem to exist, pro- fusely throughout the bill. Senator Robinson of Arkansas, the Democratic leader in the Senate, who is second to nobody in grasping an economic politi- cal point and opportunity, will be able to “I sald in the last campaign that we Democrats ‘favor an equitable distri- bution of the benefits and burdens of the tariff among all’ This equitable distribution has not been accomplished. The new tariff law is a mass of dis- dertaken fo raise this question it would ' carious position. Finally through €0~ yival of the fungle isn't altogether falr criminations against some citizens and have Jed 0 .much dehate Jo {he Howse operatiop with an inesperienced ground to the jungles of spegial favors to ouer cligens. Toe growing out of the 1921 President's | conference on _unemployment, this { committee studied the period from 1922 |to 1929, during which, as all know. ! there have been many visible changes [in the United States. The distinctive character of these few years, the report asserts, “owes less io fundamental change than to intensified activity,” and with this statement destroys some | ot the illusions which have been hugged | closely to the breasts of those who awaken in midmorning and belleve the sun has just arisen. As a measuring rod of advances in | this country, ‘the report and its sup- porting detatied data provide summaries { which appeal to the imagination. Since 1922, primary production has increased 2.5 per cent each year; manu- i facturing, 4 per cent a year; transpor- (ation, 4 per cent; per capita produc- tivity in manufacture leaped forward 35 per cent between 1922 and 1925. Per capita consumption of food is decreasing—here's _another factor in the “farm problem"—due to less vigor- ous physical work as & people, better constructed bulldings. 5 o o il deecge, oo Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. House LeadsT Tilson, conspicuous in the public eye because he is the storm center of partisan politics and Republi- can partly policies in the House, is im- | pressing thoughtful observers by his | ! style of leadership, which differs quite | radically from that of predecessors, in | | that, while never “passing the buck” |and al in command, he shares re- sponsibilities with those of his col- leagues who have proved their special fitness. In this respect his long mili- tary training has been very helpful in picking his lieutenants, directing their efforts and preserving unified action {and morale of party forces for effictent and expeditious transaction of business. | Col. Tilson was an intimate friend | land close observer of the method of | {leadiership employed by the late James | | R. Mann of Tllinois, who probably kept | better informed on all legislative mat- | ters than any other man of his day in, | Congress. Representative Mann was not only leader of his party, but car- ried individually the whole load of re- sponsibility. He did it with remarkable | capability. but— Col. Tilson has a different method. He belleves in sharing the responsi- bility with those who are qualified to| assume it capably. When he was elect- | cd House leader, in his acceptance speech hie served notice that his col- | leagues must be prepared to work with him and not under him. He began immediately to call into conference men who, while not holding chairmanships of committees, were “natural leaders,” as he sized them up. He solicited, and insisted upon, chairmen of committees not only taking charge of legislation within the field covered by their com- mittee, but co-operating with him in keeping the legislative pregram moving steadily in the right direction. He has | found such help of incalculable value in geiting work done and the party pro- gram carried out. He belleves also that the office of House, unobtrusive, seldom heard on diplomacy, as well as for framing and directing the legislative program. In his handling of men he makes few mis- takes and cements strong persoral friendships. He works on the theory that a House leader’s duty is not to make himself “stick out,” but to de- velop the splendid ability of his col- leagues that oftentimes heretofore has been kept in the background and to encourage personal responsibility. He believes that under such a policy the whole country will benefit. Yet at all times he has his hand firmly on the leadership lever. His col- . regardless of party affiliation, respect him and have confidence in him, for he does not break faith with them, shirks no duty, keeps his word with sary alike and is always ready to talk it over and get the other fcllow's viewpoint. x* k% % i One of the most retiring men in the { House, unobstrusive, seldom heard on the floor, has a work to his credit that | few persons attribute to him. In these | days of revival of dramatic clubs one | of “the most popular plays of the sea- has been “My New Curate,” by anon Sheehan, Years before he came to Congress this book was dramatized by John J. Douglas of Boston, then active in the legal profession, who had been prominent in oratorical contests and dramatics while attending George- town University. * X Representative Emanuel Celler of {New York explained to his colleagues the other day and to many visitors to the National Capital who were occupy- ing_seats in the gallery how the streets | in Washington came to be named. He | said that when he first came here he | 'asked a little girl, “Why is it that | they letter the streets ‘A’ ‘B.’ etc.. or ‘First; ‘Second.’ etc., and so through abet and through the Arabic replied. “Don’t you 2" When he answered that hc did not she said, “Why, that is the only way we can teach these Congress- men the alphabet and how to count.” * % oK x Lo, the poor, humble, groundling pea- nut!’ It has been a bone of contention before the ways and means committee where a protective tariff has been urged to save the Southern peanut growers in every Southern Atlantic and Gulf State from Virginia to Texas from being wiped out by Chinese com- petition, Years ago some sailors took a bag of American-grown nuts to China and as a result, since 1914, they have been in serious competition with Amer- ican nuts. In 1922 there were 11,000,- 000 pounds imported and the amount increased steadily to 83,000,000 pounds in 1925. During the recent disturbances in China the cultivation of the peanut crop fell off, but the imports last year climbed back to 69,000,000 pounds. Congressmen have been impressed by the fact that the prevailing wage in China is from 10 to 15 cents per day and frequently less, and the crop is raised mostly by women and children on relatively small plots. These pea- nuts, raised by cheap labor, are brought | ing ships, and sold at San Francisco and Hampton Roads at 21 cents a pound. These are principally shelled | peanuts and only the large, select nut corresponding to the famous Virginia Jumbo, named for and made famous by the elephant in Barnum & Bailey's circus. According to the United States ‘Tariff Commission’s study the average cost of the corresponding domestic pea- nut is 11,68 cents per pound. More than 75 peanut farmers testifying be- fore the Tariff Commission placed the average yield in Virginia at 900 pounds per_acre. The Departments of Agriculture, Commerce and Labor are particularly interested in this contention over the peanut tariff—which shows into what prominence the lowly goober has come. * ok ok x | “It shall not pass!” is the watchword [ of ‘the United States Department of Agriculture guarding against an inva- sion of the dread foot-and-mouth disease, one of the world's most virulent live stock diseases. Practically every | member of Congress has received im- portant demands from constituents that the United States borders must be ade- quatcly guarded. The first line of defense, says Dr. John R. Mohler, chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, lies in a velerinary Inspection and quaran- tine service, In spitc of an imposing array of barriers this elusive disease has ob- tained a temporary foothold in the United States on nine occasions since 1870. “In view of the country’s exten- sive foreign commerce and the preva- lence of foot-and-mouth disease throughout the world,” Dr. Mohler ad- } vises Congress, “it is evident that there always will be danger of occasional appearances of the discase, especially at or near seaports. But we are using every reasonable precaution and are prepared to deal promptly with any outbreak that may occur. An occasional visitation should not be cause of undue alarm,” he warns, “but rather should suggest energetic, co-operative action to repulse again the thrust of the disease against our cherished live stock industr, longer span_ of life due to improved conditions of health does not compen- sate for the decrease in the -birth rate. Fewer children plus sharply restrict- ed immigration has slowed the rate of growth of the population and de- creasing labor supply means, perforce, substitution of mechanical power for manpower. Invention, gaining momentum, is steadily transferring the skill of the worker to wheels and levers of steel. Here arises the problem of the worker thrown out of employment through no fault of his own. For this displacement of workers by improved methods, the committee uses the term “technological unemployment” which it recognizes as a problem worthy of especial study, but it ‘points out ‘that new wants demand new industries or services which promise to absorb those whom Invention has forced to change occupations, (Copyrights 1029.0 CLEARING HOUSE FOR AIRPORTS BY FREDERIT J. H. Almost every city, town and village in | the United States which is large enough | to have a post office has decided, within ihe last few months if not earlier, that it ought to be on the air mail s The business of selling s America, or making Amer ca air-minded, or whatéver you wish to call the activi- | lishment comes first. The airway and the mail route may be considered more or less together by the interdepart- mental committee if it so desires, as the first regular use of an airway has usual- ly been for flying the air mail. Express |and passenger lines may, of course, established where there is no mail route, but in most cases, in the development ties led by Col. Lindbergh, has regis-|of our commercial air navigation, the tered apparently 100 per cent on the | mafl has been the pioneer in regular across the ocean as ballast in return- | point of popularizing the air mail. The | civic consciousness of the country has | more or less settled on this idea of get- ting Main street on the aerial map. And the Post Office Department at Wash- | ington is deluged with requests, peti- ! tions. arguments, proposals. pleas and | propaganda_from all corners of the Nation to “put our town on the air map.” Congressmen are receiving demands from the cities and towns in their dis- tricts, asking to know why they can- not have air mail service. Many of the cities of the country have built their own airports and others have privately owned landing fields. Others are willing | to provide the landing facilities if they n get an air mail route establiched. The land plants range all the way from aborate layouts of marked and lighted fields, hangars, service stations, passen- ger terminal buildings and all the trim- | mings of an airport, to mere open fields which used to be old man Brown's pas- ture, but are now referred to locally as Hicksville Alrport. ‘To meet the new flood of demands for air mail service, the Post Office Depart- ment and the Department of Com- merce have set up a joint committee in Washington. which will hold hearings by petitioners, and work out together the plans for extending the service. The | combined committee was needed be- }’cnus(z while the Post Office Depart- ! ment handles the mail and lets the | { air mall contracts, the Department of Commerce has charge of airways and airports, their inspection and approval, their lighting and marking. the weather forecast service connected with com- mercial flying. and all other govern- mental supervision of the business of air navigation. The interdepartmental committee on alrways wi therefore established, at the suggestion of President Hoover, who had observed the coming need for | such a committee while he was still Secretary of Commerce. The commit- tee is made up of three members from each of the two departments as fol- lows: From the Post Office Depart- ment, W. Irving Glover, Second Assist- ant Postmaster General; Chase C. Grove, Deputy Second Assistant Post- master General. and E. B. Wadsworth, superintendent of the air mail service; for the Department of Commerce, Wil- liam P. MacCracken, Assistant Secre- tary of Commerce for Aeronautics: C. F. Hingsburg, chief of the airway divi- sion, and Harry H. Blee, chief of the airport division. First Steps to Take. The opening schedule of hearings be- fore this new interdepartmental com- mittee called for meetings May 22, 23 | i and 24 to consider petitions for estab- lishing_airways as follows: Pittsburgh to Norfolk, Va. via _Baltimore |and Washington: Pittsburgh to New | York, via Philadelphia; Richmond to Jacksonville, Fla, via Winston- Salem, High Point. Raleigh, Greensboro. | | Columbia, Augusta, Charleston and Savannah; Pasco, Wash., to Seattle, | Tacoma, Spokane and Portland, Oreg. The first step in seeking an air mail | service for any community or for any | new route is to get an airway officially | established. An airway is a route along vhich there are the necessary airports { markers, lights, weather service, emer: | gency landing fields and other require ments to make a safe and practical | course for air navigation. The Depart- | | ment of Commerce has the authority in | law to establish airways. but it does | not have the funds for doing all that is | required to make an airway, and the communities along the line contribute | a good deal. | An air mail route must of necessity | | flying service. The interdepartmental committee is authorized to hear the requests of mem- bers._of Congress, State and local offi- clals, chambers of commerce, or other unofficial_bodies, and even of private citizens, for the establishment of air- ways and of air mail routes. The com- mittee will set. up its own rules of pro- cedure, and petitioners will probably sooner or later be able to get rather accurate advice as to what facts thev chould be prepared to lay before the committee. The Department of Com- merce already has a large information cepartment which will inform prosper tive petitioners as to the requirements of an airway. Stops Mean Loss of Time. Petitioners _are likely to be well equipped with maps and statistics, weather records, population and postal data, as well as_booster arguments. | Strictly speaking, the air mail is a Post | Office Department problem exclusively. and many applications by cities and | towns to get air mail service can be | handled without reference to any spe- cial committee. AU present 1t is very difficult to get & new stopping point es- tablished on an air mail route. Every stop involves loss of time and consider- | able expense, as well as risk. The air mail does not stop, for instance, at B timore, not because the cily is not large enough to be a point of origin for a great volume of such mail, but bec: the mail planes stop at Washington. 49 miles away, and there is nothing to kecp Baltimore air mail from being sent to Washington and loaded there, an hour by rail from Baltimore. Baltimore peo- ple are far from satisfied with this plan, practical as it may be under present conditions, Their city is larger than Washington. Why should it not be on the air map? So it goes all over the country. The Post Office Department fs ex- tremely hopeful that a device will soon be perfected for picking up and drop- ping air mail from a plane in flight. This would enable the addition of many cities to the air mail routes. Many inventions have been tried along this line, and at present the department is working with one which looks hopeful. By using a very light steel wire which adds little weight to the plane. and a sort of catapult device to start the mail bag in motion the instant it is auto- matically hooked to the wire, it may be possible to pick up bags without a heavy, cumbersome device. The cata- pult idea would shoot the bag forward in the direction the plane is flying. so that there would be no heavy initial strain on the wire, and a much lighter wire could be employed. Several hun- dred feet of the wire would be required. operating from a strong spring coil in the plane. This device swings down with the | mail bag to be delivered, and this is | caught in a wide mouthed trap, like two rails spread wide apart at the mouth and leading together to the trap. Thus the | aviator need hit only the wide part. The bag and patent hook are automati- cally brought into the trap, where one bag is dropped and the outgoing bag hooked on mechanically. At the same instant the trap is sprung. and the cat- | apult shoots the new bag off in the direction of the flight. It is then simply wound up on the spring coil. All of which sounds ingenious and is, but must be absolutely perfect and fool- proof before its use can be risked with fast flying planes swooping low enough to deliver and pick up the mail bags in this manner. If the scheme works, many more cities may become air ce- pots, with delivery and dispatch of air / mail accomplished without a stop. follow an airway, so the airway estab- This and That By Charles E. Tracewell. | i | i | ( The three kitten musketeers came out { of the basement on the same day, leav- ing the fat pair behind. Alexandre Dumas, himself, was the first to mount the, 14 steps leading from | basement to kitchen. | On his heels came Athos, and shortly | thereafter Nipper managed the ascent. | For fellows only 5 weeks old that | was going some, as the vernacular has it. A. Dumas is black and white spotted, Athos is entirely black and Little Nipper | is tiger striped, gray, black and brown. | This trio is composed of the leaner members of Mrs. Blackie's family, | Dumas and Athos being pleasantly thin, with Nipper fatter but shorter. * X K K D'Artagnan, light gray tiger striped. and Porthos. all maltese, are much bigger and fatter and the least progres- sive of the kittens. D'Artagnan (who, by the way, is really Miss D'Artagnan, just as Nipper | is Miss Nipper) has to date managed to get up five of the steps, whereas Porthos, roly-poly maltese, is unable to | | negotiate but three of them. | These two in the basement are miss- | ing the huge sport daily indulged in by Alexandre Dumas, Nipper and Athos. who find in the living room, dining room and kitchen a new world. Their first entry, as grown-up kittens, was_made_with some trepidation and | much snuffing of chairs, draperies, rugs, | ete. Here was something new! | It only took Alexandre Dumas, im- pudent A. Dumas, a few minutes to realize that here was the finest play- ground he had ever struck. Cocking his triangular-shaped head, with gleaming bright eyes, deftly on one side, and poising his long hind legs, he darted at the smaller coal-black Athos. Over they tumbled, then Athos got Dumas down and gave him a good nip. Alexandre uttered one of his peculiar cries, hopped to his feet, scampered across the rug. “The sound of kitten feet patting over | the floor is like nothing else in the | world, their little paws rapping down so quickly. | | i | e e Alexandre Dumas is the jester of the bunch. We have not determined what it is about him which gives him such a comical air. ‘We call him black and white spotted. but in reality his black is a very dark chocolate brown, coming over both eyes in patches similar to those which some- times distinguish specimens of wire- haired fox terrier. His glittering eves, and his friendli- ness. together with his sprawling gait, combine to make him one of the best of the kittens. Fifty Years A'go' In The Star “Washington as the Capital of the Nation of 50,000,000 people,” says an The National e Star of May 17. s4al" 1879, “is rapidly Capital's Growth. ;'\ ming its proper position as the most cosmopol= itan city in America. Even now there is probably more individuality of opinion | and action on the part of our people than in any other city of the land. ‘Washington is, in short. a national rep- resentative of all the varied elements of the entire population of our vast re- public. We are now, as a community, entirely national in our character. with no controlling characteristic peculiar to any one part of the country, but. on the contrary, are a community of the rep- resentative people of every section; + » = The great populous centers of inhabitants in our vast cities, as New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Chi Louis. San Francisco, etc., are subjected to the peculiar local laws enacted by the representatives: chosen in an in- terest limited bv city. county or State jurisdiction, which. as often happens. is strange, and at times inimical, to the habits, experiences and prejudices of the people from other States and locali- ties of the Union. But the District of Columbia is common ground, set apart and dedicated to the entire people of the country as neutral territory, within whose_jurisdiction every citizen of the United States meets another upon ab- solute equality. The Congress of the United States enacts all the laws for the municipal regulation of its affairs, thereby nationalizing its government to harmonize with the varied sentiments of the people of the entire Republic. With a proper appreciation on the part of Congress of this peculiar and distinct condition of governmental affairs con- trolling the Capital of the United States, as the only national city in America, the legislation will become nore liberal and comprehensive for the edvancement, adornment and prosperity of the ‘District set apart for the seat of government’ of our rapidly growing Nation. “The Constitution places the govern- ment_and control of Washington and the District of Columbia under the ex- clusive legislation of Congress, and Congress alone is responsible for its liberal and comprehensive, or narrow and restricted, laws and regulations. { Washington is the only city on tha continent where the Government of the United States is absolute and sponsible, even to the minutest detail of local government. It is only within the past few vears that Congress has assumed its constitutional requirement of exercising exclusive legislation over the affairs of the national seat of gov- ernment, but within that brief period, | He is forever climbing into one's lap, | by its comprehensive appreciative ana l there to lie on his side and make darts here and there at anything which at- tracts his attention. The two in the basement are very sedate kiltens, liking to sit on one’s Jap. Little Nipper is more inclined to pay little attention to human beings. He likes you, but can get along with- out you. Such is his attitude, Alexandre was the first one to leap up on the davenport. but no sooner had he accomplished the feat than he was followed by Athos, and soon by Nipper. ‘The little fellows can leap off, too, but when they do they roll over when they hit the floor. This does not seem to "hurt them a bit—even a Kkitten evidently has nine full-sized live: The portieres afford special pleasure to the three kitten musketeers, who use | it not only to leap at and swing on, but | to_hide behind to pounce on others. When the front door was opened for the first time, the three left their play and gazed out the screen as if they could not believe their eyes. What! Another whole world out there, and they had thought this great Foom the 2mit of clyllizationl | appropriations. Washington edeemed from being a stench in the nostrils of men and angeis, and is now a thoroughly attractive city, worthy of being the capital of 50,000,0( free American citizens. .- | generous has been r Check on Einstein. From the Providence Journal A solar eclipse in these days seems to be important chiefly as affording_an- other opportunity to keep tabs on Prof. Einstein. SRS OO Baldness and Faces Linked. From the Adrian Daily Telesram. Edgar Wallace says long-faced men have a tendency to become bald. Maybe they only scem long-faced. .- Quite a Crop. From the Canton Daily News b Just after a frost destroys the entie fruit crop, another frost comes along and slightly damages the rest of it. . &